4,432 results on '"Total Lung Capacity"'
Search Results
2. Comparison of lung volumes measured with computed tomography and whole-body plethysmography – a systematic review
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Høgni Janus Bjarnason Olsen and Jann Mortensen
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Systematic review ,total lung capacity ,functional residual capacity ,residual volume ,static lung volumes ,computed tomography ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Introduction Whole-body plethysmography is the preferred method for measuring the static lung volumes: total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV), as it also incorporates trapped gas – a common finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Quantitative computed tomography (CT) is a promising alternative to plethysmography, which can be challenging to perform for patients with severely impaired lung function. The present systematic review explores the agreement between lung volumes measured by plethysmography and CT, as well as the attempts being made to optimize alignment between these two methods.Methods A literature search was performed on the PubMed database using the block search strategy. Articles were included if they provided both CT based and plethysmography based TLC. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) checklist.Results 22 articles were included. On average, CT-derived TLC (CT-TLC) was 709 mL lower compared to plethysmography TLC (p-TLC) with a 12.1% deviation from the reference standard, p-TLC. This discrepancy (ΔTLC) appeared slightly larger in obstructive patients (obstructive: 781 mL, non-obstructive: 609 mL), whereas percent deviation was slightly smaller (obstructive: 11.4%, non-obstructive: 13.5%). CT-based RV analyses primarily based on COPD patients measured 603 mL higher than plethysmography (p-RV) with 17.8% deviation from p-RV. Studies utilizing spirometry-gating for CT acquisition reported good agreement between modalities (ΔTLC: 70–280 mL), and one study demonstrated noticeable improvements compared to conventional breath-hold instructions in an otherwise identical study setting.Conclusion CT quantifications routinely underestimate TLC and overestimate RV in comparison to plethysmography. Spirometry gating reduces the level of disagreement and can be of assistance when patients are already undergoing CT. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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- 2024
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3. A comparative study of CT-based volumetric assessment methods for total lung capacity with the development of an adjustment factor: incorporating VR imaging for improved accuracy.
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Yogev, David, Chatarji, Sumit, Carl, Lawerence, Levy, Liran, Goldberg, Tomer, Feinberg, Omer, Illouz, Shay, Spector, Robert, Parmet, Yisrael, and Tejman-Yarden, Shai
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LUNG volume measurements ,CAPACITY building ,LUNG development ,PULMONARY function tests ,COMPUTED tomography ,IMAGE reconstruction algorithms - Abstract
Physiological methods for measuring total lung capacity (TLC), including body-box plethysmography (BBP), are costly and require specialized expertise. Computed tomography (CT)-based TLC assessment is essential in clinical practice for candidates of lung transplantation and those unable to undergo standard lung function testing. While CT-based algorithms were studied to estimate TLC, their accuracy should be further evaluated. This study aimed to compare the BBP measurement of TLC (TLCpleth) with three CT-based methods for measuring TLC, one of them is an innovative virtual reality (VR)-based method. Additionally, we aimed to develop an adjustment factor that will allow a new, non-invasive, cost-effective estimation of the TLCpleth. TLC was calculated for 24 adult patients using three different CT-based volumetric assessment methods: an older region-growing algorithm (TLCrg), a more recent convolutional neural network-based algorithm (TLCcnn), and a VR-based method (TLCvr). Agreement between each method and TLCpleth was evaluated, and an adjustment factor was developed using linear regression. The correlation between the three CT-based methods and TLCpleth ranged from 0.91 to 0.92 (p < 0.001). TLCvr measurements were 80.13% (CI:75.08–85.18%, P < 0.001) of TLCpleth measures, whereas TLCcnn and TLCrg estimates were 71.3% and 77.1% of TLCpleth, respectively. An adjustment factor is proposed to estimate TLCpleth based on the three CT-based methods. This study is the first to evaluate the correlation between BBP, VR volumetric analysis, and two iterations of CT volumetric software for measuring total lung capacity (TLC). After being corrected by an adjustment factor, VR- and CT-based assessments provide accurate estimates of TLCpleth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Resting metabolic rate and lung function in fasted and fed rough‐toothed dolphins, Steno bredanensis.
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Fahlman, Andreas, Rhieu, Kaylee, Alessi, Brie, Marquardt, Shelly, Schisa, Michelle B., Sanchez‐Contreras, Guillermo J., and Larsson, Josefin
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AQUATIC mammals ,DOLPHINS ,LUNG volume measurements ,MANAGED care programs ,PULMONARY function tests - Abstract
We measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (fR), respiratory flow, and end‐expired gases in rough‐toothed dolphins (Steno bredanensis) housed in managed care after an overnight fast and 1–2 hr following a meal. The measured average (± standard deviation) VT (4.0 ± 1.3 L) and fR (1.9 ± 1.0 breaths/min) were higher and lower, respectively, as compared with estimated values from both terrestrial and aquatic mammals, and the average VT was 43% of the estimated total lung capacity. The end‐expired gas levels suggested that this species keep alveolar O2 (10.6% or 80 mmHg) and CO2 (7.6% or 57 mmHg), and likely arterial gas tensions, low and high, respectively, to maximize efficiency of gas exchange. We show that following an overnight fast, the RMR (566 ± 158 ml O2/min) was 1.8 times the estimated value predicted by Kleiber for terrestrial mammals of the same size. We also show that between 1 and 2 hr after ingestion of a meal, the metabolic rate increases an average of 29% (709 ± 126 ml O2/min). Both body mass (Mb) and fR significantly altered the measured RMR and we propose that both these variables should be measured when estimating energy use in cetaceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Differences in Total Lung capacity among Indians and Europeans.
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Vanjare, Nitin Vasant, Rao, P. Kameshwar, Jadhav, Sushma, Rasam, Shweta, and Salvi, Sundeep
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LUNG volume measurements , *LUNG volume , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *CORRECTION factors , *AGE groups , *VOLUNTEERS - Abstract
Background: Total lung capacity (TLC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation. TLC mainly depends on various factors/predictors such as height, age, gender, and ethnicity, and therefore, population-specific reference equations should be used. Currently, in India, we use the (European committee for coal and steel [ECCS], published in the year 1993) reference equation with no correction factor for TLC. It is recommended that the reference equation should be tested on a sample of local healthy participants, differences between the measured values and the predicted values are determined to see if the reference equation is a suitable/good fit for the population. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the actual values of TLC from the healthy male and female volunteers from Pune city with the reference values obtained from the ECCS equations in these participants and determine the correction factor/percent differences between the mean values for different age and height groups. Design and Setting: A prospective, cross-sectional study of lung function measurements (TLC) by body plethysmography was carried out in a research center. Methodology: TLC was measured by Jaeger's Body Plethysmograph (model: Master scope) according to the recommendation of the American Thoracic Society's/European Respiratory Society's standards 2005 in a sample of 241 healthy nonsmoking volunteers (150 men and 82 women) aged 20-70 years, living in Pune city of Maharashtra, India. Statistical Analysis: The mean of actual TLC and the reference TLC were plotted against the different age groups and height groups and percentage difference was determined. Multiple linear regression was carried out to find the predictive equations for TLC parameter measured by the body plethysmography. Age, height, and weight were used as the predictors (independent variables) in the multiple regression analysis. Since sex is also a predictor of TLC, separate models were run for men and women. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the measured TLC and the reference TLC obtained from the ECCS equation in both males (5.05 L ± 0.69 vs. 6.3 L ± 0.50) and females (3.69 L ± 0.54 vs. 4.39 L ± 0.36), respectively. Males have higher TLC as compared to females of the same age and height. The mean of actual TLC and the reference TLC was plotted against different age groups and height groups, and percentage difference was determined. The percentage differences ranged from 17% to 21% in males and 13%-17% in females. Conclusion: The ECCS equation is not suitable for Pune population and may lead to misinterpretation of restrictive lung diseases and hyperinflation. A correction factor of 18.5% in males and 15% in females may be used for the ECCS equation for TLC in Pune population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Differences in total lung capacity among Indians and Europeans
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Nitin Vasant Vanjare, P Kameshwar Rao, Sushma Jadhav, Shweta Rasam, and Sundeep Salvi
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body plethysmography ,correction factor ,european committee for coal and steel ,lung function tests ,reference equation ,restrictive lung disease ,total lung capacity ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Total lung capacity (TLC) is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inhalation. TLC mainly depends on various factors/predictors such as height, age, gender, and ethnicity, and therefore, population-specific reference equations should be used. Currently, in India, we use the (European committee for coal and steel [ECCS], published in the year 1993) reference equation with no correction factor for TLC. It is recommended that the reference equation should be tested on a sample of local healthy participants, differences between the measured values and the predicted values are determined to see if the reference equation is a suitable/good fit for the population. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the actual values of TLC from the healthy male and female volunteers from Pune city with the reference values obtained from the ECCS equations in these participants and determine the correction factor/percent differences between the mean values for different age and height groups. Design and Setting: A prospective, cross-sectional study of lung function measurements (TLC) by body plethysmography was carried out in a research center. Methodology: TLC was measured by Jaeger's Body Plethysmograph (model: Master scope) according to the recommendation of the American Thoracic Society's/European Respiratory Society's standards 2005 in a sample of 241 healthy nonsmoking volunteers (150 men and 82 women) aged 20–70 years, living in Pune city of Maharashtra, India. Statistical Analysis: The mean of actual TLC and the reference TLC were plotted against the different age groups and height groups and percentage difference was determined. Multiple linear regression was carried out to find the predictive equations for TLC parameter measured by the body plethysmography. Age, height, and weight were used as the predictors (independent variables) in the multiple regression analysis. Since sex is also a predictor of TLC, separate models were run for men and women. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the measured TLC and the reference TLC obtained from the ECCS equation in both males (5.05 L ± 0.69 vs. 6.3 L ± 0.50) and females (3.69 L ± 0.54 vs. 4.39 L ± 0.36), respectively. Males have higher TLC as compared to females of the same age and height. The mean of actual TLC and the reference TLC was plotted against different age groups and height groups, and percentage difference was determined. The percentage differences ranged from 17% to 21% in males and 13%–17% in females. Conclusion: The ECCS equation is not suitable for Pune population and may lead to misinterpretation of restrictive lung diseases and hyperinflation. A correction factor of 18.5% in males and 15% in females may be used for the ECCS equation for TLC in Pune population.
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- 2023
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7. Low FVC/TLC in Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) is associated with features of and progression to obstructive lung disease.
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Fortis, Spyridon, Comellas, Alejandro, Kim, Victor, Casaburi, Richard, Hokanson, John E, Crapo, James D, Silverman, Edwin K, and Wan, Emily S
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Lung ,Humans ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Pulmonary Emphysema ,Disease Progression ,Tomography ,X-Ray Computed ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Total Lung Capacity ,Vital Capacity ,Forced Expiratory Volume ,Spirometry ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male - Abstract
One quarter of individuals with Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) will develop airflow obstruction, but there are no established methods to identify these individuals. We examined the utility of FVC/TLC in identifying features of obstructive lung disease. The ratio of post-bronchodilator FVC and TLCCT from chest CT (FVC/TLCCT) among current and former smokers with PRISm (FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7 and FEV1
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- 2020
8. Total Lung Capacity Maneuver as a Tool Screen the Relative Lung Volume in Balb/c Mice
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Lino-Alvarado, A. E., Santana, J. L., Vitorasso, R. L., Oliveira, M. A., Tavares-Lima, W., Moriya, H. T., Magjarevic, Ratko, Series Editor, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Associate Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Associate Editor, Lackovic, Igor, Associate Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Associate Editor, Bastos-Filho, Teodiano Freire, editor, de Oliveira Caldeira, Eliete Maria, editor, and Frizera-Neto, Anselmo, editor
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- 2022
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9. Air pollution enhance the progression of restrictive lung function impairment and diffusion capacity reduction: an elderly cohort study
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Chi-Hsien Chen, Chih-Da Wu, Ya Ling Lee, Kang-Yun Lee, Wen-Yi Lin, Jih-I Yeh, Hsing-Chun Chen, and Yue-Liang Leon Guo
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Air pollution ,Nitrogen dioxide ,Particulates ,Lung function ,Total lung capacity ,Residual volume ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Background Some evidences have shown the association between air pollution exposure and the development of interstitial lung diseases. However, the effect of air pollution on the progression of restrictive ventilatory impairment and diffusion capacity reduction is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on the change rates of total lung capacity, residual volume, and diffusion capacity among the elderly. Methods From 2016 to 2018, single-breath helium dilution with the diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide was performed once per year on 543 elderly individuals. Monthly concentrations of ambient fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and nitric dioxide (NO2) at the individual residential address were estimated using a hybrid Kriging/Land-use regression model. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between long-term (12 months) exposure to air pollution and lung function with adjustment for potential covariates, including basic characteristics, indoor air pollution (second-hand smoke, cooking fume, and incense burning), physician diagnosed diseases (asthma and chronic airway diseases), dusty job history, and short-term (lag one month) air pollution exposure. Results An interquartile range (5.37 ppb) increase in long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an additional rate of decline in total lung volume (− 1.8% per year, 95% CI: − 2.8 to − 0.9%), residual volume (− 3.3% per year, 95% CI: − 5.0 to − 1.6%), ratio of residual volume to total lung volume (− 1.6% per year, 95% CI: − 2.6 to − 0.5%), and diffusion capacity (− 1.1% per year, 95% CI: − 2.0 to − 0.2%). There is no effect on the transfer factor (ratio of diffusion capacity to alveolar volume). The effect of NO2 remained robust after adjustment for PM2.5 exposure. Conclusions Long-term exposure to ambient NO2 is associated with an accelerated decline in static lung volume and diffusion capacity in the elderly. NO2 related air pollution may be a risk factor for restrictive lung disorders.
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- 2022
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10. Assessment of respiratory function and exercise tolerance at 4–6 months after COVID‐19 infection in patients with pneumonia of different severity.
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Pini, Laura, Montori, Rossano, Giordani, Jordan, Guerini, Michele, Orzes, Nicla, Ciarfaglia, Manuela, Arici, Marianna, Cappelli, Carlo, Piva, Simone, Latronico, Nicola, Muiesan, Maria L., and Tantucci, Claudio
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VIRAL pneumonia , *INTENSIVE care units , *COVID-19 , *EXERCISE tolerance , *INTERNAL medicine , *LUNGS , *RESPIRATORY measurements , *SEVERITY of illness index , *COMPARATIVE studies , *PULMONARY function tests , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *SPIROMETRY , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
Background: The evaluation of COVID‐19 systemic consequences is a wide research field in which respiratory function assessment has a pivotal role. However, the available data in the literature are still sparse and need further strengthening. Aim: To assess respiratory function 4–6 months after hospital discharge based on lung disease severity in patients who overcome COVID‐19 pneumonia. Methods: Patients hospitalised either in the Internal Medicine Department (IMD) for moderate to severe disease or in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for critical disease underwent spirometry with maximal flow‐volume curve, lung volumes, lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) and six‐minute walking test (6‐MWT). Results: Eighty‐eight patients were analysed: 40 from the IMD and 48 from the ICU. In both cohorts, there was a greater prevalence of male patients. In the IMD cohort, 38% of patients showed at least one altered respiratory parameter, while 62% in the ICU cohort did so (P < 0.05). Total lung capacity (TLC) and DLCO were the most frequently altered parameters: 15% and 33% from IMD versus 33% and 56% from ICU, respectively (P < 0.05). In IMD patients, 5% had only restrictive deficit, 22% had only lung diffusion impairment and 10% had both. In ICU patients, 6% had only restrictive deficit, 29% had only lung diffusion impairment and 27% had both (P < 0.05). ICU patients showed a higher frequency of abnormal 6‐MWT (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Lung function tests and 6‐MWT are highly informative tools for monitoring the negative consequences of COVID‐19 pneumonia, which were more frequent and more complex in patients discharged from ICU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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11. IMPACTS OF COLD AIR ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION AND ATHLETIC SKILLS IN SYNCHRONIZED SWIMMING.
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Jinming Zhang
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SWIMMERS ,SWIMMING ,VITAL capacity (Respiration) ,AEROBIC metabolism ,PHYSICAL training & conditioning - Abstract
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- 2023
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12. Predicting total lung capacity from spirometry: a machine learning approach
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Luka Beverin, Marko Topalovic, Armin Halilovic, Paul Desbordes, Wim Janssens, and Maarten De Vos
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restriction ,spirometry ,machine learning ,interstitial lung disease ,total lung capacity ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background and objectiveSpirometry patterns can suggest that a patient has a restrictive ventilatory impairment; however, lung volume measurements such as total lung capacity (TLC) are required to confirm the diagnosis. The aim of the study was to train a supervised machine learning model that can accurately estimate TLC values from spirometry and subsequently identify which patients would most benefit from undergoing a complete pulmonary function test.MethodsWe trained three tree-based machine learning models on 51,761 spirometry data points with corresponding TLC measurements. We then compared model performance using an independent test set consisting of 1,402 patients. The best-performing model was used to retrospectively identify restrictive ventilatory impairment in the same test set. The algorithm was compared against different spirometry patterns commonly used to predict restriction.ResultsThe prevalence of restrictive ventilatory impairment in the test set is 16.7% (234/1402). CatBoost was the best-performing machine learning model. It predicted TLC with a mean squared error (MSE) of 560.1 mL. The sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score of the optimal algorithm for predicting restrictive ventilatory impairment was 83, 92, and 75%, respectively.ConclusionA machine learning model trained on spirometry data can estimate TLC to a high degree of accuracy. This approach could be used to develop future smart home-based spirometry solutions, which could aid decision making and self-monitoring in patients with restrictive lung diseases.
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- 2023
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13. Investigation of the Relationship between Genetic Polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 Genes and Susceptibility to Lung Functional Abnormalities in Workers Exposed to Air Pollutants at Isfahan Steel Plant
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Sepideh Tousizadeh, Mansour Salehi, Fazel Mohammadi-Moghadam, Behnaz Tousizadeh, and Sara Hemati
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total lung capacity ,glutathione s-transferase m1 ,air pollutants ,isfahan city. ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Introduction: Gaseous air pollutants can cause oxidative stress, which can lead to lung damage by inducing inflammation. Polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including lung disease. Two glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) genes belong to this family, in which deletions occur and the resulting alleles are unable to produce active enzymes. Materials and Methods: In this study, 41 steel plant workers with impaired lung function were selected. Multiplex PCR technique was used to identify the genotyping of GST M1 and T1. Results: The results of the frequency of gene deletion among 41 patients showed that there were 10 individuals (17.2%) with deletion of GSTM1 gene, 4 individuals (11.8%) with deletion of GSTT1 gene. The results of the frequency of gene deletion among 50 healthy individuals (control group) also showed that there were 8 individuals (8.5%) with deletion of GSTM1 gene, and 12 individuals (8.3%) with deletion of GSTT1 gene. There were 7 individuals (14%) without deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1 removal. The results of Chi-square test between healthy and sick groups showed no significance at the level of p < 0.05. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the sensitivity to lung function abnormalities in steel workers is directly related to the duration of employment.
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- 2022
14. The Effect of Lung Volume on the Size and Volume of Pulmonary Subsolid Nodules on CT: Intraindividual Comparison between Total Lung Capacity and Tidal Volume
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Hyunji Lee, Chansik An, and Seok Jong Ryu
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multidetector computed tomography ,total lung capacity ,tidal volume ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Purpose To examine the effect of lung volume on the size and volume of pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) measured on CT. Materials and Methods A total of 42 SSNs from 31 patients were included. CT examination was first performed at total lung capacity (TLC), and a section containing the nodule was additionally scanned at tidal volume (TV). The diameter and volume of each SSN, as well as the crosssectional lung area containing the nodule, were measured. The significance of the changes in measurements between TLC and TV within the same individuals was evaluated. Results The lung area and the diameter and volume of SSNs decreased significantly at TV by 12.7 cm2, 0.5 mm, and 46.4 mm3 on average, respectively (p < 0.001), compared to those at TLC. Changes in lung area between TV and TLC were positively correlated with the change in SSN diameter (p = 0.027) and volume (p = 0.014). However, after correction (by considering the change in lung area), the changes in SSN diameter (p = 0.124) and volume (p = 0.062) were not significantly different. Conclusion SSN size and volume can be significantly affected by lung volume during CT scans of the same individuals.
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- 2021
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15. Air pollution enhance the progression of restrictive lung function impairment and diffusion capacity reduction: an elderly cohort study.
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Chen, Chi-Hsien, Wu, Chih-Da, Lee, Ya Ling, Lee, Kang-Yun, Lin, Wen-Yi, Yeh, Jih-I, Chen, Hsing-Chun, and Guo, Yue-Liang Leon
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AIR pollution , *INDOOR air pollution , *INTERSTITIAL lung diseases , *LUNG volume , *KIRKENDALL effect - Abstract
Background: Some evidences have shown the association between air pollution exposure and the development of interstitial lung diseases. However, the effect of air pollution on the progression of restrictive ventilatory impairment and diffusion capacity reduction is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on the change rates of total lung capacity, residual volume, and diffusion capacity among the elderly.Methods: From 2016 to 2018, single-breath helium dilution with the diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide was performed once per year on 543 elderly individuals. Monthly concentrations of ambient fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and nitric dioxide (NO2) at the individual residential address were estimated using a hybrid Kriging/Land-use regression model. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between long-term (12 months) exposure to air pollution and lung function with adjustment for potential covariates, including basic characteristics, indoor air pollution (second-hand smoke, cooking fume, and incense burning), physician diagnosed diseases (asthma and chronic airway diseases), dusty job history, and short-term (lag one month) air pollution exposure.Results: An interquartile range (5.37 ppb) increase in long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an additional rate of decline in total lung volume (- 1.8% per year, 95% CI: - 2.8 to - 0.9%), residual volume (- 3.3% per year, 95% CI: - 5.0 to - 1.6%), ratio of residual volume to total lung volume (- 1.6% per year, 95% CI: - 2.6 to - 0.5%), and diffusion capacity (- 1.1% per year, 95% CI: - 2.0 to - 0.2%). There is no effect on the transfer factor (ratio of diffusion capacity to alveolar volume). The effect of NO2 remained robust after adjustment for PM2.5 exposure.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to ambient NO2 is associated with an accelerated decline in static lung volume and diffusion capacity in the elderly. NO2 related air pollution may be a risk factor for restrictive lung disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Comparison of lung volumes measured with computed tomography and whole-body plethysmography - a systematic review.
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Olsen HJB and Mortensen J
- Abstract
Introduction: Whole-body plethysmography is the preferred method for measuring the static lung volumes: total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV), as it also incorporates trapped gas - a common finding in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Quantitative computed tomography (CT) is a promising alternative to plethysmography, which can be challenging to perform for patients with severely impaired lung function. The present systematic review explores the agreement between lung volumes measured by plethysmography and CT, as well as the attempts being made to optimize alignment between these two methods., Methods: A literature search was performed on the PubMed database using the block search strategy. Articles were included if they provided both CT based and plethysmography based TLC. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) checklist., Results: 22 articles were included. On average, CT-derived TLC (CT-TLC) was 709 mL lower compared to plethysmography TLC (p-TLC) with a 12.1% deviation from the reference standard, p-TLC. This discrepancy (ΔTLC) appeared slightly larger in obstructive patients (obstructive: 781 mL, non-obstructive: 609 mL), whereas percent deviation was slightly smaller (obstructive: 11.4%, non-obstructive: 13.5%). CT-based RV analyses primarily based on COPD patients measured 603 mL higher than plethysmography (p-RV) with 17.8% deviation from p-RV. Studies utilizing spirometry-gating for CT acquisition reported good agreement between modalities (ΔTLC: 70-280 mL), and one study demonstrated noticeable improvements compared to conventional breath-hold instructions in an otherwise identical study setting., Conclusion: CT quantifications routinely underestimate TLC and overestimate RV in comparison to plethysmography. Spirometry gating reduces the level of disagreement and can be of assistance when patients are already undergoing CT. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)
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- 2024
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17. Comprehensive appraisal of lung function in young COPD patients: a single center observational study.
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Tan L, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Liu S, Lin J, Huang J, Liang L, Peng K, Gao Y, and Zheng J
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- Humans, Male, Female, Retrospective Studies, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, Young Adult, Lung physiopathology, Forced Expiratory Volume, Age Factors, China epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Total Lung Capacity, Smoking epidemiology, Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive physiopathology, Respiratory Function Tests
- Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and lung function impairment in young people diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)., Patients and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with COPD who underwent symptom assessment and comprehensive pulmonary function tests at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between August 2017 and March 2022. The patients were categorized into two groups based on age: a young COPD group (aged 20-50 years) and an old COPD group (aged > 50 years)., Results: A total of 1282 patients with COPD were included in the study, with 76 young COPD patients and 1206 old COPD patients. Young COPD patients exhibited a higher likelihood of being asymptomatic, lower rates of smoking, and a lower smoking index compared to old COPD patients. Although young COPD patients had higher median post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (post-BD FEV
1 ) (1.4 vs.1.2 L, P = 0.019), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL CO) (7.2 vs. 4.6, P<0.001), and a lower median residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC) compared to their older counterparts, there were no differences observed in severity distribution by GOLD categories or the proportion of lung hyperinflation (RV/TLC%pred > 120%) between two groups. Surprisingly, the prevalence of reduced DL CO was found to be 71.1% in young COPD, although lower than in old COPD (85.2%)., Conclusion: Young COPD showed fewer respiratory symptoms, yet displayed a similar severity distribution by GOLD categories. Furthermore, a majority of them demonstrated lung hyperinflation and reduced DL CO. These results underscore the importance of a comprehensive assessment of lung function in young COPD patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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18. Hypercapnia and lung function parameters in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Gernhold L, Neurohr C, Tsitouras K, Lutz N, Briese S, and Ghiani A
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- Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Middle Aged, Forced Expiratory Volume, Vital Capacity, Lung physiopathology, Logistic Models, Total Lung Capacity, Respiratory Function Tests, Hypercapnia physiopathology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive physiopathology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications, Spirometry, ROC Curve
- Abstract
Background: In advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hypercapnia may occur due to severe bronchial obstruction with lung hyperinflation. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) provides the standard of care intended to achieve physiological PCO
2 levels, thereby reducing overall mortality. The present study aimed to evaluate pulmonary function parameters derived from spirometry (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1]), body plethysmography (residual volume [RV], total lung capacity [TLC]), and lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (single-breath method [DCO-SB], alveolar-volume corrected values [DCO-VA]) as predictors of chronic hypercapnia in patients with advanced COPD., Methods: This monocentric, retrospective observational study included 423 COPD patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and cross-validation were used to assess lung function parameters' diagnostic accuracy for predicting chronic hypercapnia, with the resulting performance expressed as area under the ROC curve (AUROC). We performed univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to determine if these parameters were independently associated with chronic hypercapnia, with probabilities reported as odds ratios [OR] with 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]., Results: FVC% (AUROC 0.77 [95%CI 0.72-0.81], P < 0.01) and FEV1% (AURIC 0.75 [95%CI 0.70-0.79], P < 0.01) exhibited reasonable accuracy in the prediction of chronic hypercapnia, whereas lung diffusion capacity performed poorly (AUROC 0.64 [95%CI 0.58-0.71] for DCO-SB%, P < 0.01). FVC% (OR 0.95 [95%CI 0.93-0.97], P < 0.01) and FEV1% (OR 0.97 [95%CI 0.94-0.99], P = 0.029) were the only parameters associated independently with chronic hypercapnia in logistic regression analysis. FVC and FEV1 thresholds that best separated hypercapnic from normocapnic subjects reached 56% and 33% of predicted values., Conclusions: Routinely collected pulmonary function parameters, particularly FVC% and FEV1%, may predict chronic hypercapnia during COPD progression., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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19. Restrictive spirometry versus restrictive lung function using the GLI reference values.
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Myrberg, Tomi, Lindberg, Anne, Eriksson, Berne, Hedman, Linnea, Stridsman, Caroline, Lundbäck, Bo, Rönmark, Eva, and Backman, Helena
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- *
REFERENCE values , *SPIROMETRY , *LUNGS , *LUNG volume measurements , *PULMONARY function tests - Abstract
Background: Restrictive lung function may indicate various underlying diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of different restrictive spirometry patterns (RSPs) to identify restrictive lung function (total lung capacity [TLC] < lower limit of normal [LLN]) according to reference values by the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) in a wide age‐ranged, general population sample. Methods: A general population sample (n = 607, age 23–72 years, smokers 18.8%) with proper dynamic spirometry and TLC measurements, was included. Accuracy of two main categories of RSP to identify TLC < LLN were evaluated: traditional RSPs (definition 1: FVC < 80% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7 and definition 2: FVC < LLN and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN) and RSPs defined by Youden's method (definition 3: FVC < 85.5% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN and definition 4: FVC Z‐score < −1.0 and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN). Results: The prevalence of restrictive lung function (TLC < LLN) was 5.3%. The most accurate cut‐offs for FVC to identify TLC < LLN were 85.5% for FVC% of predicted, and −1.0 for FVC Z‐score. The traditional RSP definitions 1 and 2 had higher specificity (95.0% and 96.9%) but substantially lower sensitivity compared to RSP definitions 3 and 4. Conclusion: Based on the GLI reference values, the RSP definition FVC < LLN and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN yielded the highest specificity and may appropriately be used to rule out restrictive lung function. The RSP definition with the most favourable trade‐off between sensitivity and specificity, FVC < 85.5% of predicted and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN, may serve as an alternative with higher sensitivity for screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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20. Clinical impact of long-term change in air trapping on pulmonary function and computed tomography parameters in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Jeong Uk Lim, Jae Seung Lee, Ji-Hyun Lee, Sang-Do Lee, Yeon-Mok Oh, Chin Kook Rhee, and for the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) Study Group
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emphysema ,chronic obstructive lung disease ,residual volume ,total lung capacity ,Medicine - Abstract
Background/Aims Air trapping is associated with unfavorable outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The present study evaluated the association between longitudinal changes in air trapping with pulmonary function, computed tomography (CT) parameters and exacerbation. Methods Patients enrolled in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) study cohort from June 2005 to October 2015 were included. The study patients were categorized into four groups according to the change in residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC) over 3 years. The RV/TLC was considered abnormal when it was ≥ 40% and normal when it was < 40%. Results A total of 279 patients were categorized into four groups: 76 in the “normal to normal” (N→N) group, 34 in the “abnormal to normal” (A→N) group, 33 in the “normal to abnormal” (N→A) group, and 136 in the “abnormal to abnormal” (A→A) group. For forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity (FVC), respectively, group A→N showed a large increase of 266 mL (p < 0.001) and 381 mL (p < 0.001), group N→A showed a marked decrease of 216 mL (p < 0.001) and 332 mL(p = 0.029), and group A→A showed a decrease of 16 mL (p = 0.426) and 6 mL (p = 0.011) compared to group N→N. Group A→N showed a significant decrease of −0.013 in expiratory to inspiratory ratio of the mean lung density (p < 0.001), while group A→N showed an increase of 0.005 (p < 0.001). Conclusions Patients with COPD whose RV/TLC changed from normal to abnormal showed deterioration of pulmonary function and worsening of CT parameters simultaneously.
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- 2021
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21. Delayed Chest Closure for Oversized Lung Allograft in Lung Transplantation: a Retrospective Analysis from Turkey
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Ali Yeginsu, Ahmet Erdal Tasci, Mustafa Vayvada, Bulent Aydemir, Nigar Halis, Atakan Erkilinç, Sevinc Citak, and Ersin Cardak
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Surgical Wound Infection ,Reoperation ,Airway Extubation ,Lung Transplantation ,Total Lung Capacity ,Tissue Donors ,Thorax ,Intensive Care Units ,Allografts. ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the delayed chest closure (DCC) results in patients who underwent lung transplantation. Methods: Sixty patients were evaluated retrospectively. Only bilateral lung transplantations and DCC for oversized lung allograft (OLA) were included in the study. Six patients who underwent single lung transplantation, four patients who underwent lobar transplantation, two patients who underwent retransplantation, and four patients who underwent DCC due to bleeding risk were excluded from the study. Forty-four patients were divided into groups as primary chest closure (PCC) (n=28) and DCC (n=16). Demographics, donor characteristics, and operative features and outcomes of the patients were compared. Results: The mean age was 44.5 years. There was no significant difference between the demographics of the groups (P>0.05). The donor/recipient predicted total lung capacity ratio was significantly higher in the DCC group than in the PCC group (1.06 vs. 0.96, P=0.008). Extubation time (4.3 vs. 3.1 days, P=0.002) and intensive care unit length of stay (7.6 vs. 5.2 days, P=0.016) were significantly higher in the DCC group than in the PCC group. In the DCC group, postoperative wound infection was significantly higher than in the PCC group (18.6% vs. 0%, P=0.19). Median survival was 14 months in all patients and there was no significant difference in survival between the groups (16 vs. 13 months, P=0.300). Conclusion: DCC is a safe and effective method for the management of OLA in lung transplantation.
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- 2021
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22. Spirometry, Static Lung Volumes, and Diffusing Capacity.
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Vaz Fragoso, Carlos A, Cain, Hilary C, Casaburi, Richard, Lee, Patty J, Iannone, Lynne, Leo-Summers, Linda S, and Van Ness, Peter H
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Lung ,Adult ,Aged ,Airway Obstruction ,Female ,Functional Residual Capacity ,Humans ,Least-Squares Analysis ,Linear Models ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Multivariate Analysis ,Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ,Residual Volume ,Retrospective Studies ,Spirometry ,Total Lung Capacity ,spirometry ,Global Lung Initiative ,static lung volumes ,restriction ,hyperinflation ,air trapping ,diffusing capacity ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Respiratory System ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
BackgroundSpirometric Z-scores from the Global Lung Initiative (GLI) rigorously account for age-related changes in lung function and are thus age-appropriate when establishing spirometric impairments, including a restrictive pattern and air-flow obstruction. However, GLI-defined spirometric impairments have not yet been evaluated regarding associations with static lung volumes (total lung capacity [TLC], functional residual capacity [FRC], and residual volume [RV]) and gas exchange (diffusing capacity).MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of pulmonary function tests in subjects ≥40 y old (mean age 64.6 y), including pre-bronchodilator measures for: spirometry (n = 2,586), static lung volumes by helium dilution with inspiratory capacity maneuver (n = 2,586), and hemoglobin-adjusted single-breath diffusing capacity (n = 2,508). Using multivariable linear regression, adjusted least-squares means (adjLSMeans) were calculated for TLC, FRC, RV, and hemoglobin-adjusted single-breath diffusing capacity. The adjLSMeans were expressed with and without height-cubed standardization and stratified by GLI-defined spirometry, including normal (n = 1,251), restrictive pattern (n = 663), and air-flow obstruction (mild, [n = 128]; moderate, [n = 150]; and severe, [n = 394]).ResultsRelative to normal spirometry, restrictive-pattern had lower adjLSMeans for TLC, FRC, RV, and hemoglobin-adjusted single-breath diffusing capacity (P ≤ .001). Conversely, relative to normal spirometry, mild, moderate, and severe air-flow obstruction had higher adjLSMeans for FRC and RV (P < .001). However, only mild and moderate air-flow obstruction had higher adjLSMeans for TLC (P < .001), while only moderate and severe air-flow obstruction had higher adjLSMeans for RV/TLC (P < .001) and lower adjLSMeans for hemoglobin-adjusted single-breath diffusing capacity (P < .001). Notably, TLC (calculated as FRC + inspiratory capacity) was not increased in severe air-flow obstruction (P ≥ .11) because inspiratory capacity decreased with increasing air-flow obstruction (P < .001), thus opposing the increased FRC (P < .001). Finally, P values were similar whether adjLSMeans were height-cubed standardized.ConclusionsA GLI-defined spirometric restrictive pattern is strongly associated with a restrictive ventilatory defect (decreased TLC, FRC, and RV), while GLI-defined spirometric air-flow obstruction is strongly associated with hyperinflation (increased FRC) and air trapping (increased RV and RV/TLC). Both spirometric impairments were strongly associated with impaired gas exchange (decreased hemoglobin-adjusted single-breath diffusing capacity).
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- 2017
23. Fisioterapia respiratoria en pacientes adultos post-COVID-19: revisión sistemática de la literatura.
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Karen Centeno-Cortez, Ana, Díaz-Chávez, Brenda, Romina Santoyo-Saavedra, Dafne, Antonio Álvarez-Méndez, Pablo, Pereda-Sámano, Regina, and Susana Acosta-Torres, Laura
- Abstract
Background: Patients with SARS-CoV-2 present signs and symptoms that primarily involve the respiratory system. The sequelae result in impaired quality of life, pneumonia, dyspnea, fatigue, and joint pain. Objective: To sustain with scientific evidence the importance of respiratory physiotherapy and its effects on post-acute COVID-19 adult patients. Material and methods: A systematic review was conducted in four databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). The searching period was carried out in February 2021 with a total of 1229 potential studies. Finally, 5 studies that met the eligibility criteria were included: two clinical trials, two case reports and one cross-sectional study. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated. Results: Respiratory muscle training, targeted breathing, and strength training provide significant data of improvement of functional performance. Evidence shows positive effects of respiratory physiotherapy in post-acute COVID-19 adult patients, since it increases resistance to exercise, it decreases fatigue, reduces dyspnea, improves functionality and quality of life. Conclusions: More future studies, such as randomized controlled trials, studies including lower age range groups, and individualized approaches, need to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
24. Air Trapping and the Risk of COPD Exacerbation: Analysis From Prospective KOCOSS Cohort
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Youlim Kim, Sang Hyuk Kim, Chin Kook Rhee, Jae Seung Lee, Chang Youl Lee, Deog Kyeom Kim, Kyeong-Cheol Shin, Ki Suck Jung, Kwang Ha Yoo, and Yong Bum Park
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chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,lung volume measurements ,total lung capacity ,exacerbation ,air trapping ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background and AimsAir trapping is a predictive index for a decline in lung function and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the role of air trapping in COPD exacerbation has rarely been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of air trapping as a continuous parameter on COPD exacerbation.Materials and MethodsTo evaluate air trapping, we identified the ratio of residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC) of patients with COPD from the Korean COPD Subgroup Study (KOCOSS) cohort, which is a multicenter-based, prospective, consecutive cohort in Korea. The primary outcome was a development of COPD exacerbation during 3 years of follow-up.ResultsOf 2,181 participants, 902 patients measured the RV/TLC ratio in the baseline enrollment, and 410 were evaluated for assessing the development of COPD exacerbation. Of 410 patients, the rate of moderate to severe exacerbation and severe exacerbation was 70.7% and 25.9%. A 10% increase of RV/TLC ratio increased the risk of the moderate to severe exacerbation by 35% and severe exacerbation by 36%. In subgroup analysis, an interaction effect between triple inhaled therapy and the RV/TLC ratio for severe exacerbation nullified the association between the RV/TLC ratio and severe exacerbation (p for interaction = 0.002).ConclusionsIn this prospective cohort study, we found that air trapping (representing RV/TLC ratio as a continuous parameter) showed an association with an increased risk of COPD exacerbation, particularly in patients who have not undergone triple inhaler therapy.
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- 2022
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25. Delayed Chest Closure for Oversized Lung Allograft in Lung Transplantation: a Retrospective Analysis from Turkey.
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Yeginsu, Ali, Tasci, Ahmet Erdal, Vayvada, Mustafa, Aydemir, Bulent, Halis, Nigar, Erkilinç, Atakan, Citak, Sevinc, and Cardak, Ersin
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LUNG transplantation ,SURGICAL site infections ,HOMOGRAFTS ,SURVIVAL rate ,INTENSIVE care units ,TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. ,TREATMENT effectiveness - Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the delayed chest closure (DCC) results in patients who underwent lung transplantation. Methods: Sixty patients were evaluated retrospectively. Only bilateral lung transplantations and DCC for oversized lung allograft (OLA) were included in the study. Six patients who underwent single lung transplantation, four patients who underwent lobar transplantation, two patients who underwent retransplantation, and four patients who underwent DCC due to bleeding risk were excluded from the study. Forty-four patients were divided into groups as primary chest closure (PCC) (n=28) and DCC (n=16). Demographics, donor characteristics, and operative features and outcomes of the patients were compared. Results: The mean age was 44.5 years. There was no significant difference between the demographics of the groups (P>0.05). The donor/recipient predicted total lung capacity ratio was significantly higher in the DCC group than in the PCC group (1.06 vs. 0.96, P=0.008). Extubation time (4.3 vs. 3.1 days, P=0.002) and intensive care unit length of stay (7.6 vs. 5.2 days, P=0.016) were significantly higher in the DCC group than in the PCC group. In the DCC group, postoperative wound infection was significantly higher than in the PCC group (18.6% vs. 0%, P=0.19). Median survival was 14 months in all patients and there was no significant difference in survival between the groups (16 vs. 13 months, P=0.300). Conclusion: DCC is a safe and effective method for the management of OLA in lung transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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26. Prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmonar en receptores de trasplante cardíaco.
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BARBAGELATA, LEANDRO, MASSON, WALTER, IGLESIAS, DIEGO, ROSSI, EMILIANO, BAROLO, RAMIRO, LEE, MARTÍN, CAPDEVILLE, SOFÍA, BELZITI, CÉSAR, MARENCHINO, RICARDO, and PIZARRO, RODOLFO
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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27. An alternative way to measure total lung capacity: a pilot study
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Laufer Bernhard, Krueger-Ziolek Sabine, Moeller Knut, Docherty Paul D., Hoeflinger Fabian, and Reindl Leonhard
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total lung capacity ,optoelectronic plethysmography ,respiratory parameters ,Medicine - Abstract
Total lung capacity is usually measured by a body plethysmograph or helium dilution methods. In this study an alternative approach to obtain total lung capacity of spontaneous breathing subjects is introduced. The device utilises an optoelectronic plethysmograph and a small tube, which measures mouth pressure and allows total lung capacity to be obtained, which differs less than 0.4 L from the total lung capacity of the body plethysmograph. The method shows potential to be a less burdensome method to estimate total lung capacity determination than the body plethysmograph.
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- 2020
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28. Concurrent Validity of the Static and Dynamic Measures of Inspiratory Muscle Strength: Comparison between Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and S-Index
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Guilherme de Souza Areias, Luan Rodrigues Santiago, Daniel Sobral Teixeira, and Michel Silva Reis
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Residual Volume ,Maximal Respiratory Pressures ,Linear Models ,Total Lung Capacity ,Muscle Strength ,Muscle Contraction ,Surgery ,RD1-811 ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Abstract Objective: To verify the concurrent validity between the inspiratory muscle strength (IMS) values obtained in static (maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP]) and dynamic (S-Index) assessments. Methods: Healthy individuals were submitted to two periods of evaluation: i) MIP, static maneuver to obtain IMS, determined by the Mueller’s maneuver from residual volume (RV) until total lung capacity (TLC); ii) and S-Index, inspiration against open airway starting from RV until TLC. Both measures were performed by the same evaluator and the subjects received the same instructions. Isolated maneuvers with differences < 10% were considered as reproducible measures. Results: Data from 45 subjects (21 males) were analyzed and that showed statistical difference between MIP and S-Index values (133.5 ± 33.3 and 125.6 ± 32.2 in cmH2O, respectively), with P=0.014. Linear regression showed r2=0.54 and S-Index prediction formula = 39.8+(0.75×MIP). Pearson’s correlation demonstrated a strong and significant association between the measures with r=0.74. The measurements showed good concordance evidenced by the Bland-Altman test. Conclusion: S-Index and MIP do not present similar values since they are evaluations of different events of the muscular contraction. However, they have a strong correlation and good agreement, which indicate that both are able to evaluate the IMS of healthy individuals.
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- 2020
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29. "Horses for courses" computed tomography or predicted total lung capacity for size matching in lung transplantation.
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McMenimen JD, Gauthier JM, Puri V, and Vazquez Guillamet R
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- Humans, Total Lung Capacity, Tissue Donors, Lung diagnostic imaging, Lung surgery, Organ Size, Lung Transplantation, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Abstract
Size-matching donors to recipients in lung transplantation continues to be a clinical challenge. Predicted total lung capacity equations, or more simply, donor and recipient heights, while widely used, are imprecise and may not be representative of the pool of donors and recipients. These inherent limitations may result in size discrepancies. The advent of easily accessible software and the widespread availability of computed tomography (CT) imaging in donor assessments have made it possible to directly measure lung volumes in donors and recipients. As a result, there is a growing interest in adopting personalized CT volumetry as an alternative. This article explores both methods and underscores the potential benefits and precision offered by CT., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to disclose, as described by the American Journal of Transplantation., (Copyright © 2024 American Society of Transplantation & American Society of Transplant Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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30. Do middle-aged patients with onset of idiopathic scoliosis before the age of 10 years who have reduced pulmonary function have a risk for rapid decline - a comparative study.
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Danielsson AJ and Hällerman KL
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- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Vital Capacity, Middle Aged, Disease Progression, Follow-Up Studies, Child, Total Lung Capacity, Respiratory Function Tests, Blood Gas Analysis, Braces, Surveys and Questionnaires, Age of Onset, Scoliosis physiopathology, Lung physiopathology, Spirometry
- Abstract
Back Ground: Knowledge concerning pulmonary function in adult patients with onset of idiopathic scoliosis before age 10 is sparse. A long-term follow-up (FU, mean 26 years, > 12 years after treatment) of pulmonary function (PF) in patients treated with brace or surgery due to idiopathic scoliosis with onset before the age of 10 was earlier performed. To evaluate whether a more severe reduction in pulmonary function leads to more rapid deterioration within a four-year period, this study was performed., Methods: Twenty patients with the most reduced pulmonary function and 19 out of those with normal PF found at the long-term FU were reexamined 4 years later to evaluate further changes in pulmonary function. Patients underwent spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis and answered pulmonary symptom questionnaires., Results: 70% of the reduced pulmonary function group had undergone surgery vs. 26% of the normal group. The mean age (47 vs. 43 years) at this FU and curve size (37° vs. 35°) at the 26-year FU were similar. The decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) % of predicted was similar in both groups over the four-year period, from 67 to 65% in the reduced PF group vs. 96 to 94% in the normal PF group. The total lung capacity (TLC) % of predicted did not change over time in either group. No patient reported worsening dyspnea symptoms. Only one patient in the reduced PF group showed low arterial oxygen tension, 8.4 kPa, not signifying respiratory insufficiency., Conclusion: The age-related decline in FVC and TLC % of predicted did not differ between those with reduced and those with normal pulmonary function at the 26-year follow-up. Thus, these data do not infer increased rate of decline in the most deteriorated patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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31. Updated reference values for static lung volumes from a healthy population in Austria.
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Mraz T, Asgari S, Karimi A, Breyer MK, Hartl S, Sunanta O, Ofenheimer A, Burghuber OC, Zacharasiewicz A, Lamprecht B, Schiffers C, Wouters EFM, and Breyer-Kohansal R
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- Male, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Austria epidemiology, Reference Values, Lung Volume Measurements methods, Total Lung Capacity, Spirometry methods, Forced Expiratory Volume, Vital Capacity, Lung
- Abstract
Background: Reference values for lung volumes are necessary to identify and diagnose restrictive lung diseases and hyperinflation, but the values have to be validated in the relevant population. Our aim was to investigate the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference equations in a representative healthy Austrian population and create population-derived reference equations if poor fit was observed., Methods: We analysed spirometry and body plethysmography data from 5371 respiratory healthy subjects (6-80 years) from the Austrian LEAD Study. Fit with the GLI equations was examined using z-scores and distributions within the limits of normality. LEAD reference equations were then created using the LMS method and the generalized additive model of location shape and scale package according to GLI models., Results: Good fit, defined as mean z-scores between + 0.5 and -0.5,was not observed for the GLI static lung volume equations, with mean z-scores > 0.5 for residual volume (RV), RV/TLC (total lung capacity) and TLC in both sexes, and for expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and inspiratory capacity in females. Distribution within the limits of normality were shifted to the upper limit except for ERV. Population-derived reference equations from the LEAD cohort showed superior fit for lung volumes and provided reproducible results., Conclusion: GLI lung volume reference equations demonstrated a poor fit for our cohort, especially in females. Therefore a new set of Austrian reference equations for static lung volumes was developed, that can be applied to both children and adults (6-80 years of age)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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32. The inspiratory capacity/total lung capacity ratio as a predictor of survival in an emphysematous phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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French, Aimee, Balfe, David, Mirocha, James M, Falk, Jeremy A, and Mosenifar, Zab
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Lung ,Respiratory ,Age Factors ,Aged ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Databases ,Factual ,Female ,Forced Expiratory Volume ,Humans ,Inspiratory Capacity ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Multivariate Analysis ,Phenotype ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Pulmonary Emphysema ,Retrospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Severity of Illness Index ,Sex Factors ,Total Lung Capacity ,Vital Capacity ,emphysema ,pulmonary function testing ,mortality ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Respiratory System - Abstract
BackgroundForced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) grades severity of COPD and predicts survival. We hypothesize that the inspiratory capacity/total lung capacity (IC/TLC) ratio, a sensitive measure of static lung hyperinflation, may have a significant association with survival in an emphysematous phenotype of COPD.ObjectivesTo access the association between IC/TLC and survival in an emphysematous phenotype of COPD.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of a large pulmonary function (PF) database with 39,050 entries, from April 1978 to October 2009. Emphysematous COPD was defined as reduced FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC), increased TLC, and reduced diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO; beyond 95% confidence intervals [CIs]). We evaluated the association between survival in emphysematous COPD patients and the IC/TLC ratio evaluated both as dichotomous (≤25% vs >25%) and continuous predictors. Five hundred and ninety-six patients had reported death dates.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that IC/TLC ≤25% was a significant predictor of death (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.39, P
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- 2015
33. Measurement of the Total Lung Volume Using an Adjusted Single-Breath Helium Dilution Method in Patients With Obstructive Lung Disease
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Qing Liu, Lingxiao Zhou, Peiling Feng, Jinkai Liu, Bin Shen, Lili Huang, Yingying Wang, Yimin Zou, Yang Xia, and Gang Huang
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obstructive lung disease ,total lung capacity ,the single-breath helium dilution ,whole-body plethysmography ,correction equation ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Whole-body plethysmography (WBP) is the gold standard for measuring lung volume, but its clinical application is limited as it requires expensive equipment and is not simple to use. Studies have shown that the single-breath helium dilution (SBHD) method, which is commonly used in clinical practice, significantly underestimates lung volume in patients with obstructive lung disease (OLD). By comparing the differences in lung volume measured using SBHD and WBP, we aimed to establish a correction equation for the SBHD method to determine the total lung volume in patients with OLD of different severities.Methods: From 628 patients with OLD simultaneously subjected to SBHD and WBP, 407 patients enrolled between January 2018 and November 2019 were in the training group and 221 enrolled between December 2019 and December 2020 were in the prospective verification cohort. The multiple linear regression equation was used for data in the training group to establish a correction equation for SBHD to determine the total lung volume, and this was validated in the prospective validation cohort.Results: There was a moderate positive correlation between total lung capacity (TLC) determined using the SBHD [TLC (SBHD)] and WBP methods [TLC (WBP)] (r = 0.701; P < 0.05), and the differences between TLC (SBHD) and TLC (WBP) (ΔTLC) were related to the severity of obstruction. As the severity of obstruction increased, the TLC was underestimated by the SBHD method. We established the following correction equation: TLC (adjusted SBHD) (L) = −0.669 + 0.756*TLC(SBHD)(L) – 0.047*FEV1FVC+0.039*height (cm)–0.009*weight(kg)(r2 = 0.753 and adjusted r2 = 0.751). Next, we validated this equation in the validation cohort. With the correction equation, no statistical difference was observed between TLC (adjusted SBHD) and TLC (WBP) among the obstruction degree groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions: The SBHD method is correlated with WBP to measure the total lung volume, but the SBHD method presents limitations in determining the total lung volume in patients with obstructive lung disease. Here, we established an effective and reliable correction equation in order to accurately assess the total lung volume of patients with OLD using the SBHD method.
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- 2021
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34. Restrictive Lung Disease and Pneumothoraces
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Gelber, Katherine, Goodman, Stephanie, and Mankowitz, Suzanne K. W., editor
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- 2018
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35. Validation of a Novel Compact System for the Measurement of Lung Volumes.
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Berger, Kenneth I., Adam, Ori, Dal Negro, Roberto Walter, Kaminsky, David A., Shiner, Robert J., Burgos, Felip, de Jongh, Frans H.C., Cohen, Inon, and Fredberg, Jeffrey J.
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LUNG volume measurements , *LUNG volume , *ROOT-mean-squares , *THIN layer chromatography , *MEDICAL equipment , *PLETHYSMOGRAPHY , *LUNG physiology , *RESEARCH , *HUMAN research subjects , *RESEARCH methodology , *RESPIRATORY measurements , *MEDICAL cooperation , *EVALUATION research , *COMPARATIVE studies , *RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Background: Current techniques for measuring absolute lung volumes rely on bulky and expensive equipment and are complicated to use for the operator and the patient. A novel method for measurement of absolute lung volumes, the MiniBox method, is presented.Research Question: Across a population of patients and healthy participants, do values for total lung capacity (TLC) determined by the novel compact device (MiniBox, PulmOne Advanced Medical Devices, Ltd.) compare favorably with measurements determined by traditional whole body plethysmography?Study Design and Methods: A total of 266 participants (130 men) and respiratory patients were recruited from five global centers (three in Europe and two in the United States). The study population comprised individuals with obstructive (n = 197) and restrictive (n = 33) disorders as well as healthy participants (n = 36). TLC measured by conventional plethysmography (TLCPleth) was compared with TLC measured by the MiniBox (TLCMB).Results: TLC values ranged between 2.7 and 10.9 L. The normalized root mean square difference (NSD) between TLCPleth and TLCMB was 7.0% in healthy participants. In obstructed patients, the NSD was 7.9% in mild obstruction and 9.1% in severe obstruction. In restricted patients, the NSD was 7.8% in mild restriction and 13.9% in moderate and severe restriction. No significant differences were found between TLC values obtained by the two measurement techniques. Also no significant differences were found in results obtained among the five centers.Interpretation: TLC as measured by the novel MiniBox system is not significantly different from TLC measured by conventional whole body plethysmography, thus validating the MiniBox method as a reliable method to measure absolute lung volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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36. Lung function at three months after hospitalization due to COVID‑19 pneumonia: Comparison of alpha, delta and omicron variant predominance periods.
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Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki Epameinondas, Makrodimitri, Sotiria, Gkoufa, Aikaterini, Apostolidi, Eirini, Provatas, Sotirios, Papalexis, Petros, Spandidos, Demetrios A., Lempesis, Ioannis G., Gamaletsou, Maria N., and Sipsas, Nikolaos V.
- Subjects
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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant , *SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant , *COVID-19 , *FORCED expiratory volume , *SARS-CoV-2 - Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already affected millions of individuals, with increasing numbers of survivors. These data suggest that the pulmonary sequelae of the infection may have an effect on a wide range of individuals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pulmonary function in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 three months after hospital discharge. A total of 116 patients, 34 females and 82 males, with a mean age of 57.77±11.45 years, who were hospitalized due to COVID-19, underwent pulmonary function testing three months after their hospital discharge. Of these, 83 (71.6%) patients were hospitalized in the period of alpha variant predominance, 16 (13.8%) in the period of delta variant predominance and 17 (14.6%) in the omicron variant predominance period. The mean value of diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)% predicted (pred) was statistically higher in patients affected by the omicron variant (P=0.028). Abnormal values (<80% pred) of DLCO and total lung capacity (TLC) were observed in 28.4 and 20.7% of the patients, respectively. Active smoking was an independent predictor of abnormal values of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec % pred and TLC% pred [P=0.038; odds ratio (OR): 8.574, confidence interval (CI) 1.124-65.424 and P=0.004, OR: 14.733, CI 2.323-93.429, respectively], age was an independent predictor of abnormal values of forced vital capacity % pred and DLCO% pred (P=0.027, OR: 1.124, CI 1.014-1.246 and P=0.011, OR:1.054, CI 1.012-1.098, respectively); and female sex was an independent predictor of abnormal values of DLCO% pred (P=0.009, OR: 1.124, CI 1.014-1.246). Α significant percentage of hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 pneumonia will develop abnormal pulmonary function, regardless of the SARS-CoV-2 variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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37. Progression and Prognostic Indicators of Bronchial Disease in Children with Sickle Cell Disease
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Williams, Sophia N, Nussbaum, Eliezer, Yoonessi, Leila, Morphew, Tricia, and Randhawa, Inderpal
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Lung ,Hematology ,Sickle Cell Disease ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Respiratory ,Adolescent ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,Age Factors ,Anemia ,Sickle Cell ,Bronchial Diseases ,Bronchodilator Agents ,Child ,Disease Progression ,Forced Expiratory Volume ,Humans ,Plethysmography ,Whole Body ,Retrospective Studies ,Risk Factors ,Spirometry ,Time Factors ,Total Lung Capacity ,Young Adult ,Sickle cell disease ,Pulmonary function testing ,Inhaled corticosteroids ,Acute chest syndrome ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Respiratory System ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
PurposeThe pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality (MacLean et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178:1055-1059, 2008; Klings et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:1264-1269, 2006; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2009). Despite this recognition, predictive markers of lung dysfunction progression remain elusive (Klings et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:1264-1269, 2006; Platt et al. N Engl J Med 330:1639-1644, 1994; Caboot et al. Curr Opin Pediatr 20:279-287, 2008; Field et al. Am J Hematol 83:574-576, 2008; Shirlo et al. Peadiatr Respir Review 12:78-82, 2011). This study was designed describe the longitudinal progression and identify specific markers that influence bronchial disease in SCD.MethodsA retrospective, chart review of 89 patients with SCD was conducted. All patients underwent spirometry in conjunction with body plethysmography as part of routine care. Eleven lung function variables were assessed, five of which were selected to establish patterns of normal, obstructive, restrictive, or mixed obstructive-restrictive physiology (Klings et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:1264-1269, 2006; Field et al. Am J Hematol 83:574-576, 2008).ResultsIn the unadjusted model, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)% of predicted trended downward with age, while total lung capacity (TLC)% of predicted showed a bimodal distribution and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity corrected for hemoglobin (DLCOcor)% of predicted remained stable. Adjusting for acute chest syndrome (ACS) episodes, medication status, and growth velocity (GV), the final model demonstrated that the downward trend between FEV1% of predicted with age was further influenced by the latter two factors.ConclusionsInitial decline in FEV1% of predicted is associated with worsening pulmonary dysfunction over time. Independent of ACS episodes, the factors most influential on the progression of FEV1% predicted include the introduction of medications as well as the promotion of adequate prepubertal growth. Efforts to ensure normal prepubertal GV and treatment with bronchodilators, such as short-acting beta(2) agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), should be considered at an early age to delay progression of pulmonary dysfunction.
- Published
- 2014
38. History Is the Key to Diagnosis: A Case of Nitrofurantoin-Induced Interstitial Lung Disease.
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Akopyan K, Zafar R, and Faruqi I
- Abstract
We present the case of a 74-year-old woman with a past medical history (PMH) significant for anxiety, depression, and hypertension who presented to the pulmonary clinic for consultation regarding progressive shortness of breath, which started five months ago after developing COVID-19. Further history-taking revealed that she had been started on nitrofurantoin two months ago for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Her pulmonary function tests (PFTs) demonstrated a moderately restrictive disease. A CT chest was obtained, showing pleural thickening with bilateral pleural-based ground glass opacities. Nitrofurantoin was then discontinued, and she was started on a prednisone taper for suspected nitrofurantoin-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD). At a follow-up clinic visit six months later, she showed great improvement in her shortness of breath, marked improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) on PFTs, and near resolution of pleural-based lesions and basal ground glass opacities on CT chest. This case emphasizes the importance of keeping the diagnosis of nitrofurantoin-induced ILD in mind, as well as the need to implement guidelines for the monitoring of this potential pulmonary adverse effect., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Akopyan et al.)
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- 2024
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39. The total-breath method yields higher values of DLCO and TLC than the conventional method.
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Jörres RA, Buess C, Piecyk A, Thompson B, Stanojevic S, and Magnussen H
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- Humans, Germany, Respiratory Function Tests, Total Lung Capacity, Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
- Abstract
Background: The 2017 ATS/ERS technical standard for measuring the single-breath diffusing capacity (DLCO) proposed the "rapid-gas-analyzer" (RGA) or, equivalently, "total-breath" (TB) method for the determination of total lung capacity (TLC). In this study, we compared DLCO and TLC values estimated using the TB and conventional method, and how estimated TLC using these two methods compared to that determined by body plethysmography., Method: A total of 95 people with COPD (GOLD grades 1-4) and 23 healthy subjects were studied using the EasyOne Pro (ndd Medical Technologies, Switzerland) and Master Screen Body (Vyaire Medical, Höchberg, Germany)., Results: On average the TB method resulted in higher values of DLCO (mean ± SD Δ = 0.469 ± 0.267; 95%CI: 0.420; 0.517 mmol*min-1*kPa-1) and TLC (Δ = 0.495 ± 0.371; 95%CI: 0.427; 0.562 L) compared with the conventional method. In healthy subjects the ratio between TB and conventional DLCO was close to one. TLC estimated using both methods was lower than that determined by plethysmography. The difference was smaller for the TB method (Δ = 1.064 ± 0.740; 95%CI: 0.929; 1.199 L) compared with the conventional method (Δ = 1.558 ± 0.940; 95%CI: 1.387; 1.739 L). TLC from body plethysmography could be estimated as a function of TB TLC and FEV
1 Z-Score with an accuracy (normalized root mean square difference) of 9.1%., Conclusion: The total-breath method yielded higher values of DLCO and TLC than the conventional analysis, especially in subjects with COPD. TLC from the total-breath method can also be used to estimate plethysmographic TLC with better accuracy than the conventional method. The study is registered under clinicaltrial.gov NCT04531293., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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40. The Impact of Positive Expiratory Pressure Therapy on Hyperinflation in Patients With COPD.
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de Macedo JRFF, Conceiçãodos Dos Santos ED, Reychler G, and Poncin W
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- Humans, Total Lung Capacity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Functional Residual Capacity, Dyspnea therapy, Dyspnea etiology, Dyspnea physiopathology, Inspiratory Capacity physiology, Lung physiopathology, Treatment Outcome, Vital Capacity, Male, Female, Forced Expiratory Volume, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive physiopathology, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive therapy, Positive-Pressure Respiration methods, Residual Volume
- Abstract
Background: Lung hyperinflation is a typical clinical feature of patients with COPD. Given the association between breathing at elevated lung volumes and the manifestation of severe debilitating symptoms, therapeutic interventions such as positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy and its variations (temporary, oscillatory) have been devised to mitigate lung hyperinflation. However, the efficacy of these interventions remains to be conclusively demonstrated., Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized trials was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Seven databases were screened with no date or language restriction. Two authors independently applied eligibility criteria and assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Outcomes were lung hyperinflation measures detected through changes in inspiratory capacity (IC), functional residual capacity (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC), and residual volume (RV), as well as FEV
1 , FVC, dyspnea, and physical capacity. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) or mean differences (MDs) and 95% CI were calculated using a random-effects model., Results: Seven trials, all with a high risk of bias, were included. Compared to control group, RV significantly decreased (4 studies, n = 231; SMD -0.42 [95% CI -0.77 to -0.08], P = .02), dyspnea improved ( n = 321, SMD -1.17 [95% CI -1.68 to -0.66], P < .001), and physical capacity increased (5 studies, n = 311; MD 30.1 [95% CI 19.2-41.0] m, P < .001) with PEP therapy. There was no significant difference between PEP therapy and the control group in TLC, FVC, or FEV1 . Only one study reported changes in inspiratory capacity as well as FRC., Conclusions: In patients with COPD, the effect of PEP therapy on lung hyperinflation is unclear owing to the non-consistent change in lung hyperinflation outcomes, insufficient data, and lack of high-quality trials. Dyspnea and physical capacity might improve with PEP therapy., Competing Interests: The authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 by Daedalus Enterprises.)- Published
- 2024
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41. Inhomogeneity of ventilation in smokers and mild COPD assessed by the ratio of alveolar volume to total lung capacity.
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Ovenholm H, Zaigham S, Frantz S, Nihlén U, Wollmer P, and Hamrefors V
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- Humans, Forced Expiratory Volume, Lung, Total Lung Capacity, Spirometry, Vital Capacity, Smokers, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
- Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that the ratio between alveolar volume (V
A ) and total lung capacity (TLC) reflects ventilation heterogeneity in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the ratio and its correlation to respiratory symptoms had to our knowledge not previously been investigated in subjects with mild chronic airflow obstruction or without airflow obstruction (normal ratio FEV1 /VC). The purpose of this study was to investigate potential connection between VA /TLC and respiratory symptoms, smoking habits and lung function parameters in subjects with normal spirometry and with mild chronic airflow obstruction., Methods: We examined 450 subjects (82 non-smokers with normal spirometry, 298 subjects who smoked or had smoked earlier but had a normal spirometry and 70 subjects with chronical airflow obstruction) with routine lung function tests and a questionnaire regarding respiratory symptoms., Results: This study showed 31 out of 54 subjects with a low VA /TLC had a normal ratio FEV1 /VC. Of these subjects, 58.1 % had respiratory symptoms, compared to the group with normal ratio for both VA /TLC and FEV1/ VC where 35.8 % had respiratory symptoms (p-value 0.02)., Conclusion: This study has shown that within the group of subjects with a normal ratio FEV1 /VC, those with a decreased ratio VA /TLC had a higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms compared to subjects with a normal VA /TLC ratio. These findings indicate that including the ratio VA /TLC in the evaluation of a pulmonary function test assessment might increase the possibility to identify subjects with early or at risk of lung disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/ personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: P Wollmer reports a relationship with Chiesi Pharma that includes consulting or advisory. P Wollmer has patent issued to Method and device for pulmonary function measurement., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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42. Lung Ultrasound Assessment of Lung Hyperinflation in Patients with Stable COPD: An Effective Diagnostic Tool.
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Chen Y, Li J, Zhu Z, and Lyu G
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- Humans, Lung diagnostic imaging, Total Lung Capacity, Inspiratory Capacity, Functional Residual Capacity, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive diagnosis
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the degree of lung hyperinflation (LH) in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by lung ultrasound score (LUS) and assess its value., Patients and Methods: We conducted a study of 149 patients with stable COPD and 100 healthy controls recruited by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. The pleural sliding displacement (PSD) was measured, the sliding of the pleura in different areas was observed, and LUS was calculated from both of them. The diaphragm excursion (DE), residual capacity (RV), total lung capacity (TLC), inspiratory capacity (IC) and functional residual capacity (FRC) were measured. We described the correlation between ultrasound indicators and pulmonary function indicators reflecting LH. Multiple linear regression analysis was used. The ROC curves of LUS and DE were drawn to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy, and De Long method was used for comparison., Results: (1) The LUS of patients with stable COPD were positively correlated with RV, TLC, RV/TLC and FRC and negatively correlated with IC and IC/TLC ( r
1 =0.72, r2 =0.41, r3 =0.72, r4 =0.70, r5 =-0.56, r6 =-0.65, P < 0.001). The correlation was stronger than that between DE at maximal deep inspiration and the corresponding pulmonary function indices ( r1 =-0.41, r2 =-0.26, r3 =-0.40, r4 =-0.43, r5 =0.30, r6 =0.37, P < 0.001). (2) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that LUS were significantly correlated with IC/TLC and RV/TLC. (3) With IC/TLC<25% and RV/TLC>60% as the diagnostic criterion of severe LH, the areas under the ROC curves of LUS and DE at maximal deep inspiration for diagnosing severe LH were 0.914 and 0.385, 0.845 and 0.543, respectively ( P < 0.001)., Conclusion: The lung ultrasound score is an important parameter for evaluating LH. LUS is better than DE at maximal deep inspiration for diagnosing severe LH and is expected to become an effective auxiliary tool for evaluating LH., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work., (© 2024 Chen et al.)- Published
- 2024
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43. A reference equation for lung volume on computed tomography in Japanese middle-aged and elderly adults.
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Tanabe N, Sato S, Shimada T, Kaji S, Shiraishi Y, Terada S, Maetani T, Mochizuki F, Shimizu K, Suzuki M, Chubachi S, Terada K, Tanimura K, Sakamoto R, Oguma T, Sato A, Kanasaki M, Muro S, Masuda I, Iijima H, and Hirai T
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- Aged, Humans, Middle Aged, Early Detection of Cancer, Forced Expiratory Volume, Japan, Lung diagnostic imaging, Lung Volume Measurements, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Reference Values, East Asian People, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Emphysema diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Background: Effective use of lung volume data measured on computed tomography (CT) requires reference values for specific populations. This study examined whether an equation previously generated for multiple ethnic groups in the United States, including Asians predominantly composed of Chinese people, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) could be used for Japanese people and, if necessary, to optimize this equation. Moreover, the equation was used to characterize patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung hyperexpansion., Methods: This study included a lung cancer screening CT cohort of asymptomatic never smokers aged ≥40 years from two institutions (n = 364 and 419) to validate and optimize the MESA equation and a COPD cohort (n = 199) to test its applicability., Results: In all asymptomatic never smokers, the variance explained by the predicted values (R
2 ) based on the original MESA equation was 0.60. The original equation was optimized to minimize the root mean squared error (RMSE) by adjusting the scaling factor but not the age, sex, height, or body mass index terms of the equation. The RMSE changed from 714 ml in the original equation to 637 ml in the optimized equation. In the COPD cohort, lung hyperexpansion, defined based on the 95th percentile of the ratio of measured lung volume to predicted lung volume in never smokers (122 %), was observed in 60 (30 %) patients and was associated with centrilobular emphysema and air trapping on inspiratory/expiratory CT., Conclusions: The MESA equation was optimized for Japanese middle-aged and elderly adults., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest N.T. and T.H. received research grants from Daiichi Sankyo and FUJIFILM Co., Ltd., outside of the submitted work. S.S. received grants from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Philips-Respironics, Fukuda Denshi, Fukuda Lifetec Keiji, and ResMed outside of the submitted work. None of these companies played a role in the design or analysis of the study or the writing of the manuscript. The other authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2024
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44. Concurrent Validity of the Static and Dynamic Measures of Inspiratory Muscle Strength: Comparison between Maximal Inspiratory Pressure and S-Index.
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de Souza Areias, Guilherme, Rodrigues Santiago, Luan, Sobral Teixeira, Daniel, and Silva Reis, Michel
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MUSCLE strength ,TEST validity ,RESPIRATORY muscles ,LUNG volume measurements ,PRESSURE ,FORECASTING - Abstract
Objective: To verify the concurrent validity between the inspiratory muscle strength (IMS) values obtained in static (maximal inspiratory pressure [MIP]) and dynamic (S-Index) assessments. Methods: Healthy individuals were submitted to two periods of evaluation: i) MIP, static maneuver to obtain IMS, determined by the Mueller’s maneuver from residual volume (RV) until total lung capacity (TLC); ii) and S-Index, inspiration against open airway starting from RV until TLC. Both measures were performed by the same evaluator and the subjects received the same instructions. Isolated maneuvers with differences < 10% were considered as reproducible measures. Results: Data from 45 subjects (21 males) were analyzed and that showed statistical difference between MIP and S-Index values (133.5 ± 33.3 and 125.6 ± 32.2 in cmH2O, respectively), with P=0.014. Linear regression showed r² =0.54 and S-Index prediction formula = 39.8+(0.75×MIP). Pearson’s correlation demonstrated a strong and significant association between the measures with r=0.74. The measurements showed good concordance evidenced by the Bland-Altman test. Conclusion: S-Index and MIP do not present similar values since they are evaluations of different events of the muscular contraction. However, they have a strong correlation and good agreement, which indicate that both are able to evaluate the IMS of healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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45. Can a New Scoring System Improve Prediction of Pulmonary Hypertension in Newly Recognised Interstitial Lung Diseases?
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Sobiecka, Małgorzata, Lewandowska, Katarzyna, Kober, Jarosław, Franczuk, Monika, Skoczylas, Agnieszka, Tomkowski, Witold, Kuś, Jan, and Szturmowicz, Monika
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- *
PULMONARY hypertension , *FORECASTING , *INTERSTITIAL lung diseases , *PULMONARY function tests , *UNIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a well-recognised complication of interstitial lung diseases (ILD), which worsens prognosis and impairs exercise capacity. Echocardiography is the most widely used, non-invasive method for PH assessment. The aim of our study was to identify the factors predictive for echocardiographic signs of PH in newly recognised ILD patients. Methods: Ninety-three consecutive patients (28F/65M) with different ILD were prospectively evaluated from January 2009 to March 2014. Pulmonary function testing, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), initial and sixth minute room air oxygen saturation, NT-proBNP and echocardiography were assessed in each patient. Echocardiographic PH probability was determined according to the 2009 ESC/ERS guidelines. Results: In 41 patients (Group B) increased PH possibility has been diagnosed on echocardiography, in 52 patients (Group A)—low PH probability. Most pronounced differences (p ≤ 0.0005) between groups B and A concerned: age, 6MWD, room air oxygen saturation at 6 min, DLCO and TLC/DLCO index (57.6 vs 43.8 years; 478 vs 583 m; 89.1% vs 93.4%; 54.8% predicted vs 70.5% predicted and 1.86 vs 1.44; respectively). Univariate analysis showed four-fold increased probability of PH when TLC/DLCO exceeded 1.67. A scoring system incorporating age, TLC/DLCO index, 6MWD and room air oxygen saturation at 6 min provided high diagnostic utility, AUC 0.867 (95% CI 0.792–0.867). Conclusion: ILD patients with TLC/DLCO index > 1.67 have a high likelihood of PH and should undergo further evaluation. The composite model of PH prediction, including age, 6-min walk test and TLC/DLCO was highly specific for recognition of PH on echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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46. Effect of visual feedback aerobic exercise training on lung hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients - A randomized control trial.
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Elumalai, Senthil Kumar, Saharan, Ajeet Kumar, Shinde, Neesha, Padia, Khyathi, Jeyaraman, Ramesh Kumar, and Godbole, Gauri
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- *
OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases , *AEROBIC exercises , *COOLDOWN , *EXERCISE tolerance , *LUNGS - Abstract
CONTEXT: Lung hyperinflation is defined as an abnormal increase in the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of normal expiration caused by the permanently destructive changes of emphysema and expiratory flow limitation. All the rehabilitation exercise programs have some reinforcement on hyperinflation mechanism directly or indirectly without any associated feedback. AIMS: This study aims to study the effect of visual biofeedback training on lung hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 104 mild to moderate (global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease) COPD patient of age group 40-60 years were recruited and randomly allocated to control and experimental group using random reviewer software 3.3 versions. The baseline and postoutcomes were analyzed by an external observer who is blinded. The visual training group receives biofeedback training on expiratory flow limitation. Both experimental and control group receives aerobic exercise training of 50%-60% of maximum heart rate intensity where all received cycling as a mode for 20-40 min with a warm and cool-down period. All the patients were trained for 4 days a week for 8 weeks. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and repeated measures of analysis of variance. RESULTS: Residual volume and total lung capacity significantly reduced statistics F = 12.23 with P < 0.001 between the group. Breath hold time and maximum expiratory pressure showed increase response with significant statistics of F = 8.53 with P < 0.05 between the group. CONCLUSION: Visual feedback exercise training is one of the effective training methods to relieve the hyperinflation in stable COPD patients thereby improves exercise tolerance and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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47. Computed tomography findings as determinants of pulmonary function tests in fibrotic interstitial lung diseases—Network-analyses and multivariate models.
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Lang, David, Akbari, Kaveh, Walcherberger, Stefan, Hergan, Benedikt, Horner, Andreas, Hepp, Magdalena, Kaiser, Bernhard, Pieringer, Herwig, and Lamprecht, Bernd
- Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the impact of multiple high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features on pulmonary function test (PFT) biomarkers in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (FILD) patients. HRCT of subsequently ILD-board-discussed FILD patients were semi-quantitatively evaluated in a standardized approach: 18 distinct lung regions were scored for noduli, reticulation, honeycombing, consolidations, ground glass opacities (GGO), traction bronchiectasis (BRK) and emphysema. Total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and transfer coefficient (KCO) were assessed. Interactions between each PFT biomarker and all HRCT scores were visualized by network analyses, modeled according to the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion and incorporated in uni- and multivariate stepwise regression analyses. Among 108 FILD patients (mean age 67 years, 77% male), BRK extent was a major significant uni- or multivariate determinant of all PFT analyzed. Besides that, diffusion-based variables DLCO and KCO showed a larger dependency on reticulation, emphysema and GGO, while forced expiratory volume-based measures FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were more closely associated with consolidations. For TLC, the only significant multivariate determinant was reticulation. In conclusion, PFT biomarkers derived from spirometry, body plethysmography and diffusion capacity in FILD patients are differentially influenced by semi-quantified HRCT findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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48. CT Metrics of Airway Disease and Emphysema in Severe COPD
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Kim, Woo Jin, Silverman, Edwin K, Hoffman, Eric, Criner, Gerard J, Mosenifar, Zab, Sciurba, Frank C, Make, Barry J, Carey, Vincent, San José Estépar, Raúl, Diaz, Alejandro, Reilly, John J, Martinez, Fernando J, Washko, George R, and Group, the NETT Research
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Lung ,Clinical Research ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Emphysema ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Respiratory ,Adult ,Aged ,Airway Obstruction ,Analysis of Variance ,Cohort Studies ,Dyspnea ,Female ,Forced Expiratory Volume ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Multivariate Analysis ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Probability ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Pulmonary Emphysema ,Pulmonary Ventilation ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Risk Assessment ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Severity of Illness Index ,Tomography ,X-Ray Computed ,Total Lung Capacity ,NETT Research Group ,Clinical Sciences ,Respiratory System - Abstract
BackgroundCT scan measures of emphysema and airway disease have been correlated with lung function in cohorts of subjects with a range of COPD severity. The contribution of CT scan-assessed airway disease to objective measures of lung function and respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea in severe emphysema is less clear.MethodsUsing data from 338 subjects in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) Genetics Ancillary Study, densitometric measures of emphysema using a threshold of -950 Hounsfield units (%LAA-950) and airway wall phenotypes of the wall thickness (WT) and the square root of wall area (SRWA) of a 10-mm luminal perimeter airway were calculated for each subject. Linear regression analysis was performed for outcome variables FEV(1) and percent predicted value of FEV(1) with CT scan measures of emphysema and airway disease.ResultsIn univariate analysis, there were significant negative correlations between %LAA-950 and both the WT (r = -0.28, p = 0.0001) and SRWA (r = -0.19, p = 0.0008). Airway wall thickness was weakly but significantly correlated with postbronchodilator FEV(1)% predicted (R = -0.12, p = 0.02). Multivariate analysis showed significant associations between either WT or SRWA (beta = -5.2, p = 0.009; beta = -2.6, p = 0.008, respectively) and %LAA-950 (beta = -10.6, p = 0.03) with the postbronchodilator FEV(1)% predicted. Male subjects exhibited significantly thicker airway wall phenotypes (p = 0.007 for WT and p = 0.0006 for SRWA).ConclusionsAirway disease and emphysema detected by CT scanning are inversely related in patients with severe COPD. Airway wall phenotypes were influenced by gender and associated with lung function in subjects with severe emphysema.
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- 2009
49. Lungs and Breathing
- Author
-
Herman, Irving P., Aizawa, Masuo, Series editor, Greenbaum, Elias, Editor-in-chief, Andersen, Olaf S., Series editor, Austin, Robert H., Series editor, Barber, James, Series editor, Berg, Howard C., Series editor, Bloomfield, Victor, Series editor, Callender, Robert, Series editor, Chu, Steven, Series editor, Deisenhofer, Johann, Series editor, Feher, George, Series editor, Frauenfelder, Hans, Series editor, Giaever, Ivar, Series editor, Gruner, Sol M., Series editor, Herzfeld, Judith, Series editor, Humayun, Mark S., Series editor, Joliot, Pierre, Series editor, Keszthelyi, Lajos, Series editor, King, Paul W., Series editor, Knox, Robert S., Series editor, Lazzi, Gianluca, Series editor, Lewis, Aaron, Series editor, Lindsay, Stuart M., Series editor, Mauzerall, David, Series editor, Mielczarek, Eugenie V., Series editor, Niemz, Markolf, Series editor, Parsegian, V. Adrian, Series editor, Powers, Linda S., Series editor, Prohofsky, Earl W., Series editor, Rostovtseva, Tatiana K, Series editor, Rubin, Andrew, Series editor, Seibert, Michael, Series editor, Thomas, David, Series editor, and Herman, Irving P.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The Chest Wall and the Respiratory Pump
- Author
-
Wilson, Theodore A. and Wilson, Theodore A.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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