Search

The present study was designed to assess the phytochemical contents as well as the in vitro biological activities fruit of Rosa pisiformis and possible in vivo cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties of the aqueous extract of R. pisiformis fruit on trace elements (cadmium, selenium, nickel, zinc, iron, copper, cobalt, chromium, manganese, lead), minerals (sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium), glutathione and malondialdehyde in heart and liver tissue samples, serum vitamin (retinol, cholecalciferol, phylloquinone, α-tocopherol), total sialic acid, and lipid-bound sialic acid in a rat model of isoproterenol-induced oxidative damage. In the study, 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of ten each: control, isoproterenol 100 mg/kg bodyweight; isoproterenol 100 mg/kg bodyweight; then R. pisiformis 300 mg/kg bodyweight, and R. pisiformis 300 mg/kg bodyweight. Rats were given isoproterenol twice at an interval of 24 h for two days (on days 28 and 29) subcutaneously. The experimental period was maintained at 30 days. According to analysis results, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid were found to be the high contents of the fruit extracts at 6.01 ± 0.0006 and 3.93 ± 0.007 mg/100 g dry weight. It showed that R. pisiformis (300 mg/kg bodyweight) aqueous extract had a potent action on oxidative damage. The R. pisiformis (300 mg/kg bodyweight) treatment significantly alleviated toward normalcy on the zinc, manganese, cobalt, magnesium, and sodium values in the heart, and zinc and magnesium values in liver tissue samples. These positive effects may be related to the action of p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid present in the R. pisiformis 300 mg/kg and it has hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties that could protect from myocardial damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol against fumonisin B1 (FB1)-induced liver toxicity, as, to the best of our knowledge, these effects have not been investigated yet, even though the toxic effects and mechanisms of FB1 and the antioxidative effects of resveratrol are well known. 40 BALB/c mice were divided into control, FB1, resveratrol, and FB1+resveratrol groups. Control received saline for 14 days. The FB1 group received 2.25 mg/kg FB1 every other day for 14 days. The resveratrol group received 10 mg/kg resveratrol for 14 days. The FB1+resveratrol group received 2.25 mg/kg FB1 every other day and 10 mg/kg resveratrol every day for 14 days. All administrations were peritoneal. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total sialic acid (TSA) levels were analysed in serum samples, while total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured in the liver. Additionally, the liver tissue was examined for histopathological changes. AST, ALT, and TSA were significantly higher in the FB1 group than control. Resveratrol countered FB1 effects for all parameters, including TOS and TAS. Liver histology showed FB1-induced hyperaemia, infiltrations, and megalokaryosis in some hepatocytes. No pathological findings were detected in the control, resveratrol, or FB1+resveratrol group. Our findings confirm resveratrol’s protective effect against liver damage and oxidative stress caused by FB1. In addition, they suggest that increased serum TSA levels can be used as a biomarker of FB1-induced hepatotoxicity.

The objective of present study was to examine endometrial tissue Be, As, Cr, Mo, Sr, Ti, Tl, Cu, Co, Se, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cd, Pb, Mg, P, erythrocytes CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, GSH, MDA, serum retinol, cholecalciferol, phylloquinone, TSA, LSA, TOS, and TAS status and to evaluate the relationships between the variables. The study had 110 participants; of these, 50 were women with uterine myoma (UM), 10 were women with endometrial cancer (EC), and 50 were healthy female subjects. In the study, vitamin analyses by HPLC and element analyses were determined using ICP-OES method. It was observed that EC group was significantly lower than healthy group in terms of levels of cholecalciferol (p < 0.05), phylloquinone (p < 0.01), GSH (p < 0.05), Fe (p < 0.05), and had a significant rise in Mg/Fe (p < 0.01) and Zn/Fe (p < 0.05) in preoperative period. UM group had significantly lower retinol (p < 0.05), phylloquinone (p < 0.001), GSH-Px (p < 0.01), GSH (p < 0.01), Cr (p < 0.01), Cu (p < 0.05), Mg (p < 0.01), and Zn (p < 0.01) levels than control group in preoperative period and significantly higher levels of MDA (p < 0.01), TSA (p < 0.01), and LSA (p < 0.01) than control group. It was found that significant associations were observed between Cu–CA 15–3 (r = 0.558, p = 0.016), Mn–CA 15–3 (r = 0.511, p = 0.030), P–CA 15–3(r = − 0.502, p = 0.034) and with UM, also between GSH–CA-125 (r = − 0.825, p = 0.022) and with EC group. The results of correlation analysis observed that concentrations of Cu, Mn, P, and GSH together with CA 15–3 and CA-125 levels might be important for monitoring patients with UM and EC before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology / Arhiv za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Firat Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Veteriner Dergisi is the property of Firat Universitesiu, Saglik Bilimleri Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The common type of cancer among women is epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC); this is because there aren't sufficient early diagnostic indicators. Each tumor marker has a special set of use for screening, diagnosing, evaluating response to therapy, and monitoring for cancer recurrence. Objective: The aim of the current is to assess role of biochemical markers in diagnosis of ovarian cancer patients, such as serum total sialic acid, Glycoprotein, Ferritin, and Cancer Antigen 125. Additionally, the impacts of oxidative stress in cancer cells that initiate apoptotic pathways will be investigated. Patients and Methods: The participants of this study comprised 36 women with epithelial ovarian cancer patients, and 36 women with benign ovarian mass (pathological controls). Other 36 women were considered normal healthy controls, who attended for treatment in Al-Amal National Cancer Hospital from January 2022 till June 2022. Results: Epithelial ovarian cancer patients had a mean age of 52.8 (SD 9.7) years, and benign ovarian mass (pathological controls) had a mean age of 49.6 (SD 5.9) years. Normal healthy controls had mean age of 50.7 (SD 3.8) years. Serum TSA, glycoprotein, ferritin, and CA-125, can provides useful information for patients in a diagnosis of ovarian cancer particularly in early-stage disease. Ferritin discriminates between healthy controls and patients with epithelial ovary cancer's, particularly in early-stage disease. In order to test for EOC, serum ferritin and CA125 together offer highest level of diagnostic efficiency. Conclusion: Early identification and diagnosis of metastasis in women with ovarian cancer is beneficial for therapy and can be utilized to determine why cancer cells develop chemoresistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction: In this study, patients before and after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and control subjects were evaluated for erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities, in addition to glutathione, malondialdehyde, serum total sialic acid, lipid-bound sialic acid, total antioxidant status, trace elements and mineral levels. The correlation of these variables with coronary artery disease (CAD) was also assessed. Methods: A total of 30 CAD patients and 30 control subjects were included in the study. CAD patients were divided into three groups: before surgery (BS), first day after surgery (1st day AS) and seventh day after surgery (7th day AS). Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels were significantly higher in CAD (BS) than in the control group (P

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality in most countries. Many risk factors such as high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, age, sex, obesity, smoking, and family history play a role in CAD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of Total Sialic Acid (TSA) and Lipid Profiles (LP) with the Severity of the Vessel in patients with non-smoker and diabetic CAD, so that by measuring these parameters, effective help for diagnosis and prevention for healthy people Prone to CAD, and also control the treatment of patients. Methods: In this study, 200 individual including 160 patient and 40 control group were considered. All patient groups were non-smokers and diabetic. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the results of angiography: Patients with Normal angiography (n = 40) with one eclipse (n = 40), patients with double stenosis (n = 40) and patients with eclipse Three vessels (n = 40). The control group was chosen from people who had no history of CAD and other diseases. The lipid profile was measured by standard methods and serum total sialic acid was measured by ELISA method. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age and sex, but there was a significant difference in family history (p

Sialic acid is a terminal component of carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The present study estimated total sialic acid (TSA) and its ratio with total proteins (TP), in serum and saliva of preeclampsia. The study further investigated the association of these parameters with clinical variables of disease progression. 50 preeclampsia patients (32 mild preclampsia and 18 severe preeclampsia cases) and 50 pregnant controls were included in the study. Serum and salivary free sialic acid, protein bound sialic acid and TP were measured spectrophotometrically. Serum and salivary TSA and its ratio with TP were calculated. There was a significant increase in serum TSA and its ratio with TP in preeclampsia compared to the controls. The increase reflected with the severity of the disease. Serum TSA and TSA/TP showed a significant positive correlation with blood pressure, proteinuria and a significant negative correlation with infant birth weight. In saliva, there was no statistical difference between TSA in preeclampsia and controls. Salivary TSA/TP increased significantly in preeclampsia. However the increase was not in accordance to the disease severity. Salivary TSA and TSA/TP were not significantly associated with any of the clinical parameters of disease progression. Significant increase in seum TSA reflects the disturbance in sialyation of serum proteins in preeclampsia, that could not be depicted in the saliva of these patients. Disturbance in serum protein sialyation is further exaggerated with the severity of the disease. Serum TSA and TSA/TP and not the respective salivary parameters, could serve as useful indicators in assessment of clinical progression of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypodermosis is a parasitic disease, which is caused by larvae of Hypoderma lineatum and Hypoderma bovis flies in cattle and causes damage on the skin. It causes economic losses due to decrease in meat and milk yield, growth deficiency and being of no use in leather processing as a result of perforation of the leather. The aim of this study was to define the oxidative-antioxidative capacity and total sialic acid levels in cattle with hypodermosis. A total of 90 cattle was used in the study, among those, 30 with hypodermosis and 60 antibody-negative healthy bovine sera were used according to ELISA test results to investigate the biochemical parameters. Biochemical analysis included total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total sialic acid (TSA). TAC value was found to be statistically significantly lower (P

Rizwan Qaisar,1 Asima Karim,1,2 Tahir Muhammad3 1Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 2University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; 3Department of Biochemistry, Gomal Medical College, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, PakistanCorrespondence: Rizwan QaisarDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesTel +971 6 505 7254Email rqaisar@sharjah.ac.aePurpose: COPD is a multisystem disease and there is a need for clinical serum markers that can assess the decline in lung and muscle function in COPD. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential association of serum club-cell protein 16 (CC16), α-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and total sialic acid (TSA) with spirometry, hand-grip strength and quality of life to assess important disease outcomes.Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study and data were collected from the patients at teaching hospitals of Gomal University and the University of Health Sciences in Pakistan. The study population included 1582 participants (Non-COPD; N = 788, COPD; N = 845) > 55 years of age from both sexes, with data from structural interviews, clinical examinations, laboratory investigations, spirometry and hand-grip strength measurements.Results: Serum TSA and CC16 were significant predictors of FEV1% (p < 0.05) and hand-grip strength in advanced stages of COPD (p < 0.05 each) in both sexes. Men had higher absolute and adjusted hand-grip strength than women in all groups (p < 0.05). Hand-grip strength was significantly associated with FEV1% in both genders (p < 0.05) with stronger effect in women (r2 = 0.075). Serum HDL-C was an independent predictor of hand-grip strength and FEV1% (p < 0.05) in both genders. Participants with extreme problem on EQ-5D parameters had more severe COPD and reduced hand-grip strength (all p values < 0.05).Conclusion: Taken together, these studies show that the serum expressions of TSA and CC16 have correlations with spirometry and muscle decline in COPD. Further studies should be conducted to establish their efficacy in monitoring disease progression in COPD.Keywords: club cell protein 16, α-1 acid glycoprotein, total sialic acid, EQ-5D, HDL-C

Total sialic acid content (TSA) in biotherapeutic proteins is often a critical quality attribute as it impacts the drug efficacy. Traditional wet chemical assays to quantify TSA in biotherapeutic proteins during cell culture typically takes several hours or longer due to the complexity of the assay which involves isolation of sialic acid from the protein of interest, followed by sample preparation and chromatographic based separation for analysis. Here, we developed a machine learning model-based technology to rapidly predict TSA during cell culture by using typically measured process parameters. The technology features a user interface, where the users only have to upload cell culture process parameters as input variables and TSA values are instantly displayed on a dashboard platform based on the model predictions. In this study, multiple machine learning algorithms were assessed on our dataset, with the Random Forest model being identified as the most promising model. Feature importance analysis from the Random Forest model revealed that attributes like viable cell density (VCD), glutamate, ammonium, phosphate, and basal medium type are critical for predictions. Notably, while the model demonstrated strong predictability by Day 14 of observation, challenges remain in forecasting TSA values at the edges of the calibration range. This research not only emphasizes the transformative power of machine learning and soft sensors in bioprocessing but also introduces a rapid and efficient tool for sialic acid prediction, signaling significant advancements in bioprocessing. Future endeavors may focus on data augmentation to further enhance model precision and exploration of process control capabilities., (© 2024 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.)

The aim of present work was to evaluate and compare the salivary levels of nitric oxide, vitamin C, Total Sialic acid and GSH in cases of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and healthy controls. The mean nitric oxide level was 27.34±5.51 μmol/l in OSCC group, 22.5±2.33 μmol/l in OPMD group and 10.11±0.88μmol/l in control group. The glutathione reductase activity in control patients was found to be 0.0915 U/ml under optimal pH, temperature and Km. In OPMD group, the GR activity was found to be 0.0515 U/ml. Similarly, the activity in the OSCC group was found to be 0.0292 U/ml. The total sialic acid (TSA) in the saliva of control patients was found to be 41.241±5.3312μg/mL. In the case of OPMD patients, it was 64.25±4.33μg/mL and in the OSCC patients it was, 79.60±6.93 μg/mL., The levels of salivary vitamin C and glutathione were significantly reduced and those of nitric oxide and sialic acid were raised in patients having OPMD’s and oral squamous cell carcinoma. The anti-oxidant to oxidant index (AOI) was measured between NO and vitamin C; NO and GSH; total sialic acid and vitamin C and lastly, total sialic acid and GSH. Thus, the findings of the present study indicate that estimation of Vitamin C, NO, GSH and sialic acid can be suitably used and could assist in the early diagnosis of potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer using saliva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of chitosan (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on serum and tissue (liver, kidney, brain and testis) total sialic acid (TSA) level was investigated in rats with experimental fluorosis. The groups were formed as control, sodium fluoride (NaF), NaF+chitosan (NaF+CH), NaF+chitosan oligosaccharide (NaF+COS), chitosan (CH) and chitosan oligosaccharide (COS). Drinking water of NaF groups was prepared at a concentration of 100 ppm sodium fluoride. Chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharide were given to Experimental groups as 250 mg/kg dose by gastric gavage for ninety days. At the end of the study, TSA level was determined in serum, liver, kidney, brain and testicular tissues. Compared with the control group, it was found that TSA levels increased in serum, liver, kidney, brain and testis tissues in the group treated with sodium fluoride (p<0.05). According to the NaF group, there was a significant decrease in serum levels in the NaF+CH group and in the serum, liver and kidney tissues in the NaF+COS group. It was determined that there was no difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of brain tissue sialic acid level (p>0.05). In conclusion, it can be thought that fluorine intoxication causes an increase in TSA levels by causing cell damage in serum and tissues. In the study presented, CH and COS have been shown to reduce TSA levels. Also, in this study, COS was found to be more effective in reducing the TSA level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a major cause of mortality in most countries. Many risk factors such as high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, age, sex, obesity, smoking, and family history play a role in CAD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of Total Sialic Acid (TSA) and Lipid Profiles (LP) with the Severity of the Vessel in patients with non-smoker and diabetic CAD, so that by measuring these parameters, effective help for diagnosis and prevention for healthy people Prone to CAD, and also control the treatment of patients. Methods: In this study, 200 individual including 160 patient and 40 control group were considered. All patient groups were non-smokers and diabetic. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to the results of angiography: Patients with Normal angiography (n = 40) with one eclipse (n = 40), patients with double stenosis (n = 40) and patients with eclipse Three vessels (n = 40). The control group was chosen from people who had no history of CAD and other diseases. The lipid profile was measured by standard methods and serum total sialic acid was measured by ELISA method. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age and sex, but there was a significant difference in family history (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in serum glucose level between the patient and the control group (p<0.05), Also hs-CRP serum levels were normal in two patient and control groups. Serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL in patient group were significantly higher than that of the control group but HDL serum level was adverse (p <0.05), Also TSA serum level in the patient group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum Total Sialic Acid level in non-smoker and diabetic CAD patients has a significant increase compared to the control group. It seems that the above biochemical parameters contribute significantly to the development and progression of atherosclerosis and CAD, by which timely measurements of these parameters in healthy individual probably can be helpful in preventing and improving CAD and controlling the treatment of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malathion is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide used in the agricultural industry. Our study aimed to investigate the protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against malathion by examining histopathological and biochemical parameters. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in this study. Groups formed; group I (control), only 5 ml kg-1 oral corn oil; group II (malathion), 40 mg kg-1 malathion by gavage; group III (malathion+CAPE), intraperitoneal (i.p.) CAPE (10 μmol kg-1) followed by intragastric malathion (40 mg kg-1) after 1 hour; group IV (CAPE), intraperitoneal CAPE (10 μmol kg-1). At the end of the administrations, rats were anesthetised with ketamine/xylazine intraperitoneally and euthanasia was performed with cervical dislocation. Their intracardiac blood was drawn under anaesthesia, and after the euthanasia, their liver tissues were removed for histopathological analysis. In group II that was treated with malathion, cell infiltrations around the central and portal vein, degeneration and focal necrosis areas in the liver were detected. Although the histopathological findings observed in the malathion group were also encountered in group III (malathion+CAPE), lesions were less severe. In the malathion group II, total oxidant status (TOS) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels in plasma increased compared with the control group, while total antioxidant status (TAS) decreased compared with the control group. In the Malathion+CAPE group III, it was observed that biochemical parameters were closer to the control group. In malathion-treated rats, it was determined that CAPE reduced the degeneration in the liver and it could have a protective effect by partially correcting oxidative stress parameters. It was concluded based on our findings that malathion, which is an organophosphate compound, makes toxic effects in the liver, but that CAPE has a protective potential because it partially reduces the severity and frequency of histopathological lesions and it brings biochemical values closer to normal. [Med-Science 2018; 7(3.000): 604-9]

The present study aimed to investigate whether sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), paraoxonase (PON), total sialic acid (TSA), and heat shock protein-27 (HSP27) are altered in the sheep during infection of the liver with Cysticercus tenuicollis. This study was conducted on40 healthy sheep and40 sheep with Cysticercus tenuicollis infection. The infected and non-infected animals were selected based on the observation of severe Cysticercus tenuicollis infection in the liver and absence of any hepatic cysts, respectively. All parameters were measured in serum and plasma. The results revealed a significant decrease (P

In this study were investigated serum TSA, total protein, albumin, globulin, BUN, AST, ALP, LDH, Ca, P, Mg in cattle with botulism. This study material consisted of 6 cattle control and 8 Holstein cow at aged between 3 and 7, diagnosed with botulismus symptoms loss of tonus in the tongue and chin, difficulty swallow and chew, shake walking, lameness, reduction in pupils and anal reflex, paralysis in the front and back legs, rest on the chest, lay head down. In this study serum concentration was measured using a nefelometer and autoanalyzer, TSA, total protein, albümin, globülin, BUN, AST, ALP, LDH, Ca, P, Mg in healthy cattle and cattle with botulism. Mouse inoculation test maked in silage and the blood serum of the animals with botilusmus, Clostridium botulinum type D and type C toxin were determined. Serum ALP, LDH, albumin, globülin, total protein, Ca, P, Mg did not differ statistically significant between two groups that total sialic acid and AST concentration increased statistic in botulism cows compared with healthy cows. Consequently, total sialic acid and enzyme researched may prove beneficial laboratory findings in animals with botulism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypodermosis is a parasitic disease, which is caused by larvae of Hypoderma lineatum and Hypoderma bovis flies in cattle and causes damage on the skin. It causes economic losses due to decrease in meat and milk yield, growth deficiency and being of no use in leather processing as a result of perforation of the leather. The aim of this study was to define the oxidative-antioxidative capacity and total sialic acid levels in cattle with hypodermosis. A total of 90 cattle was used in the study, among those, 30 with hypodermosis and 60 antibody-negative healthy bovine sera were used according to ELISA test results to investigate the biochemical parameters. Biochemical analysis included total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total sialic acid (TSA). TAC value was found to be statistically significantly lower (P<0.01), TOC, OSI and TSA values were found to be higher (P<0.05) in cattle with hypodermosis compared to the control group. It was concluded that hypodermosis caused significant changes in sialic acid concentration and oxidative-antioxidative capacity, which are indicators of acute phase response in cattle with hypodermosis. It is thought that these obtained findings can particularly contribute to determination and diagnosis of inflammation intensity in disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco chewing is one of the known risk factors for oral cancer and it is widely consumed by residents of India. The present study was aimed at assessing the free and total sialic acid in the saliva and compared among smokers and tobacco chewers. In order to quantify the total and free sialic acid concentration in saliva, A total of 20 patients (n=20) were selected from the department of oral medicine and radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, and divided two different groups. Group-I served as smokers while Group-II served as tobacco chewers. The sialic acid concentrations were measured by standard biochemical methods and data obtained were statistically analyzed using spectrophotometer. Results of the present study showed that the total sialic acid concentration was found to be higher in the tobacco chewers (14.78±1.20 mg/dl) compared to smokers (9.23±0.56 mg/dl). Similarly, free sialic acid concentration was also significantly higher in the tobacco chewers (25.25±1.82mg/dl) than smokers (16.65±1.37). In both the groups studied, the free sialic acid concentration was higher in tobacco chewers (Group-II) than the total free sialic acid (Group-I). Our present finding indicates that the free sialic and total sialic acid levels are higher in group B (Tobacco Chewers) than group A (Smokers). Our present findings clearly show that salivary total and free sialic acid levels were significantly higher in the tobacco chewers when compared to the people who are having smoking habits which could be due to the carcinogenic effect of smokeless tobacco (Tobacco chewers). It is concluded from the present findings that measurement of total and free sialic acid in saliva may be useful in early detection of oral cancer progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed at the determination of oxidative stress and total sialic acid (TSA) levels in dogs naturally infested with Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. The study material comprised a total of 35 animals, including 25 infested dogs (15 females and 10 males) of different age, sex and breed, which were diagnosed with scabies upon being referred to the clinic of the Internal Medicine Department of Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with signs of pruritus and exanthema, and 10 healthy dogs (5 females and 5 males) also of different age, sex and breed, which were maintained for control purposes. The presence of oxidative stress was determined based on serum nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAG) levels. These levels were measured as 24.97±4.09 nmol/ml, 18.16±2.21 μmol/L, 7.6±1.25 μmol H2O2 Equiv/L, and 6.57±1.16 mmol Trolox Equiv/L, respectively, in the infested dogs, and as 8.95±1.24 nmol/ml, 9.05±1.55 μmol/L, 8.25±1.26 μmol H2O2 Equiv/L, and 1.59±0.11 mmol Trolox Equiv/L, respectively, in the control group. Serum TSA levels ranged between 91.94±7.63 mg/dl in the infested dogs and 65.12±5.69 mg/dl in the healthy control dogs. The statistical comparison of these measurements showed that the MDA, NO, TAG, and TSA levels of the infested dogs were significantly higher than those of the healthy control subjects (p<0.001). The serum TOC levels of the infested and healthy dogs were found not to differ statistically (P>0.05). In result, when compared to the control group, the significantly higher serum MDA and NO levels of the dogs naturally infested with Sarcoptes sca-biei var. canis pointed out to an increase in oxidative stress, whilst the higher serum TSA levels of the infested dogs were indicative of cellular damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis is an important disease with an increasing incidence that leads to serious losses in physical function and adversely affecting the life quality of women especially in postmenopausal period. Age, genetic structure, vitamin D and K abnormalities, estrogen deficiency, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are considered among the most important risk factors for osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the plasma paraoxonase (PON1) activity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total sialic acid (TSA) and total oxidant/antioxidant status (TOS/TAS) of patients with osteoporosis in this study. Comparisons of 25 female patients diagnosed with osteoporosis aged between 51-67 and 10 healthy women between the ages ranged 50-68 were made in this study. PON1 activity, HDL, TSA, TOS and TAS levels were measured by spectrophotometrical method in plasma samples that obtained from blood samples of patients and healthy individuals. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Plasma PON1 activity, TAS and HDL levels were significantly lower in patiens with osteoporosis than the healty group (p [Med-Science 2017; 6(3.000): 479-82]

Zoonoses are defined by the world health organization as diseases and infections which are transmitted naturally between vertebrate animals and human. Undestanding the zoonotic risk posed by pox viruses in companion animals is important for both human and animal health. contagious ecthyma is highly contagious, zoonotic, viral skin disease that affects sheep, goats and some other domesticated and wild animals. In this present study was detected and evaluated levels of plasma paraoxonase activity (PON1), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total sialic acid (TSA), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and total blood glutathione (GSH) concentrations in healthy sheep and natural infected sheeps with ecthyma. In healthy sheep, laboratory results were determined as PON1 218.54±17.93 U/L, TSA 59.89±5.59 mg/ dL, HDL 48.4±4.88 mg/dL, MDA 8.58±0.80 μmol/L, NO 7.78±1.02 μmol/L and GSH 21.11±3.70 mg/dL. These values were found 174.92±18.68 U/L, 70.1±6.56 mg/dL, 37.9±6.47 mg/dL, 11.26±1.06 µmol/L, 12.44±1.90 µmol/L, 7.79±0.90 mg/dL respectively in sheeps wich are infected by ecthyma. As a result, it was concluded that there is oxidative stress due to imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant molecules in sheep which are infected by ecthyma, and this imbalance is shaped by increasing oxidant levels.

Background: The synthesis and glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids take place in the liver. Thus, liver diseases may affect serum concentrations of some carbohydrate derivatives, especially the concentration of sialic acid which is attached to the end of oligosaccharide chains. The aim of this study was to measure and compare the serum concentration of total sialic acid in chronic hepatitis B and C. The hypothesis is that both viruses responsible for the development of inflammation work differently at the cellular level.Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 90 patients suffering from liver diseases: 50 from chronic hepatitis B and 40 from chronic hepatitis C at the time of diagnosis. The total sialic acid concentration in the serum was measured according to the enzymatic method using a colorimetric procedure.Results: The mean total sialic acid concentration in patients with chronic hepatitis B was significantly lower than the mean concentration in the healthy group, while in patients with chronic hepatitis C, it was significantly higher than that in healthy people and in patients suffering from chronic hepatitis B. There were no significant differences in total sialic acid concentrations in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C according to the grade of portal/periportal activity, the grade of lobular activity and the stage of fibrosis.Conclusions: We conclude that chronic viral hepatitis affects the total serum concentration of sialic acid. Moreover, the concentration of total sialic acid may be a useful marker to differentiate between chronic hepatitis B and C but is not useful for evaluation of the progression of these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate and establish the role of total sialic acid (TSA) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-seven patients with T2DM with nephropathy (DN) and 162 patients of T2DM without nephropathy (DM) along with 165 unrelated age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum glucose (fasting and postprandial) levels, renal profile, and lipid profile were done as per standard protocol. Serum TSA test levels and hs-CRP level were evaluated using thiobarbituric acid assay and immunoturbidimetric method respectively. Results: We observed a higher concentration of serum TSA (82.67 ± 6.63 mg/dl) and hs-CRP (3.2 ± 1.44 mg/L) in diabetic nephropathy than the diabetes mellitus group (73.83 ± 6.90 mg/dl and 2.07 ± 1.32 mg/L, respectively). Both TSA and hs-CRP levels were found significantly correlated with fasting and postprandial blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, and urine microalbumin levels in both DM and DN groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that both TSA and hs-CRP was independently associated with diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion: High serum TSA and hs-CRP levels may increase the microangiopathic (diabetic nephropathy) complications of T2DM.

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on Paraoxonase (PON1) activity, and levels of lipid profile, total sialic acid (TSA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) in the plasma and brain tissue of mice with chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CPF)-induced Parkinson. Material and method In the study, 35 male Swiss albino mice were divided into 5 groups including equal number of mice as follows; intraperitoneal injection of saline for mice in control (C) group, subcutaneous injection of 80 mg/kg CPF for CPF group, intraperitoneal injection of 10 μmol/kg CAPE for CAPE group, subcutaneous injection of 80 mg/kg CPF and intraperitoneal injection of 10 μmol/kg CAPE for CPF + CAPE group and intraperitoneal injection of 10% ethanol diluted in physiological saline solution for 21 days for ethanol (E) group. All the mice were fed with normal feed and tap water ad libitum . At the end of the study, PON1 activity, lipid profile (except for brain), and TSA, TAC and TOC levels in the plasma and brain tissue were analyzed. Tissue samples of brain substantia nigra were evaluated histopathologically. Results Levels of plasma TAC, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and PON1 activity were statistically lower in CPF group than the other groups (P < 0.001). Also, levels of plasma TOC, TSA, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were statistically higher in CPF group than the other groups(P < 0.001). PON1 activity and level of TAC were significantly lower in brain tissue of CPF groups (P < 0.001). In addition, TOC and TSA levels were significantly higher in brain tissue in CPF group (P < 0.001). Conclusion In conclusion, CAPE showed a protective effect on PON1 activity and levels of lipid profile, TSA, TAC and TOC in plasma and brain tissue and prevented the neurodegenerations in brain tissue in CPF-induced Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Razi Institute is the property of Institut Razi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: Increased quantities of glycoconjugates such as Total Sialic Acid (TSA) and Lipid-bound Sialic Acid (LSA) have been detected in the plasma and serum of patients with various malignancies, indicating their usefulness in diagnosis or monitoring of the treatment modality. Aims: (1) To estimate and compare the serum TSA and LSA levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients before and after radiotherapy, as also in healthy individuals. (2) To determine the correlation, if any, between Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging and levels of TSA and LSA. (3) To determine the use of serum TSA and LSA as biomarkers of OSCC. Settings and Design: The study was designed as a case-control study and was undertaken in a dental college and cancer hospital. Materials and Methods: It was planned to estimate the serum TSA and LSA levels of 20 healthy individuals and of 20 OSCC patients, spectrophotometrically; before starting and one month after completion of radiotherapy. Statistical Analysis: The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 10.0) was used. Results: The mean serum TSA and LSA levels in OSCC patients decreased significantly after radiotherapy; however, they were still higher than the levels in the controls. In untreated OSCC patients, a statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the TNM stage of the disease and the serum TSA levels; but the same was not found between the TNM stage of the disease and the serum LSA levels. In OSCC, the serum TSA and LSA levels had a positive relationship with the TNM stages. These levels decreased significantly after radiotherapy. Conclusion: Serum TSA and LSA can be utilized as potential diagnostic and prognostic indicators in OSCC.

Paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme has important role in various pathological processes, including inflammatory response, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, and recently also in ovarian dysfunction. We aimed to evaluate relation high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels and PON1 activity and total sialic acid status (TSA) levels in serum of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy individuals. Twenty PCOS patients (PCOS group) and 20 healthy nonhyperandrogenic women (control group) were studied in the current study. Levels of HDL, TSA, and activity of PON1 were measured in serum of PCOS patients. Levels of PON1 activity and level of HDL were significantly lower in the PCOS group than in the control group. TSA levels were higher in the PCOS group than the control group. There was also a significant correlation between the parameters and syndrome initiation. In conclusion, patients with PCOS had low values of PON1 and HDL, although they have high TSA levels. It might be hypothesized that elevated serum TSA, HDL and PON1 may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk in PCOS and/or menstrual irregularities associated with this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Detection of cancer at an early stage is of utmost importance to decrease the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Apart from the conventional biopsy, non-invasive methods like analysis of serum and saliva may provide cost-effective approach for screening a large population. Tumor markers are a major part of secondary prevention and thus, the detection of malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate total sialic acid (TSA), total protein and total sugar (TS) in serum and saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls to assess their role as a diagnostic marker. Materials and Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva and sera were collected from 40 squamous cell carcinoma patients and 20 controls. Serum and salivary TSA, total protein and TS estimation was carried out. This was correlated with clinical stages and histopathological grades of OSCC. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using Chi-square test, ANOVA and Student′s t-test with SPSS statistical software. Results: A highly significant rise in the salivary sialic acid, serum sialic acid and serum protein was noted in OSCC subjects compared to controls. Salivary protein, serum and salivary sugar did not show any significance. Furthermore, serum and salivary sialic acid levels were found to be significantly increased with increasing level of histopathological grading. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant increase in serum sialic acid, salivary sialic acid and serum protein from control to OSCC and suggests that these markers may be reliable in diagnosis and predicting prognosis.

It has been reported that sialic acid containing oligosaccharides play an important rolein the adhesion between cancer cells and endothelial cells and metastatic potential of tumorcells is proportional to cell surface sialylation. In the present study, we investigatedwhether there is a change in serum total and lipid bound sialic acid levels of patientswith benign and non-melanom malignant skin tumors and, evaluated whether the measurementof sialic acid levels may be useful clinically in distinguishing patients with benignskin tumors from those with non-melanom malignant skin tumors. In this study, 27patients with malignant skin tumors (16 men, age 50.78 ± 12.46 years), 39 patients withbenign skin tumors (17 men, age 48.59 ± 16.23 years) were included. Serum total andlipid bound sialic acid determination was performed by the thiobarbituric acid methoddescribed by Warren and, the resorsinol method described by Katopodis, respectively.Student’s T test and Z test were used to analyze the results. The mean serum total andlipid bound sialic acid levels were found to be 63.01 ± 11.89 mg/dl and 15.77 ± 2.44mg/dl, respectively in patients with benign skin tumors; and 65.95 ± 7.30 mg/dl and16.70 ± 3.80 mg/dl, respectively in patients with non-melanom malignant skin tumors.Serum total sialic acid and lipid bound sialic acid of patients with benign skin tumorswere not different from those of patients with non-melanom malignant skin tumors. Thepercentage of lipid bound sialic acid was found to be 25.3 in patients with non-melanommalignant skin tumors, 25 in patients with benign skin tumors. There was no significantdifference between the value of lipid bound sialic acid percentage in these groups. Ourfinding that there is no significant difference between serum total and lipid-bound sialicacid levels of patients with non melanom malignant skin tumors which are not able tometastase and patients with benign skin tumors supports the studies reporting that sialicacids play an important role in metastases.

This study was perfomied to determine the levels of serrnn nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total sialic acid (TSA), and total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as histopathological changes in sheep naturally infected with pox virus. The study material comprised of 40 Sheep pox infected and 20 non-infected Akkaraman mixed sheep aging between 1 and 2.5 months. Diagnosis of the disease was based on the clinical and histopathological observations. Blood samples were collected from the infected and healthy animals, and serums were separated. The levels of NO (36.65±1.10 nmol/ml), MDA (5.87±0.14 pmol/L), TSA (88.51±0.82 mg/dl) as well as TOC (685.05±10.84 μmolH2O2Eqv/L) and TAC (1.01±0.03 mmol Trolox Eqv/L) were determined in infected animals and compared to the levels of NO (11.01±0.37 nmol/mL), MDA (2.77±0.1 pmol/L), TSA (63.07±1.36 mg/dL) as well as TOC (457.80±22.48 μolH2O2Eqv/L) and TAC (1.50±0.03 mmolTrolox Eqv/L) in healthy animals, respectively. The results showed statistically significant differences between the infected and healthy animals (P<0.001). It was concluded that the increase in levels of MDA and TOC, and the decrease in TAC might indicate the development of oxidative stress in sheep naturally infected with pox virus. It can be assumed that the increase in TSA level might be an indication of the cellular damage in the infected animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study comprised of 12 bulls, aged between 18-36 months, determined severe symptoms of Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and 10 clinically healthy bulls of similar age. Serum and saliva total sialic acid (SA), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured. In this study were determined acute fever, anorexia, vesicular lesions in the mouth and feet of infected animals with consequent excessive salivation, lameness and reduced productivity as clinical signs. Mean serum SA MDA, GSH and NO levels were 503.96±21.43 mg/L, 31.82±3.43 umol/L, 63.43±2.92 mg/dL, and 6.49±0.36 nmol/L in healthy bulls and 862.01 ±17.35 mg/L, 82.49±9.90 umol/L, 24.96±2.32 mg/dL, and 13.89±0.53 nmol/L in FMD cases, respectively. Mean saliva SA, MDA, GSH and NO levels were 75.98±10.25 mg/L, 1.06±0.17 nmol/L, 0.67±0.05 mg/dL, and 1.44±0.14 nmol/L in healthy bulls and 156.49+14.07 mg/L, 1.81+0.15 µmol/L, 0.34±0.03 mg/dL, and 2.44±0.16 nmol/L in FMD cases, respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.001 and P<0.01). Mean serum and saliva GSH level was lower in FMD while all other parameters were considerable high. As a result, showing signs of foot and mouth disease in bulls, serum and saliva in sialic acid and oxidative stress parameters are affected very significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate and establish the role of total sialic acid (TSA)and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with complications such as diabetic nephropathy. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-seven patients with T2DM with nephropathy (DN) and 162 patients of T2DM without nephropathy (DM) along with 165 unrelated age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Serum glucose (fasting and postprandial) levels, renal profile, and lipid profile were done as per standard protocol. Serum TSA test levels and hs-CRP level were evaluated using thiobarbituric acid assay and immunoturbidimetric method respectively. Results: We observed a higher concentration of serum TSA (82.67 ± 6.63 mg/dl) and hs-CRP (3.2 ± 1.44 mg/L) in diabetic nephropathy than the diabetes mellitus group (73.83 ± 6.90 mg/dl and 2.07 ± 1.32 mg/L, respectively). Both TSA and hs-CRP levels were found significantly correlated with fasting and postprandial blood sugar, hemoglobin A1 c, and urine microalbumin levels in both DM and DN groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that both TSA and hs-CRP was independently associated with diabetic nephropathy. Conclusion: High serum TSA and hs-CRP levels may increase the microangiopathic (diabetic nephropathy) complications of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm in the head and neck region and remains one of the major causes of worldwide deaths. Recognition and diagnosis of oral cancer at an early stage can reduce morbidity and mortality. Oral cancer screening in a large population can be done non-invasively by using sialic acid in saliva as a biological marker. The aim of this study was to estimate the total sialic acid (TSA) level in three categories of populations: normal healthy controls, tobacco users with a premalignant lesion like leukoplakia, and tobacco users who developed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods: A total of 45 subjects were involved in the study. Saliva was collected from three groups and total sialic acid was estimated. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. Results: A comparison of total salivary sialic acid levels in three groups revealed a significant rise in the level of TSA in OSCC group when compared to control group. The difference in the mean level of TSA of precancerous group was also significant when compared to control group. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant rise in the mean level of total salivary sialic acid from control group (51.57 mg%) to precancerous group (74.64 mg%) to OSCC group (104.30 mg%), and suggests that it can be used as a reliable tool in oral cancer screening as the technique is non-invasive and inexpensive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Its incidence is rated as one among the highest in the world and the use of tobacco in various forms is increasingly associated with the cause of OSCC. In oral cancer the study of tumor markers have been limited and several tumor makers with clinical promise needs further evaluation. Methods: Present study was conducted in histopathologically confirmed OSCC patients form Coimbatore city, South India. Levels of β2-Microglobulin and Total Sialic Acid (TSA) in serum of the subjects were analyzed by ELISA and spectrophotometric method. Results: The levels of β2-microglobulin (3.81±0.09) and TSA (72.81±2.31) were found to be elevated in OSCC patients when compared with the controls (2.07±0.15; 64.17±1.86). Mean values were compared between the smokers and non smokers, which showed a significant increase in the level of β2-microglobulin and TSA (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the levels of β2-microglobulin and TSA were higher in OSCC patients with smoking habit than in non smokers. The study hypothesizes that this imbalance may be one of the major factors responsible for the progression of oral cancer.

Background: Detection of cancer at an early stage is of utmost importance to decrease the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Apart from the conventional biopsy, non.invasive methods like analysis of serum and saliva may provide cost.effective approach for screening a large population. Tumor markers are a major part of secondary prevention and thus, the detection of malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate total sialic acid (TSA), total protein and total sugar (TS) in serum and saliva of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and controls to assess their role as a diagnostic marker. Materials and Methods: Unstimulated whole saliva and sera were collected from 40 squamous cell carcinoma patients and 20 controls. Serum and salivary TSA, total protein and TS estimation was carried out. This was correlated with clinical stages and histopathological grades of OSCC. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using Chi-square test, ANOVA and Student's t-test with SPSS statistical software. Results: A highly significant rise in the salivary sialic acid, serum sialic acid and serum protein was noted in OSCC subjects compared to controls. Salivary protein, serum and salivary sugar did not show any significance. Furthermore, serum and salivary sialic acid levels were found to be significantly increased with increasing level of histopathological grading. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant increase in serum sialic acid, salivary sialic acid and serum protein from control to OSCC and suggests that these markers may be reliable in diagnosis and predicting prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. We investigated antioxidant L-carnitine effect on activities of paraoxonase 1 enzyme which is also synthesized in colon and oxidative status in experimental colitis. Material and Methods: Wistar albino female rats were divided into four groups randomly: control, colitis, pre-treatment and treatment groups. To induce colitis, single dose of 1 mL acetic acid (%4) was given intrarectally to colitis, pre-treatment and treatment groups. Single dose of 500 mg/kg L-carnitine was given intraperitoneally 1 hour before inducing colitis to pre-treatment group and 24 hours after inducing colitis to treatment group. All groups were sacrificied 48 hours after intrarectally administration. Existence of colitis was confirmed by histopathological changes. Paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities, total oxidant and antioxidant status, malondialdehyde, and total sialic acid were measured in serum. Oxidative stress index was calculated from the formula. Results: While serum malondialdehyde, total sialic acid, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly elevated, serum paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities and total antioxidant status were significantly decreased in acetic-acid induced experimental colitis. In acetic-acid induced experimental colitis, L-carnitine caused a significant decrease in serum malondialdehyde, total sialic acid, total oxidant status and oxidative stress index but a significant increase in serum arylesterase and lactonase activities of treatment group only. Conclusion: L-Carnitine has an increasing effect on serum arylesterase and lactonase activities and decreasing effect on oxidative stress in acetic acid-induced experimental colitis. Therefore, L-carnitine may be useful for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor worldwide. The main risk factors are tobacco in the form of chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption. The incidence is rated as one among the highest in the world and the use of tobacco in various forms is increasingly associated with the cause of OSCC. In oral cancer the study of tumor markers have been limited and several tumor makers with clinical promise needs further evaluation. Methods: Present study was conducted in 30 histopathologically confirmed OSCC patients and 30 age matched controls form Coimbatore city, South India. Levels of ß2- Microglobulin and Total Sialic Acid (TSA) in serum of the subjects were analyzed by ELISA and spectrophotometric method. Results: The levels of ß2-microglobulin (3.81±0.09) and TSA (72.81±2.31) were found to be elevated in OSCC patients when compared with the controls (2.07±0.15; 64.17±1.86). Mean values were compared between the smokers and non smokers, which showed a significant increase in the level of ß2-microglobulin and TSA (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the levels of ß2-microglobulin and TSA were higher in OSCC patients with smoking habit than in non smokers. The study hypothesizes that this imbalance may be one of the major factors responsible for the progression of oral cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate serum total and lipid bound sialic acid (TSA&LBSA) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Material and Methods: Forty women with PCOS and 35 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum TSA, LBSA, follicle stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone, estradiol, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, free testosterone, total testosterone, 17-OH progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin, cortisol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were measured in each subject. Insulin resistance was estimated by fasting insulin level, fasting glucose: insulin ratio and 75-g glucose tolerance test for 2 hours. Results: Serum TSA levels were not significantly different between the groups. Serum LBSA levels were higher in patients with PCOS compared to the control group. TSA was correlated with androstenedione and HOMA-IR in the PCOS group. Positive correlations were found between LBSA and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in patients with PCOS. After correction for BMI, the only existing significant correlation was between LBSA and follicle stimulating hormone. Conclusion: Serum LBSA levels, which has previously been found to be higher in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus, are elevated in PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Capoeta capoeta was used to determine plasma total sialic acid (TSA), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in fishes applied glyphosate. The animals in group I in normal water environment, group II and group III sequentially in aquariums added 0.01 and 0.02 mg/L glyphosate were waited for 10 days. Plasma TSA levels in group II animals were higher than group I and group III. There was not significantly difference between groups in terms of plasma NO levels. MDA levels were determined to be higher in group III compared the other two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]