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7. Shock-induced chemical decomposition and overdriven detonation in hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) single crystals.

Author

Winey, J. M., Toyoda, Y., and Gupta, Y. M.

Subjects
*CHEMICAL decomposition, *SINGLE crystals, *CYCLONITE, *CRYSTAL orientation, *SPEED of sound, *EXPLOSIVES, *TRIAZINES
Abstract

Understanding the differences in the shock compression and detonation response of insensitive high explosives (IHEs) and conventional HEs (CHEs) is a long-standing need in HE science and technology. Having previously examined 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) IHE single crystals [Winey et al., J. Appl. Phys. 130, 015902 (2021)], the shock and detonation response of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)—a widely used CHE—was determined using wave profile measurements in ∼250 μm thick single crystals shock compressed to 63 GPa. In marked contrast to FOX-7, RDX single crystals shocked along the [100] and [111] orientations showed wave profile features consistent with chemical decomposition onset at 15 GPa. These features were more pronounced for [100] RDX, suggesting a higher decomposition rate compared to [111] RDX. At 51 GPa and above, flat-topped single waves were observed for both orientations, showing the classic Chapman–Jouget (C–J) detonation response in which the decomposition is completed within the detonation front. The Hugoniot states and sound speeds determined for the detonation products were similar for both [100] and [111] orientations, showing that the overdriven detonation response for RDX does not depend on crystal orientation. The C–J pressure for RDX single crystals (35 GPa)—determined experimentally—is comparable to that of FOX-7. However, compared to FOX-7, chemical decomposition onset for RDX occurs at much lower pressures and the overdriven C–J detonation response occurs at higher pressures. The present findings constitute the first experimental comparison of the shock and detonation response of conventional and insensitive HE single crystals over a broad pressure range below and above the C–J pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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18. Initial Safety Cohort Analysis: Prospective Multi-Center Randomized Study for Evaluating The EVAHEART®2 Left Ventricular Assist System (The COMPETENCE Trial)

Author

Slaughter, M., primary, Ahmed, M., additional, Allen, S., additional, Answini, G., additional, Bartoli, C., additional, Dhingra, R., additional, Dowling, R., additional, Egnaczyk, G., additional, Griffith, B., additional, Gulati, S., additional, Hall, S., additional, Jeng, E., additional, Joseph, S., additional, Kiernan, M., additional, Lozonschi, L., additional, Mahr, C., additional, Meyer, D., additional, Ono, M., additional, Ravichandran, A., additional, Shafii, A., additional, Soleimani, B., additional, Toyoda, Y., additional, and Yarboro, L., additional

Published
2023
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22. (921) Effect of Surgical Exposure on Short-Term Outcomes after Bilateral Lung Transplantation

Author

de Manna, N.D., primary, Van Raemdonck, D., additional, Hartwig, M., additional, Bottiger, B., additional, Loor, G., additional, Leon, A., additional, Villavicencio, M., additional, Langer, N., additional, Emtiazjoo, A., additional, Chandrashekaran, S., additional, Neyrinck, A., additional, Toyoda, Y., additional, Kashem, A., additional, Huddleston, S., additional, Sanchez, P., additional, Subramaniam, K., additional, Warnecke, G., additional, and Ius, F., additional

Published
2023
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23. (97) International Multicenter Extracorporeal Life Support in Lung Transplantation Registry. Impact of Cold Ischemic Time on Primary Graft Dysfunction and One-Year Mortality

Author

Villavicencio, M., primary, Kashem, A., additional, Loor, G., additional, D'Silva, E., additional, Hartwig, M., additional, Ghadimi, K., additional, Ius, F., additional, Jawad, S., additional, Langer, N., additional, Osho, A., additional, Chandrashekaran, S., additional, Machuca, T., additional, Sanchez, P., additional, Subramaniam, K., additional, Van Raemdonck, D., additional, Neyrinck, A., additional, Huddleston, S., additional, Shaffer, A., additional, Lahr, B., additional, and Toyoda, Y., additional

Published
2023
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24. (593) Utilization of Lung Transplantation in Patients with Covid-19

Author

Kashem, A., primary, Villavicencio, M., additional, Van Raemdonck, D., additional, Loor, G., additional, Hartwig, M., additional, Ghadimi, K., additional, Ius, F., additional, Langer, N., additional, Osho, A., additional, Chandrashekaran, S., additional, Machuca, T., additional, Sanchez, P., additional, Subramaniam, K., additional, Warnick, M., additional, Neyrinck, A., additional, Huddleston, S., additional, Shaffer, A., additional, D'Silva, E., additional, Salman, J., additional, Zhao, H., additional, Pena, A. Leon, additional, Emtiazjoo, A., additional, and Toyoda, Y., additional

Published
2023
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26. Near-optimal combination of high performance and insensitivity in a shock compressed high explosive single crystal.

Author

Winey, J. M., Toyoda, Y., and Gupta, Y. M.

Subjects
*SINGLE crystals, *DETONATION waves
Abstract

Achieving the desired combination of superior detonation performance and insensitivity to shock initiation has been a long-standing goal in high explosive (HE) science and technology. Having previously established the shock insensitivity of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (also known as DADNE or FOX-7) single crystals to 20 GPa (extended to 25 GPa in this work), the FOX-7 detonation response was determined through wave profile measurements in ∼250 μm thick single crystals shock compressed to 64 GPa. Quite unexpectedly, FOX-7 demonstrated the classic Chapman–Jouguet (C–J) detonation response—reaction completion in the detonation front (<0.7 ns) at pressures of 44 GPa and higher—not observed in other insensitive high explosives. The experimentally determined C–J pressure (35 GPa), detonation wave velocities and the detonation products equation of state—together with shock insensitivity to 25 GPa—demonstrate that FOX-7 single crystals display a near-optimal combination of high performance and shock insensitivity, not observed in another HE crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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27. Optical Response of Soda-Lime Glass Shocked to 14 GPa

Author

Renganathan, P., Toyoda, Y., and Gupta, Y. M.

Abstract

To examine the potential use of soda-lime glass (SLG) as an optical window in shock wave experiments, laser interferometry (VISAR) was used to determine the window correction and the refractive index in SLG samples subjected to plane shock wave compression. Symmetric plate impact experiments were conducted at peak stresses varying between 4 and 14 GPa and laser interferometry (λ0=532nmwavelength) measurements were used to monitor the particle velocity histories at the impact surface. The higher stress experiments displayed a constant state prior to stress unloading. In contrast, the lower stress experiments (4.3 and 7.8 GPa) displayed an initial constant state followed by weakly time-dependent response prior to stress unloading. Because the actual particle velocities were independently known from the projectile velocity measurements, the window correction factor and the refractive index changes were determined over the stress range examined. Above 7.5 GPa, our window correction and refractive index results show significant differences with previously published data for the same material. Potential reasons for these differences are indicated.

Published
2024
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34. Shock compression response of an insensitive high explosive single crystal: 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7).

Author

Winey, J. M., Toyoda, Y., and Gupta, Y. M.

Subjects
*SINGLE crystals, *PENTAERYTHRITOL tetranitrate, *CHEMICAL decomposition, *LASER interferometry, *SHOCK waves, MECHANICAL shock measurement
Abstract

Insensitive high explosives (IHEs)—which do not compromise performance—are of considerable interest as a safer alternative to conventional high explosives, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine. Despite the strong interest in using IHEs, shock compression experiments on IHE single crystals have not been reported. To address this need, plate impact experiments were conducted to measure wave profiles in 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) single crystals—a representative IHE crystal—shocked to 21 GPa longitudinal stress. Particle velocity histories, measured using laser interferometry, show a clear two-wave structure (elastic–inelastic response) at modest stresses (<3.8 GPa). Wave profiles at higher stresses show a single (overdriven) wave. Measured shock velocities and wave profiles provide accurate Hugoniot data to 21 GPa. The measured wave profiles to 21 GPa show no sign of energy release due to chemical decomposition and constitute the first demonstration of an IHE single crystal insensitivity under plane shock compression. Numerical simulations using a phenomenological material model developed for FOX-7 showed good agreement with the measured wave profiles. The experimental findings and continuum simulations presented here constitute a significant first step in gaining an insight into the shock compression response of IHE single crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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36. ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT IN POF-MMI-BASED TEMPERATURE SENSING BY HIGHER-ORDER MODE EXCITATION.

Author

Wang, K., Mizuno, Y., Kishizawa, K., Toyoda, Y., Lee, H., Ichige, K., Dong, X., Kurz, W., Jakobi, M., and Koch, A. W.

Subjects
SINGLE-mode optical fibers, PLASTIC optical fibers, OPTICAL fibers, SILICA fibers, DOUBLE standard, TEMPERATURE sensors
Abstract

A simple, stable, and high-sensitivity temperature sensor based on multimode interference (MMI) in a polymer optical fiber (POF) with higher-order mode excitation has been developed. In a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) structure, one of the two ends of the multimode POF with physical-contact (PC) connectors is connected to a silica single-mode fiber with an angled-PC (APC) connector to make use of higher-order propagation modes in the POF. Three configurations (no PC-APC, PC-APC at input, and PC-APC at output) are compared, and the maximal temperature sensitivity of 219.2 pm/°C, which is more than double the value of the standard (no PC-APC) SMS structure, is obtained. This result indicates that the temperature sensitivity can be stably enhanced at a low cost by the use of PC-APC connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

40. Bronchial Complications and Survival Outcomes in Post-Lung Transplant

Author

Masters, G., primary, Kashem, M., additional, Montgomery, K., additional, Firoz, A., additional, Siddique, L., additional, Reich, J., additional, Kehara, H., additional, Mangukia, C.V., additional, Sunagawa, G., additional, Leotta, E., additional, Weir, M., additional, Yanagida, R., additional, Shigemura, N., additional, and Toyoda, Y., additional

Published
2022
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