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L’invenzione riguarda un impianto e un metodo per il recupero di fibre di carbonio o di vetro da materiali compositi nei quali dette fibre sono racchiuse in una matrice polimerica. suddetti materiali compositi possono provenire da scarti prodotti in diversi stadi di lavorazione industriale e/o da manufatti giunti al termine del loro ciclo di vita.

Un impianto (1) per il recupero di fibre di carbonio o di vetro da materiali compositi comprendenti dette fibre in una matrice polimerica comprende un forno a tunnel (2) lungo il quale detti materiali vengono trasportati all’interno di contenitori (6), in cui detto forno a tunnel comprende una zona di pirolisi (3), nella quale detti materiali compositi sono assoggettati a un processo di pirolisi in un’atmosfera priva di ossigeno, una zona di gassificazione (3) nella quale detti materiali sono sottoposti a un processo di combustione in presenza di ossigeno, e una zona intermedia di separazione (5), posta tra la zona di pirolisi (3) e la zona di gassificazione (4), nella quale è prevista una pluralità secondi dispositivi iniettori (23) per immettere azoto in detta zona intermedia (5), in modo da impedire che l’atmosfera della zona di pirolisi (2) entri in contatto con l’atmosfera della zona di gassificazione (3).

A plant (1) for transforming into secondary raw material, or disposing of, used tyres (P), made of rubber or other carbon matrices, comprises at least one pyrolysis chamber (6), wherein said used tyres (P) are subjected to pyrolysis treatment, said tyres (P) being conveyed to said at least one pyrolysis chamber (6) by means of at least one supplying device (5) that receives the tyres (P) from a first conveying device (3), at least one hydraulic seal element (9) associated with said at least one supplying device (5) and heating means (16) for heating said at least one pyrolysis chamber (6). The at least one supplying device (5) comprises a second conveying device (7) that receives the tyres (P) from the first conveying device (3) and conveys the tyres (P) through said at least one hydraulic seal element (9) and along at least one supplying conduit (11) that extends prevalently vertically until it reaches an inlet zone (12) of the at least one pyrolysis chamber (6), where said tyres (P) are released by said second conveying device (7) and drop by gravity into said pyrolysis chamber (6) through an inlet opening (13). The inlet opening (13) is provided with a movable closing element (14), that can rotate around a hinge element (16) between a closed position and an open position and an end portion (15) of the at least one supplying conduit (11), in contact with the at least one pyrolysis chamber (6), is made of thermally insulating material. The movable closing element (14) and the end portion (15) in thermally insulating material minimise the transmission of heat to the hydraulic seal element. Below an openable bottom (28) of the pyrolysis chamber (6) a hopper (22) is arranged that is suitable for conveying solid residual materials of the pyrolysis treatment to a shredding device (23), said hopper (22) being provided with pushing means (32) arranged for pushing to the shredding device (23) solid residues that accumulate on the walls of the hopper (22).

Glass fiber-reinforced polyester composite (GFRPs) scraps from manufacturing of polyester laminates were pyrolyzed at 500, 550 and 600°C in an 70 Kg innovative batch pilot plant that processes whole parts. The presence of a hydraulic guard guarantees the safety of the process. The influence of the maximum process temperature on yields and chemical-physical properties of pyrolysis products was investigated: the oil fraction was analysed by GC-MS, Viscometer and XRF, while the gas fraction was monitored online during the entire pyrolysis process by µ-GC. Substantial fractions of methane (20.7 vol %) and hydrogen (11.5 vol %) were produced. The solid residue (glass fibers covered by a thin carbonaceous layer) underwent an oxidative process at 500 and 600°C at different residence times to provide clean glass fibers free of organic residues. The effects of both pyrolysis and oxidative step on the glass fibers, obtained in different process conditions, were evaluated by SEM and Raman spectroscopy.

none 8 no Pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene in an innovative batch pilot plant, with a hydraulic guard ensuring a safe process, was performed. The influence of process temperature on yield, distribution and composition of products was investigated. The oil/waxes were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry, while pyrolysis gas was monitored online during the process by micro-gas chromatography. Pyrolysis were carried out at 450, 500, 550 and 600 °C. Results obtained show that low temperatures yield a greater amount of oil/waxes, and a gas enriched in carbon oxides and C3+ hydrocarbons. At higher temperatures, the gas fraction, riche in methane and hydrogen, is predominant over liquid products. This process has proved to be a versatile way to recover polyethylene wastes into valuable oils (rich in aliphatic and simple aromatic hydrocarbons) or gas, to be used as petrochemical feedstock or fuel, thus providing a sustainable method for material and energy recovery of waste packaging. mixed Zattini, Giorgio; Leonardi, Chiara; Mazzocchetti, Laura; Cavazzoni, Massimo; Montanari, Ivan; Tosi, Cristian; Benelli, Tiziana; Giorgini, Loris Zattini, Giorgio; Leonardi, Chiara; Mazzocchetti, Laura; Cavazzoni, Massimo; Montanari, Ivan; Tosi, Cristian; Benelli, Tiziana; Giorgini, Loris