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Given the paucity of reports on all-inside reconstruction procedures via the transfemoral approach, we describe a minimally invasive, all-inside transfemoral technique that enables creating femoral and tibial sockets from the intra-articular cavity. Our transfemoral approach makes it possible to sequentially create femoral and tibial sockets using the same reamer bit, while a single drilling guide is set in place. Our custom socket drilling guide was designed to integrate with a tibial tunnel guide, which helped locate the tunnel exit at an anatomically acceptable location. The advantages of this method include easy and precise positioning of the femoral tunnel, narrow tibial tunnel, minimal damage to the intramedullary trabecular bone integrity, and low postoperative risks of pain, bleeding, and infections.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to evaluate short‐term outcomes at least 2 years after dome‐shaped high tibial osteotomy (HTO) combined with all‐inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL) in patients with persistent ACL insufficiency accompanied by pain due to varus deformity. Methods The study enrolled 19 knees of 18 patients. The mean age was 58.4 ± 13.4 years and the mean postoperative follow‐up period was 31.4 ± 6.6 months (24–49 months). JOA(Japanese Orthopaedic Association)‐OA(osteoarthritis) score, Lysholm score, radiographic outcomes such as femoro‐tibia angle (FTA) in a standing position, side‐to‐side difference in KT‐1000 measurements were evaluated at pre op. and post operative final follow up. And arthroscopic evaluation was evaluated at the time of the HTO plate‐removal procedure. Results Before surgery, the mean JOA‐OA score was 65.0 ± 13.5, the mean Lysholm score was 47.2 ± 16.2, the mean femoro‐tibia angle (FTA) in a standing position was 183.8 ± 3.4° (range;180–190°), and the mean side‐to‐side difference in KT‐1000 measurements was 4.1 ± 1.3 mm. After surgery, the mean JOA‐OA score, Lysholm score, and side‐to‐side difference in KT‐1000 measurements improved to 93.1 ± 6.0 (P

The objective of this paper is to find object based solutions for a collision avoidance system. In this paper, the authors present an algorithm for obstacle detection, from the actual video images taken by an on-board camera. The proposed technique is based on Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) to extract features of the objects and classify the obstacles by the Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN). The experimental results showed that it can detect general objects, and is not restricted to vehicles, objects or pedestrians. It has provided good results along with high accuracy and reliability.

This work considers the path planning problem of personal mobility vehicle (PMV) for indoor navigation using the Artificial Potential Field (APF) method. The APF method sometimes suffers from an infinite loop problem during the planning phase when the goal is blocked by obstacles with certain characteristics. To address the issue, this study deploys the map augmentation method for replanning. When infinite loop situations occur, the map is transformed and the search for drivable path is initiated. The method successfully generates a feasible trajectory when the map is rotated at a certain angle. The scenario of successful planning is shown in the result.

A 65-year-old man with a history of refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent catheter ablation for persistent AF lasting 2 months. AF was not terminated after complete isolation of the 4 pulmonary veins (PV). Instead, it was transformed to a sustained atrial tachyarrhythmia with beat-to-beat variability in the atrial cycle length. A 12-lead electrocardiogram during tachycardia showed negative flutter-like waves in the inferior leads. Entrainment pacing along the tricuspid annulus confirmed the diagnosis of irregular cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent typical atrial flutter (AFL). Linear ablation of the CTI terminated AFL and restored sinus rhythm.

Introduction: Fasciculoventricular (FV) accessory pathways are rare variants of preexcitation syndrome and published data on the ECG of FV pathways are limited. The purpose of this study was to analyze the electrocardiographic characteristics of FV pathways. Methods: We enrolled 5 patients (mean age, 26.8 ± 15.1 years; range 15–49 years, 2 male) with FV pathways which were diagnosed based on the standard electrophysiologic criteria. According to the standard criteria for the ECG classification of manifest Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, the ECGs were classified as type A, B or C. The polarity of delta wave in each lead of each patient was divided into positive, flat or negative and was applied to the stepwise ECG algorithms of atrioventricular accessory pathway previously published by Fitzpatrick, Arruda and Iturralde. Results: Type A was found in one patient (Case No 4), type B in one patient (Case No 5) and type C in three patients (Case No 1, 2 and 3). Based on stepwise ECG algorithm, all cases corresponded to the polarity of the delta wave in patients with right anteroseptal, posteroseptal, right anterolateral or left anterolateral AP. In all three cases exhibiting type C, the polarity of delta wave in lead V2 was flat. Conclusions: ECGs of FV pathways may be misidentified as ECG of WPW syndrome, and may present with any preexcitation pattern of type A, B or C.

Focal pseudo-atrial fibrillation (AF) developed in a 30-year-old woman after radiofrequency (RF) ablation of focal atrial tachycardia (AT) originating from the coronary sinus ostium. Programmed atrial stimulation occasionally induced, accelerated or terminated AT, and a spiky prepotential preceded the earliest atrial electrogram at the AT focus. After the first RF application, repetitive bursts of accelerated tachycardia developed, mimicking AF on the surface ECG. An additional RF application where the spiky prepotential was observed, eliminated the focal pseudo-AF.

Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens (Hyline) were fed ad libitum in order to estimate energy expenditure of behavioral activities (BA) such as standing, eating or body movements et cetera under artificial day-night cyclic ambient temperatures (Ta) 33-25°C, 25-33°C and constant Ta 29-29°C. The light (12h)-dark (12h) periods synchronized with the Ta, commencing at 09 : 00. Body movement of the hens was detected by the Actigraph as activity count (ACT), while standing time (STN) et cetera were measured by the infra-red beam switches. Heat production (HP) was measured by the indirect calorimetry. HP, ACT and STN of each hen were measured continuously for 48h. The daily food intake (FI) of the hens were in a decreasing order at 29-29°C, 25-33°C and 33-25°C, respectively. On the other hand, the daily HP were in a reverse order of FI at 29-29°C, 25-33°C and 33-25°C, respectively. As the ACT and STN increased significantly during the dark periods under higher Ta, this may have induced higher HP. Energy expenditure of BA when expressed by the ACT were 19%, 22% and 30% of the daily HP at 33-25°C, 29-29°C and 25-33°C, respectively.

Six Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens (Shaver, Star cross 288) were used to estimate heat production (HP) for physical activities under different lighting regimes (LR) of 12L : 12D, 14L : 10D and 16L : 8D, respectively, fed ad libitum at 25°C. HP of each hen was measured by an open circuit indirect calorimeter for 48 h in each LR. Activity count (ACT), standing time (STN) and eating time (ETN) were also measured for the same 48 h. ACT was measured by the Actigraph, while STN and ETN were detected by the infra-red beam switches. The daily food intake (FI) did not vary significantly with the increase of LR. The daily ACT and STN increased significantly (P

Eight Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens were used to investigate the effects of feeding levels (FL), ad libitum and 40% feeding, and physical activities on heat production (HP) under different ambient temperatures (Ta) of 25, 29 and 33°C. HP were measured by the indirect calorimetry where each hen was observed for 48 h in each condition. Activity count (ACT), standing time (STN) and eating time (ETN) were also measured for the same 48 h. ACT was measured by the Actigraph and the STN and ETN were detected by the infra-red beam switches. HP decreased with the increase of Ta and with the decrease of food intake (FI). The daily ACT decreased significantly (P

Eight commercial Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used to study the effects of high ambient temperature on behavioral activities and to select a better parameter for the estimation of heat production between activity count and standing time. The hens were kept at ambient temperatures of 25, 29, and 33°C and fed ad libitum. Daily feed intake and heat production decreased with the increase of temperature. Daily total standing time increased significantly with the increase of temperature, specially the increase occurred in the dark periods at 29 and 33°C, and were 247% (P

Since the millimeter wave sensor can detect micro vibrations, it is possible to acquire the respiration and heartbeat of the human body. As a preliminary step to acquire such information inside the vehicle, we developed a device that detects seats where people sit. In this paper, we describe the configuration of this device and the way to deal with range resolution and multipath, which were problems in detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]