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The soybean pod borer, Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura), is an important tortricid pest species widely distributed in most parts of China and its adjacent regions. Here, we analyzed the genetic diversity and population differentiation of L. glycinivorella using diverse genetic information including the standard cox1 barcode sequences, mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotyping‐by‐sequencing. Based on a comprehensive sampling (including adults or larvae of L. glycinivorella newly collected at 22 of the total 30 localities examined) that covers most of the known distribution range of this pest, analyses of 543 cox1 barcode sequences and 60 mitogenomes revealed that the traditionally recognized and widely distributed L. glycinivorella contains two sympatric and widely distributed genetic lineages (A and B) that were estimated to have diverged ∼1.14 million years ago during the middle Pleistocene. Moreover, low but statistically significant correlations were recognized between genetic differentiation and geographic or environmental distances, indicating the existence of local adaptation to some extent. Based on SNPs, phylogenetic inference, principal component analysis, fixation index, and admixture analysis all confirm the two divergent sympatric lineages. Compared with the stable demographic history of Lineage B, the expansion of Lineage A had possibly made the secondary contact of the two lineages probable, and this process may be driven by the climate fluctuation during the late Pleistocene as revealed by ecological niche modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study we have described four new species of Eucosmini (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae) namely Blastesthia umngotana sp. n., Rhopaltriplasia umiamensis sp. n., Zeiraphera mussoorieana sp. n. and Zeiraphera almoraensis sp. n. from India. The genera Blastesthia Obraztsov, 1960, Zeiraphera Treitschke, 1829 and Rhopaltriplasia Diakonoff 1973 are recorded for the first time from India. Descriptions and photographic illustrations of adult habitus, wing venation and genitalia are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenology models are widely used in Decision Support Systems to predict the phenology of pests. Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a polyphagous pest, has a high prevalence in apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) (Rosales: Rosaceae) in certain areas, despite the fact that apple trees are considered secondary hosts. Its natural behavior of feeding inside plant tissue at the larval stage makes monitoring and planning methods of control critical for Integrated Pest Management. The development times and survival rates of two field populations of G. molesta larvae on apple cultivars 'Gala', 'Golden', and 'Fuji' were determined under different temperature (constant versus field fluctuation) and feeding conditions (diet versus apples attached to the tree and detached from the tree). The results showed that G. molesta fitness in apples is affected by fluctuating temperature regimes in the field, the condition of the fruit, whether or not the fruit is attached to the tree, and the cultivar. The temperature was the main cause of the differences in the studied parameters. Larvae developme–nt time was delayed due to fluctuating field temperatures. Larvae had a shorter development time in fruits detached from the tree compared to attached fruits, and apple cultivars influenced development time in both laboratory and field conditions, with the 'Golden' cultivar having better fitness and a higher rate of larvae survival in the fruits attached to the tree. These factors need to be considered to properly adjust the phenology models and improve the Integrated Pest Management system of apples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura) is one of the most important soybean pests and often causes serious damage to Glycine max (L.) Merr. a leading source of dietary protein and oil in animal feed. However, the potential distribution patterns of this economically important pest and its driving factors require further investigation. Here, we used the optimized MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution of this pest with multiple variables associated with climate, land use, and host plant, at its recorded range and a globe scale. Based on 4 variable combinations, the results show that the current suitable habitats of L. glycinivorella are primarily distributed in most of China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. Whereas no suitable area is present in other continents. In future projections, the suitable region shows a slight northward expansion compared with the result predicted with current climatic conditions, and the suitable areas of almost all future projections were stable in size. Among the 9 bioclimatic factors, BIO03 (isothermality) consistently highly contributes to the predictions, indicating that temperature may be a key factor influencing the habitat distribution of L. glycinivorella. Comparative analyses of projections further show that non-climatic factors are informative in the modeling as routinely used bioclimate variables. The spatio-temporal distribution patterns of suitable habitats and the regulatory factors predicted in this study could provide important guidance for L. glycinivorella management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple Epiphyas species inhabit southwestern Western Australia, including Light Brown Apple Moth (LBAM) Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a globally significant, polyphagous pest. This study evaluated the efficacy and specificity of lures designed for 3 Epiphyas species: E. postvittana , Epiphyas pulla (Turner), and the undescribed Epiphyas sp. (1) (Common). Additionally, the study sought to determine the presence and distribution of Epiphyas species in 3 significant apple-growing localities. Trapping, together with partial sequencing of the mitochondrial COI gene, found LBAM to be restricted to the Perth Hills and E. pulla , to apple orchards near Manjimup and Pemberton. This geographic disjunction remains unexplained. Epiphyas sp. (1) was not recorded despite using a specifically designed lure. The E. pulla and LBAM traps demonstrated superior efficacy in capturing their target species, while the catch in Epiphyas sp. (1) traps did not significantly differ between the 2. Both E. pulla and LBAM exhibited peak abundance from late spring to the end of summer (October–February), with variations in timing and peak catch of male moths across species, locations, and years. Surveys conducted in April during the harvest period (February–May), when moth traps caught an average of 1–1.8 moths/trap/week, found no Epiphyas larvae or damage on 140,400 mature apples or on 26,000 leaves. While E. pulla and LBAM traps effectively monitor their target moths, genetic identification of trap catch would be necessary if they co-occurred. Encouragingly, the results indicate that both species become relatively rare as harvest season approaches, and neither inflicts significant damage to mature apples under existing management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The plum fruit moth, Grapholita funebrana Treitschke (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), is an important agricultural pest that seriously affects fruit production across the Palearctic region. In this study, for the first time, we predict the potential global distribution of this pest using an ensemble species distribution model. The distribution range predicted, especially for those regions with highly suitable habitats for this moth in parts of East Asia and Europe, indicates a high risk of G. funebrana outbreaks and the accompanying massive economic losses, especially in plum and apricot production, highlighting the necessity of pest management. In the United States of America (USA) and Japan (for which G. funebrana distributions have not previously been recorded), especially in areas that are highly suitable for this moth, monitoring and quarantine measures should be strengthened to prevent the colonization of this pest and its subsequent wide dispersal. The plum fruit moth, Grapholita funebrana Treitschke, is one of the most significant borer pests, often causing huge economic losses in fruit production. However, the potential distribution range of this economically important pest is still poorly understood. For this study, we simulated an ensemble species distribution model to predict the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of G. funebrana at a global scale. The results show that the suitable habitats for this moth, under current environmental conditions, are mainly distributed in Europe; East Asia, including China and Japan; Central Asia; and some parts of America. In future projections, the suitable habitats are predicted to generally expand northward, while the suitable area will remain unchanged overall. However, the area of highly suitable habitat will decrease to only 17.49% of that found under current conditions. None of the nine factors used were revealed to be predominant predictors in terms of contributing to the model, suggesting that the integrated effects of these variables shape G. funebrana's distribution. In this study, the distribution range that has been predicted, especially for the regions with a highly suitable habitat, poses a high risk of G. funebrana outbreaks, highlighting the urgency of pest management. Moreover, in the United States of America (USA) and Japan (for which G. funebrana distributions were not previously recorded), especially in areas highly suitable for this moth, monitoring and quarantine measures should be strengthened to prevent the colonization and further dispersal of this pest, as seen with its close relative G. molesta, which has become a cosmopolitan pest species, migrating from its native region (East Asia) to other continents, including the Americas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grape berry moths, particularly Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and vinegar flies, such as Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), are important vineyard pests, causing severe quality loss of grapes. Several arthropod taxa may be involved in the natural control of these pests. However, the role of arthropod predators in the natural control of vineyard pests remains unclear. We investigated 32 vineyards in the Palatinate region, southwest Germany, under organic and conventional management, which in both cases received either full or reduced fungicide applications (2 × 2 design). Predation of L. botrana eggs and pupae and D. melanogaster pupae on sentinel cards exposed in the vineyards was observed with infrared cameras. In total, nine predator taxa could be identified. The most dominant predator was the European earwig, Forficula auricularia L. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), with 90% of all predation events. We conclude that F. auricularia is likely a key predator of vineyard pests, and that special attention should be paid to maintain it at high population densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effectiveness of pheromone lures for Grapholita molesta (Busck 1916) from Propher (Czech Republic) and Pherobank (Netherlands), the attractiveness of green and transparent pheromone traps and the representation of non-target species were evaluated in three study areas of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) in 2019-2021 (24 traps per year). A total of 6 536 Grapholita molesta and 946 individuals of 17 non-target species were collected. Grapholita molesta was frequently captured in green delta traps with a Pherobank pheromone lure. Therefore, pheromone lures from different manufacturers have different efficacy and require the independent setting of harmfulness thresholds. An overview of non-target species recorded by other authors was compiled. Among the non-target species, morphologically similar species of Tortricidae dominated, causing considerable problems in the signalling of control measures of the target species.

Five species of Eucosmini: Epinotia bushiensis Kawabe, 1980; Heleanna tokyoensis Nasu, 2007; Rhopobota symbolias (Meyrick, 1912); Spilonota melanocopa (Meyrick, 1912); and Zeiraphera hiroshii Kawabe, 1980, are reported for the first time from Korea. The former two are the species previously known only from the type country, Japan. Photographs of the external and genital features are provided for the species treated here.

Studies of oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck), and codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), both important pests of pome fruit, evaluated the addition of low‐intensity light‐emitting diode (LED) to delta traps baited with 3 commercial monitoring lures. Studies were conducted in 9 orchards treated with and without sex pheromone mating disruption for one or both species. OFM was monitored with a two‐part pheromone/kairomone lure (OFM Combo Dual), while CM was monitored with either a two‐part kairomone lure (CM Dual 4 K) or a sex pheromone lure (CM PH). Both pests were monitored with or without the addition of three types of a low power LED light with peak intensity at 395 (UV‐A), 458 (blue), and 516 (green) nm. The UV‐A LED was found to be the most effective among the three lights for OFM. Unexpectedly, traps with the OFM Combo Dual lure plus UV‐A LED caught similar numbers of CM as traps baited with the CM Dual 4 K and CM PH lures alone. They also caught other pest species, such as oblique banded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and peach twig borer (PTB), Anarsia lineatella (Zeller). Interestingly, in different trials the OFM Combo Dual combined with UV‐A LED light caught significantly more OFM and/or CM females compared to the OFM Combo Dual lure without light, opening the perspective for a female‐oriented monitoring and for a “female removal” management approach of these pests. The development of inexpensive, dual‐modality traps adding a light stimulus to a pheromone/kairomone lure may reduce monitoring costs in orchards with multiple moth pests, improving the trapping efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study examined specimens of the tribe Olethreutini collected from more than 60 sites in Taiwan between the years 1921 and 2005, listing 102 species in 35 genera. The specimens are deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), and the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA (FSCA). At the same time, the distribution of these species in mainland China was examined, and the research specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection, Nankai University, Tianjin, China (NKU). This study makes up for the shortcomings of the previous research on the Chinese tortricids, which is conducive to the comprehensive completion of the systematic research of Chinese fauna and also provides basic data for the systematic research of the world's leaf-roller moth. Thirty-five genera and one hundred and two species of the tortricid tribe Olethreutini documented from Taiwan are listed, two genera and six species of which are newly recorded for China and two genera and eighteen species of which are newly recorded for Taiwan. Nine species are recorded in the mainland of China for the first time, which were endemic to Taiwan before this study. The local monographs of China and references are summarized with the examined specimens. The synonymies and geographic distribution in China are provided for each species, and a list of examined specimens is provided when applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The codling moth Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is one of the most important pests in apple production. The provision of sugar resources improved adult fitness of this species in laboratory studies and could also be enhanced in the field, for example, by naturally occurring carbohydrate sources in the orchard environment. In addition, the effects of sugar resources on field populations may differ from those of laboratory strains due to altered nutritional requirements. The survival of moths from overwintered field populations was compared with that of a non‐diapausing laboratory strain in feeding experiments with water, two sugar solutions or buckwheat flowers. The effect of these diets was similar for all populations, yet moths from one field‐collected strain lived shorter than those reared in the laboratory. In general, males lived about 3–5 days longer than females. The provision of glucose resulted in the highest survival of both sexes in all populations (24 days). Buckwheat nectar tended to slightly prolong the moths' lifespan compared to the water control (+3 days). Female fecundity was highly variable and was affected by adult diet. Similar to the results obtained under laboratory conditions, the provision of glucose and buckwheat nectar prolonged adult survival in associated field exposure experiments. In general, the nutritional requirements of adult codling moths did not vary according to their origin, even when reared continuously in the laboratory for many generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of pheromone lures for Grapholita molesta (Busck 1916) from Propher (Czech Republic) and Pherobank (Netherlands), the attractiveness of green and transparent pheromone traps and the representation of non-target species were evaluated in three study areas of southern Moravia (Czech Republic) in 2019–2021 (24 traps per year). A total of 6 536 Grapholita molesta and 946 individuals of 17 non-target species were collected. Grapholita molesta was frequently captured in green delta traps with a Pherobank pheromone lure. Therefore, pheromone lures from different manufacturers have different efficacy and require the independent setting of harmfulness thresholds. An overview of non-target species recorded by other authors was compiled. Among the non-target species, morphologically similar species of Tortricidae dominated, causing considerable problems in the signalling of control measures of the target species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascogaster mimetica Viereck is an egg-larval parasitoid that targets Sparganothis sulfureana Clemens, a major cranberry pest in North America. While previous studies have shown that other Ascogaster species respond to cues from their hosts' eggs, it remains unknown whether A. mimetica utilizes these cues to recognize S. sulfureana. We hypothesized that female A. mimetica recognizes S. sulfureana from another cranberry pest, Choristoneura parallela Robinson, based on the presence of surface cues on eggs. To test this, we observed female A. mimetica behavior when exposed to eggs from its host, S. sulfureana ; a nonhost, C. parallela ; and eggs of S. sulfureana that were washed clean with hexane. Additionally, we tracked parasitism rates in each group. Our results revealed that A. mimetica spent 9.5 times longer walking when exposed to C. parallela eggs and 6 times longer when exposed to hexane-washed S. sulfureana eggs compared to unwashed S. sulfureana eggs. Also, A. mimetica spent 3 times longer grooming when exposed to hexane-washed than unwashed S. sulfureana eggs. In contrast, females spent 6 and 18 times longer drumming and probing/ovipositing on unwashed S. sulfureana eggs than on C. parallela eggs and 5 times longer probing/ovipositing on unwashed S. sulfureana eggs than on hexane-washed S. sulfureana eggs. Higher parasitism rates were observed from unwashed S. sulfureana eggs compared to those from C. parallela eggs and hexane-washed S. sulfureana eggs. Our findings suggest that the presence of egg surface cues, like scales, of S. sulfureana likely plays a crucial role in host acceptance and parasitism success for A. mimeti ca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article documents the discovery of Aethes francillana larvae feeding on Rock Samphire (Crithmum maritimum) at Dungeness Bird Observatory, marking a notable deviation from its previously recognized food plant, Wild Carrot (Daucus carota). Topics discussed include the moth's larval feeding behavior, the plant's role as a food source, and comparisons with other recorded food plants and species.

The past and present status of Grapholita pallifrontana in Cambridgeshire has been investigated. The species was discovered in Cambridgeshire by William Warren, most likely in 1887; the next published record was in 2021. Its sole larval foodplant, Wild Liquorice Astragalus glycyphyllos has been well-documented by botanists since 1660. We visited the 15 monads with post-1985 records and relocated plants in 11 of them, plus one new adjacent monad. We subsequently revisited these 12 monads during the season when larvae are detectable within the seedpods, and found G. pallifrontana in six of the monads, concentrated in the southeast and southwest of VC29. The botanical history of these sites suggests that Wild Liquorice has probably only been present in these locations for the last half-century, and that both foodplant and moth must therefore be quite mobile. Records from adjacent vicecounties demonstrate an overall L-shaped G. pallifrontana distribution, with the Cambridgeshire colonies at its eastern extremity, and raise the question of whether most may belong to a single meta-population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tortricid moth Cochylimorpha woliniana (Schleich, 1868) was discovered new to Britain from Tilbury Ashfields, South Essex, during 2022, breeding in the stems of Wormwood Artemisia absinthium. Images of the adult and of the male and female genitalia are provided. It is hypothesised that Cochylimorpha woliniana has a long history of establishment in Britain but has been overlooked until this discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to estimate the risk of pest infestation can help farmers to reduce pesticide application and provide guidance that would result in better management decisions. This study tested whether different combinations of spatial and temporal risk factors may be used to predict the damage potential of pea moth, Cydia nigricana Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major pest in field pea (Pisum sativum L., Fabaceae). Over four consecutive years, the abundance of pea moth was monitored by placing pheromone traps at various field pea‐cultivation sites. We also assessed the phenological development stages and the percentage of damaged seeds per 100 pods collected from each growing pea field in a region of approximately 30 km in diameter. The study found the significant infestation risk indicators to be the time of flowering, the date on which male pea moths are first detected in the monitoring traps and the minimum distance to pea fields that were planted and harvested in the previous growing season. The combination of all three factors using a general additive model approach yielded the best results. The model proposed by this study accurately discriminated between low‐infestation and high‐infestation fields in 95% of cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) represent a threat to wine production in Mediterranean countries. In recent years, the development of new formulations promoted the spread of pheromone-based mating disruption (MD) as an effective tool for the management of several insect pests in different agricultural contexts. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of an experimental dispenser designed for simultaneous MD of these two pests. The biodegradable double-tube dispenser (Isonet® L CG-BIOX235) was tested for two years in two Italian wine-growing sites, the first in Apulia (Southern Italy), and the second in Tuscany (Central Italy). Isonet® L CG-BIOX235 efficacy was evaluated by testing different doses (i.e., 300, 400, and 500 dispensers/ha), on different varieties (i.e., Aglianico, Syrah, and Viognier), and comparing it with an untreated control. The MD performed using this dispenser significantly reduced the infestation of both L. botrana (i.e., percentage of infested bunches and number of nests per bunch) and C. gnidiella compared to the untreated control, although the occurrence of the latter fluctuated throughout the two-year trials. Overall, although our results underline the possibility of combining the pheromones of the two pests in a single dispenser for their simultaneous MD, they also highlight the need for further studies on some aspects of C. gnidiella biology and consequently improve the MD efficacy against this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competition between parasitoids for available hosts is common in insects. These interactions are often negative and are believed to reduce the overall impact of top‐down population regulation. In the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), two parasitoid species are very common and often interact during the period of low‐density populations between outbreaks: the koinobiont endoparasitoid Tranosema rostrale (Brishke) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and the idiobiont ectoparasitoid Elachertus cacoeciae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Data collected from field‐implanted larvae of spruce budworm exposed in summer during a 35‐year period between 1987 and 2022 were used to estimate the response of these two parasitoids to the density of their spruce budworm host, and the nature and importance of competitive interactions between them. It was found that both parasitoids are most effective at very low host population density, and that a strong, density‐dependent, and negative correlation of frequencies exists between them. This negative correlation is evident both among and within years and indicates that the parasitoids have developed seasonal history and host choice behaviors that tend to minimize the negative impact of direct competition on their respective performance. It appears that the koinobiont T. rostrale manages, through those adaptive strategies, to avoid direct competition inside a larval host with the competitively superior idiobiont E. cacoeciae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two complete nests of Pterocheilus phaleratus (Panzer, 1797) were described from the north-eastern edge of the Pomeranian Flying Club in Toruń (northern Poland). Both nests were built in sandy terrain on a sloping surface (about 20°). The nests consists of a 5 cm long main burrow with a single cell. Digging and backfilling the nest involves carrying fine gravel in the mandibles. Females transported prey at a frequency of 6 to 12 minutes. The cell contained 25 larvae from the Tortricidae family (Acleris spp.). Metopia cf. argyrocephala (Meigen, 1824) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was observed following the female into the nest, but specimens of this species were not excavated from the cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In March 2019, several swellings caused by mistletoe (Viscum album L.) were collected in the south of the Province of Luxembourg to demonstrate a possible presence of Synanthedon loranthi (Králícek, 1966). Some galls were collected both on apple (Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.). As a coincidental find, a caterpillar of Celypha woodiana (Barrett, 1882) (Tortricidae) was also found. This species has not been observed in Belgium for many decades and the correct identification of the only previous find is doubtful. Moreover, the specimen in question can no longer be traced, making the bred moth from the Luxembourg province the first verifiable observation from Belgium. The biology of the species is discussed here as well as its currently known distribution in Europe. Another Tortricidae, Archips podana (Scopoli, 1763), was also found on mistletoe; this species is also discussed as well as a parasitic wasp that parasitises the caterpillar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia is the property of Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the results of studying the fauna of Lepidoptera in the North Kazakhstan region in the field season of 2023. An annotated check-list includes 162 species from the families Psychidae, Plutellidae, Depressariidae, Autostichidae, Gelechiidae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Crambidae, Tortricidae, Cossidae, Sesiidae, Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Satyridae, Drepanidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Endromididae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Arctiidae, Erebidae, Noctuidae. 47 species reported from the North Kazakhstan region for the first time.

The functional and numerical response and the potential for mutual interference are key components in the selection of parasitoids for biological control. In this study, functional and numerical responses of Goniozus legneri to different densities of fifth instar Cydia pomonella larvae and mutual interference of this parasitoid were studied under laboratory conditions. Logistic regression was used to find the type of functional response and the result was type II. The attack rate, handling time, the parasitoid searching efficiency and the maximum host mortality rate were estimated by fitting the Holling model to the data. The numerical response of the parasitoid did not vary based on the availability of codling moth larvae. The negative value of the interference coefficient (−0.228) in the mutual interference analysis showed an inverse relationship between parasitoid density and per capita searching efficiency. This suggests that when the density of G. legneri and C. pomonella larvae is equivalent, the parasitoid proves to be more effective in pest control. The findings of this study contribute to increasing the knowledge of G. legneri and its potential as a biocontrol agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tortricidae is one of the largest families in Lepidoptera, including subfamilies of Tortricinae, Olethreutinae, and Chlidanotinae. Here, we assembled the gap-free genome for the subfamily Chlidanotinae using Illumina, Nanopore, and Hi-C sequencing from Polylopha cassiicola, a pest of camphor trees in southern China. The nuclear genome is 302.03 Mb in size, with 36.82% of repeats and 98.4% of BUCSO completeness. The karyotype is 2n = 44 for males. We identified 15412 protein-coding genes, 1052 tRNAs, and 67 rRNAs. We also determined the mitochondrial genome of this species and annotated 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and one rRNA. These high-quality genomes provide valuable information for studying phylogeny, karyotypic evolution, and adaptive evolution of tortricid moths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of R.A.R.E - Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie is the property of Association Roussillonnaise d Entomologie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Winter climate change constitutes not only a shift in chronic conditions (i.e. shorter length and warmer average temperatures) but will also influence the dynamics of extreme warming events. The latter may be particularly important for the performance and survival of insects, given their susceptibility to temperature variation. However, metabolic sensitivity changes over the course of winter diapause, and thus, insect responses to warming may vary depending on when the event occurs. To determine the influence of warm-up timing, we exposed the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana ((Clem.), Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to acute warming events in early-, mid-, and late-dormancy and measured impacts on survival, performance, and biochemistry. While we did not observe any impacts of warm-up timing on performance, survival to the adult stage was significantly reduced in response to earlier warming. Additionally, glycogen concentration was significantly higher in response to early and late warming exposure. Collectively, these results suggest that the timing of extreme winter warming events matters, with consequences for both lethal and sublethal responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soybean bud borer, a soybean pest in Brazil, was initially identified as Crocidosema aporema (Walsingham 1914) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Outbreaks of this species have recently increased, but identification of this pest remains uncertain, and the historical factors associated with its geographic distribution in Brazil are little known. Here, we conducted a species characterization and phylogeographic analysis based on molecular and morphological evidence. Ninety individuals of bud-borers Lepidoptera were collected in different regions of Brazil. We sequenced COI and COII mitochondrial genes and examined wing patterns and male genital morphology. DNA barcoding approach revealed that 10 individuals were Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick 1909) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and 80 were a species of the genus Crocidosema Zeller. The morphology of the adult genitalia and wings proved to be insufficient to confirm the identification of Brazilian individuals as C. aporema , a species originally described from a high-elevation site in Costa Rica. Furthermore, the genetic distance between putative C. aporema specimens from Brazil and Costa Rica (ranging from 5.2% to 6.4%) supports the hypothesis that the Brazilian specimens are not referable to C. aporema. Our analysis revealed a single genetic strain (i.e. species) with low genetic diversity on soybean crops. We found no indication that the genetic structure was related to geographic distance among populations or edaphoclimatic regions. The population expansion of the soybean bud borer coincides with the increase in the area of soybean production in Brazil, suggesting that expanded soybean farming has allowed a significant increase in the effective population size of this pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two complete nests of Pterocheilus phaleratus (Panzer, 1797) were described from the north-eastern edge of the Pomeranian Flying Club in Toruń (northern Poland). Both nests were built in sandy terrain on a sloping surface (about 20°). The nests consists of a 5 cm long main burrow with a single cell. Digging and backfilling the nest involves carrying fine gravel in the mandibles. Females transported prey at a frequency of 6 to 12 minutes. The cell contained 25 larvae from the Tortricidae family (Acleris spp.). Metopia cf. argyrocephala (Meigen, 1824) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) was observed following the female into the nest, but specimens of this species were not excavated from the cell.

In this study, four species of the families Praydidae and Tortricidae, Prays kappa Moriuti, 1977, P. lambda Moriuti, 1977, Matsumuraeses vicina Kuznetzov, 1973, and Phaecasiophora walsinghami Diakonoff, 1959, are reported for the first time from Korea. The description, photographs of adult and genitalia, and host plant are provided.

Phenology models are widely used in Decision Support Systems to predict the phenology of pests. Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a polyphagous pest, has a high prevalence in apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) (Rosales: Rosaceae) in certain areas, despite the fact that apple trees are considered secondary hosts. Its natural behavior of feeding inside plant tissue at the larval stage makes monitoring and planning methods of control critical for Integrated Pest Management. The development times and survival rates of two field populations of G. molesta larvae on apple cultivars ‘Gala’, ‘Golden’, and ‘Fuji’ were determined under different temperature (constant versus field fluctuation) and feeding conditions (diet versus apples attached to the tree and detached from the tree). The results showed that G. molesta fitness in apples is affected by fluctuating temperature regimes in the field, the condition of the fruit, whether or not the fruit is attached to the tree, and the cultivar. The temperature was the main cause of the differences in the studied parameters. Larvae developme–nt time was delayed due to fluctuating field temperatures. Larvae had a shorter development time in fruits detached from the tree compared to attached fruits, and apple cultivars influenced development time in both laboratory and field conditions, with the ‘Golden’ cultivar having better fitness and a higher rate of larvae survival in the fruits attached to the tree. These factors need to be considered to properly adjust the phenology models and improve the Integrated Pest Management system of apples.

Morphological organization, ultrastructure and adaptational changes under different light intensities (10000, 100, 1, and 0.01 mW/m² ) of the compound eye of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck 1916) were investigated. Its superposition type of eyes consist of approximately 1072 ommatidia in males and 1029 ommatidia in females with ommatidial diameters of around 15 μm. Each ommatidium features a laminated corneal lens densely covered by corneal nipples of 256 nm in height. Crystalline cones are formed by four cone cells, proximally tapering to form a narrow crystalline tract with a diameter of 1.5 μm. Eight retinula cells, two primary and six secondary pigment cells per ommatidium are present. The 62.3 μm long rhabdom is divided into a thin 1.8 μm wide distal and a 5.2 μm wide proximal region. Distally the fused rhabdom consists of the rhabdomeres of seven retinula cells (R1-R7) and connects with the crystalline cone. In the proximal rhabdom region, the pigment-containing retinula cell R8 occupies a position in centre of the rhabdom while R1-R7 cells have taken peripheral positions. At this level each ommatidial group of retinula cells is surrounded by a tracheal tapetum. In response to changes from bright-light to dim-light adaptations, the pigment granules in the secondary pigment cells and retinula cells migrate distally, with a decrease in the length of crystalline tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, six species of Statherotmantis Diakonoff, 1973 were previously recorded. In the present study, four other species were recognized using morphology and DNA barcording analysis. Among these, three of which, S. miniscula sp. n., S. calva sp. n., and S. longiuscula sp. n., are described as new. In addition, one species, S. laetana Kuznetzov, 1988, is a new record for China. Adults and genitalia are illustrated, and keys to identify the Chinese species of Statherotmantis are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The post-flowering pest pod borer, Cydia ptychora causing huge yield losses in soybean. It is said to be active in soybean ecosystem from September to December with 10.50-91.29 per cent incidence. The maximum incidence (95.55%) was observed to be in July sown crop. Methods: Culture of the insect was initiated by collecting larvae and pupae from infected soybean crop and was shifted to rearing cages. Ten pairs of newly emerged adult moths were released in plastic container containing soybean pods for oviposition. On hatching, larvae were reared on soybean pods till pupation. Moist sand was provided for pupation. Further, the life cycle was tracked thoroughly to understand bionomics. Result: Freshly laid eggs were pearly white, translucent, spherical having mean length of 0.49±0.016 mm and 0.31±0.009 mm width. Larval development completed within 20.86±4.59 days passing through five instars. The pupal period lasted for 9.13±2.45 days. Longevity of male and female was 1.90±0.80 and 4.93±1.60 days respectively. The total life cycle of the pod borer from egg to adult was 34.53±4.90 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wolbachia is a ubiquitous endosymbiotic bacterium that manipulates insect reproduction. A notable feature of Wolbachia is male killing (MK), whereby sons of infected females are killed during development; however, the evolutionary processes by which Wolbachia acquired the MK ability remain unclear. The tea tortrix moth Homona magnanima (Tortricidae) harbours three non‐MK Wolbachia strains (wHm‐a, wHm‐b and wHm‐c) and an MK strain wHm‐t. Although wHm‐t and wHm‐c are closely related, only wHm‐t has an MK‐associated prophage region. To understand the evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of MK wHm‐t, we examined Wolbachia infections and phenotypes in 62 tortricid species collected from 39 localities across Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam and Indonesia. PCR assays detected wHm‐c relatives in 51 species and triple infection of wHm‐a, wHm‐b and wHm‐c in 31 species. Apart from Taiwanese H. magnanima, no species exhibited the MK phenotype and were positive for the wHm‐t‐specific prophage. While wHm‐t infection was dominant in Taiwanese H. magnanima, wHm‐a, wHm‐b and wHm‐c were dominant in Japanese H. magnanima populations. These results suggest that wHm‐a, wHm‐b and wHm‐c strains descended from a common ancestor with repeated infection loss and that wHm‐t evolved from the wHm‐c acquiring MK ability in allopatric populations of H. magnanima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis & Shiffermüller 1776) is an economically important pest of the vine-growing areas worldwide. Chemical insecticides have been used for its control; however, its resistance status is largely unknown in many regions. We monitored the susceptibility of several L. botrana populations from Greece and Turkey. In addition, based on RNAseq transcriptome analysis, we identified and phylogenetically classify the cytochrome P450 genes of L. botrana , as well as analysed target site sequences and looked for the presence of known resistance mutations. Resistance against chlorantraniliprole, alpha-cypermethrin, spinetoram, etofenprox, and acetamiprid was very low (below 2.5-fold in all cases, compared to a reference strain from Greece) in all populations from Greece that were included in the study. However, resistance against indoxacarb (4–30-fold), spinosad (5–59-fold), and deltamethrin (18–30 fold) was detected in the L. botrana populations from Turkey, compared to a reference population from Turkey. De novo transcriptome assembly and manual annotation, and subsequent PCR-based analysis of insecticide target sequences (i.e. voltage-gated sodium channel – VGSC: target of pyrethroids and oxadiazines; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit a6 – nAChR_ α 6: target of spinosad; ryanodine receptor – RyR: target of diamides; glutamate-gated chloride channel – GluCl: target of avermectins and; acetylcholinesterase – AChE: target of organophosphates) showed the absence of known resistance mutations in all specimens from both countries. Finally, the L. botrana CYPome (116 genes) was manually analysed and phylogenetically characterised, to provide resources for future studies that will aim the analysis of metabolic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

General odorant-binding proteins (GOBPs) play a crucial role in the detection of host plant volatiles and pheromones by lepidopterans. Previous studies identified two duplications in the GOBP2 gene in Cydia pomonella. In this study, we employed qRT-PCR, protein purification, and fluorescence competitive binding assays to investigate the functions of three GOBP2 genes in C. pomonella. Our findings reveal that CpomGOBP2a and CpomGOBP2b are specifically highly expressed in antennae, while CpomGOBP2c exhibits high specific expression in wings, suggesting a potential divergence in their functions. Recombinant proteins of CpomGOBP2a, CpomGOBP2b, and CpomGOBP2c were successfully expressed and purified, enabling an in-depth exploration of their functions. Competitive binding assays with 20 host plant volatiles and the sex pheromone (codlemone) demonstrated that CpomGOBP2a exhibits strong binding to four compounds, namely butyl octanoate, ethyl (2E,4Z)-deca-2,4-dienoate (pear ester), codlemone, and geranylacetone, with corresponding dissolution constants (Ki) of 8.59993 μM, 9.14704 μM, 22.66298 μM, and 22.86923 μM, respectively. CpomGOBP2b showed specific binding to pear ester (Ki = 17.37481 μM), while CpomGOBP2c did not exhibit binding to any tested compounds. In conclusion, our results indicate a functional divergence among CpomGOBP2a, CpomGOBP2b, and CpomGOBP2c. These findings contribute valuable insights for the development of novel prevention and control technologies and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of olfactory genes in C. pomonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argyrotaenia socoromaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Tortricinae, Archipini) from the arid Andes of northern Chile is described and illustrated. Adults are sexually dimorphic, with differences in wing size, shape and pattern. The larvae feed on Stevia philippiana Hieron. (Asteraceae) and Lupinus oreophilus Phil. (Fabaceae). Genetic distance between DNA barcodes of male and female adults reared from larvae collected on the two hosts was 0-0.2% (K2P). The discovery of A. socoromaensis sp. nov. represents the first record of the genus Argyrotaenia Stephens, 1852 and the tribe Archipini for the Chilean fauna of Tortricidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new species of the genus Phaecadophora, P. dactylina sp. nov. and P. vascularis sp. nov., are described from the southwest China. Photographs of the adults and the genitalia are provided. Keys to the species of the genus based on the male and female genitalia are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infestation of Ophiorrhabda mormopa (Meyrick, 1906) (Tortricidae) on flowers and fruits of Syzygium aqueum and S. samarangense (Myrtaceae) is newly reported from Kerala, India. Diagnosis of O. mormopa, including male and female genitalia, is provided. Mean intensity of infestation on flower buds of S. aqueum was 25.86 % and 35.6 % respectively in two localities. On S. samarangense, 13.3 % was the mean flower infestation. Chrysonotomyia sp. (Eulophidae) and an unidentified Bethylidae (both Hymenoptera) are reported as larval parasitoids of O. mormopa. This is the first report of O. mormopa on S. samarangense and Syzygium myrtifolium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concinocordis wilsonarum Razowski and Brown, 2012 was described from seven specimens reared from native fruit (all Sapotaceae) in Kenya. The accumulation of additional specimens and re-analyses of DNA sequence data (COI barcodes) reveals that the species is actually a complex of three distinct entities, each separated from its nearest relative by COI divergences of at least 8%. Differences in forewing maculation provide additional evidence that the three are distinct. Concinocordis bartocki Brown, new species, is described, but the second new species is not because it is represented by a single male in exceedingly poor condition. A damaged pupal exuvium of C. wilsonarum shows marked dissimilarities with the pupae of other tortricids. The enigmatic tribal assignment of Concinocordis is discussed briefly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a major global agricultural pest of apple, pear, and walnut, and its behaviors are largely influenced by taste and smell. Different protein families that function as chemosensory receptors mediate detection of compounds from the environment. Manipulation of codling moth behaviors by using these compounds in orchards has been a successful approach to reduce fruit damage. This approach, however, has largely targeted male behaviors. Since it is the females that lay eggs, which propagate the species, in this report we sought to learn more about female behaviors. Specifically, we examined gene expression of the smell and taste receptors in female codling moth abdomen tip organs involved in egg-laying behaviors. We identified sets of both smell and taste receptor genes expressed in the abdomen tip that are likely candidates to influence egg-laying decisions. We also determined that expression of some of these receptors is increased or decreased after mating. These results increase our knowledge about the genes that can influence female codling moth behaviors. Future research will study the role of individual receptors with the aim of identifying taste and smell compounds that can be used to manipulate female codling moth behaviors in orchards. In insects, the chemical senses influence most vital behaviors, including mate seeking and egg laying; these sensory modalities are predominantly governed by odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), and gustatory receptors (GRs). The codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is a global pest of apple, pear, and walnut, and semiochemically based management strategies limit the economic impacts of this species. The previous report of expression of a candidate pheromone-responsive OR in female codling moth ovipositor and pheromone glands raises further questions about the chemosensory capacity of these organs. With an RNA-sequencing approach, we examined chemoreceptors' expression in the female codling moth abdomen tip, sampling tissues from mated and unmated females and pupae. We report 37 ORs, 22 GRs, and 18 IRs expressed in our transcriptome showing overlap with receptors expressed in adult antennae as well as non-antennal candidate receptors. A quantitative PCR approach was also taken to assess the effect of mating on OR expression in adult female moths, revealing a few genes to be upregulated or downregulating after mating. These results provide a better understanding of the chemosensory role of codling moth female abdomen tip organs in female-specific behaviors. Future research will determine the function of specific receptors to augment current semiochemical-based strategies for codling moth management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Populations of the large fruit-tree tortrix Archips podana consist of a mixture of four morphs that differ in male genitalia traits, ecology and sexual behaviour. Here, I tested whether these morphs differently respond to pollution. I found that the within-population diversity of A. podana around the industrial city of Lipetsk in central Russia correlated neither with the distance to the nearest industrial polluter nor with the number of moths captured by pheromone traps. Thus, the four phenotypes of A. podana similarly respond to pollution. Morphological polymorphism offers rich opportunities for studying the eco-evolutionary mechanisms that drive the adaptations of local populations to heterogeneous and changing environments. In this study, I explore the association between pollution load, abundance of large fruit-tree tortrix Archips podana and its within-species diversity (expressed in the presence of apical and/or lateral prongs on the phallus in male genitalia) across 26 study sites located 0.5 to 31 km from the industrial city of Lipetsk in central Russia. The Shannon diversity index, calculated from the frequencies of four morphs, correlated neither with the distance to the nearest industrial polluter (a proxy of pollution load) nor with the number of moths captured by pheromone traps (a measure of population abundance). The statistical power of the correlation analysis was sufficient (67%) to detect a medium effect (i.e., Pearson correlation coefficient with an absolute value of 0.40), if it existed. I conclude that the four phenotypes of A. podana do not differ in tolerance to industrial pollution and similarly respond to pollution-induced environmental disturbance. This is the first study of industrial pollution impacts on within-species diversity of insects expressed in the discrete traits of their male genitalia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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New data on 36 species of leafrollers (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) collected during field trips in 2014–2021 in the Lower Volga Region are given. Six species are recorded as new to Volgograd Province, 5 species, to Astrakhan Province, 6 species, to Kalmykia, and 2 species, to the entire Volga Region. Images of the species recorded for the Volga Region for the first time are provided. Based on examination of the type material, the female genitalia of Cochylimorpha blandana (Eversmann, 1844) are described for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of Archips machlopis (Meyrick) (Tortricidae: Lepidoptera) for the first time on sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Burirhat, Rangpur, Bangladesh during 2021-22 is reported herein. Larva bears a brown prothoracic shield and a thin white line which delineates the reddish-brown head capsule. Moths are dark grey, 8-10 cm long, while pupa are dark brown to black with elongate cremaster. DNA barcoding with mtCOI gene confirmed it as A. machlopis. Larvae are observed attacking young leaves, and being voracious cause severe foliage damage. It folds leaf around them and feeds inside the folded leaf. Approximately 21.5% young leaves were infested. More investigations are suggested to assess the pest status, hosts, biology and other aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]