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Objective: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder in the pediatric population, often accompanied by comorbidities, drug-related burdens, and psychosocial issues. Emotional intelligence (EI) is a crucial aspect of neurocognitive functioning that may be impaired in various clinical conditions. This study aimed to assess EI and its associated risk factors in children with epilepsy. Methods: In a case-control design, we recruited 47 children with epilepsy (37 males, mean age 10.5 ± 3.1 years) and age- and gender-matched controls. Participants were evaluated using the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQ-I:YV). We included risk factors, including comorbidities, perinatal complications, epilepsy characteristics, and magnetic resonance imaging results to predict EI. Results: Results indicate that children with epilepsy demonstrated significantly lower EI scores compared to controls (Total EQ score: p = 0.031, intrapersonal: p

Objectives: Dysphagia is a major complaint following stroke and occurs 37-78% of the time. It is associated with poor clinical outcome and high mortality rates. There are approximately 220-290 new stroke cases per 100.000 person-years in Mongolia and 178-260 in China. Rapidly changing lifestyles, socioeconomic status, stress, and increasing cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of stroke in the world and its diagnosis and treatment are one of the challenges of health care. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the swallow status and treatment outcome among dysphagic patients. Methods: The study was conducted in a hospital-based, cross-sectional method. Study participants were obtained from the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolian University for the Nationalities between July 2018 and March 2019. All patients were randomly divided into three treatment groups. 149 patients with dysphagia were evaluated by video fluoroscopic assessment (VFSS) before and after the treatment. Results: In total, 149 participants (mean age = 59.70 ± 9.55 years) aged between 34-77 were obtained in this study. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups in age (p = 0.583). The data showed a statistically significant positive treatment effect for all three groups (p = 0.000). The VFSS score was 7.94 ± 1.04 in the A group, 7.52 ± 1.12 in the B group, and 8.36 ± 0.98 in the C group after the treatment. The VFSS score shows a statistically significant difference, after the treatment (p = 0.000). Conclusion: Rehabilitation treatment combined with neuromuscular electrical simulation shows a better outcome than rehabilitation treatment without combined neuromuscular stimulation among stroke patients with dysphagia. The assessment of swallowing function should include both clinical and video fluoroscopic evaluation. Video fluoroscopic features are important predictors of swallowing abnormalities and complications.

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and treatment results of different clinical types of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Methods: A total of 162 patients diagnosed with BPPV between January 2019 to January 2021 at EMJJ ENT Hospital’s vestibular laboratory in Mongolia were included in our study. The diagnosis of BPPV was made according to the 2017 AAO-HNS clinical practice guideline for BPPV. Clinical questionnaires, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaires, and videonystgamography were obtained for all patients. Results: From a total of 162 patients diagnosed as BPPV, 62.4% had posterior canal BPPV, 27.1% had horizontal canal BPPV, and 10.5% had anterior canal BPPV. Fischer’s exact test showed a higher incidence on the right side (p = 0.000). The mean age 50 ± 11.7; the male to female ratio 1:4. When the relationship between the effectiveness and duration of the treatment was assessed, 123 (75.9%) recovered after 7 days. DHI score after treatment significantly after treatment (p = 0.000) regardless of the clinical type. Conclusions: Patients who had a longer duration of symptoms underwent unnecessary diagnostic tests and developed additional psychologic problems. There were no statistically significant differences when we compared the characteristics and treatment between the three clinical types of BPPV.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the incidence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among primary school children in Ulaanbaatar and identify some of the influencing factors and specific clinical features. Methods: A total of 973 primary school children between 6 – 13 years of age in grades 2-5, along with 973 parents/caretakers, and 91 class teachers were recruited from secondary schools of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Results: ADHD prevalence for the 973 participants was 16.6% based on teacher’s reports and 9.7% based on parent’s reports. Using the criteria that both the teacher and parent/caretaker both reported ADHD for a child, 50 children were diagnosed with ADHD, and the estimated prevalence was 5.8% in Ulaanbaatar. Among the 50 children with ADHD, 78% were boys, 22% were girls, with ADHD being four times more common in boys than girls (p =.0001). The constituent ratios of ADHD-Inattentive, ADHD-Hyperactive/impulsive, and ADHD-Combined subtypes were 4.07%, 3.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. The risks were 7.5 times higher when the mother smoked during pregnancy and 2.9 times higher when the child lived with a grandparent than with both parents (p

Objectives: This study compared the clinical characteristics of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE-HS) to patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to other etiologies. Methods: In this prospective study, all patients with a clinical diagnosis of TLE were recruited at “Sanus’’ outpatient neurological clinic from June 2016 to June 2017. We took note if patients had mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) (if they had clear signs of MTS and/or atrophy in their MRI) or any other MRI abnormality. Results: A total of 88 patients (36 patients with mTLE-HS and 52 patients with TLE due to other etiologies) were included in this study. High frequency of seizure (p

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare characteristics of ischemic stroke between young (20-49 years) and old (50-89 years) patients undergoing investigations and treatment according to one common protocol in a tertiary hospital. Methods: This hospital-based prospective study included 90 young and 130 old patients with acute ischemic stroke. Data regarding the etiology of the stroke, diagnostic test results and degree of functional improvement of patients were examined during their observation. Results: Common causes for stroke in the young patients were current smoking (53.3%), heavy alcohol consumption (51.1%), cardiac embolism (36.0%), migraine with aura (25.5%), infective diseases (15.6%), and oral contraceptive use (14.4%). Leading causes for ischemic stroke in old patients were the conventional risk factors such as hypertension (75.4%), atherosclerosis (66.9%), and diabetes mellitus (26.9%). Most of the young stroke patients demonstrated good functional outcomes, at the time of discharge (71.1%) and at three weeks (86.6%) according to the Rankin Scale. Conclusion: There are significant differences between young and old patients with ischemic stroke regarding to risk factors, etiological subtypes and improvement of functional deficits associated with the stroke.

Objectives: To study the manifestations of the paroxysms, the variants of the course, and to determine the significant predictive factors for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Methods: We obtained the histories of 109 PTE patients who came to district health associations and the Central First Clinic in Ulaanbaatar from 2011 to 2013. We conducted a questionnaire and performed clinical examination to evaluate seizures in accordance with semiologic and international classification of epileptic seizures. Clinical data was matched with the results of electroencephalography (EEG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: Of the 109 patients, 93 (85%) presented with secondary generalized partial seizure (SGPS), 16 (15%) with partial seizure and 66 (60.5%) with motor phenomena. The seizure frequency was not correlated with the structural brain abnormalities, but there was an inverse association (r=-0.32, p