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Student's motivation towards physical education (PE) classes is a key factor for increasing physical activity (PA) levels in children. In order to increase motivation in PE, new teaching techniques are needed, such as gamification. This study examines the potential influence of gamification in PE classes on motivation-related variables such as basic psychological needs (BPNs) and positive behaviours in primary school students, considering the perceptions of students and teachers. A total of nine teachers and 506 primary students participated in this study: 250 from a gamified group and 256 from a control group. The students filled in the BPNs in the Classroom Scale in order to measure three BPNs (autonomy, competence and relatedness). In addition, the perceptions, feelings, and behaviours of the students and teachers were analysed and classified through drawings, teacher's diaries, and focus groups. An improvement in the three BPNs, namely autonomy (p < 0.001), competence (p < 0.001) and relatedness (p < 0.001), was observed for the gamified group compared to the control group. The qualitative findings showed a perceived increase in student motivation, participation, and cooperation behaviours. Students also reported values such as respect, and rejection of contempt and harassment. In short, gamification was associated with an increase in all BPNs and positive behaviours in primary school students in gamified PE classes compared to non-gamified classes.

Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1-5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes-mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods-from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a 'great divide' genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 BP, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 BP, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a 'Neolithic steppe' cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.

Background: Gamification is a novel active methodology used in Physical Education to motivate students. Purpose: This study analyzed the impact of this method on the motivation of Compulsory Secondary Education students in Spain during an 8-session Physical Education Didactic Unit. Methods: A total of 275 students participated, divided into a gamified group (n = 133) and a control group (n = 142). The participants filled out 2 questionnaires, one aimed at assessing Basic Psychological Needs (BPNs) (Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale) and the other at measuring the motivational component (The Sport Motivation Scale). Results: An interaction effect (Time x Treatment) was found, with the gamified group improving in BPNs (autonomy (F(1) 57.97, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.175); competence (F(1) 37.28, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.120); relatedness (F(1) 51.49, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.159), and intrinsic motivation (F(1) 39.65, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.127), while decreasing in amotivation (F(1) 21.42, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.073)). Conclusions: These data suggest that a gamified intervention enhances the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, increases intrinsic motivation, while decreases amotivation in secondary education students.

Abstract The KM3NeT/ARCA neutrino detector is currently under construction at 3500 m depth offshore Capo Passero, Sicily, in the Mediterranean Sea. The main science objectives are the detection of high-energy cosmic neutrinos and the discovery of their sources. Simulations were conducted for the full KM3NeT/ARCA detector, instrumenting a volume of 1 km $$^3$$ 3 , to estimate the sensitivity and discovery potential to point-like neutrino sources. This paper covers the reconstruction of track- and shower-like signatures, as well as the criteria employed for neutrino event selection. With an angular resolution below 0.1 $$^\circ $$ ∘ for tracks and under 2 $$^\circ $$ ∘ for showers, the sensitivity to point-like neutrino sources surpasses existing observed limits across the entire sky.

Abstract The measurement of the flux of muons produced in cosmic ray air showers is essential for the study of primary cosmic rays. Such measurements are important in extensive air shower detectors to assess the energy spectrum and the chemical composition of the cosmic ray flux, complementary to the information provided by fluorescence detectors. Detailed simulations of the cosmic ray air showers are carried out, using codes such as CORSIKA, to estimate the muon flux at sea level. These simulations are based on the choice of hadronic interaction models, for which improvements have been implemented in the post-LHC era. In this work, a deficit in simulations that use state-of-the-art QCD models with respect to the measurement deep underwater with the KM3NeT neutrino detectors is reported. The KM3NeT/ARCA and KM3NeT/ORCA neutrino telescopes are sensitive to TeV muons originating mostly from primary cosmic rays with energies around 10 TeV. The predictions of state-of-the-art QCD models show that the deficit with respect to the data is constant in zenith angle; no dependency on the water overburden is observed. The observed deficit at a depth of several kilometres is compatible with the deficit seen in the comparison of the simulations and measurements at sea level.

Palaeoseismological studies play a crucial role in the seismic characterization of regions with slow-moving faults. This is the case in the central Betic Cordillera, a highly populated area for which the record of prehistoric earthquakes is very limited, despite being one of the regions with the greatest seismic hazard in Spain. We present here a palaeoseismological characterization of the Galera Fault, one of the active faults accommodating deformation in the central Betic Cordillera. We excavated and analysed several trenches along the fault trace. We quantitatively correlate the results from these trenches, resulting in a surface rupture history involving seven or eight events (accounting for the epistemic uncertainties) during the last ca. 24 000 years, with recurrence intervals ranging from 1520 to 1720 years. Further analysis of this surface rupture history seems to indicate that the Galera Fault is prone to producing earthquake clusters as we recorded five events in ∼400 years (ca. 1536–1126 BCE) and only two events in the ∼3200 years that followed. Using the fault geometry and palaeoseismological data, we also carried out a seismogenic characterization of the fault. This analysis yielded a maximum expected magnitude of 6.7 ± 0.3 and a recurrence interval of 1857 years. Furthermore, we also present a geodetic rupture scenario for the maximum expected event, involving displacements of up to 0.5 m. Finally, we discuss the possible impact of the deduced palaeoearthquakes on the development of Bronze Age human settlements located in the vicinity of the fault. In addition to their intrinsic value, our results will provide the basis for future seismic-hazard assessments carried out in the central Betic Cordillera.

Abstract Background Active targeting by surface-modified nanoplatforms enables a more precise and elevated accumulation of nanoparticles within the tumor, thereby enhancing drug delivery and efficacy for a successful cancer treatment. However, surface functionalization involves complex procedures that increase costs and timelines, presenting challenges for clinical implementation. Biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs) have emerged as unique drug delivery platforms that overcome the limitations of actively targeted nanoparticles. Nevertheless, BNPs coated with unmodified cells show reduced functionalities such as specific tumor targeting, decreasing the therapeutic efficacy. Those challenges can be overcome by engineering non-patient-derived cells for BNP coating, but these are complex and cost-effective approaches that hinder their wider clinical application. Here we present an immune-driven strategy to improve nanotherapeutic delivery to tumors. Our unique perspective harnesses T-cell exhaustion and tumor immune evasion to develop a groundbreaking new class of BNPs crafted from exhausted T-cells (NExT) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients by specific culture methods without sophisticated engineering. Methods NExT were generated by coating PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticles with TNBC-derived T-cells exhausted in vitro by acute activation. Physicochemical characterization of NExT was made by dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, and preservation and orientation of immune checkpoint receptors by flow cytometry. The efficacy of chemotherapy-loaded NExT was assessed in TNBC cell lines in vitro. In vivo toxicity was made in CD1 mice. Biodistribution and therapeutic activity of NExT were determined in cell-line- and autologous patient-derived xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Results We report a cost-effective approach with a good performance that provides NExT naturally endowed with immune checkpoint receptors (PD1, LAG3, TIM3), augmenting specific tumor targeting by engaging cognate ligands, enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy, and disrupting the PD1/PDL1 axis in an immunotherapy-like way. Autologous patient-derived NExT revealed exceptional intratumor accumulation, heightened chemotherapeutic index and efficiency, and targeted the tumor stroma in a PDL1+ patient-derived xenograft model of triple-negative breast cancer. Conclusions These advantages underline the potential of autologous patient-derived NExT to revolutionize tailored adoptive cancer nanotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy, which endorses their widespread clinical application of autologous patient-derived NExT.

Abstract Background Executive functions (EFs) and episodic memory are fundamental components of cognition that deteriorate with age and are crucial for independent living. While numerous reviews have explored the effect of exercise on these components in old age, these reviews screened and analyzed selected older adult populations, or specific exercise modes, thus providing only limited answers to the fundamental question on the effect of exercise on cognition in old age. This article describes the protocol for a systematic review and multilevel meta-analytic study aiming at evaluating the effectiveness of different types of chronic exercise in improving and/or maintaining EFs and long-term episodic memory in older adults. Methods and analysis The study protocol was written in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Several databases will be searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in older adults aged ≥ 60 years providing any kind of planned, structured, and repetitive exercise interventions, and EFs and/or episodic memory measures as outcomes, published in English in peer-reviewed journals and doctoral dissertations will be included. Two independent reviewers will screen the selected articles, while a third reviewer will resolve possible conflicts. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool will be used to assess the quality of the studies. Finally, data will be extracted from the selected articles, and the formal method of combining individual data from the selected studies will be applied using a random effect multilevel meta-analysis. The data analysis will be conducted with the metafor package in R. Discussion and conclusion This review will synthesize the existing evidence and pinpoint gaps existing in the literature on the effects of exercise on EFs and episodic memory in healthy and unhealthy older adults. Findings from this meta-analysis will help to design effective exercise interventions for older adults to improve and/or maintain EFs and episodic memory. Its results will be useful for many researchers and professionals working with older adults and their families. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42022367111.

Island endemic bats are a considerable cause of conservation concerns, as islands are vulnerable ecosystems facing natural and anthropogenic threats such as growing urbanization. Here, we studied the Reunion free-tailed bat (Mormopterus francoismoutoui), an endemic species to Reunion Island that has adapted to urban settings. We investigated the evolutionary history of Mormopterus at a regional scale, as well as on Reunion Island sex-specific and seasonal patterns of genetic structure. We used an extensive spatio-temporal sampling including 1136 individuals from 18 roosts and three biological seasons (non-reproductive/winter, pregnancy/summer, and mating), with additional samples of Mormopterus species from neighbouring islands (M. jugularis from Madagascar and M. acetabulosus from Mauritius). Complementary information gathered from both microsatellite and mitochondrial markers revealed high genetic diversity but no signal of spatial genetic structure and weak evidence of female philopatry. Regional analysis suggests a single colonization event for M. francoismoutoui, dated around 175,000 years ago, and followed by in-situ diversification and the evolution of divergent ancestral lineages, which today form a large metapopulation. Population expansion was relatively ancient (55,000 years ago) and thus not linked to human colonization and the availability of human-constructed day-roost sites. Discordant structure between mitochondrial and microsatellite markers suggests the presence of yet-unknown mating sites, or the recent evolution of putative ecological adaptations. Our study illustrates the challenge of detailed genetic studies to provide critical insights to insular ecology and evolutionary history, and the importance of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in exploring in-situ diversification of an urban-dwelling bat, endemic to a small island.

The SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) forced educational institutions to move their programmes to the virtual world. Several tech-based solutions –including virtual training and tutoring, discussion forums, access to content and information, collaborative platforms, and Open Educational Resources (OER)– were implemented to address this shift and continue to be used in the post-pandemic era due to the advantages they offer, especially for hybrid and blended learning. However, the implementation of these tech-based solutions also revealed several accessibility issues that need to be addressed to fully leverage the technological benefits. This study aims to provide a framework to facilitate the adoption of good practices related to technological accessibility in virtual Higher Education. The implementation of the framework is divided into four basic actions, each of which should be tailored to the constraints and needs for improving accessibility in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The framework's instantiation in four HEIs serves as a proof-of-concept in real-world scenarios. The preliminary results suggest that the proposal is promising, as it was adaptable to the specific needs of each HEI fostering accessibility and inclusion through technological alternatives that align with their organisational structures and current levels of attention to accessibility.

Recensión realizada por Joan Emili Aura Tortosa a la publicación: The Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers of South-Eastern Europe de la que son editores Aitor Ruiz-Redondo, A. y Wilian Davies.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención para incorporar actividades grupales y comunitarias de forma sostenida en todas las Zonas Básicas de Salud (ZBS) de un área de salud. Diseño: Durante enero y febrero de 2019 dos miembros del equipo investigador se desplazaron a cada ZBS para entrevistarse con los coordinadores médicos y de enfermería que habían recibido previamente por correo electrónico un cuestionario de evaluación inicial (QAI) elaborado ad hoc. Sitio: El ámbito son las 11 ZBS de un área de salud. Participantes: La población de estudio son las ZBS y los respectivos equipos representados por las coordinaciones médicas y de enfermería. Intervenciones: Impulsar una comisión de salud comunitaria, realizar acciones formativas, registro de actividades en historia clínica e incorporar objetivos de gestión. Mediciones principales: Se realizó análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo pre y post tras el primer año de intervención. Resultados: En la evaluación pre: 6 equipos de atención primaria (EAP) refirieron tener actividades grupales, 4 estaban participando en proyectos de acción local, 4 tenían un profesional referente de las actividades comunitarias, 3 participaban en proyectos con población en situación de vulnerabilidad y 4 manifestaron tener reuniones específicas sobre salud comunitaria. Tras la intervención: 11 EAP tenían actividades grupales, 8 un profesional referente, 6 estaban participando en proyectos de acción local, 4 colaboraban en proyectos con población vulnerable y 5 mantenían reuniones sobre salud comunitaria. Conclusiones: La intervención se mostró efectiva tras su primer año de implementación, ya que todos los EAP realizaban actividades grupales y colaboraban con los ayuntamientos de la zona; la mayoría tenían profesionales referentes en atención comunitaria y, en menor medida, se incrementó la participación en proyectos de acción local y en población en situación de vulnerabilidad. Abstract: Aim: Evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention to incorporate group and community activities on a sustained basis in all the Basic Health Zones (ZBS) of a health area. Design: During January and February 2019, two members of the research team traveled to each ZBS to interview the medical and nursing coordinators who had previously received an ad hoc initial assessment questionnaire (QAI) by email. Place: The scope is the 11 ZBS of a health area. Participants: The study population is the ZBS and the respective teams represented by the medical and nursing coordinations. Interventions: Promote a community health commission, carry out training actions, record activities in clinical history and incorporate management objectives. Main measurements: Quantitative and qualitative analysis was carried out pre and post after the first year of intervention. Results: In the pre-evaluation: 6 primary care teams (EAP) reported having group activities, 4 were participating in local action projects, 4 had a professional referent for community activities, 3 participated in projects with populations in vulnerable situations and 4 stated have specific meetings on community health. After the intervention: 11 EAPs had group activities, 8 had a reference professional, 6 were participating in local action projects, 4 collaborated in projects with vulnerable populations and 5 held meetings on community health. Conclusions: The intervention proved effective after its first year of implementation, since all the EAPs carried out group activities and collaborated with the local councils in the area; the majority had leading professionals in community care and, to a lesser extent, participation in local action projects and in vulnerable populations increased.

Abstract Background Pathogenic heterozygous mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN) are a key cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), leading to significantly reduced biofluid concentrations of the progranulin protein (PGRN). This has led to a number of ongoing therapeutic trials aiming to treat this form of FTD by increasing PGRN levels in mutation carriers. However, we currently lack a complete understanding of factors that affect PGRN levels and potential variation in measurement methods. Here, we aimed to address this gap in knowledge by systematically reviewing published literature on biofluid PGRN concentrations. Methods Published data including biofluid PGRN concentration, age, sex, diagnosis and GRN mutation were collected for 7071 individuals from 75 publications. The majority of analyses (72%) had focused on plasma PGRN concentrations, with many of these (56%) measured with a single assay type (Adipogen) and so the influence of mutation type, age at onset, sex, and diagnosis were investigated in this subset of the data. Results We established a plasma PGRN concentration cut-off between pathogenic mutation carriers and non-carriers of 74.8 ng/mL using the Adipogen assay based on 3301 individuals, with a CSF concentration cut-off of 3.43 ng/mL. Plasma PGRN concentration varied by GRN mutation type as well as by clinical diagnosis in those without a GRN mutation. Plasma PGRN concentration was significantly higher in women than men in GRN mutation carriers (p = 0.007) with a trend in non-carriers (p = 0.062), and there was a significant but weak positive correlation with age in both GRN mutation carriers and non-carriers. No significant association was seen with weight or with TMEM106B rs1990622 genotype. However, higher plasma PGRN levels were seen in those with the GRN rs5848 CC genotype in both GRN mutation carriers and non-carriers. Conclusions These results further support the usefulness of PGRN concentration for the identification of the large majority of pathogenic mutations in the GRN gene. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance of considering additional factors, such as mutation type, sex and age when interpreting PGRN concentrations. This will be particularly important as we enter the era of trials for progranulin-associated FTD.

Creating accessible websites is essential to ensure the inclusion of users with disabilities, as defined in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). In many countries, compliance with these guidelines is often legally mandated. Consequently, it is crucial to integrate accessibility considerations into Web development projects from the beginning. Unfortunately, accessibility requirements are often addressed only after the website is completed. To ensure compliance, it is proposed to incorporate accessibility requirements into system specifications and models. A Unified Modeling Language (UML) profile, called WebPageAcc, is introduced to streamline this process, allowing developers to incorporate accessibility requirements without extensive knowledge of accessibility standards. This profile provides stereotypes, data types, tagged values, and restrictions necessary to meet accessibility requirements. This study uses a four-stage method to create, apply, and validate the profile. Initially, an analysis of the WCAG 2.2 criteria is performed to define stereotypes, attributes and limitations aligned with the success criteria. Subsequently, the WebPageAcc profile is developed in Eclipse Papyrus, considering the identified elements. The third stage is to apply the profile to create a UML class diagram model of a real web page. Validation occurs in the final stage by executing Object Constraint Language (OCL) rules associated with attributes defined by the profile. Furthermore, an experiment is carried out to evaluate the usability difficulty of the profile among software developers. This multifaceted approach aims to improve the integration of accessibility into website development, ensuring inclusivity for a diverse user base while simplifying the implementation process for developers.

Los macroútiles han sido habitualmente marginados de los estudios, debido al peso que ha tenido la industria lítica tallada para la observación de los cambios y continuidades cronológicos y culturales. Sin embargo, estos elementos aparecen en yacimientos arqueológicos asociados a diferentes contextos geográficos y cronológicos, lo cual les confiere un valor como marcadores de la adaptación y de la evolución técnica desarrollada por los grupos humanos. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis detallado de un objeto procedente del yacimiento de Hort de Cortés-Volcán del Faro (València), asociado a niveles gravetienses. La singularidad de su morfología, de la materia prima y la presencia de huellas de uso apreciables a nivel macroscópico motivaron la aplicación de diferentes metodologías de estudio sobre la pieza para su comprensión. El análisis de las huellas de uso apunta a que esta roca carbonatada fue utilizada en actividades asociadas con el tratamiento de la piel. La diferenciación de dos grupos de huellas de uso ha determinado la distinción de dos tareas desarrolladas con el objeto. La presencia de residuos que se pueden correlacionar con el uso de la pieza se ha evaluado aplicando una aproximación multianalítica y no destructiva. Además, se han aplicado técnicas de espectroscopía atómica y molecular junto con estadística multivariante, con el objetivo de identificar la potencial fuente de materia prima. El interés de este estudio reside en la combinación de aproximaciones para el estudio de un macroútil. Todo ello ha permitido ampliar la limitada información que se tiene sobre este tipo de materiales, y abrir el debate sobre el conocimiento del nivel tecnológico alcanzado por los grupos humanos.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between humanization, adaptability to change, and mental health in European teachers (Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian teachers), as well as the relationship between humanization and mental health in teachers through the analysis of the mediating role of adaptability to change. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with teachers from three European countries (Spain, n = 263; Portugal, n = 344; and Italy, n = 287). The Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Adaptation to Change Questionnaire (ADAPTA-10) were administered. Results: In all three countries, negative associations were observed between humanization and the presence of problematic symptoms. With respect to the adaptability to change factors, humanization showed negative associations with the emotional factor and positive associations with the cognitive-behavioral factor. Comparative mean analysis revealed differences in humanization, the emotional factor of adaptability to change, and the presence of problematic symptoms. Finally, the mediation models showed the absence of a direct effect in the relationship between humanization and the presence of GHQ-28 symptomatology when it was mediated by the emotional factor (Spanish and Portuguese sample). In the Italian sample, the direct effect of humanization-GHQ-28 symptomatology was significant, with a smaller proportion of the indirect effect of the emotional factor acting as a mediator. On the other hand, when considering the cognitive-behavioral factor as a mediator, the same result was obtained for all three countries: a negative direct effect between humanization and GHQ-28 symptomatology, with no mediation by the cognitive-behavioral factor. Conclusions: The need to improve training in humanization competencies lies in the potential protective function that these competencies can have on the mental health of teachers.

This paper deals with the study of construction and geometry, as well as with the analysis of deformations and active degradations of the natatio belonging to the Western Baths in La Alcudia archaeological site. Its location in Elche-Alicante, Spain (Colonia Iulia Ilici Augusta), is widely known for the discovery of The Lady of Elche in 1897. The dimensions of this natatio in the frigidarium are 6.60 x 9.30 m (22 x 31 Roman feet) and 1.50 m deep, making it one of the largest Roman swimming pools documented to date on the Iberian Peninsula. The natatio has several cracks sealed with materials used in earlier interventions at the end of the third century. Its comparison with the hypothetical original form allowed the researchers to quantify the current deformations. A damage evolution study has been made comparing the 2016 point cloud with the 2022 cloud, both obtained by light detection and ranging (LIDAR). There is evidence that an active process of degradation and deformation is gradually increasing damage to the pool. By studying the geometry and constructive systems of the natatio, relevant data to understand the historical evolution of the Western Baths have been provided. A results analysis conclusion is that the pool was built in two different stages. The eastern half corresponds to the original natatio, while the western half was extended or rebuilt after having collapsed. The early abandonment of the use of the natatio was most likely due to deformations caused by differential settlement; this occurred when the western half was cemented on landfill between the ancient wall and that of the last third of the 1st century AD.

Small terrestrial mammals are major hosts of infectious agents responsible for zoonotic diseases. Astroviruses (AstVs)-the cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis mainly affecting young children-have been detected in a wide array of mammalian and avian host species. However, understanding the factors that influence AstV infection within and across hosts is limited. Here, we investigated the impact of land use changes on AstVs in terrestrial small mammals in rural northeastern Madagascar. We sampled 515 small mammals, representing seven endemic and four introduced species. Twenty-two positive samples were identified, all but one of which were found in the introduced species Mus musculus and Rattus rattus (family Muridae), with a positivity rate of 7.7% (6/78) and 5.6% (15/266), respectively. The non-introduced rodent case was from an endemic shrew-tenrec (family Tenrecidae). We found the highest positivity rate of AstVs infection in brushy regrowth (17.5%, 7/40) as compared to flooded rice fields (4.60%, 8/174), secondary forest (4.1%, 3/74), agroforest (3.6%, 1/28), village (2.61%, 3/115), and semi-intact forest (0%, 0/84). A phylogenetic analysis revealed an association between AstVs and their rodent host species. None of the viruses were phylogenetically related to AstVs previously described in Malagasy bats. This study supports AstV circulation in synanthropic animals in agricultural habitats of Madagascar and highlights the need to assess the spillover risk to human populations in rural areas.

This work provides new data on the church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción in Biar, combining the investigation of documentary sources with the analysis of the geometry obtained using LiDAR technology and the study of stone materials. This monument has a Proto-Renaissance façade of great architectural value, as it was the first building in the province of Alicante, in Spain, to use Renaissance decorations at the beginning of the 16th century. Its main façade reflects the four centuries of its construction from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The building has been digitised using LiDAR technology and photogrammetry. The graphic representation of the point cloud obtained from the aforementioned techniques makes it possible to study deformations in colour gradient with respect to a reference plane. The results obtained after the analysis of these data show that the method used in this work has served to detect and corroborate the constructive evolutions of the church obtained from the documentary sources investigated. This work serves as an example for similar works, proposing the incorporation of the analysis of anomalies in the geometry of the facings as a new variable that should be considered to complement the rest of the usual studies, bringing to light deformations and irregularities that at first sight may go unnoticed.