20 results on '"Total coliform bacteria"'
Search Results
2. Bacteriological, parasitological and chemical pollution of Nile River water at some Greater Cairo sites.
- Author
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El-Khayat, Hanaa Mahmoud M., El-Wakil, Eman S., Abdel-Motleb, Asmaa, Abdel-Aziz, Wafaa, and Abdel-Wareth, Marwa Tamim A.
- Subjects
POLLUTION ,WATER pollution ,INDUSTRIAL wastes ,SEWAGE ,ACANTHAMOEBA - Abstract
The River Nile, Egypt's main source of water, is polluted by agricultural, industrial and municipal wastewater discharges. The paper reports a study of biological pollution of river water through bacterial and parasitological analysis, besides chemical pollution by cadmium and lead. The researchers collected water samples seasonally from 12 sites in Greater Cairo along a year (from July 2019 to June 2020). Some sites were contaminated with total coliforms, Acanthamoeba sp., and Cryptosporidium oocysts, whereas Naegleria sp. was recorded at all sites. Although the recorded Cd concentrations were below the permissible levels in all sites, the concentration of Pb exceeded the permissible limit in some sites. In conclusion, Nile River water in Greater Cairo region is contaminated, especially with total coliforms and free living amoebae. This health threat needs to be controlled and diminished by law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Disinfection of total coliform bacteria in Falaj water by solar water disinfection (SODIS)
- Author
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S. Reddy Sajjala, S.K. Al Dawery, A. Ahmed, and M.Al.N. Al jabri
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falaj water ,total coliform bacteria ,sodis ,pet bottles ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Science - Abstract
In this study an attempt has been made to disinfect total coliform bacteria present in Falaj water using solar water disinfection (SODIS) technology. SODIS experiments were conducted in winter (February 2018) and summer (May 2018) using polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles (less, thin and thick plastic PETs) and the glass ones of different capacities (0.5, 1 and 1.5 L). The results showed that total coliform disinfection rate in May was two folds greater than that in February. Water depth or volume of sample in the bottle had significant effect on the efficiency of SODIS. Highest disinfection rate was found on the samples collected from water depth of 6 cm (0.5 L), while the lowest was observed on samples of 8 cm in depth (1.5 L). No significant difference was observed in disinfecting total coliform between glass and less plastic PET bottle for shorter exposure periods (1 h). Results of this research have proved SODIS as anappropriate household water treatment and safe storage for disinfecting Falaj water in Oman. This study is a step forward in Oman to employ solar energy in the water and wastewater treatments.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Advanced treatment of food processing effluent by indigenous microalgae-bacteria consortia: Population dynamics and enhanced nitrogen uptake.
- Author
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Amadu, Ayesha Algade, Abbew, Abdul-Wahab, Qiu, Shuang, Addico, Gloria Naa Dzama, Hodgson, Isaac, Duodu, Samuel, Appiah, Serapis Asiedu, and Ge, Shijian
- Abstract
The potential of indigenous microalgae-bacteria consortia (IMBC) to recover nutrients from food processing effluents (FPE) supports the basis for advanced effluent polishing and value-added biomass generation. In this study, the effluent polishing potential of an FPE-borne IMBC treating FPE and synthetic wastewater (SWW) was investigated regarding nutrient, coliform bacteria, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal as well as the IMBC species evolution, and pigment production. Species evolution and diversity of the IMBC in FPE and SWW were influenced by nitrogen levels (3.83 mg/L and 32.61 mg/L NH 4
+ , respectively). More blue-green microalgae were observed in SWW (0.96 mg/L phycocyanin) whilst diatoms dominated in FPE (0.05 mg/L phycocyanin). Total coliform bacteria removal influenced COD reduction and this had a significant effect on dissolved oxygen production. The study offers new insights into the feasibility of using IMBC biofilm for advanced FPE polishing and nutrient recovery (0.98 mg/L NH 4+ , 0.85 mg/L PO 43− , 0.84 mg/L COD, 3.2 g/L protein, and 2.8 g/L carbohydrates), demonstrating that it is possible to use IMBC biofilm for post-treatment of FPE, removing the residual N and P to prevent eutrophication. [Display omitted] • Higher N content (32.61 mg/L) enhanced blue-green microalgae biofilm formation. • Extracellular polymeric substances enhanced IMBC biofilm strength and integrity. • IMBC achieved 100 % total coliform bacteria removal. • IMBC significantly reduced COD, NH 4+ , and PO 43− . • Diatoms tolerated high conductivity (5.9 mS/cm) and low nutrient levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The chitosan cembrane cffectiveness of Anadara granosa clam shells to remove total coliform in greywater
- Author
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Pradevi Milafitri Farista Ananto, Eri Iva Rustanti, Marlik Marlik, Darjati Darjati, and Yudied Agung Mirasa
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Health (social science) ,Total coliform bacteria ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Blood calm shell ,Chitosan membrane - Abstract
Clam shell is a solid trash that has a rough texture, difficult to digest, and polluting the environment. Blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) contain chitin, which is converted into antimicrobial chitosan. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of chitosan membrane from blood clam shells in reducing total coliform bacteria in household greywater. This study was carried out using experimental research method design. This research focused on household greywater waste. The chitosan concentrations on the membrane varied between 2.5% and 3.5% with filtration times of 20 and 60 minutes. The Anova Quadratic model test was further used to examine the data. Chitosan was separated from the shell of the blood clam at peak angles of 19.66° and 26.04° according to X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. It was obtained that chitosan membrane, with a concentration of 3.5% and a filtering duration of 60 minutes, provided the highest percentage of total coliform bacteria reduction of 99.9%. The conclusion of this study is that blood clam shells used as chitosan membranes can reduce total coliform bacteria in household greywater waste.
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- 2022
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6. Effectiveness of domestic water filters.
- Author
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Al-Haddad, Adel, Al-Qallaf, Habib, and Rashid, Tariq
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DRINKING water purification ,WATER filters ,FILTERS & filtration ,COLIFORMS ,CHLORINE - Abstract
A laboratory study was carried out to determine the best domestic water filter with respect to cost, volume of treated water, and effectiveness in improving the quality of potable water. Six types of filters were tested including sand, five micron cartridge, ceramic, carbon block, ultra violet (UV) sterilization unit, and reverse osmosis combined filters. Water samples were collected upstream and downstream of each type of filter. These samples were analyzed for pH, EC, TDS, TSS, turbidity, TOC, chlorine concentration, and various bacteria. Also, the volume of treated water produced by each type of filter was measured. The laboratory results indicated that inlet water had low salinity (TDS value 275–438 mg/l), low TSS (0–7 mg/l), chlorine (0.13–0.78 mg/l) contents, and high content of bacteria (1–1212 MPN/100 ml). The results revealed that the membrane of the RO combined filter set was exposed to severe damage by the residual chlorine in the water, rendering the membrane unable to reduce water salinity effectively and causing high total bacteria counts in the filtered water. Additionally, a biological slime layer formed at the surfaces of cartridge filters, and produced high values of TSS and bacteria in the filtrate samples. The results showed that the best type of filter was the five micron filter on the basis of cost, volume of filtered water, and improvement in water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
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7. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PESTICIDE ANALYSIS OF TAP WATER IN THE CITY OF NOIDA, (UTTAR PRADESH), INDIA.
- Author
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Koul, Nistha, Lokhande, R. S., and Dhar, J. K.
- Subjects
- *
BACTERIOLOGY , *PESTICIDES , *DRINKING water , *INDUSTRIALIZATION , *WATER pollution - Abstract
In the modern era of industrialization, due to increase in the developmental activities, water is being polluted. It is essential to monitor and prevent the pollution load in drinking water as it has a direct link to human health. The objective of this study was to determine physico-chemical characteristics, bacterial contamination and pesticides in tap water samples collected from various selected sites of Noida City. Tap water samples were assessed for physico-chemical parameters like; pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Fluoride (F), Nitrate (NO3 -3) and Sulfate (SO4 -2). The water samples were also analyzed for the presence of fecal bacteria namely : Escherichia coli (E.coli), Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and total coliform bacteria present in tap water. Pesticides namely : Chlorobenzilate, Hexachlorobenzene, Benzenether, pp-DDT, op-DDT, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, alpha-HCH, Beta-HCH, Lindane, Vinclozolin, Conumaphos, Malathion, Phosalone, Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate, Cyhalothrin, Carbofurn, Propoxeur, Carbaryl, Cymiazol, Amitraz, Bromprophylate, Chinomethionate were also detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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8. Solar Disinfection Water Treatment for a Community-Scale System: An Analysis of Design Parameters for Humanitarian Engineering Projects.
- Author
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Kendricks, Marni R., David, Joanna L., Sisco, Tracey E., and Surbeck, Cristiane Q.
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WATER disinfection , *PLASTIC bottles , *ENGINEERING technology education , *ENTEROBACTERIACEAE , *WATER temperature - Abstract
SODIS, solar disinfection of water in plastic bottles, is a well-known water treatment method utilized in communities lacking water treatment infrastructure. While SODIS is commonly employed by individuals and family units needing clean drinking water, a larger, community-scale solar disinfection system is presented in this paper as an alternative, appropriate, humanitarian engineering technology. A community-scale system may be acceptable for communities that reject the individual-bottle SODIS method. To test the treatment effectiveness of such a system, experiments were conducted to quantify the solar inactivation rate of total coliform bacteria from contaminated source water. Solar disinfection configurations in tanks and bottles were analyzed for the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light index, water temperature, tank color, plastic covering, and duration of sun exposure. A black tank, covered with a clear, plastic drop cloth with a thickness of 2 MIL (0.0508 mm) provided an effective inactivation rate of total coliforms. A contour plot of UV index versus water temperature provides guidelines for minimum required sun exposure times for disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Real or Perceived: The Environmental Health Risks of Urban Sack Gardening in Kibera Slums of Nairobi, Kenya.
- Author
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Gallaher, Courtney, Mwaniki, Dennis, Njenga, Mary, Karanja, Nancy, and WinklerPrins, Antoinette
- Subjects
URBAN agriculture ,GARDENING & the environment ,HEAVY metals & the environment ,SLUMS ,ENTEROBACTERIACEAE diseases ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
Cities around the world are undergoing rapid urbanization, resulting in the growth of informal settlements or slums. These informal settlements lack basic services, including sanitation, and are associated with joblessness, low-income levels, and insecurity. Families living in such settlements may turn to a variety of strategies to improve their livelihoods and household food security, including urban agriculture. However, given the lack of formal sanitation services in most of these informal settlements, residents are frequently exposed to a number of environmental risks, including biological and chemical contaminants. In the Kibera slums of Nairobi, Kenya, households practice a form of urban agriculture called sack gardening, or vertical gardening, where plants such as kale and Swiss chard are planted into large sacks filled with soil. Given the nature of farming in slum environments, farmers and consumers of this produce in Kibera are potentially exposed to a variety of environmental contaminants due to the lack of formal sanitation systems. Our research demonstrates that perceived and actual environmental risks, in terms of contamination of food crops from sack gardening, are not the same. Farmers perceived exposure to biological contaminants to be the greatest risk to their food crops, but we found that heavy metal contamination was also significant risk. By demonstrating this disconnect between risk perception and actual risk, we wish to inform debates about how to appropriately promote urban agriculture in informal settlements, and more generally about the trade-offs created by farming in urban spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, BACTERIOLOGICAL AND PESTICIDE ANALYSIS OF TAP WATER IN THE CITY OF NOIDA, (UTTAR PRADESH), INDIA.
- Author
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Koul, Nistha, Lokhande, R. S., and Dhar, J. K.
- Subjects
- *
PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry , *BACTERIOLOGY , *PESTICIDE analysis , *DRINKING water analysis - Abstract
In the modern era of industrialization, due to increase in the developmental activities, water is being polluted. It is essential to monitor and prevent the pollution load in drinking water as it has a direct link to human health. The objective of this study was to determine physico-chemical characteristics, bacterial contamination and pesticides in tap water samples collected from various selected sites of Noida City. Tap water samples were assessed for physico-chemical parameters like; pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Fluoride (F), Nitrate (NO3 -3) and Sulfate (SO4-2). The water samples were also analyzed for the presence of fecal bacteria namely : Escherichia coli (E.coli), Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and total coliform bacteria present in tap water. Pesticides namely : Chlorobenzilate, Hexachlorobenzene, Benzenether, pp-DDT, op-DDT, pp-DDE, pp-DDD, alpha-HCH, Beta-HCH, Lindane, Vinclozolin, Conumaphos, Malathion, Phosalone, Cyfluthrin, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin, Fenvalerate, Fluvalinate, Cyhalothrin, Carbofurn, Propoxeur, Carbaryl, Cymiazol, Amitraz, Bromprophylate, Chinomethionate were also detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Assessment of odour problem in sewage-treated effluent in a closed loop irrigation system.
- Author
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Ahmad, Maqbool, Bajahlan, Ahmad Saeed, and Miran, Mamdoh M.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL waste & the environment ,DEVELOPING countries ,COLIFORMS ,TRIHALOMETHANES ,FILTERS & filtration ,CARBON disulfide ,DIMETHYL sulfide ,TURBIDITY - Abstract
Uses of wastewater drives significant economic activity, supports countless livelihoods particularly those for developing countries. While using wastewater, the challenge is to identify practical, affordable safeguards that do not threaten the health of users. In Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, treated sewage effluent (TSE) is used for landscape purposes. In the present study, the odour problem caused by TSE in community area has been addressed. Samples were collected and analysed for total coliform, odour, trihalomethanes (THMs), total organic carbon (TOC) and other physicochemical parameters. Results show that in distribution network, residual chlorine was below the detection limit, turbidity, THMs, TOC and total coliform concentration was much higher than point source, and concentration of these parameters was further increased in problematic areas. It was also observed that areas with odourous problem were at the tail of irrigation network. This indicates that odour problem was due to less residual chlorine high turbidity, high rate of coliform and TOC. In odourous water samples, carbon disulphide and dimethyl sulphide were also identified by GC/MS, while in other areas where there was no odour, both these compounds were not detected. Odour problem was successfully resolved by improving sand filtration system to minimise turbidity the main cause of odour, increasing the residual chlorine at the treatment plant and regularly flushing the distribution network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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12. A close to real-time prediction method of total coliform bacteria in foods based on image identification technology and artificial neural network
- Author
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Yin, Yong-guang and Ding, Yun
- Subjects
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COLIFORMS , *FUNGUS-bacterium relationships , *REGRESSION analysis , *BIOCHEMICAL engineering - Abstract
Abstract: A prediction method of total coliform bacteria based on image identification technology in foods was proposed. In order to get the close to real-time detection results, this method used the total count of bacteria and bacilli to predict the total coliform bacteria counts because coliforms are difficult to extract the feature parameters to be recognized and enumerated, while total count of bacteria and bacilli could be enumerated by using image identification technology. An optimal artificial neural network (ANN) model was presented for prediction of total coliform bacteria counts. Several configurations were evaluated while developing the optimal ANN model. The optimal ANN model consisted two hidden layers with five neurons in each hidden layer. Results showed that predicted total coliform bacteria counts were positively correlated to the experimental total coliform bacteria counts obtained by traditional multiple-tube fermentation technique (correlation coefficient, R 2 =0.9716), which predicted accuracy was much better than other predicted models (the correlation coefficient of linear regression model, second-order polynomial regression model and polynomial trend surface analysis was 39.81%, 67.17% and 78.85%, respectively). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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13. A Comparison of Drinking Water Contamination in Buried Slab Wells, Other Large-Diameter Wells, and Drilled Wells.
- Author
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Gergely, Rita M.
- Subjects
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WELLS , *SURVEYS , *WATER well drilling , *ATRAZINE , *BACTERIA - Abstract
This study presents the results of a statewide water well survey conducted by the Iowa Department of Public Health from 1991 to 1995 to determine whether there were statistically significant differences between well water contamination in buried slab wells, other large-diameter wells, and drilled wells. Wells were sampled for total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, nitrate, and atrazine. Staff collected water samples and completed a site survey at each well, which included an interview with the occupant or owner and actual observations of the wellhead and surrounding; area. The study included 293 buried slab wells 287 other large diameter wells, and 445 drilled wells. Buried slab wells were significantly less likely than other large-diameter wells to be contaminated with total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, nitrate, and atrazine. The well type (buried slab versus other large-diameter) was a mote significant variable than whether the well depth was greater than 15.2 m (50 ft) for all contaminants except for total coliform bacteria. When classified by depth (less than or equal to 15.2 m (50 ft) deep of greater than 15.2 m (50 ft deep))., buried slab wells in each depth range were significantly less likely than other large-diameter wells to be contaminated by total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and nitrate. The rates of contamination for total coliform bacteria, fecal coliform bacteria, and atrazine were not significantly different for buried slab wells and drilled wells. In addition, the percentage of wells with a concentration of NO3-N greater than 20 ppm or 30 ppm was not significantly different for buried slab wells and drilled wells. However, die mean concentration of NO3-N (nitrate expressed as nitrogen) was significantly higher for buried slab wells compared to drilled wells, as was the percentage of wells with a concentration of NO3-N greater than or equal to 3 ppm and greater than 10 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
14. Prediction of seawater quality around Island Rab (Adriatic Sea)
- Author
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Legović, Tarzan
- Subjects
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SEAWATER - Abstract
One of the consequences of the anticipated growth of tourist industry on the island Rab (Adriatic Sea) is that the source of wastewater will increase. If present practice of releasing wastewaters into the sea were to continue, sea water quality in recreational zones would worsen. This forced Rab municipality to consider options for expansion of canalization, waste treatment and submarine outfalls. Three options were put forth. Analysis and modeling reported here were used to choose the most acceptable among proposed options. Based on estimates of wastewater sources and oceanographic properties, water quality around island Rab is predicted. It is concluded that in principle each option could satisfy water quality criteria specified by the lawmaker. The option, which is chosen as the best solution, satisfies additional ecological as well as socially acceptable conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Prediction of seawater quality around Island Rab (Adriatic Sea)
- Author
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Tarzan Legović
- Subjects
Modelling ,Management ,Seawater quality ,Island Rab ,Adriatic Sea ,Prediction ,Total coliform bacteria ,Total phosphoris ,Waste treatment ,Mediterranean sea ,Wastewater ,Ecological Modeling ,Outfall ,Submarine ,Environmental science ,Seawater ,Water quality ,Water pollution ,Water resource management - Abstract
One of the consequences of the anticipated growth of tourist industry on the island Rab (Adriatic Sea) is that the source of wastewater will increase. Jf preselit practice of releasing wastewaters in to the sea were to continue, sea water quality in recreational zones would worsen. This forced Rab municipality to consider options for expansion of canalization, waste treatment and submarine outfalls. Three options were put forth. Analysis and model ing reported here were used to choose the most acceptable among proposed options. Based on estimates of wastewater sources and oceanographic properties, water quality around island Rab is predicted. It is concluded that in princip le each option could satisfy water quality criteria specified by the lawmaker. The option, which is chosen as the best solution, satisfies additional ecological as well as socially acceptable conditions.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Impacts of Pesticides and Fertilizers on Soil, Tail Water and Groundwater in Three Vegetable Producing Areas in the Cordillera Region, Northern Philippines
- Author
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Robert T. Ngidlo
- Subjects
Fenvalerate ,Soil test ,Pesticide residue ,Soil contamination ,General Medicine ,Pesticide ,tail water ,Cypermethrin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,groundwater contamination ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Chlorpyrifos ,agricultural chemicals ,Environmental science ,total coliform bacteria ,chicken manure ,Groundwater - Abstract
The study focused on the impacts of pesticides and fertilizers on soil and water in three vegetable producing areas in the Cordillera region in the northern central part of the Philippines. Three major vegetable producing communities were selected as study sites with seventy five (75) key informants interviewed. Soil and water samples were obtained to determine the extent of soil and water contamination with pesticides and fertilizers. There was a high level of awareness on the negative impacts of commercial pesticides and fertilizers on soil, water and human health but awareness did not influence the way farmers utilize pesticides and dispose of empty bottles/containers of pesticides after use. Soil samples from Balili, Mankayan, Benguet and Sadsadan, Mt. Province contain variable amounts of pesticide residues in the top 15 centimeter soil surface. The residues detected were: chlorpyrifos, profenofos, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate. Chlorpyrifos was found in one soil sample in Sadsadan above the Limit of Determination. Similarly, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and fenvalerate were found in two soil samples in Balili higher than the limit of determination. No pesticide residue was found in all soil samples obtained from the inner 200 centimeter soil depth. Soils in the garden sites of Tinoc, Ifugao were still pesticide free. Water samples in all the sites contain no pesticide residues but found to contain high levels of coliform bacteria. Pesticide contamination of soil and water was not as severe as anticipated but rather it is the presence of coliform bacteria severely contaminating water bodies in the area. Natural springs unspoiled by human population are still clean and potable. Nitrate levels in soil and water is low but showed some signs of building up due to the continuous application of fertilizers. Hospital records showed no reported cases of pesticide poisoning due to improper handling. However, there were cases of intentional ingestion of pesticides for purposes of committing suicides. Respiratory diseases top the list of the ten leading causes of morbidity in all three study sites. The study site in Tinoc was affected by frequent cases of diarrhea especially during the rainy months.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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17. Calidad del agua de nacientes y pozos en propiedades localizadas en las áreas peri-urbana y rural de la región de Botucatu, SP, Brasil
- Author
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Rolim, Renata Guimarães [UNESP], Souza, Luiz Carlos de [UNESP], Silva, Rodrigo Costa da [UNESP], and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
Calidad del agua ,Fosfato ,Minas ,Qualidade da água ,Poços ,Phosphate ,Coliformes termotolerantes ,Springs ,Thermotolerant coliform bacteria ,Water quality ,Total coliform bacteria ,Coliformes totais ,Coliformes totales ,Wells ,Resortes ,Pozos - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:35:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-07T12:44:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN0102-5716-2010-17-02-275-287.pdf: 444846 bytes, checksum: 43523a932ec0a0a6e400a50725cf31c9 (MD5) A água constitui elemento essencial à vida vegetal e animal, sendo também um dos mais importantes veículos de enfermidades diarréicas de natureza infecciosa. Neste trabalho, a qualidade da água de 28 fontes de água, 22 poços e seis minas, foi analisada quanto ao uso em relação a percepção da importância da qualidade da água pelo proprietário quanto à saúde pública, objetivando determinar o grau de exposição das populações de risco estudadas. Colheram-se três amostras de cada fonte, em semanas consecutivas. As amostras foram analisadas para coliformes totais e termotolerantes (fecais), e análises de contaminação com cobre, fosfato e organoclorado. Foram ainda realizadas entrevistas aos proprietários sobre tipo de tratamento, e se as amostras já haviam sido analisadas. 50% dos proprietários não faziam nenhum tipo de tratamento da água antes do seu uso; 75% tinham pouca noção sobre qualidade da água e 86% não tinham conhecimento de doenças de veiculação hídrica; 46% das fontes eram usadas para uso doméstico, para dessedentação humana e animal, e irrigação. Os resultados revelaram contaminação por coliformes totais em 93% e de coliformes termotolerantes em 82% das fontes de água, associado à presença de cor e odor na água. Não foram detectados cobre e organoclorado nas amostras; contudo, 53,6% das fontes estavam contaminadas com fosfatos, associada à presença de sujeira. Deste modo, as amostras de água utilizada nas propriedades foram consideradas impróprias para consumo e um importante fator de risco à saúde pública. Water is an essential element to vegetal and animal life, and one of the most important vehicles of infectious diarrheal diseases. In this paper, the quality of water of 22 wells and six springs were analyzed in relation to its use, and in terms of the owner perception of the public health importance of water quality, aiming to determine the exposition level of the populations of risk studied. Three samples were collected from each water source for consecutive weeks. Samples were analyzed for total and thermotolerant (fecal) coliform bacteria, as well as for contamination with copper, phosphate and organochlorine content. Owners were interviewed in order to determine the type of treatment, and if samples have ever been collected and the water analyzed: 50% of the owners did not treat the water before use; 75% had little information about water quality and 86% did not know any waterborne diseases; as for use, 46% of the sources of water were for domestic use, irrigation and used as livestock / human drinking water. Results showed total coliform bacteria in 93% and thermotolerant coliform bacteria in 82% of water sources, associated with color and odor problems in the water. Copper and organochlorine were not detected; however, 53.6% of the water sources were contaminated with phosphates associated with the presence of particles. Water samples analyzed were considered to be unsafe for consumption and may pose an important public health risk. El agua es un elemento esencial para la vida vegetal y animal, siendo también uno de los vehículos más importantes de enfermedades diarreicas de naturaleza infecciosa. En este trabajo, la calidad del agua de 28 fuentes de agua, 22 pozos y seis resortes, fue analizada cuanto al uso en relación a la percepción de la importancia de la calidad del agua por el propietario cuanto a la salud pública, objetivando determinar el grado de exposición de las poblaciones de riesgo estudiadas. Tres muestras de cada fuente fueron cosechadas en semanas consecutivas. Las muestras fueron analizadas para coliformes totales y termotolerantes (fecales), y análisis de contaminación con cobre, fosfato y organoclorado. Aún entrevistas fueron realizadas a los propietarios sobre el tipo de tratamiento, y si las muestras ya habían sido analizadas. 50% de los propietarios no hacían algún tipo de tratamiento del agua antes de usar la misma; 75% tenían poco conocimiento a respecto de la calidad del agua y 86% no tenían conocimiento de enfermedades de vehiculación hídrica; 46% de las fuentes eran usadas para el uso doméstico, para consumo humano y animal, y irrigación. Los resultados revelaron contaminación por coliformes totales en 93% y de coliformes termotolerantes en 82% de las fuentes de agua, asociado a la presencia de color y olor en el agua. No se detectaron cobre y organoclorados en las muestras; pero, 53,6% de las fuentes estaban contaminadas con fosfatos, asociada a la presencia de suciedades. Por lo tanto, las muestras de agua utilizadas en las propiedades fueron consideradas incorrectas para el consumo y un importante factor de riesgo para la salud pública. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Botucatu, SP, Brasil Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ), Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
- Published
- 2010
18. Concentration of total coliform bacteria from surface water in area of city of Zagreb
- Author
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Vešligaj, Ivana and Hrenović, Jasna
- Subjects
hranjive podloge ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija ,solid media ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology ,total coliform bacteria ,ukupne koliformne bakterije ,površinske vode ,surface media - Abstract
Istraživanje koncentracije ukupnih koliforma u površinskim vodama na području grada Zagreba provedeno je na uzorku čiste kulture vrste Escherichia coli i 19 uzoraka vode prikupljenih iz jezera Botaničkog vrta, 5 maksimirskih jezera te 7 potoka grada Zagreba. Za kultivaciju ukupnih koliforma korištene su četiri hranjive podloge: EC X Gluc agar, m-Faecal Coliform agar, Endo agar i MacConkey agar. Uzorci su nacijepljeni na pojedine medije metodom širenja razmaza. Određeni broj ukupnih koliforma i postotni udio E. coli u populaciji ukupnih koliforma u istom uzorku bio je značajno različit na različitim hranjivim podlogama. Uspoređujući podatke dobivene brojanjem izraslih kolonija koliformnih bakterija, ustanovljeno je da se koncentracije ukupnih koliforma bitno razlikuju s obzirom na lokaciju uzimanja uzoraka. Njihova najveća koncentracija utvrđena je u vodama tekućicama, što prvenstveno uključuje Vugrov potok, Vrapčak, Črnomerec i Srednjak. Niže koncentracije ukupnih koliforma utvrđene su u jezeru Botaničkog vrta, Petom maksimirskom jezeru , te u maksimirskim potocima Bliznec i Maksimirec. Na osnovu broja ukupnih koliforma, utvrđena je i kakvoća vode prema Uredbi o klasifikaciji voda Republike Hrvatske (˝Narodne novine˝ 77/98). U 6 od 19 ispitivanih uzoraka vode određena je V vrsta vode, dok su ostalu uzorci pokazali IV vrstu voda. Concentration of total coliform bacteria from surface water in area of city of Zagreb, was investigated on sample of clean culture of Escherichia coli and 19 samples of water, collected at the lake of Botanical Garden, five lakes of Maksimir and at seven brooks of Zagreb. Four commercial solid media were used for cultivation of total coliform bacteria, and they are: ECX Gluc agar, Endo agar, m-Faecal Coliform agar and MacConkey agar. Samples was inoculated on each media with Plate Strake Method. The referred number of total coliform bacteria and the percentage of E.coli in the population of total coliform in the same sample was significantly different on various media. Comparing the dana optained from counting down overgrown colonies of coliform bacteria, was established that the concentratoin of total coliform bacteria differ according to the sample of the primary location. Their biggest concentration was determined in nonstagnant waters, which primarily includes brook of Vugrov, Vrapčak, Črnomerec and Srednjak. Lower concentration of total coliform bacteria was determined in the lake of Botanic garden, the Fifth lake of Maksimir and in the brooks of Maksimir, Bliznec and Maksimirec. The water quality was ratified on the base of the number of total coliform bacteria and the Water classification regulation of the Republic of Croatia (˝Narodne novine˝ 77/98). The V class of water was defined in 6 out of 19 analysed samples, whereas other samples showed the IV class of water.
- Published
- 2009
19. Monitoring of seasonal variation of microbial quality in Lake Uluabat
- Author
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Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi/Çevre Mühendisliği Bölümü., Elmacı, Ayşe, Teksoy, Arzu, Topaç, F. Olcay, Özengin, Nihan, and Başkaya, Hüseyin S.
- Subjects
Toplam koliform bakteri ,Total coliform bacteria ,Biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı ,Uluabat Gölü ,Uluabat Lake ,Nutrients ,Biochemical oxygen dmand ,Besin elementleri - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Uluabat Gölü’nde Şubat 2003 – Ocak 2004 tarihleri arasında 5 farklı istasyondan alınan örneklerde gölün mikrobiyal kalitesinin mevsimsel değişimi izlenmiştir. Aylık olarak alınan örneklerde sıcaklık, pH, göl derinliği, Secchi disk derinliği, iletkenlik, çözünmüş oksijen, biyokimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı, nitrat azotu, amonyum azotu, orto-fosfat fosforu, klorofil-a ve toplam koliform bakteri sayısı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, sıcaklığın en yüksek olduğu Haziran ayında toplam koliform bakteri sayısının en yüksek (9,6x103 EMS/100 ml) seviyede olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca toplam koliform bakteri sayısının yüksek olduğu bu dönemde BOİ konsantrasyonlarının da yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Minimum toplam koliform bakteri sayısı ise Nisan ayında (1,43x102 EMS/100 ml) belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, Uluabat Gölü’nde göle giren kirlilik yükü ve sıcaklığın toplam koliform bakteri sayısını önemli ölçüde artırdığını ve gölün mikrobiyal kalitesinin değişiminde büyük rol aldığını ortaya koymuştur. In this research, the seasonal variation of microbial quality was monitored between February 2003 and January 2004 in 5 different stations at Lake Uluabat. Temperature, pH, depth, Secchi disc depth, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, orto-phosphate phosphorus, chlorophyll a and total coliform were examined monthly in collected samples. The results of the study showed that the total coliform bacteria count was maximum (9,6x103 MPN/100 ml) in June when the maximum temperature value was observed. In addition, it was found that BOD concentrations were also higher in this month. Minimum total coliform bacteria count was determined in April (1,43x102 MPN/100 ml). Findings of this research indicated that pollution load and temperature significantly increased total coliform bacteria count, and played an important role in variation of microbial quality of lake.
- Published
- 2008
20. Étude de l’influence des facteurs environnementaux sur la distribution de différentes populations bactériennes dans une station mytilicole de la lagune de Bizerte (Nord-Tunisie)
- Author
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Ali Harzallah, Monia El Bour, Imen Boukef-Ben Omrane, Abdellatif Boudabous, Béchir Bjaoui, Salma El Mejri, and Radhia Mraouna
- Subjects
Social Sciences and Humanities ,Vibrionaceaes ,bactéries hétérotrophes cultivables ,Vibrionaceae ,Lagoon ,écosystème lagunaire ,station mytilicole ,Mussel farming area ,Faecal enterococci ,coliformes totaux ,entérocoques fécaux ,Culturable heterotrophic bacteria ,Total coliform bacteria ,Sciences Humaines et Sociales ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
La présente étude a été effectuée en vue d’évaluer l’effet des fluctuations des paramètres abiotiques sur la distribution de différentes populations bactériennes viables dans la station mytilicole la plus productrice de la lagune de Bizerte (Nord‑Tunisie). Le suivi a été établi pendant une année (septembre 2004 ‑ août 2005) au niveau des neuf tables du site.Les dénombrements bactériens des coliformes totaux (CT), des entérocoques fécaux (EF), des Vibrionaceaes (VB) et des bactéries hétérotrophes cultivables (BHC) ont été effectués pour l’eau de surface, les moules (Mytilus galloprovincialis) ainsi que pour les sédiments. Ces charges bactériennes ont été corrélées à la température de l’eau, l’oxygène dissous, la salinité, le pH, la pluviométrie et l’ensoleillement, mesurés périodiquement en tout point du site.Le suivi des paramètres bactériologiques a révélé une présence assez importante de charges bactériennes pendant toute la période d’étude, notamment dans les moules et les sédiments, avec une distribution temporelle saisonnière. L’étude statistique a montré des corrélations positives, d’une part, entre les charges en polluants fécaux et la pluviométrie et, d’autre part, entre les charges en Vibrionaceaes et la salinité et la température.Ces résultats révèlent l’effet anthropique bactérien au niveau du site mytilicole : les rejets continentaux en hiver et la remontée des bactéries autochtones en période estivale ont une influence considérable sur la mytiliculture et son devenir dans la lagune de Bizerte., The present study aimed to assess the influence of abiotic parameters on the distribution of various viable bacterial populations in the most productive mussel farming area in the Bizerte Lagoon (Northern Tunisia). A monitoring survey was carried out over one year (September 2004 ‑ August 2005), within all the farming tables at the station. Bacterial enumerations of total coliforms (CT), fecal enterococci (EF), Vibrionaceae (VB) and cultivable heterotrophic bacteria (BHC) were carried out for surface water, mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and sediments. These bacterial counts were correlated with water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH, rainfall and sunshine, which were periodically measured at all points within the sampling area.The survey of the bacteriological parameters revealed high bacterial counts during the whole monitoring period, especially in the mussels and sediments, as well as seasonal variability. Statistical analyses revealed positive correlation between the loads of fecal pollutants and rainfall during the winter period, and between the loads of Vibrionaceae and salinity and temperature during the summer period.These results highlight the negative anthropogenic bacterial effect within the mussel farming areas: sewage discharges in winter, and the growth of autochthonous pathogenic bacteria during the summer period, have a considerable influence on the mussel culture in the Bizerte Lagoon.
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