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This paper brings these two technologies together to investigate the current state of AI-powered BC. We begin with an introduction to BC and an overview of the AI algorithms employed in BC. Then, we delve into the recent advances in AI-based BC, covering key areas such as backscatter signal detection, channel estimation, and jammer control to ensure security, mitigate interference, and improve throughput and latency. We also explore the exciting frontiers of AI in BC using B5G/6G technologies, including backscatter-assisted relay and cognitive communication networks, backscatter-assisted MEC networks, and BC with RIS, UAV, and vehicular networks. Finally, we highlight the challenges and present new research opportunities in AI-powered BC. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the potential of AI-powered BC and its insightful impact on the future of IoT.

Background: Scarcity of resources, energy crisis, environmental pollution and climate change are the central challenges that people will have to face in the years to come. Nowadays, agricultural, food and industrial wastes are generated in large quantities, which poses a serious problem in their management and disposal. Objective: Feedstocks play a vital role in solving energy and environmental problems. All renewable, biological substances that are used directly as fuel or converted into another form of energy or fuel products are referred to as feedstocks. Biomass is also a clean and renewable feedstock option; it can also be an excellent alternative to conventional fuels. Method: Renewable fuels are cleaner than traditional coal and petroleum, which reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Various methods could be used to achieve sustainable development methods that can not only lead to better waste management but also generate industrially important materials, chemicals, fuels and valuable end products from waste. Results: This review provides an overview of the global scenario related to feedstock. In addition, this paper examines the role of feedstock in solving energy and environmental issues. Conclusion: This paper sheds light on the issue of environmental impact in order to achieve overall sustainability. Finally, the merits of the feedstock technology prospects are addressed.

This study aimed to examine the role of brand attitude in mediating the relationship between advertising appeal and brand emotion on purchase intention in the fast-food industry of Hyderabad, Pakistan. Primary data was gathered from customers and adopted standard questionnaires from previous studies. The total number of respondents was 150, and for the analysis of data, various statistical tests such as SPSS and AMOS were used to assess the hypothesis, including the Reliability test, Confirmatory Analysis, and Structural equation modeling. The current study's findings indicated a partial mediation effect of brand attitude between advertising appeal and brand emotion for purchase intention. This study helps develop marketing strategies to identify convenience in this field of emotional marketing. They did this by developing a model that reflects on pre-purchase decisions and effects of emotional appeal, feeling, and attitude towards a brand, especially for fast food consumers. For improved market share in the future, marketing organizations in Hyderabad, Pakistan these factors are considered for future marketing strategies. How to Cite:Junejo, I., Sohu, J. M., Aijaz, A., Ghumro, T. H., Shaikh, S. H., & Seelro, A. D. (2022). The Mediating Role of Brand Attitude for Purchase Intention: Empirical Evidence from Fast Food Industry. Etikonomi, 21(1), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v21i1.22302.

Background: The Environmental Management System (EMS) is a unique way to develop an environmental policy with adequate planning, including implementation, operation, checking, and management review. Objective: The main stages of the EMS encompass environmental policy, planning, implementation, evaluation, and review. Method: A number of environmental standards (ISO 14000), which were drawn up by the international standardization organization, form an essential part of an EMS. This management system introduces environmental management into the day-to-day functions, long-term operations, and resource management frameworks of the organization. Results: This overview provides important information about the role of the EMS in water resource management and the scope of the EMS in the water system. This management system is used as an instrument to promote sustainable development in society. Conclusion: This paper sheds light on the topic of a sustainable water environment. In addition, some recognized successful EMS systems were reviewed and illustrated. We believe this review provides a guide to a fruitful water environment for successful urbanization planning.

The complexity of modern-day radiotherapy techniques calls for greater accuracy in target volume delineation which requires intensive training and expert guidance. In this study, we intend to evaluate the status of training in target delineation across radiation oncology curriculums in India and utility of webinars in teaching it.We organized daily webinars on the topics of radiological anatomy and target volume delineation in common sites of cancer over a period of 2 weeks. At the end of the program, a 35 item survey questionnaire was shared with the participants. The responses were analysed and are reported here.Out of the 797 participants that registered for the course, 356 radiation oncologists responded to the survey questionnaire. Majority (96%) of our respondents believe that there is a need for additional training in target volume delineation. Ninety percent of the participants felt that radiation oncology curriculum requires a formal radiology training but only 6.7% reported that their training consisted of a dedicated rotation and regular lectures in radiological anatomy. Majority (97%) responded that they were likely to incorporate the points learnt from the webinar sessions in their daily practice. Forty eight percent of respondents opted for attending a webinar to an in-person event in the future while 34% would like to have the option to choose between the two. Ninety four percent agreed that online webinars should be conducted routinely even after the pandemic ends.Our survey results suggest that target volume delineation training in India is deficient and virtual teaching programs can be a practical and effective way to improve it.

Twelve bacterial strains (GJ01 to GJ12), isolated from an oil-contaminated soil, were characterized through different biochemical, morphological, and molecular technique and analyzed by different screening methods to choose the best biosurfactant producing strain. Only GJ-01 strain exhibited significant biosurfactant activity, while the other strains exhibited partial activity. Molecular identification through 16S rRNA technique identified GJ-01 as a Bacillus siamensis-AMU03. The effect of the cultural filtrate tested under in vitro study against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum, with the highest reduction of mycelial growth in dual culture method (89.40% and 90.20% respectively). Both in food poisoning method as well as pathogenicity test, the bioagent was able to inhibit the growth of both the pathogens successfully at 3% concentration, and that was mainly due to volatile metabolites such as surfactin, fengycin and iturin, which were identified and analysed through Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These findings indicated that AMU03 strain had a promising eco-friendly and bio-safe approach to cope against soil-borne and post-harvest pathogens of seed tubers.

In this present situation, the ongoing pressure to reduce the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizer inputs is a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. Microbial applications are a safe and renewable mode in the maintenance of agricultural productivity. Algae are acknowledged for their wide application ranging from agriculture to industries. They play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture and are used as bio-fertilizer and soil stabilizers, decreasing the need for synthetic fertilizers. The major focus is laid on the role of algae, microalgae, and cyanobacteria in soil fertility and their beneficial roles in agriculture and the maintenance of environmental sustainability.

Black scurf disease is a major problem for cultivation of potato worldwide that is managed by synthetic agrochemicals, that are increasing environmental pollution as well as residue in farm produce also. Therefore, now a day use of bio-agents for managing black scurf is attractive feature and need of the hour. A promising bio surfactant OD02 isolate, was isolated from oil contaminated soil, utilizing its secondary metabolite after preliminary biosurfactant screening tests. Furthermore, this strain exhibited positive test with haemolytic activity, emulsification index, oil spreading test, molecular characterization with 16S rRNA universal primers revealed that the strain belongs to Bacillus group, that was further chemically characterized using TLC, exhibiting reddish pink colour as lipopeptide and demonstrated antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani under in vitro using dual culture (45±0.30%) and at 3% concentration under food poisoning method. Bacillus subtilis HussainT-AMU strain is very effective against phytopathogen R. solani and can be more explored in future diseases management strategies.

A comparative study for screening the antibiotic potential of Momordica charantia successive extracts in vitro against eleven multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Momordica charantia fresh fruit was extracted successively in different solvents in the order of increasing polarity from hexane to aqueous followed by screening against eleven antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion and agar well diffusion method. A study on Staphylococcus epidermidis and Corynebacterium xerosis are reported for the first time. Significant inhibitory activity was noted against most of the resistant human pathogenic strains. Findings reported that ethyl acetate fraction shows the highest zone of inhibition while hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous extract were almost resistant. The antibacterial efficacy of Momordica charantia is found to be significant. It’s also concluded that the controversy on the antibacterial activity of Momordica charantia fruit extract in different solvents is based on several factors like the solvent used for extraction, plant part, concentration, method of extraction, etc. M. charantia extracts could be used as an alternative anti-microbial to replace antibiotics for treating a broad spectrum of multidrug-resistant bacterial diseases.

The potential of nanotechnology for the development of sustainable agriculture has been promising. The initiatives to meet the rising food needs of the rapidly growing world population are mainly powered by sustainable agriculture. Nanoparticles are used in agriculture due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics. The interaction of nanomaterials with soil components is strongly determined in terms of soil quality and plant growth. Numerous research has been carried out to investigate how nanoparticles affect the growth and development of plants. Nanotechnology has been applied to improve the quality and reduce post-harvest loss of agricultural products by extending their shelf life, particularly for fruits and vegetables. This review assesses the latest literature on nanotechnology, which is used as a nano-biofertilizer as seen in the agricultural field for high productivity and better growth of plants, an important source of balanced nutrition for the crop, seed germination, and quality enrichment. Additionally, post-harvest food processing and packaging can benefit greatly from the use of nanotechnology to cut down on food waste and contamination. It also critically discusses the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle absorption and translocation within the plants and the synthesis of green nanoparticles.

Worldwide, due to a dearth of innovative interventions, new forms of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are being discovered every day in clinical and environmental settings. Therefore, it is necessary to remove these contaminants directly or indirectly from the environment. Nanomicrobial-based technology employing nanomaterials with microbes is a new paradigm that finds a place in the antimicrobial crisis. Microbial entities such as phages can be used to treat antimicrobial resistance, but phage resistance is challenging and limits its applicability. Similarly, nanotechnology will not be able to selectively remove resistant strains from the environment individually. Therefore, we employ nanomicrobial-based technology that aims to fill these gaps. In the present study, polyvalent phages were isolated from wastewater with an easy-to-use modified multi-host sequential approach, characterized and conjugated with magnetite (Fe