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Tourism refers to the activity of traveling for pleasure, recreation, or leisure purposes. It encompasses a wide range of activities and experiences, from sightseeing to cultural exploration. In today's digital age, tourists often organize their excursions independently by utilizing information available on websites. However, due to constraints in designing customized tour routes such as travel time and budget, many still require assistance with vacation planning to optimize their experiences. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm for personalized tourism planning that considers tourists' preferences. For instance, the algorithm can recommend places to visit and suggest activities based on tourist requirements. The proposed algorithm utilizes an extended model of the team orienteering problem with time windows (TOPTW) to account for mandatory locations and activities at each site. It offers trip planning that includes a set of locations and activities designed to maximize the overall score accumulated from visiting these locations. To solve the proposed model, the Adaptive Neighborhood Simulated Annealing (ANSA) algorithm is applied. ANSA is an enhanced version of the well-known Simulated Annealing algorithm (SA), providing an adaptive mechanism to manage the probability of selecting neighborhood moves during the SA search process. The computational results demonstrate that ANSA performs well in solving benchmark problems. Furthermore, a real-world attractive location in Tak Province, Thailand, is used as the case study in this paper to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air quality is becoming an important asset of modern society. Europe is adopting regulations that will enable better air quality for residents and encourage detailed study of emissions sources. Transport is recognized as a flourishing sector with the yearly growth of vehicle numbers. Even if the transport emissions trend slightly decreases, there is a concern that the increase in vehicle numbers on the road will slow down the process. Data from the bottom-up approach, estimating emissions from transit vehicles and tourism activities, was identified as a critical knowledge gap. Our study identifies and evaluates the issue of vehicle congestion on the roads during the summer, primarily driven by transit demands and tourism activities. The methodology to capture an understanding of traffic-related emissions from the summer vehicle peak was developed. Summer traffic peak was estimated by comparing the summer vehicle numbers with those of other parts of the year. Vehicle numbers were recognized by vehicle counters located on a Slovenian highway junction in the year 2021. Moreover, the study also revealed the emissions from the summer traffic peak, calculated by the COPERT emission model. We observed that, on an average summer day, there are up to 11,520 additional vehicles on Slovenian roads. It was estimated that the peak in summer passenger cars contributes up to 41,875 kg, 9542 kg, and 3057 kg of NOx, NMVOCs, and PM2.5 emissions. The maximum emissions of NOx and PM2.5 from light duty vehicles are 17,108 kg and 867 kg. There are non-negligible emissions of NMVOCs from motorcycles and these represent up to 3042 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific publication examines the issue of consumer rights protection in contracts for the provision of tourism services with a foreign element in the European Union and Ukraine. It is emphasized that consumers of tourism services are in a weaker position compared to tourism companies, thus necessitating a balanced approach to the regulation of such relationships. The publication analyzes the normative definitions and interpretations of the concepts of «consumer» and «consumer contract» in EU law and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The innovations of the Rome I Regulation regarding the introduction of specific connecting factors for consumer contracts, which contribute to enhancing their level of protection, are highlighted. Tourists who use package tourism services are classified as consumers (under EU understanding, physical persons who conclude contracts outside the scope of their professional or trade activities for personal purposes) and are granted direct protection under EU law. It is noted that the parties to a contract for the provision of tourism services, as a consumer contract, are permitted to choose the applicable law, provided that such a choice does not deprive the consumer of the protection afforded by the mandatory rules of the consumer's country of residence. Attention is focused on the targeting of the service provider's activities in the consumer's country of habitual residence, which determines the applicable law if no choice is made: in the case of a passive consumer, the law of the consumer's habitual residence applies, while an active consumer may be subject to the general rules considering the professional party's location. The court may apply the esare si clause to determine a closer connection of the contract with the law of a particular country. Special attention is given to conflict-of-law rules concerning obligations to compensate for damages caused by the provision of tourism services and to the jurisdiction of disputes arising from the provision of such services. It is emphasized that a choice-of-law or jurisdiction clause included in the contract without individual negotiations is deemed unfair and may be challenged by the consumer as invalid if it creates an imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mazandaran province, due to its strategic geographical location and high influx of tourists during holidays, coupled with the presence of power plants and industrial complexes, is facing pollution challenges. This research, conducted in 2022, focuses on monitoring nitrogen dioxide and ozone pollutants in the province and investigating the role of tourists during certain multi-day holidays. Utilizing Sentinel 5 satellite imagery, including daily images from holidays and non-holidays, the study compensates for the lack of regular pollution data in Mazandaran's monitoring stations by validating the satellite data against Tehran stations. Linear regression equations determine the levels of nitrogen dioxide and ozone pollutants, leading to the creation of an Air Quality Index (AQI) map for Mazandaran province during holidays. The results highlight a strong correlation (0.3-0.7) between satellite and ground data, with ozone pollutants exhibiting a higher correlation. The skew error is consistently zero, and the mean square error varies between 1.9-6.2 ppb for nitrogen dioxide and 1.1-5.1 ppb for ozone. Pollution estimates for different points in Mazandaran province during holidays and non-holidays indicate higher ozone pollution compared to nitrogen dioxide. Ozone pollution is particularly unhealthy and very unhealthy during holiday periods, especially along the coastal areas, while non-holiday days show cleaner and healthier air quality. The pollution index map illustrates higher ozone pollution in coastal cities during holidays compared to other regions, emphasizing the impact of tourists. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of Sentinel 5 satellite in monitoring air pollution and underscores the significant influence of tourists and transportation on Mazandaran province's air quality. The findings advocate for sustainable tourism practices to mitigate the adverse effects on Mazandaran's air quality during holidays.

Wellness tourism is a tourist activity that has become popular in society nowadays as an alternative to carrying out non-pharmacological therapy to achieve body balance, mind, and spirit. Bali is a popular destination for wellness activities such as SPAs, yoga, and meditation. This research aims to analyze the pull and push factors influencing tourists’ choice of wellness tourism in Bali. This cross-sectional descriptive research uses yogists who come to Bali Eling Spirit as samples. The target population was all yogis in Bali Eling Spirit Yoga Centre. The sample was selected by consecutive sampling; all yogists were recruited as samples and met inclusion criteria. This research used a questionnaire method to collect data. The measuring indicators in this questionnaire use a Likert scale. This study adopted a questionnaire that existed in previous research. The location of this research was Gianyar Regency, namely Bali Eling Spirit. The results show that most samples were women who chose yogas as wellness tourism, and push and pull factors were in high classification. Yoga is the type of wellness that respondents most frequently practice. Respondents chose Yoga in Bali Eling Spirit because of its simple technique and cheap price. Pull and push factors for tourists choosing wellness tourism in Bali Eling Spirit receive high scores for healing, Bali's natural beauty, and various types of wellness. Further research must be conducted to apply this pull and push factor in other wellness types.

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Background: Miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are a dynamic component responsible for genome evolution. Tourist MITEs are derived from and mobilized by elements from the harbinger superfamily. Objective: In this study, a novel family of Tourist-like MITE was characterized in wild soybean species Glycine falcata. The new GftoMITE1 was initially discovered as an insertional polymorphism of the centromere-specific histone H3 (CenH3) gene in G. falcata. Methods: Using polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequencing approaches, we showed a high number of copies of the GftoMITE1 family. Extensive bioinformatic analyses revealed the genome-level distribution and locus-specific mapping of GftoMITE1 members in Glycine species. Results: Our results provide the first extensive characterization of the GftoMITE1 family and contribute to the understanding of the evolution of MITEs in the Glycine genus. Genome-specific GftoMITE1 was prominent in perennial wild soybean species, but not in annual cultivated soybean (Glycine max) or its progenitor (Glycine soja). Conclusions: We discuss that the GftoMITE1 family reveals a single rapid amplification in G. falcata and could have potential implications for gene regulation and soybean breeding as an efficient genetic marker for germplasm utilization in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study provides an analysis of micro-mobility use in Jeju City, focusing on how individual choices between e-bikes, e-scooters, and e-motorcycles are influenced by a combination of personal, environmental, and contextual factors. Drawing on data from a local micro-mobility provider from April to December 2022, the research employs multinomial logistic regression to examine the impact of various determinants on the selection of micro-mobility options. The results reveal unique findings, with significant variations in mode choice correlating with gender, age, and region. Also, usage time of micro-mobility emerged as a crucial determinant, suggesting a relationship between trip length and selected mobility. Additionally, environmental variables, particularly temperature, were found to substantially impact users' choices, reflecting the sensitivity of micro-mobility demand to weather fluctuations. Insights from this study suggest the importance of integrating responsive service design for micro-mobility that addresses the multifaceted needs of users in tourist cities, emphasizing environmental considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study This aiming for analyze adoption cashless payment technology by MSMEs in the Village Marinsouw, a area ongoing tourism developing in North Sulawesi. With use method qualitative and approach studies case, research this involving interviews and observations direct with UMKM owners, stakeholders interests, as well as tourists who become user main cashless payment. Data analyzed in a way thematic use device soft Nvivo For identify theme key like adoption technology, challenges, and impact from implementation of cashless payments operational business and satisfaction customers. Research results show that factor main influencing factors level adoption are Usage Rate (UR) and type cashless services used, especially QRIS. Technological Barriers (TB), such as problem network, and Trust in the System (TS) is still become challenge significant, although support government (Government Support - GS) is proven help speed up adoption. Cashless payment is proven increasing Operational Efficiency (OE) and Increased Income (II) for MSMEs, while from perspective tourists, Ease of Use (EU) and Customer Satisfaction (CS) become factor booster main. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Kotagede, the capital of the ancient Mataram Kingdom and currently an area in the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia, is known as a ‘real living museum’. It was previously a residential area with many vital premises and heritage buildings that became a tourist area. Its locally established activities enrich the visual and sound environment of the vicinity. However, it has gradually lost its distinguishing sounds. A series of studies aims to improve the possibility of restoring past soundmarks to preserve the intangible heritage and make living museums as rich as possible. This paper reports the initial stage of the series, which focuses on capturing the rich historical sounds of Kotagede. The study was carefully designed to collect comprehensive data on heritage sounds using qualitative methods consisting of an initial focus group discussion (FGD), in-depth interviews, and a final FGD. These methods resulted in a large amount of data that were processed and classified using the descriptive phenomenology approach with the Colaizzi protocol. The study found that Kotagede has various soundmarks grouped into local and outside sounds. The locally rooted sounds can be grouped into eight categories, some of which can be extended as past and present sounds and a few that have persisted from the past to the present. In the subsequent stage, this classification and local leaders' concerns helped the researchers select and prioritise sounds for preservation and tourism purposes. The study emphasises the importance of choosing suitable participants to provide detailed and comprehensive information.

This study analyzes and explores disaster village tourism and life situation communication, clarifies the form and virtual scenarios, determines building blocks, and suggests sufficient functional requirements to develop virtual tourism scenarios. The questionnaire survey method is direct and effective for identifying questions; the case analysis method surveys the situation of the disaster village tourist attraction; and the theoretical analysis method discusses theories related to Digital Photo Book. The results indicate that tourists are interested in using Digital Photo Book as an information guide. Digital Photo Book's contribution to tourist information is more significant than conventional information, with 77% of tourists believing that the information provided greatly influenced their interest in the future. 70% of respondents stated that the impact of the information provided reached a satisfactory level. Digital Photo Book is more easily accepted and appreciated by tourists and is more suitable to be applied globally in the aspect of tourism, especially in areas with limited access.

Food has long been considered very important in tourism activities and it has a positive effect on tourist satisfaction. Then local cuisine has become an important attraction for tourist destinations and one of the focuses of destination marketing. This study is based on the theory of perceived value, perceived risk theory, and the theory of planned behavior, aiming to understand tourists’ intentions to purchase local cuisine and its influencing factors, choosing Wuhan, China as the study case, and conducting an empirical survey on tourists visiting Wuhan in 2023. Data analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling to test the research hypotheses. The results show that the value of quality, price, emotion, cognition, culture and health can improve tourists’ satisfaction and enhance tourists’ purchase intention of Wuhan cuisine. However, social value and perceived risk have no significant effect on satisfaction and purchase intention, tourists’ satisfaction with Wuhan cuisine positively affects tourists’ attitude, and tourists’ satisfaction. Attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are also key factors to predict tourists’ purchase intention of Wuhan cuisine. The purchase intention model meets the fitting criteria: X²/Df = 1.533, RMSEA = 0.025, CFI = 0.977, IFI = 0.977. The results of this study provide a reference for the competent government departments and related enterprises to promote the development of food tourism in Wuhan.

This manuscript critically assesses progress in tourist experience research. A systematic review of 356 published articles on the tourist experience revealed studies are predominantly guided by the positivist paradigm, psychology-oriented, and survey-based. Quantitative methods dominated by structural equation modelling are prevalent, with advanced methodological approaches emerging, but still in their infancy. Five macro-level trends are articulated to advance discourse on the tourist experience, specifically: an internationalization of authorship; a movement from atheoretical to theoretical; a shift from single to multi-subject view; a trend from correlation analysis to causal inference; and a transformation from behaviourism to cognitivism. This research develops a conceptual model, termed the I-T-A (Issues-Trends-Avenues) framework, to apply the macro-level trends to shape a future research agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kotagede, the capital of the ancient Mataram Kingdom and currently an area in the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia, is known as a 'real living museum'. It was previously a residential area with many vital premises and heritage buildings that became a tourist area. Its locally established activities enrich the visual and sound environment of the vicinity. However, it has gradually lost its distinguishing sounds. A series of studies aims to improve the possibility of restoring past soundmarks to preserve the intangible heritage and make living museums as rich as possible. This paper reports the initial stage of the series, which focuses on capturing the rich historical sounds of Kotagede. The study was carefully designed to collect comprehensive data on heritage sounds using qualitative methods consisting of an initial focus group discussion (FGD), in-depth interviews, and a final FGD. These methods resulted in a large amount of data that were processed and classified using the descriptive phenomenology approach with the Colaizzi protocol. The study found that Kotagede has various soundmarks grouped into local and outside sounds. The locally rooted sounds can be grouped into eight categories, some of which can be extended as past and present sounds and a few that have persisted from the past to the present. In the subsequent stage, this classification and local leaders' concerns helped the researchers select and prioritise sounds for preservation and tourism purposes. The study emphasises the importance of choosing suitable participants to provide detailed and comprehensive information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants, and they can absorb and transfer chemicals, which may cause significant effects on biota and risks to human health. State parks are natural areas highly influenced by seasonal tourist activities. This study investigated the distribution and characterization of MPs, including abundance, size, shape, and color, in seven Virginia State Parks within the James River Watershed (Douthat, Natural Bridge, Holliday Lake, James River, Powhatan, Pocahontas, and Chippokes Plantation State Parks). The MP concentration among the seven locations in the watershed had a significant difference (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0–26.5 particles/L with a mean of 8.33 ± 1.39 particles/L. The mountain region water bodies (Douthat and Natural Bridge) had the lowest MP concentration (< 4 particles/L), while the mainstream water bodies had a significantly higher MP concentration than other water bodies (10–20 particles/L) (p < 0.01). The size, shape, and color of MPs were also significantly different among all locations (p < 0.05). Faded and aged fragments with sizes below 1 mm were the most abundant, suggesting that terrestrial MPs were the most influencing source at most of the State Parks, and weathering effects have played a significant role in the fragmentation of plastics. In addition, a significantly positive relationship between MP concentration and the fraction of overnight guests was found (p < 0.0001). Our study indicated that State Parks and protected areas are polluted by MPs, which may pose potential harm to the surrounding environment, including both wildlife and humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Delphi method was used to gather assessments from 93 experts about drivers of future angling participation by locals and tourist anglers in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The main drivers of future angling participation related to habitat and fish populations, and access to and information about fishing. For Norway and Finland, the predicted future decline in local angler numbers was consistent with a life‐cycle model of recreational fisheries, while the anticipated increase for the three other countries contradicted the model. For tourist anglers, growth was expected for both domestic and foreign tourists. Long‐term and societal drivers, such as urbanization, sociocultural changes, and climate change were not seen as strong drivers, and may be considered out of reach by managers, but should be included with information and conservation drivers in angler recruitment and retention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study draws upon the concept of 'activity space' rooted in human geography and applies it in a contemporary urban context – Macao. Noting the growing trend of urbanisation and the blurring boundary of tourist-resident spaces, this research systematically analyses the mapping and structure of tourist and resident activity spaces, and interprets the tourist-resident interactions through their spatial–temporal behaviours. Global Positioning System data were consolidated to present the results in a visual way. This study contributes to the pool of knowledge by reinforcing the concept of activity space in tourism research. The practical insights can benefit destination planning where tourists and residents co-share spaces in a harmonious setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of tourists visit churches on their holiday without being religious or having any religious motivation. If religion is not important for the visit, what is then central to the tourist experience, and how do tourists describe their church visit? In this article, I examine tourists' church visits and the meaning it gives. In a setting characterized through tourism and religion, and with a special focus on the individual church experience, the personal perspective is prioritized. The data for this study have been collected at the church of Santa Cecilia in Rome, where I have interviewed 12 tourists. The findings show that the experience of escape is an important part of the church visit. Further the findings demonstrate tourists' need to find back to themselves, as a contrast to the busier tourist role. While previous studies of visits to religious sites often emphasize religious identity and holiness, this study indicates that religion is unimportant or subordinate to some extent. The findings therefore provide new knowledge about the significance for tourists of visiting churches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hospitality innovation and perceived value are two factors that play critical roles in determining the level of happiness that tourists experience in the modern business environment. Many studies have investigated perceived value from customers' perceptions and tourist satisfaction. However, to the researchers' extent, there is a dearth in the literature on hospitality innovation. The hotel business in malaysia struggles with a discernible lack of innovation and tourists' happiness. Therefore, this study proposes a theoretical framework for hospitality innovation and the perceived value of tourist satisfaction in malaysian hotels anchored on social exchange and the spread of innovation, which has been given as a response to this research. Within the scope of this study, the independent factors being considered are hospitality innovation and perceived value, whereas the dependent variable being considered is tourist satisfaction. Eight hypotheses have been developed after a comprehensive study of the relevant literature. The current study aims to determine the importance of these hypotheses, especially within the context of malaysian hotels, even though the currently available information implies a positive association between these assumptions in different sectors. The present research seeks to ascertain their significance specifically within the context of malaysian hotels. It is anticipated that further inquiry in this area will address this gap in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducted to examine the influence of sports events on tourists' destination choice behaviour in China. The questionnaire was distributed both online and offline in the area surrounding City-A. The author through personal networks, including family and friends, as well as via WeChat group emails primarily disseminated online questionnaires. The findings reveal that 57.8% of respondents expressed a greater likelihood of attending large sports events, while 59.9% indicated an increased intention to travel to City-A in the future. The occurrence of large-scale sports events has played a significant role in establishing City As brand and has contributed to fostering a sports-oriented cultural environment, which is appealing to tourists. The study also highlights that the decision-making process regarding tourists' destination choices influenced by the presence of large-scale sports events, affecting tourists' behavioural patterns in selecting destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of awareness of positive consequences in nurturing environmentally responsible intention among tourists has been explored in this study and explains the indirect link between awareness of positive consequences and tourists' environmentally responsible intention, mediated by moral elevation and personal norms. The sample of the study consists of 387 tourists from a popular tourist destination in India. The data have been analyzed using structural equation modeling and multiple regression. Results indicate that the awareness of negative consequences influences the ascription of responsibility, which in turn influences personal norms, and ultimately leads to tourists' environmentally responsible intentions. Moreover, awareness of positive consequences induces moral elevation, which positively affects personal norms. More significantly, the study found that the indirect influence of awareness of positive consequences on tourists' environmentally responsible intention is stronger than that of negative consequences, highlighting the importance of emphasizing the positive outcomes of tourists' environmentally responsible behavior in promoting sustainable tourism. The present study makes a distinctive contribution by unraveling the paramount significance of awareness of positive consequences over negative consequences in influencing the intention of tourists to engage in environmentally responsible behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ease the effort made in order to know the behaviour of tourists, it is very useful for marketers to systematize them by types, using for this purpose a whole series of criteria, such as: the preferences they show, the safety in choosing services, the way in which they communicate (both with company staff and with other tourists), individual psychological characteristics, lifestyle, the way in Seen as a process, specialists define this concept as a set of interconnected activities aimed at the movement and stay of people outside their usual places of residence, without them acquiring the character of permanence and working activities (2)which new information is understood and interpreted, reactions to the different variables of the marketing mix, etc. By judging them not individually, but by types, they can be offered differentiated services according to what they want, the rates they consider fair, the answers they receive to their expressed dissatisfaction, etc. For each individual type, marketers will have to take into account the main factors under the influence of which the behaviour of the tourists that the respective type is made up of manifests itself, something that is not exactly easy to achieve (given the great diversity of knowledge - psychological, sociological, economic, legal, etc. – which they must possess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine how user-generated content (UGC) affects travelers' intent to visit, as well as how UGC affects travel choices and offers suggestions for efficient tourism marketing tactics. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted across two reputable databases, ScienceDirect and Scopus, using specific keywords to locate relevant studies. 485 of the 556 articles were deemed relevant when the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. These papers were then thoroughly reviewed to generate a comprehensive study of the topic. The selection process, which included evaluating the titles and abstracts of every article located, produced a careful selection of 71 publications for full-text analysis. Ultimately, 26 papers were chosen for further analysis in this study. The findings from recent studies underscore the significant impact of user-generated content (UGC) on shaping tourists' intentions to visit destinations. This research shows that user-generated content (UGC) emotionally influences tourists' travel intentions, which is crucial for developing more effective and credible tourism marketing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Artvin Coruh University International Journal of Social Sciences (ACUSBD) is the property of Artvin Coruh University International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The study explores the possibility of developing a valid scale for integrated management of heritage sites to bring a holistic approach to heritage properties' conservation practices. Design/methodology/approach: The study followed the exploratory sequential method. An in-depth interview was adopted for exploring indicators, and a questionnaire survey was administered for descriptive analysis. Findings: Cultural resources conservation strategies have been analyzed from a tourist, local communities and stakeholder's perspective with local-specific indicators. The study indicates that a multi-dimensional approach that integrates tourists, local communities and other stakeholders-based indicators can be developed at the destination level for the integrated management of heritage properties. Tourist-centric, local community-specific and stakeholder-oriented approaches could act as catalysts for more pragmatic conservation practices in the local areas based on the site-specific indicators. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited to lesser-known heritage sites located in the southern provincial states of India. The technical conservation strategies on the structure and architecture are not part of the study. Theoretical implications on the study of this kind can contribute to the literature as it throws light on future studies seeking local-centric conservation and management practices of heritage sites hitherto less explored in the domain of conservation science. The scale provides insight into the appropriate form of intervention that the local communities, tourists and other stakeholders can do at the heritage sites, hence the possibility of garnering the attention of other discipline strivings towards the conservation of heritage sites and to apply along with other relevant variables. It is expected that the study might expedite the knowledge accumulation in conservation science. Practical implications: The scale can be used in a similar context for the integrated management of heritage sites. The study can assist the policymakers and planners in seeking the support of stakeholders, local communities and tourists for the implementation of heritage conservation and management programs. Such a local-centric management strategy promoting responsible consumption and production could contribute to SDG 12. Further, the study can also contribute towards SDG 11.4, which calls for strengthening the effort to protect and safeguard cultural and natural heritage. This scale can be a tool for destination management organizations (DMOs) to understand the level of intervention of local communities, tourists and other stakeholders at the heritage site. Social implications: The integrated management approach of heritage conservation immensely helps the lesser-known heritage sites the world over as such structures are out of the focal point of government funding and other conservation efforts. The synergy of the integrated approach could protect lesser-known unfunded heritage sites, and thereby, the cultural reflections of the community concerned can be made available for future visitors' consumption. Originality/value: The study attempted to understand the conservation approaches for lesser-known heritage sites with the support of both demand and supply-side stakeholders. Such a collaborative approach is the first of this kind in the conservation of heritage sites in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBased on a large sample of 30,945 international tourists to Taiwan from 2016 to 2021, this study examines how these tourists make expenditure decisions in Tawan. Simultaneously, we consider various determinants such as travel characteristics, individual characteristics, and satisfaction levels, and the COVID-19 pandemic influence tourists’ decisions regarding their expenditures on accommodation, food, transportation, shopping, and other expenses. Employing a two-stage Heckman approach, the study finds that satisfaction positively affects spending in various categories, highlighting the importance of enhancing visitor satisfaction. Tourists traveling shorter distances allocate more to accommodation, food, and shopping, while repeat visitors prioritize transportation, accommodation, and shopping. Longer stays result in higher transportation and other expenses, while shorter stays lead to increased spending on accommodation, food, and shopping. Gender, age, education, and income levels also influence spending patterns. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted spending, reducing accommodation and transportation expenses but increasing food and shopping spending as tourists adapted to new standards.

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of social media on tourists’ destination decisions in a less digitalized economy through the lens of the uses and gratification theory. Data was collected from 428 local tourists sampled across various tourist destinations in Ghana (a sub-Sahara Africa) using a structured questionnaire. Analysis was carried out using variance-based PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling). The results show that tourist contentment, destination image, behavioral goals, and the availability of tourism information are driving forces of social media usage toward tourism destination decisions. The findings imply that tourism service providers should revise and incorporate the trending social media strategies to enhance their interaction with prospective visitors (customers) to increase their market share and become more competitive. This paper not only broadens the social media marketing literature but offers a comprehensive assessment of the integration of social media given the myriad of challenges besetting users and tourism service providers and discusses its impact in shaping tourist destination decisions in emerging and developing economies. Limitations and avenues for future research are discussed.

Purpose – This study integrates the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and value-belief-norm (VBN) theory to investigate tourists' intention and behaviour to visit green hotels in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 160 valid questionnaire responses were collected via an online survey. The partial least square–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was utilised to assess the study framework and the hypothesised relationship. Findings – The study's results confirmed that tourists' intention to stay at a green hotel is directly influenced by their subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Besides, the study confirms the insignificant relationship between green trust, personal norms and tourists' stay intention. On the other hand, perceived morals, responsibility, willingness to pay more and perceived consumer effectiveness were significant in explaining the customer's subjective norms, personal norms and perceived behaviour control. Research limitations/implications – The hotel industry may benefit from this empirical outcome to devise effective marketing strategies for retaining their customers, particularly in rejuvenating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the industry. Practical implications – This study provides valuable practical implications for green hotel operators to develop effective strategies to attract tourists to green hotel visits. Originality/value – This study is the first to integrate the extended TPB and VBN theory to understand tourist intention to visit a green hotel. Notably, the extended TPB and VBN theory was practical and helpful in predicting tourist intention to visit a green hotel.

Samosir has a wide area and several tourist attractions, making it difficult for visitors to explore the island. Not knowing the route can make the journey less fun and waste time. In general, tourists seek to know the fastest path to a tourist location to save time and money while on vacation. As a result, we require an application that will offer directions to the shortest path. This research aims to develop a web-based application that may display a map of the shortest travel to a tourist site. This website will display a map that marks from the origin point to the destination point. The Branch and Bound algorithm is used to determine the shortest path. The Python libraries OSMnx, Folium, and NetworkX modify paths and show a route map with OpenStreetMap. The error value of the distance between the branch, bound algorithm, and Google Maps is used to get the RMSE accuracy value. The RMSE value is 3.02 and MAPE value is 0.0023 indicating that the application produced already has a good implementation prototype. Furthermore, there is no significant distinction between the appearance of maps implementing OpenStreetMap and Google Maps

Tourism photographs can induce emotions and influence tourists' perceptions of real locations. However, the research on creating guidelines for tourism photography, especially for heritage tourism targeting youth, remains limited and unclear. Hence, the aim of this research is to identify photographic factors that increase the motivation for young tourists (aged 18-25) to visit heritage tourism sites. In September 2023, one hundred onsite questionnaires were distributed to youths at ten famous heritage locations in Bangkok, Thailand. The results of this research present a guideline incorporating seven elements, indicating that young tourists prefer images that are retro, trendy with historical content, tell a story through interesting characters, utilize natural light, have a clean and minimal style of composition, feature a concise and short title, maintain a realistic style of image processing or retouching, and present unseen or interesting locations. Furthermore, youth prefer searching for information and inspiration on social media, and there is no statistically significant difference between the two types of young tourists (nonheritage and heritage tourists) across almost all media. This guideline could be utilized to design effective advertising photographs in any media to inspire and attract young tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Riotinto mining railway is a remarkable construction. Stretching an impressive 348 km it was built between 1873 and 1875 to transport minerals from Riotinto's mining operations to the international port of Huelva. At its height in the 1950's, this monumental railway network had a fleet of 162 locomotives (mostly steam but also diesel and electric) and around 3,300 freight cars and carriages. Towards the end of the 1960's the line began to fall into disuse, and it was closed entirely in 1984. Since the establishment of the Rio Tinto Foundation in 1987, dedicated efforts have been made to preserve this invaluable railway heritage and today, the fruits of their labor can be enjoyed at the Riotinto Mining Park where tourists can ride a fully restored 22 km section of this historic rail network. The park is highly successful and has recovered strongly after the COVID-19 pandemic attracting a record 96,935 visitors in 2022. The majority of the park's tourists are from Spain but also a significant number are international (principally from Germany) highlighting the global importance of this site and the railway as a sustainable heritage tourism destination. Taking the restoration of the Riotinto mining railway as a case study, we aim to demonstrate the transformative power of the preservation and restoration of industrial heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]