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Group-based educational interventions on health promotion for people with early-stage dementia have shown promising results. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. sex, education, marital status) and outcomes of a 12-week group-based educational intervention on health promotion for people with early-stage dementia. Secondary analysis of data from the project 'Health promotion for persons with dementia: Prevention of hospitalisation and nursing home replacement for persons with dementia,' a single group, pre-test/post-test intervention study was conducted. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the associations between changes in the primary outcome of the intervention from baseline to post-intervention assessment and the participants' sociodemographic characteristics. Multiple linear regression analyses showed a statistically significant association between improvement in scores on the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) post-intervention and level of education (β = -0.209, SE = 0.08, p =.013). More specifically, the results show that the scores on the CSDD from baseline to post-intervention improved more in participants with primary and secondary education than in those with tertiary education. The study attracted a high proportion (49%) of individuals with a higher level of education. The findings highlight the need for more knowledge on how to reach people with dementia with all levels of education and the need to consider the knowledge and support needs of various subgroups of people with early-stage dementia when developing and delivering this type of intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DailyColors™ is a supplement made up of several phytonutrients that aims to replicate elements from the Mediterranean diet. These include fruit, berry and vegetable extracts that are rich in key phytochemicals such as Quercetin, Catechins, Phloretin, Ellagic Acid, and Anthocyanins. Here, we determined the effects of DailyColors™ on the blood biomarkers associated with the diverse mechanisms implicated in ageing and age-related diseases, including mitochondrial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as on saliva's DNA methylation pattern. Thirty adult participants (mean (SD) age = 67.0 (7.5) years) with a body mass index over 25 were recruited into this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial (two one-week treatment periods, separated by a one-week washout period). During the placebo period, we observed a significant increase in blood CD38 concentrations from the baseline to 24 h (p-value = 0.019). This was not observed in the active period. Increased CD38 is reportedly associated with subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Next, there was a decreasing trend of plasma 4-HNE levels, an oxidative stress biomarker, after a one-week intake of DailyColors™. Furthermore, following a one-month open-label follow-up in 26 participants, we observed hypermethylation of the candidate CpG site cg13108341 (q-value = 0.021), which was against the observed trend for this site during ageing. Taken together, while minimal effects were observed in this study, DailyColors™ supplementation may be beneficial by altering and alleviating age-related changes. Longer and larger scale trials of DailyColors™ supplementation are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malnutrition is highly prevalent in older persons with dementia. Therefore, strong predictors of malnutrition in this population are crucial to initiating early interventions. This study evaluates the association between the probability of having malnutrition with the muscle volume and intramuscular fat (iMAT) of the masseter and the tongue in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of community-dwelling older persons diagnosed with mild dementia followed up for 5 years. This is a longitudinal study conducted in the western part of Norway. Muscle volume and iMAT of the tongue and masseter were computed from structural head MRI obtained from 65 participants of the Dementia Study of Western Norway using Slice-O-Matic software for segmentation. Malnutrition was assessed using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Index. Linear mixed models were conducted. Having malnutrition at baseline was associated with lower muscle volume (odds ratio [OR] 0.60, standard error [SE] 0.20; p = .010) and higher iMAT (OR 3.31, SE 0.46; p = .010) in the tongue. At 5 years follow-up, those with lower muscle volume (OR 0.55, SE 0.20; p = .002) and higher iMAT (OR 2.52, SE 0.40; p = .022) in the tongue had a higher probability of presenting malnutrition. The masseter iMAT and volume were not associated with malnutrition in any of the adjusted models. In people diagnosed with mild dementia, tongue muscle volume and iMAT were associated with baseline malnutrition and the probability of developing malnutrition in a 5-year trajectory. In the masseter, there were no significant associations after adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Plasma tests have demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for identifying Alzheimer's disease pathology. To facilitate the transition to clinical utility, we assessed whether plasma storage duration and temperature affect the biomarker concentrations., Methods: Plasma samples from 13 participants were stored at +4°C and +18°C. Concentrations of six biomarkers were measured after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 24 h by single molecule array assays., Results: Phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181), phosphorylated tau 231 (p-tau231), neurofilament light (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) concentrations were unchanged both when stored at +4°C and +18°C. Amyloid-β 40 (Aβ40) and amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) concentrations were stable for 24 h at +4°C but declined when stored at +18°C for longer than 6 h. This decline did not affect the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio., Discussion: Plasma samples can be stored for 24 h at +4°C or +18°C and result in valid assay results for p-tau181, p-tau231, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, GFAP, and NfL., Highlights: Plasma samples were stored for 24 h at +4°C and +18°C, mimicking clinical practice.Concentrations for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers were measured at six time-points.p-tau181, p-tau231, NfL, and GFAP concentrations were unchanged during the experiment.Storage at +18°C affected Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations while storage at +4°C did not. The Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was unaffected.These plasma tests seem suitable for use in general practice., Competing Interests: A.L. Sunde, I.V. Alsnes, N.J. Ashton, D.A. Tovar‐Rios, G. De Santis, and S.R. Kjosavik report no conflict of interest. K. Blennow has served as a consultant, at advisory boards, or at data monitoring committees for Abcam, Axon, BioArctic, Biogen, JOMDD/Shimadzu, Julius Clinical, Lilly, MagQu, Novartis, Ono Pharma, Pharmatrophix, Prothena, Roche Diagnostics, and Siemens Healthineers; and is a co‐founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, outside the work presented in this paper. H. Zetterberg has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, ALZPath, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Cellectricon, Fujirebio, Alzecure, Biogen, and Roche, and is a co‐founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program (outside submitted work). D. Aarsland has received a research grant and honoraria from Roche Diagnostics (outside submitted work). Author disclosures are available in the supporting information., (© 2023 The Authors. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)