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5 results on '"Toxin analyses"'

1. Harmful phytoplankton in the Beagle Channel (South America) as a potential threat to aquaculture activities.

Author

Almandoz, Gastón O., Cefarelli, Adrián O., Diodato, Soledad, Montoya, Nora G., Benavides, Hugo R., Carignan, Mario, Hernando, Marcelo, Fabro, Elena, Metfies, Katja, Lundholm, Nina, Schloss, Irene R., Álvarez, Marcela, and Ferrario, Martha E.

Subjects
DINOFLAGELLATES, PHYTOPLANKTON, TOXIN analysis, DOMOIC acid, NAVICULA, ALGAL blooms, ALEXANDRIUM, DIATOMS
Abstract

The Beagle Channel is a remote subantarctic environment where mussel aquaculture initiatives have existed since the early 1990s. Here we analyze phytoplankton biomass and composition, and the occurrence of harmful microalgae species and their toxins at three sites during the period 2015–2016. The occurrence of potentially harmful algae was observed throughout the study period, including toxigenic dinoflagellates such as Alexandrium catenella (Group I of the A. tamarense complex), A. ostenfeldii , Dinophysis acuminata , Gonyaulax spinifera , Azadinium sp., and the diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia australis and P. fraudulenta. Toxic dinoflagellates were detected in low densities whereas a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom was observed in late February. Isolates of A. catenella and P. delicatissima sensu stricto were phylogenetically characterized. The toxin profile of A. catenella was dominated by GTX4, while P. delicatissima sensu stricto showed no production of the neurotoxin domoic acid in culture conditions. The results provide base-line information for the management of harmful algal blooms in this little explored subantarctic area. • Harmful phytoplankton at aquaculture sites in the Beagle Channel, South America • Identification of several toxigenic dinoflagellate and diatom species • High densities of potentially harmful Phaeocystis -like and Chaetoceros species • Toxin analyses of Alexandrium catenella and Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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2. Ciguatera poisonings: A global review of occurrences and trends

Author

Chinain, M., Gatti, C. M., I, Darius, H. T., Quod, J-p, Tester, P. A., Chinain, M., Gatti, C. M., I, Darius, H. T., Quod, J-p, and Tester, P. A.

Abstract

Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is the most prevalent, phycotoxin related seafood poisoning across the globe, affecting between 10,000 and 50,000 people annually. This illness results from the consumption of seafood contaminated with lipid soluble toxins known as ciguatoxins (CTXs) that are produced by benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The present work reviews the global occurrence of CP events and outbreaks, based on both scientific and gray literature. Ciguatera prevalence is significantly underestimated due to a lack of recognition of ciguatera symptoms, limited collection of epidemiological data on a global level, and reticence to report ciguatera in CP-endemic regions. Analysis of the time-series data available for a limited number of countries indicates the highest incidence rates are consistently reported from two historical CP-endemic areas i.e., the Pacific and Caribbean regions, a situation due in part to the strong reliance of local communities on marine resources. Ciguatera-related fatalities are rare (<0.1% of reported cases). The vast majority of outbreaks involve carnivorous fish including snappers, groupers, wrasses, and barracudas. Since 2000, an expansion of the geographical range of CP has been observed in several areas like Macaronesia and east and southeast Asia. In some of these locales, random surveys confirmed the presence of CTXs in locally sourced fish, consistent with the concurrent report of novel CP incidents (e.g., Canary Islands, Madeira, Selvagens Islands, New South Wales). One characteristic of outbreaks occurring in Asia is that they often present as large disease clusters due to group consumption of a single contaminated fish. Similar observations are reported from the Indian Ocean in the form of shark poisoning outbreaks which often lead to singular types of CP characterized by a high fatality rate. Other atypical forms of CP linked to the consumption of marine invertebrates also have been documented recent

Published
2021
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3. Ciguatera poisonings: A global review of occurrences and trends

Author

J.-P. Quod, Clémence Mahana Iti Gatti, Patricia A. Tester, Mireille Chinain, and Hélène Taiana Darius

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Marine conservation, Ciguatera, Ciguatoxin, Range (biology), Epidemiology, Gambierdiscus spp, Plant Science, Fukuyoa spp, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Global occurrence, Predatory fish, Environmental health, Case fatality rate, medicine, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, Indian Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Islands, Toxin analyses, Portugal, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Outbreaks, Outbreak, Ciguatera Poisoning, medicine.disease, ciguatoxins, Geography, Caribbean Region, Spain, Ciguatera poisoning, New South Wales, Atypical forms
Abstract

Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is the most prevalent, phycotoxin related seafood poisoning across the globe, affecting between 10,000 and 50,000 people annually. This illness results from the consumption of seafood contaminated with lipid soluble toxins known as ciguatoxins (CTXs) that are produced by benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The present work reviews the global occurrence of CP events and outbreaks, based on both scientific and gray literature. Ciguatera prevalence is significantly underestimated due to a lack of recognition of ciguatera symptoms, limited collection of epidemiological data on a global level, and reticence to report ciguatera in CP-endemic regions. Analysis of the time-series data available for a limited number of countries indicates the highest incidence rates are consistently reported from two historical CP-endemic areas i.e., the Pacific and Caribbean regions, a situation due in part to the strong reliance of local communities on marine resources. Ciguatera-related fatalities are rare (

Published
2021

4. Harmful phytoplankton in the Beagle Channel (South America) as a potential threat to aquaculture activities

Author

Marcelo Pablo Hernando, Martha E. Ferrario, Gaston Osvaldo Almandoz, Soledad Lorena Diodato, Marcela Álvarez, Adrián Oscar Cefarelli, Irene R. Schloss, Elena Fabro, Nora G. Montoya, Katja Metfies, Hugo Benavides, Mario O. Carignan, and Nina Lundholm

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Harmful Algal Bloom, Aquaculture, PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias Biológicas, Phytoplankton, Microalgae, Animals, Biomass, 14. Life underwater, ALEXANDRIUM, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, South America, Biología Marina, Limnología, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Geography, HARMFUL ALGAE, TOXIN ANALYSES, Dinoflagellida, Marine Toxins, Channel (broadcasting), BEAGLE CHANNEL, business, Pseudo-nitzschia, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, PHAEOCYSTIS-LIKE BLOOM
Abstract

The Beagle Channel is a remote subantarctic environment where mussel aquaculture initiatives have existedsince the early 1990s. Here we analyze phytoplankton biomass and composition, and the occurrence of harmfulmicroalgae species and their toxins at three sites during the period 2015?2016. The occurrence of potentiallyharmful algae was observed throughout the study period, including toxigenic dinoflagellates such asAlexandrium catenella (Group I of the A. tamarense complex), A. ostenfeldii, Dinophysis acuminata, Gonyaulaxspinifera, Azadinium sp., and the diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia australis and P. fraudulenta. Toxic dinoflagellates weredetected in low densities whereas a Pseudo-nitzschia bloom was observed in late February. Isolates of A. catenellaand P. delicatissima sensu stricto were phylogenetically characterized. The toxin profile of A. catenella wasdominated by GTX4, while P. delicatissima sensu stricto showed no production of the neurotoxin domoic acid inculture conditions. The results provide base-line information for the management of harmful algal blooms in thislittle explored subantarctic area. Fil: Almandoz, Gaston Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; Argentina Fil: Cefarelli, Adrián Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge: Sede Caleta Olivia - Santa Cruz | Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge: Sede Caleta Olivia - Santa Cruz | Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "san Juan Bosco". Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia Golfo San Jorge: Sede Caleta Olivia - Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia "San Juan Bosco". Instituto de Desarrollo Costero; Argentina Fil: Diodato, Soledad Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambientales y Recursos Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Montoya, Nora Gladys. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Benavides, Hugo R.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Carignan, Mario Osvaldo. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; Argentina Fil: Hernando, Marcelo Pablo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina Fil: Fabro Cerreia Fus, Elena Ines. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina Fil: Metfies, Katja. Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung; Alemania Fil: Lundholm, Nina. Universidad de Copenhagen; Dinamarca Fil: Schloss, Irene Ruth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego; Argentina. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Interno y Culto. Dirección Nacional del Antártico. Instituto Antártico Argentino; Argentina Fil: Álvarez, Marcela. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero. Dirección de Pesquerías Demersales. Programa Pesquerías de Peces Demersales Costeros; Argentina Fil: Ferrario, Martha Elba. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Ficología; Argentina

Published
2019

5. Ciguatera poisonings: A global review of occurrences and trends.

Author

Chinain M, Gatti CMI, Darius HT, Quod JP, and Tester PA

Subjects
Animals, Caribbean Region, Humans, Indian Ocean, Islands, New South Wales, Portugal, Spain, Ciguatera Poisoning epidemiology
Abstract

Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is the most prevalent, phycotoxin related seafood poisoning across the globe, affecting between 10,000 and 50,000 people annually. This illness results from the consumption of seafood contaminated with lipid soluble toxins known as ciguatoxins (CTXs) that are produced by benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The present work reviews the global occurrence of CP events and outbreaks, based on both scientific and gray literature. Ciguatera prevalence is significantly underestimated due to a lack of recognition of ciguatera symptoms, limited collection of epidemiological data on a global level, and reticence to report ciguatera in CP-endemic regions. Analysis of the time-series data available for a limited number of countries indicates the highest incidence rates are consistently reported from two historical CP-endemic areas i.e., the Pacific and Caribbean regions, a situation due in part to the strong reliance of local communities on marine resources. Ciguatera-related fatalities are rare (<0.1% of reported cases). The vast majority of outbreaks involve carnivorous fish including snappers, groupers, wrasses, and barracudas. Since 2000, an expansion of the geographical range of CP has been observed in several areas like Macaronesia and east and southeast Asia. In some of these locales, random surveys confirmed the presence of CTXs in locally sourced fish, consistent with the concurrent report of novel CP incidents (e.g., Canary Islands, Madeira, Selvagens Islands, New South Wales). One characteristic of outbreaks occurring in Asia is that they often present as large disease clusters due to group consumption of a single contaminated fish. Similar observations are reported from the Indian Ocean in the form of shark poisoning outbreaks which often lead to singular types of CP characterized by a high fatality rate. Other atypical forms of CP linked to the consumption of marine invertebrates also have been documented recently. Owing to the significant health, socioeconomic and socio-cultural impacts of ciguatera, there is an urgent need for increased, standardized, coordinated efforts in ciguatera education, monitoring and research programs. Several regional and international initiatives have emerged recently, that may help improve patients' care, data collection at a global scale, and risk monitoring and management capabilities in countries most vulnerable to CP's toxic threat., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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