Author: "Torruella, G." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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34 results on '"Torruella, G."'

1. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author: Hyde, K.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P.D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A.M., Akulov, O.Y., Aleoshin, V.V., Al-Sadi, A.M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T.B., Anderson, J., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C.C.S., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D.M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A.H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D.F., Baral, H.O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F., Barbosa, R.N., Barreto, R.W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D.B., Bennett Reuel, M., Bera, I., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Bianchinotti, M.V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M.E.S., Caeiro, M.F., Cai, L., Cai, M.F., Calabon, M.S., Calaça, F.J.S., Callalli, M., Camara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J.R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M.D.V., Cavalcanti, L.H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M.L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W.H., Chen, Y.P., Chethana, K.W.T., Coleine, C., Condé, T.O., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D.H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J.A., Crous, P.W., Cui, B.K., Cui, Y.Y., da Silva, D.K.A., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, I.R., da Silva, R.M.F., da Silva Santos, A.C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Daroodi, Z., Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E.A., Dayarathne, M.C., Decock, C., de Groot, M.D., De Kesel, A., dela Cruz, T.E.E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C.M., Denchev, T.T., de Oliveira, N.T., de Silva, N.I., de Souza, F.A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J.C., Dima, B., Diniz, A.G., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doğan, H.H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z.Y., Dos Santos, L.A., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Du, T.Y., Dubey, M.K., Dutta, A.K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T.F., Elshahed, M.S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H.C., Fan, X.L., Fan, Y.G., Fedosova, A.G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A.L., Fiuza, P.O., Flakus, A., Fragoso de Souza, C.A., Frisvad, J.C., Fryar, S.C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A.J., Galindo, L.J., Gannibal, P.B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S.R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A.K., Ge, Z.W., Gené, D.J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., T.b., Gibertoni, Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Gorjón, S.P., Goto, B.T., Granados-Montero, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H.P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L.F.P., Gutierrez, A.C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y.F., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Harder, C.B., Harrington, T.C., Hattori, T., He, M.Q., He, S., He, S.H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K.T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S.K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Hustad, V.P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jayalal, R.G.U., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G.H., Jesus, A.L., Jin, J., Johnston, P.R., Jones, E.B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G.P., Kang, J.C., Karimi, O., Karpov, S.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P.M., Kitaura, M.J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K.H., Latha, K.P.D., Lee, H.B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D.L., Lestari, A.S., Li, C.J.Y., Li, D.W., Li, H., Li, H.Y., Li, L., Li, Q.R., Li, W.L., Li, Y., Li, Y.C., Liao, C.F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y.W., Lin, C.G., Linaldeddu, B.T., Linde, C.C., Linn, M.M., Liu, F., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Liu, S., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.F., Liu, X.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.B., Lu, L., Lu, Y.Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z.L., Ma, J., Machado, A.R., Madagammana, A.D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D.S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D.S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, Tom W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R.F.R., Mendes, A.R.L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q.F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N Jr., Mešić, A., Meza Calvo, J.G., Mikhailov, K.V., Miller, S.L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J.M., Monteiro, J.S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H.M., Moreau, P.A., Mueller, G.M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L.G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C.M., Nascimento, C.C., Nei, Y., Neves, M.A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A.G.T., Nilsson, R.H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M.T., Noordeloos, M.E., Norphanphoun, C., Nuñez Otaño, N.B., O’Donnell, R.P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, F.P., Pang, K.L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Perera, R.H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A.J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C.L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C.A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K.N.A., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Rämä, Teppo, Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A.R., Raza, M., Ren, G.C., Robledo, G.L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L.R., Salvador-Montoya, C.A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Santamaria, B., Santos, A.C.S., Sarma, V.V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R.K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, Laura, Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I.C., Seto, K., Shabashova, T.G., Shen, H.W., Shen, Y.M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Simmons, D.R., Singh, R., Sir, E.B., Song, C.G., Souza-Motta C.M. Sruthi, O.P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A.M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S.L., Strassert, J.F.H., Su, H.L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y.F., Sun, Y.R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T.H., Tanaka, Kazuaki, Tang, A.M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J.B., Tavakol, N.M., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D.S., Thamodini, G.K., Thines, Marco, Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P.V., Tian, Q., Tian, W.H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, Dhanushka, Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W.A., Uzunov, B.A., Valle, L.G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R.K., Vieira, L.C., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A.K., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, C.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D.P., Wei, X.L., White, J.F., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wijesinghe, S.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F.R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H.X., Wu, N., Wu, W.P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y.P., Xiong, Y.R., Xu, L.J., Xu, R., Xu, R.F., Xu, R.J., Xu, T.M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J.Y., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, Z.L., Yang, Y.H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N.H., Yu, F.M., Yu, Q., Yu, X.D., Yu, Y.X., Yu, Z.F., Yuan, H.S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, Andrey, Zafari, D., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zeng, M., Zeng, N.K., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, S.N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhao, C.L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L., Zhou, L.W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M.P., Zin, H.H., Zucconi, L., Hyde, K.D., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P.D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A.M., Akulov, O.Y., Aleoshin, V.V., Al-Sadi, A.M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T.B., Anderson, J., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C.C.S., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D.M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A.H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D.F., Baral, H.O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F., Barbosa, R.N., Barreto, R.W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D.B., Bennett Reuel, M., Bera, I., Bezerra, J.D.P., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Bianchinotti, M.V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M.E.S., Caeiro, M.F., Cai, L., Cai, M.F., Calabon, M.S., Calaça, F.J.S., Callalli, M., Camara, M.P.S., Cano-Lira, J.F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J.R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M.D.V., Cavalcanti, L.H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M.L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W.H., Chen, Y.P., Chethana, K.W.T., Coleine, C., Condé, T.O., Corazon-Guivin, M.A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D.H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J.A., Crous, P.W., Cui, B.K., Cui, Y.Y., da Silva, D.K.A., da Silva, G.A., da Silva, I.R., da Silva, R.M.F., da Silva Santos, A.C., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Daroodi, Z., Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E.A., Dayarathne, M.C., Decock, C., de Groot, M.D., De Kesel, A., dela Cruz, T.E.E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C.M., Denchev, T.T., de Oliveira, N.T., de Silva, N.I., de Souza, F.A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J.C., Dima, B., Diniz, A.G., Dissanayake, A.J., Dissanayake, L.S., Doğan, H.H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z.Y., Dos Santos, L.A., Drechsler-Santos, E.R., Du, T.Y., Dubey, M.K., Dutta, A.K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T.F., Elshahed, M.S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H.C., Fan, X.L., Fan, Y.G., Fedosova, A.G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A.L., Fiuza, P.O., Flakus, A., Fragoso de Souza, C.A., Frisvad, J.C., Fryar, S.C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A.J., Galindo, L.J., Gannibal, P.B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S.R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A.K., Ge, Z.W., Gené, D.J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., T.b., Gibertoni, Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., Gomes de Farias, A.R., Gorjón, S.P., Goto, B.T., Granados-Montero, M.M., Griffith, G.W., Groenewald, J.Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H.P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L.F.P., Gutierrez, A.C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y.F., Hapuarachchi, K.K., Harder, C.B., Harrington, T.C., Hattori, T., He, M.Q., He, S., He, S.H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K.T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S.K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Hustad, V.P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jayalal, R.G.U., Jayasiri, S.C., Jayawardena, R.S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G.H., Jesus, A.L., Jin, J., Johnston, P.R., Jones, E.B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G.P., Kang, J.C., Karimi, O., Karpov, S.A., Karunarathna, S.C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P.M., Kitaura, M.J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K.H., Latha, K.P.D., Lee, H.B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D.L., Lestari, A.S., Li, C.J.Y., Li, D.W., Li, H., Li, H.Y., Li, L., Li, Q.R., Li, W.L., Li, Y., Li, Y.C., Liao, C.F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y.W., Lin, C.G., Linaldeddu, B.T., Linde, C.C., Linn, M.M., Liu, F., Liu, J.K., Liu, N.G., Liu, S., Liu, S.L., Liu, X.F., Liu, X.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liu, Z.B., Lu, L., Lu, Y.Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z.L., Ma, J., Machado, A.R., Madagammana, A.D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D.S., Manawasinghe, I.S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D.S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, Tom W., McKenzie, E.H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R.F.R., Mendes, A.R.L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q.F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N Jr., Mešić, A., Meza Calvo, J.G., Mikhailov, K.V., Miller, S.L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J.M., Monteiro, J.S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H.M., Moreau, P.A., Mueller, G.M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L.G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C.M., Nascimento, C.C., Nei, Y., Neves, M.A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A.G.T., Nilsson, R.H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M.T., Noordeloos, M.E., Norphanphoun, C., Nuñez Otaño, N.B., O’Donnell, R.P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, F.P., Pang, K.L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Perera, R.H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A.J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C.L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C.A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K.N.A., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Rämä, Teppo, Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A.R., Raza, M., Ren, G.C., Robledo, G.L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L.R., Salvador-Montoya, C.A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B.C., Samarakoon, M.C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santiago, A.L.C.M.A., Santamaria, B., Santos, A.C.S., Sarma, V.V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R.K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, Laura, Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I.C., Seto, K., Shabashova, T.G., Shen, H.W., Shen, Y.M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Simmons, D.R., Singh, R., Sir, E.B., Song, C.G., Souza-Motta C.M. Sruthi, O.P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A.M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S.L., Strassert, J.F.H., Su, H.L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y.F., Sun, Y.R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T.H., Tanaka, Kazuaki, Tang, A.M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J.B., Tavakol, N.M., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D.S., Thamodini, G.K., Thines, Marco, Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P.V., Tian, Q., Tian, W.H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, Dhanushka, Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W.A., Uzunov, B.A., Valle, L.G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R.K., Vieira, L.C., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A.K., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, C.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.X., Wang, X.Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D.P., Wei, X.L., White, J.F., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wijesinghe, S.N., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F.R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H.X., Wu, N., Wu, W.P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y.P., Xiong, Y.R., Xu, L.J., Xu, R., Xu, R.F., Xu, R.J., Xu, T.M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J.Y., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yang, Z.L., Yang, Y.H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N.H., Yu, F.M., Yu, Q., Yu, X.D., Yu, Y.X., Yu, Z.F., Yuan, H.S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, Andrey, Zafari, D., Zamora, Juan Carlos, Zare, Rasoul, Zeng, M., Zeng, N.K., Zeng, X.Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, J.Y., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, S.N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y.X., Zhao, C.L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R.L., Zhou, L.W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M.P., Zin, H.H., and Zucconi, L.
Abstract: The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based
Published: 2023

2. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author: Hyde, KD, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abeywickrama, PD, Absalan, S, Afshari, N, Ainsworth, AM, Akulov, OY, Aleoshin, VV, Al-Sadi, AM, Alvarado, P, Alves, A, Alves-Silva, G, Amalfi, M, Amira, Y, Amuhenage, TB, Anderson, J, Antonín, V, Aouali, S, Aptroot, A, Apurillo, CCS, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Armand, A, Arumugam, E, Asghari, R, Assis, DMA, Atienza, V, Avasthi, S, Azevedo, E, Bahkali, AH, Bakhshi, M, Banihashemi, Z, Bao, DF, Baral, HO, Barata, M, Barbosa, F, Barbosa, RN, Barreto, RW, Baschien, C, Belamesiatseva, DB, Bennett Reuel, M, Bera, I, Bezerra, JDP, Bezerra, JL, Bhat, DJ, Bhunjun, CS, Bianchinotti, MV, Błaszkowski, J, Blondelle, A, Boekhout, T, Bonito, G, Boonmee, S, Boonyuen, N, Bregant, C, Buchanan, P, Bundhun, D, Burgaud, G, Burgess, T, Buyck, B, Cabarroi-Hernández, M, Cáceres, MES, Caeiro, MF, Cai, L, Cai, MF, Calabon, MS, Calaça, FJS, Callalli, M, Cano-Lira, JF, Cantillo, T, Cao, B, Carlavilla, JR, Carvalho, A, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Castlebury, L, Castro-Jauregui, O, Catania, MDV, Cavalcanti, LH, Cazabonne, J, Cedeño-Sanchez, ML, Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S, Chaiwan, N, Chakraborty, N, Chaverri, P, Cheewangkoon, R, Chen, C, Chen, CY, Chen, KH, Chen, J, Chen, Q, Chen, WH, Chen, YP, Chethana, KWT, Coleine, C, Condé, TO, Corazon-Guivin, MA, Cortés-Pérez, A, Costa-Rezende, DH, Courtecuisse, R, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Cui, BK, Cui, YY, da Silva, DKA, da Silva, GA, da Silva, IR, da Silva, RMF, da Silva Santos, AC, Dai, DQ, Dai, YC, Damm, U, Darmostuk, V, Daroodi, Zoha, Das, K, Davoodian, N, Davydov, EA, Dayarathne, MC, Decock, C, de Groot, MD, De Kesel, A, dela Cruz, TEE, De Lange, R, Delgado, G, Denchev, CM, Denchev, TT, de Oliveira, NT, de Silva, NI, de Souza, FA, Dentinger, B, Devadatha, B, Dianese, JC, Dima, B, Diniz, AG, Dissanayake, AJ, Dissanayake, LS, Doğan, HH, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Dong, W, Dong, ZY, Dos Santos, LA, Drechsler-Santos, ER, Du, TY, Dubey, MK, Dutta, AK, Egidi, E, Elliott, TF, Elshahed, MS, Erdoğdu, M, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Evans, HC, Fan, XL, Fan, YG, Fedosova, AG, Fell, J, Fernandes, I, Firmino, AL, Fiuza, PO, Flakus, A, Fragoso de Souza, CA, Frisvad, JC, Fryar, SC, Gabaldón, T, Gajanayake, AJ, Galindo, LJ, Gannibal, PB, García, D, García-Sandoval, SR, Garrido-Benavent, I, Garzoli, L, Gautam, AK, Ge, ZW, Gené, DJ, Gentekaki, E, Ghobad-Nejhad, M, Giachini, AJ, Gibertoni, TB, Góes-Neto, A, Gomdola, D, Gomes de Farias, AR, Gorjón, SP, Goto, BT, Granados-Montero, MM, Griffith, GW, Groenewald, JZ, Groenewald, M, Grossart, HP, Gueidan, C, Gunarathne, A, Gunaseelan, S, Gusmão, LFP, Gutierrez, AC, Guzmán-Dávalos, L, Haelewaters, D, Halling, R, Han, YF, Hapuarachchi, KK, Harder, CB, Harrington, TC, Hattori, T, He, MQ, He, S, He, SH, Healy, R, Herández-Restrepo, M, Heredia, G, Hodge, KT, Holgado-Rojas, M, Hongsanan, S, Horak, E, Hosoya, T, Houbraken, J, Huang, SK, Huanraluek, N, Hur, JS, Hurdeal, VG, Hustad, VP, Iotti, M, Iturriaga, T, Jafar, E, Janik, P, Jayalal, RGU, Jayasiri, SC, Jayawardena, RS, Jeewon, R, Jerônimo, GH, Jesus, AL, Jin, J, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Joshi, Y, Justo, A, Kaishian, P, Kakishima, M, Kaliyaperumal, M, Kang, GP, Kang, JC, Karimi, O, Karpov, SA, Karunarathna, SC, Kaufmann, M, Kemler, M, Kezo, K, Khyaju, S, Kirchmair, M, Kirk, PM, Kitaura, MJ, Klawonn, I, Kolarik, M, Kong, A, Kuhar, F, Kukwa, M, Kumar, S, Kušan, I, Lado, C, Larsson, KH, Latha, KPD, Lee, HB, Leonardi, M, Leontyev, DL, Lestari, AS, Li, CJY, Li, DW, Li, H, Li, HY, Li, L, Li, QR, Li, WL, Li, Y, Li, YC, Liao, CF, Liimatainen, K, Lim, YW, Lin, CG, Linaldeddu, BT, Linde, CC, Linn, MM, Liu, F, Liu, JK, Liu, NG, Liu, S, Liu, SL, Liu, XF, Liu, XY, Liu, XZ, Liu, ZB, Lu, L, Lu, YZ, Luangharn, T, Luangsaard, JJ, Lumbsch, HT, Lumyong, S, Luo, L, Luo, M, Luo, ZL, Ma, J, Machado, AR, Madagammana, AD, Madrid, H, Magurno, F, Magyar, D, Mahadevan, N, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Maimaiti, Y, Malosso, E, Manamgoda, DS, Manawasinghe, IS, Mapook, A, Marasinghe, DS, Mardones, M, Marin-Felix, Y, Márquez, R, Masigol, H, Matočec, N, May, T, McKenzie, EHC, Meiras-Ottoni, A, Melo, RFR, Mendes, ARL, Mendieta, S, Meng, QF, Menkis, A, Menolli Jr, N, Mešić, A, Meza Calvo, JG, Mikhailov, KV, Miller, SL, Moncada, B, Moncalvo, JM, Monteiro, JS, Monteiro, M, Mora-Montes, HM, Moreau, PA, Mueller, GM, Mukhopadyay, S, Murugadoss, R, Nagy, LG, Najafiniya, M, Nanayakkara, CM, Nascimento, CC, Nei, Y, Neves, MA, Neuhauser, S, Niego, AGT, Nilsson, RH, Niskanen, T, Niveiro, N, Noorabadi, MT, Noordeloos, (Machiel E.), Norphanphoun, C, Nuñez Otaño, NB, O’Donnell, RP, Oehl, F, Olariaga, I, Orlando, FP, Pang, KL, Papp, V, Pawłowska, J, Peintner, U, Pem, D, Pereira, OL, Perera, RH, Perez-Moreno, J, Perez-Ortega, S, Péter, G, Phillips, AJL, Phonemany, M, Phukhamsakda, C, Phutthacharoen, K, Piepenbring, M, Pires-Zottarelli, CLA, Poinar, G, Pošta, A, Prieto, M, Promputtha, I, Quandt, CA, Radek, R, Rahnama, K, Raj, KNA, Rajeshkumar, KC, Rämä, T, Rambold, G, Ramírez-Cruz, V, Rasconi, S, Rathnayaka, AR, Raza, M, Ren, GC, Robledo, GL, Rodriguez-Flakus, P, Ronikier, A, Rossi, W, Ryberg, M, Ryvarden, LR, Salvador‑Montoya, CA, Samant, B, Samarakoon, BC, Samarakoon, MC, Sánchez-Castro, I, Sánchez-García, M, Sandoval-Denis, M, Santiago, ALCMA, Santamaria, B, Santos, ACS, Sarma, VV, Savchenko, A, Savchenko, K, Saxena, RK, Scholler, M, Schoutteten, N, Seifollahi, E, Selbmann, L, Selcuk, F, Senanayake, IC, Shabashova, TG, Shen, HW, Shen, YM, SilvaFilho, AGS, Simmons, DR, Singh, R, Sir, EB, Song, Chang-Ge, Souza-Motta, CM, Sruthi, OP, Stadler, M, Stchigel, AM, Stemler, J, Stephenson, SL, Strassert, JFH, Su, HL, Su, L, Suetrong, S, Sulistyo, B, Sun, YF, Sun, YR, Svantesson, Sten, Sysouphanthong, P, Takamatsu, S, Tan, TH, Tanaka, K, Tang, AMC, Tang, X, Tanney, JB, Tavakol, NM, Taylor, JE, Taylor, PWJ, Tedersoo, L, Tennakoon, DS, Thamodini, GK, Thines, M, Thiyagaraja, V, Thongklang, N, Tiago, PV, Tian, Q, Tian, WH, Tibell, L, Tibell, S, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tomšovský, M, Toome-Heller, M, Torruella, G, Tsurykau, A, Udayanga, D, Ulukapi, M, Untereiner, WA, Uzunov, BA, Valle, LG, Van Caenegem, W, Van den Wyngaert, S, Van Vooren, N, Velez, P, Verma, RK, Vieira, LC, Vieira, WAS, Vizzini, A, Walker, A, Walker, AK, Wanasinghe, DN, Wang, CG, Wang, K, Wang, SX, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wannasawang, N, Wartchow, F, Wei, DP, Wei, XL, White, JF, Wijayawardene, NN, Wijesinghe, SN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wisitrassameewong, K, Worthy, FR, Wu, F, Wu, G, Wu, HX, Wu, N, Wu, WP, Wurzbacher, C, Xiao, YP, Xiong, YR, Xu, LJ, Xu, R, Xu, RF, Xu, RJ, Xu, TM, Yakovchenko, L, Yan, JY, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, ZL, Yang, YH, Yapa, N, Yasanthika, E, Youssef, NH, Yu, FM, Yu, Q, Yu, YX, Yu, ZF, Yuan, HS, Yuan, Y, Yurkov, A, Zafari, D, Zamora, JC, Zare, R, Zeng, M, Zeng, NK, Zeng, XY, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, JF, Zhang, JY, Zhang, QY, Zhang, SN, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YX, Zhao, CL, Zhao, H, Zhao, Q, Zhao, RL, Zhou, LW, Zhou, M, Zhurbenko, MP, Zin, HH, Zucconi, L, Hyde, KD, Abdel-Wahab, MA, Abdollahzadeh, J, Abeywickrama, PD, Absalan, S, Afshari, N, Ainsworth, AM, Akulov, OY, Aleoshin, VV, Al-Sadi, AM, Alvarado, P, Alves, A, Alves-Silva, G, Amalfi, M, Amira, Y, Amuhenage, TB, Anderson, J, Antonín, V, Aouali, S, Aptroot, A, Apurillo, CCS, Araújo, JPM, Ariyawansa, HA, Armand, A, Arumugam, E, Asghari, R, Assis, DMA, Atienza, V, Avasthi, S, Azevedo, E, Bahkali, AH, Bakhshi, M, Banihashemi, Z, Bao, DF, Baral, HO, Barata, M, Barbosa, F, Barbosa, RN, Barreto, RW, Baschien, C, Belamesiatseva, DB, Bennett Reuel, M, Bera, I, Bezerra, JDP, Bezerra, JL, Bhat, DJ, Bhunjun, CS, Bianchinotti, MV, Błaszkowski, J, Blondelle, A, Boekhout, T, Bonito, G, Boonmee, S, Boonyuen, N, Bregant, C, Buchanan, P, Bundhun, D, Burgaud, G, Burgess, T, Buyck, B, Cabarroi-Hernández, M, Cáceres, MES, Caeiro, MF, Cai, L, Cai, MF, Calabon, MS, Calaça, FJS, Callalli, M, Cano-Lira, JF, Cantillo, T, Cao, B, Carlavilla, JR, Carvalho, A, Castañeda-Ruiz, RF, Castlebury, L, Castro-Jauregui, O, Catania, MDV, Cavalcanti, LH, Cazabonne, J, Cedeño-Sanchez, ML, Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S, Chaiwan, N, Chakraborty, N, Chaverri, P, Cheewangkoon, R, Chen, C, Chen, CY, Chen, KH, Chen, J, Chen, Q, Chen, WH, Chen, YP, Chethana, KWT, Coleine, C, Condé, TO, Corazon-Guivin, MA, Cortés-Pérez, A, Costa-Rezende, DH, Courtecuisse, R, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Cui, BK, Cui, YY, da Silva, DKA, da Silva, GA, da Silva, IR, da Silva, RMF, da Silva Santos, AC, Dai, DQ, Dai, YC, Damm, U, Darmostuk, V, Daroodi, Zoha, Das, K, Davoodian, N, Davydov, EA, Dayarathne, MC, Decock, C, de Groot, MD, De Kesel, A, dela Cruz, TEE, De Lange, R, Delgado, G, Denchev, CM, Denchev, TT, de Oliveira, NT, de Silva, NI, de Souza, FA, Dentinger, B, Devadatha, B, Dianese, JC, Dima, B, Diniz, AG, Dissanayake, AJ, Dissanayake, LS, Doğan, HH, Doilom, M, Dolatabadi, S, Dong, W, Dong, ZY, Dos Santos, LA, Drechsler-Santos, ER, Du, TY, Dubey, MK, Dutta, AK, Egidi, E, Elliott, TF, Elshahed, MS, Erdoğdu, M, Ertz, D, Etayo, J, Evans, HC, Fan, XL, Fan, YG, Fedosova, AG, Fell, J, Fernandes, I, Firmino, AL, Fiuza, PO, Flakus, A, Fragoso de Souza, CA, Frisvad, JC, Fryar, SC, Gabaldón, T, Gajanayake, AJ, Galindo, LJ, Gannibal, PB, García, D, García-Sandoval, SR, Garrido-Benavent, I, Garzoli, L, Gautam, AK, Ge, ZW, Gené, DJ, Gentekaki, E, Ghobad-Nejhad, M, Giachini, AJ, Gibertoni, TB, Góes-Neto, A, Gomdola, D, Gomes de Farias, AR, Gorjón, SP, Goto, BT, Granados-Montero, MM, Griffith, GW, Groenewald, JZ, Groenewald, M, Grossart, HP, Gueidan, C, Gunarathne, A, Gunaseelan, S, Gusmão, LFP, Gutierrez, AC, Guzmán-Dávalos, L, Haelewaters, D, Halling, R, Han, YF, Hapuarachchi, KK, Harder, CB, Harrington, TC, Hattori, T, He, MQ, He, S, He, SH, Healy, R, Herández-Restrepo, M, Heredia, G, Hodge, KT, Holgado-Rojas, M, Hongsanan, S, Horak, E, Hosoya, T, Houbraken, J, Huang, SK, Huanraluek, N, Hur, JS, Hurdeal, VG, Hustad, VP, Iotti, M, Iturriaga, T, Jafar, E, Janik, P, Jayalal, RGU, Jayasiri, SC, Jayawardena, RS, Jeewon, R, Jerônimo, GH, Jesus, AL, Jin, J, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Joshi, Y, Justo, A, Kaishian, P, Kakishima, M, Kaliyaperumal, M, Kang, GP, Kang, JC, Karimi, O, Karpov, SA, Karunarathna, SC, Kaufmann, M, Kemler, M, Kezo, K, Khyaju, S, Kirchmair, M, Kirk, PM, Kitaura, MJ, Klawonn, I, Kolarik, M, Kong, A, Kuhar, F, Kukwa, M, Kumar, S, Kušan, I, Lado, C, Larsson, KH, Latha, KPD, Lee, HB, Leonardi, M, Leontyev, DL, Lestari, AS, Li, CJY, Li, DW, Li, H, Li, HY, Li, L, Li, QR, Li, WL, Li, Y, Li, YC, Liao, CF, Liimatainen, K, Lim, YW, Lin, CG, Linaldeddu, BT, Linde, CC, Linn, MM, Liu, F, Liu, JK, Liu, NG, Liu, S, Liu, SL, Liu, XF, Liu, XY, Liu, XZ, Liu, ZB, Lu, L, Lu, YZ, Luangharn, T, Luangsaard, JJ, Lumbsch, HT, Lumyong, S, Luo, L, Luo, M, Luo, ZL, Ma, J, Machado, AR, Madagammana, AD, Madrid, H, Magurno, F, Magyar, D, Mahadevan, N, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Maimaiti, Y, Malosso, E, Manamgoda, DS, Manawasinghe, IS, Mapook, A, Marasinghe, DS, Mardones, M, Marin-Felix, Y, Márquez, R, Masigol, H, Matočec, N, May, T, McKenzie, EHC, Meiras-Ottoni, A, Melo, RFR, Mendes, ARL, Mendieta, S, Meng, QF, Menkis, A, Menolli Jr, N, Mešić, A, Meza Calvo, JG, Mikhailov, KV, Miller, SL, Moncada, B, Moncalvo, JM, Monteiro, JS, Monteiro, M, Mora-Montes, HM, Moreau, PA, Mueller, GM, Mukhopadyay, S, Murugadoss, R, Nagy, LG, Najafiniya, M, Nanayakkara, CM, Nascimento, CC, Nei, Y, Neves, MA, Neuhauser, S, Niego, AGT, Nilsson, RH, Niskanen, T, Niveiro, N, Noorabadi, MT, Noordeloos, (Machiel E.), Norphanphoun, C, Nuñez Otaño, NB, O’Donnell, RP, Oehl, F, Olariaga, I, Orlando, FP, Pang, KL, Papp, V, Pawłowska, J, Peintner, U, Pem, D, Pereira, OL, Perera, RH, Perez-Moreno, J, Perez-Ortega, S, Péter, G, Phillips, AJL, Phonemany, M, Phukhamsakda, C, Phutthacharoen, K, Piepenbring, M, Pires-Zottarelli, CLA, Poinar, G, Pošta, A, Prieto, M, Promputtha, I, Quandt, CA, Radek, R, Rahnama, K, Raj, KNA, Rajeshkumar, KC, Rämä, T, Rambold, G, Ramírez-Cruz, V, Rasconi, S, Rathnayaka, AR, Raza, M, Ren, GC, Robledo, GL, Rodriguez-Flakus, P, Ronikier, A, Rossi, W, Ryberg, M, Ryvarden, LR, Salvador‑Montoya, CA, Samant, B, Samarakoon, BC, Samarakoon, MC, Sánchez-Castro, I, Sánchez-García, M, Sandoval-Denis, M, Santiago, ALCMA, Santamaria, B, Santos, ACS, Sarma, VV, Savchenko, A, Savchenko, K, Saxena, RK, Scholler, M, Schoutteten, N, Seifollahi, E, Selbmann, L, Selcuk, F, Senanayake, IC, Shabashova, TG, Shen, HW, Shen, YM, SilvaFilho, AGS, Simmons, DR, Singh, R, Sir, EB, Song, Chang-Ge, Souza-Motta, CM, Sruthi, OP, Stadler, M, Stchigel, AM, Stemler, J, Stephenson, SL, Strassert, JFH, Su, HL, Su, L, Suetrong, S, Sulistyo, B, Sun, YF, Sun, YR, Svantesson, Sten, Sysouphanthong, P, Takamatsu, S, Tan, TH, Tanaka, K, Tang, AMC, Tang, X, Tanney, JB, Tavakol, NM, Taylor, JE, Taylor, PWJ, Tedersoo, L, Tennakoon, DS, Thamodini, GK, Thines, M, Thiyagaraja, V, Thongklang, N, Tiago, PV, Tian, Q, Tian, WH, Tibell, L, Tibell, S, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tomšovský, M, Toome-Heller, M, Torruella, G, Tsurykau, A, Udayanga, D, Ulukapi, M, Untereiner, WA, Uzunov, BA, Valle, LG, Van Caenegem, W, Van den Wyngaert, S, Van Vooren, N, Velez, P, Verma, RK, Vieira, LC, Vieira, WAS, Vizzini, A, Walker, A, Walker, AK, Wanasinghe, DN, Wang, CG, Wang, K, Wang, SX, Wang, XY, Wang, Y, Wannasawang, N, Wartchow, F, Wei, DP, Wei, XL, White, JF, Wijayawardene, NN, Wijesinghe, SN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wisitrassameewong, K, Worthy, FR, Wu, F, Wu, G, Wu, HX, Wu, N, Wu, WP, Wurzbacher, C, Xiao, YP, Xiong, YR, Xu, LJ, Xu, R, Xu, RF, Xu, RJ, Xu, TM, Yakovchenko, L, Yan, JY, Yang, H, Yang, J, Yang, ZL, Yang, YH, Yapa, N, Yasanthika, E, Youssef, NH, Yu, FM, Yu, Q, Yu, YX, Yu, ZF, Yuan, HS, Yuan, Y, Yurkov, A, Zafari, D, Zamora, JC, Zare, R, Zeng, M, Zeng, NK, Zeng, XY, Zhang, F, Zhang, H, Zhang, JF, Zhang, JY, Zhang, QY, Zhang, SN, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, YX, Zhao, CL, Zhao, H, Zhao, Q, Zhao, RL, Zhou, LW, Zhou, M, Zhurbenko, MP, Zin, HH, and Zucconi, L
Abstract: The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based o
Published: 2023
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3. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

Author: Hyde, K. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P. D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A. M., Akulov, O. Y., Aleoshin, V. V., Al-Sadi, A. M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T. B., Anderson, J. L., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C. C. S., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D. M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A. H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D. F., Baral, H. O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F. R., Barbosa, R. N., Barreto, R. W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D. B., Reuel, M. Bennett, Bera, I., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bezerra, J. L., Bhat, D. J., Bhunjun, C. S., Bianchinotti, M. V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M. E. S., Caeiro, M. F., Cai, L., Cai, M. F., Calabon, M. S., Calaça, F. J. S., Callalli, M., Camara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J. R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M. D., Cavalcanti, L. H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M. L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W. H., Chen, Y. P., Chethana, K. W. T., Coleine, C., Condé, T. O., Corazon-Guivin, M. A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D. H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J. A., Crous, P. W., Cui, B. K., Cui, Y. Y., da Silva, D. K. A., da Silva, G. A., da Silva, I. R., da Silva, R. M. F., da Silva Santos, A. C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Zoha, Daroodi, Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E. A., Dayarathne, M. C., Decock, C., de Groot, M. D., De Kesel, A., de la Cruz, T. E. E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C. M., Denchev, T. T., de Oliveira, N. T., de Silva, N. I., de Souza, F. A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J. C., Dima, B., Diniz, A. G., Dissanayake, A. J., Dissanayake, L. S., Doğan, H. H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z. Y., Dos Santos, L. A., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Du, T. Y., Dubey, M. K., Dutta, A. K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H. C., Fan, X. L., Fan, Y. G., Fedosova, A. G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A. L., Fiuza, P. O., Flakus, A., de Souza, C. A.Fragoso, Frisvad, J. C., Fryar, S. C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A. J., Galindo, L. J., Gannibal, P. B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S. R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A. K., Ge, Z. W., Gené, D. J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A. J., Gibertoni, T. B., Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., de Farias, A. R. Gomes, Gorjón, S. P., Goto, B. T., Granados-Montero, M. M., Griffith, G. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H. P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L. F.P., Gutierrez, A. C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y. F., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Harder, C. B., Harrington, T. C., Hattori, T., He, M. Q., He, S., He, S. H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K. T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S. K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Hustad, V. P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jany, J. L., Jayalal, R. G.U., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jin, J., Johnston, P. R., Jones, E. B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G. P., Kang, J. C., Karakehian, J. M., Karimi, O., Karpov, S. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P. M., Kitaura, M. J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K. H., Latha, K. P.D., Lee, H. B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D. L., Lestari, A. S., Li, C. J.Y., Li, D. W., Li, H. Y., Li, L., Li, Q. R., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Li, Y. C., Liao, C. F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y. W., Lin, C. G., Linaldeddu, B. T., Linde, C. C., Linn, M. M., Liu, F., Liu, J. K., Liu, N. G., Liu, S., Liu, X. F., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. B., Lu, L., Lu, Y. Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z. L., Ma, J., Machado, A. R., Madagammana, A. D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D. S., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D. S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, T. W., McKenzie, E. H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R. F.R., Mendes-Alvarenga, R. L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q. F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Calvo, J. G.Meza, Mikhailov, K. V., Miller, S. L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J. M., Monteiro, J. S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H. M., Moreau, P. A., Mueller, G. M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L. G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C. M., Nascimento, C. C., Nei, Y., Neves, M. A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A. G.T., Nilsson, R. H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M. T., Noordeloos, M. E., Norphanphoun, C., Otaño, N. B.Nuñez, O’Donnell, R. P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, O. P., Pang, K. L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, O. L., Perera, R. H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A. J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C. A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K. N.A., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Rämä, T., Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Raza, M., Ren, G. C., Robledo, G. L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L. R., Salvador-Montoya, C. A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B. C., Samarakoon, M. C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santamaria, B., Santiago, A. L.C.M.A., Sarma, V. V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R. K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, L., Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I. C., Shabashova, T. G., Shen, H. W., Shen, Y. M., Silva-Filho, A. G.S., Simmons, D. R., Singh, R., Sir, E. B., Song, C. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sruthi, O. P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A. M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S. L., Strassert, J. F.H., Su, H. L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y. R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T. H., Tanaka, K., Tang, A. M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J. B., Tavakol, N. M., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D. S., Thamodini, G. K., Thines, M., Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P. V., Tian, Q., Tian, W. H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, D., Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W. A., Uzunov, B. A., Valle, L. G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R. K., Vieira, L. C., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A. K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, C. G., Wang, K., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D. P., Wei, X. L., White, J. F., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wijesinghe, S. N., Wijesundara, D. S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F. R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H. X., Wu, N., Wu, W. P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y. P., Xiong, Y. R., Xu, B., Xu, L. J., Xu, R., Xu, T. M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J. Y., Yang, H. D., Yang, J., Yang, Z. L., Yang, Y. H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N. H., Yu, F. M., Yu, Q., Yu, X. D., Yu, Y. X., Yu, Z. F., Yuan, H. S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, A., Zafari, D., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zeng, M., Zeng, N. K., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C. L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L., Zhou, L. W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M. P., Zin, H. H., Zucconi, L., Hyde, K. D., Abdel-Wahab, M. A., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abeywickrama, P. D., Absalan, S., Afshari, N., Ainsworth, A. M., Akulov, O. Y., Aleoshin, V. V., Al-Sadi, A. M., Alvarado, P., Alves, A., Alves-Silva, G., Amalfi, M., Amira, Y., Amuhenage, T. B., Anderson, J. L., Antonín, V., Aouali, S., Aptroot, A., Apurillo, C. C. S., Araújo, J. P.M., Ariyawansa, H. A., Armand, A., Arumugam, E., Asghari, R., Assis, D. M.A., Atienza, V., Avasthi, S., Azevedo, E., Bahkali, A. H., Bakhshi, M., Banihashemi, Z., Bao, D. F., Baral, H. O., Barata, M., Barbosa, F. R., Barbosa, R. N., Barreto, R. W., Baschien, C., Belamesiatseva, D. B., Reuel, M. Bennett, Bera, I., Bezerra, J. D. P., Bezerra, J. L., Bhat, D. J., Bhunjun, C. S., Bianchinotti, M. V., Błaszkowski, J., Blondelle, A., Boekhout, T., Bonito, G., Boonmee, S., Boonyuen, N., Bregant, C., Buchanan, P., Bundhun, D., Burgaud, G., Burgess, T., Buyck, B., Cabarroi-Hernández, M., Cáceres, M. E. S., Caeiro, M. F., Cai, L., Cai, M. F., Calabon, M. S., Calaça, F. J. S., Callalli, M., Camara, M. P. S., Cano-Lira, J. F., Cantillo, T., Cao, B., Carlavilla, J. R., Carvalho, A., Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F., Castlebury, L., Castro-Jauregui, O., Catania, M. D., Cavalcanti, L. H., Cazabonne, J., Cedeño-Sanchez, M. L., Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, S., Chaiwan, N., Chakraborty, N., Chaverri, P., Cheewangkoon, R., Chen, C., Chen, C. Y., Chen, K. H., Chen, J., Chen, Q., Chen, W. H., Chen, Y. P., Chethana, K. W. T., Coleine, C., Condé, T. O., Corazon-Guivin, M. A., Cortés-Pérez, A., Costa-Rezende, D. H., Courtecuisse, R., Crouch, J. A., Crous, P. W., Cui, B. K., Cui, Y. Y., da Silva, D. K. A., da Silva, G. A., da Silva, I. R., da Silva, R. M. F., da Silva Santos, A. C., Dai, D. Q., Dai, Y. C., Damm, U., Darmostuk, V., Zoha, Daroodi, Das, K., Davoodian, N., Davydov, E. A., Dayarathne, M. C., Decock, C., de Groot, M. D., De Kesel, A., de la Cruz, T. E. E., De Lange, R., Delgado, G., Denchev, C. M., Denchev, T. T., de Oliveira, N. T., de Silva, N. I., de Souza, F. A., Dentinger, B., Devadatha, B., Dianese, J. C., Dima, B., Diniz, A. G., Dissanayake, A. J., Dissanayake, L. S., Doğan, H. H., Doilom, M., Dolatabadi, S., Dong, W., Dong, Z. Y., Dos Santos, L. A., Drechsler-Santos, E. R., Du, T. Y., Dubey, M. K., Dutta, A. K., Egidi, E., Elliott, T. F., Elshahed, M. S., Erdoğdu, M., Ertz, D., Etayo, J., Evans, H. C., Fan, X. L., Fan, Y. G., Fedosova, A. G., Fell, J., Fernandes, I., Firmino, A. L., Fiuza, P. O., Flakus, A., de Souza, C. A.Fragoso, Frisvad, J. C., Fryar, S. C., Gabaldón, T., Gajanayake, A. J., Galindo, L. J., Gannibal, P. B., García, D., García-Sandoval, S. R., Garrido-Benavent, I., Garzoli, L., Gautam, A. K., Ge, Z. W., Gené, D. J., Gentekaki, E., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A. J., Gibertoni, T. B., Góes-Neto, A., Gomdola, D., de Farias, A. R. Gomes, Gorjón, S. P., Goto, B. T., Granados-Montero, M. M., Griffith, G. W., Groenewald, J. Z., Groenewald, M., Grossart, H. P., Gueidan, C., Gunarathne, A., Gunaseelan, S., Gusmão, L. F.P., Gutierrez, A. C., Guzmán-Dávalos, L., Haelewaters, D., Halling, R., Han, Y. F., Hapuarachchi, K. K., Harder, C. B., Harrington, T. C., Hattori, T., He, M. Q., He, S., He, S. H., Healy, R., Herández-Restrepo, M., Heredia, G., Hodge, K. T., Holgado-Rojas, M., Hongsanan, S., Horak, E., Hosoya, T., Houbraken, J., Huang, S. K., Huanraluek, N., Hur, J. S., Hurdeal, V. G., Hustad, V. P., Iotti, M., Iturriaga, T., Jafar, E., Janik, P., Jany, J. L., Jayalal, R. G.U., Jayasiri, S. C., Jayawardena, R. S., Jeewon, R., Jerônimo, G. H., Jesus, A. L., Jin, J., Johnston, P. R., Jones, E. B.G., Joshi, Y., Justo, A., Kaishian, P., Kakishima, M., Kaliyaperumal, M., Kang, G. P., Kang, J. C., Karakehian, J. M., Karimi, O., Karpov, S. A., Karunarathna, S. C., Kaufmann, M., Kemler, M., Kezo, K., Khyaju, S., Kirchmair, M., Kirk, P. M., Kitaura, M. J., Klawonn, I., Kolarik, M., Kong, A., Kuhar, F., Kukwa, M., Kumar, S., Kušan, I., Lado, C., Larsson, K. H., Latha, K. P.D., Lee, H. B., Leonardi, M., Leontyev, D. L., Lestari, A. S., Li, C. J.Y., Li, D. W., Li, H. Y., Li, L., Li, Q. R., Li, W. L., Li, Y., Li, Y. C., Liao, C. F., Liimatainen, K., Lim, Y. W., Lin, C. G., Linaldeddu, B. T., Linde, C. C., Linn, M. M., Liu, F., Liu, J. K., Liu, N. G., Liu, S., Liu, X. F., Liu, X. Z., Liu, Z. B., Lu, L., Lu, Y. Z., Luangharn, T., Luangsa-ard, J. J., Lumbsch, H. T., Lumyong, S., Luo, L., Luo, M., Luo, Z. L., Ma, J., Machado, A. R., Madagammana, A. D., Madrid, H., Magurno, F., Magyar, D., Mahadevan, N., Maharachchikumbura, S. S.N., Maimaiti, Y., Malosso, E., Manamgoda, D. S., Manawasinghe, I. S., Mapook, A., Marasinghe, D. S., Mardones, M., Marin-Felix, Y., Márquez, R., Masigol, H., Matočec, N., May, T. W., McKenzie, E. H.C., Meiras-Ottoni, A., Melo, R. F.R., Mendes-Alvarenga, R. L., Mendieta, S., Meng, Q. F., Menkis, A., Menolli, N., Mešić, A., Calvo, J. G.Meza, Mikhailov, K. V., Miller, S. L., Moncada, B., Moncalvo, J. M., Monteiro, J. S., Monteiro, M., Mora-Montes, H. M., Moreau, P. A., Mueller, G. M., Mukhopadyay, S., Murugadoss, R., Nagy, L. G., Najafiniya, M., Nanayakkara, C. M., Nascimento, C. C., Nei, Y., Neves, M. A., Neuhauser, S., Niego, A. G.T., Nilsson, R. H., Niskanen, T., Niveiro, N., Noorabadi, M. T., Noordeloos, M. E., Norphanphoun, C., Otaño, N. B.Nuñez, O’Donnell, R. P., Oehl, F., Olariaga, I., Orlando, O. P., Pang, K. L., Papp, V., Pawłowska, J., Peintner, U., Pem, D., Pereira, O. L., Perera, R. H., Perez-Moreno, J., Perez-Ortega, S., Péter, G., Phillips, A. J.L., Phonemany, M., Phukhamsakda, C., Phutthacharoen, K., Piepenbring, M., Pires-Zottarelli, C. L.A., Poinar, G., Pošta, A., Prieto, M., Promputtha, I., Quandt, C. A., Radek, R., Rahnama, K., Raj, K. N.A., Rajeshkumar, K. C., Rämä, T., Rambold, G., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Rasconi, S., Rathnayaka, A. R., Raza, M., Ren, G. C., Robledo, G. L., Rodriguez-Flakus, P., Ronikier, A., Rossi, W., Ryberg, M., Ryvarden, L. R., Salvador-Montoya, C. A., Samant, B., Samarakoon, B. C., Samarakoon, M. C., Sánchez-Castro, I., Sánchez-García, M., Sandoval-Denis, M., Santamaria, B., Santiago, A. L.C.M.A., Sarma, V. V., Savchenko, A., Savchenko, K., Saxena, R. K., Scholler, M., Schoutteten, N., Seifollahi, E., Selbmann, L., Selcuk, F., Senanayake, I. C., Shabashova, T. G., Shen, H. W., Shen, Y. M., Silva-Filho, A. G.S., Simmons, D. R., Singh, R., Sir, E. B., Song, C. G., Souza-Motta, C. M., Sruthi, O. P., Stadler, M., Stchigel, A. M., Stemler, J., Stephenson, S. L., Strassert, J. F.H., Su, H. L., Su, L., Suetrong, S., Sulistyo, B., Sun, Y. R., Svantesson, S., Sysouphanthong, P., Takamatsu, S., Tan, T. H., Tanaka, K., Tang, A. M.C., Tang, X., Tanney, J. B., Tavakol, N. M., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. W.J., Tedersoo, L., Tennakoon, D. S., Thamodini, G. K., Thines, M., Thiyagaraja, V., Thongklang, N., Tiago, P. V., Tian, Q., Tian, W. H., Tibell, L., Tibell, S., Tibpromma, S., Tkalčec, Z., Tomšovský, M., Toome-Heller, M., Torruella, G., Tsurykau, A., Udayanga, D., Ulukapi, M., Untereiner, W. A., Uzunov, B. A., Valle, L. G., Van Caenegem, W., Van den Wyngaert, S., Van Vooren, N., Velez, P., Verma, R. K., Vieira, L. C., Vieira, W. A.S., Vizzini, A., Walker, A., Walker, A. K., Wanasinghe, D. N., Wang, C. G., Wang, K., Wang, S. X., Wang, X. Y., Wang, Y., Wannasawang, N., Wartchow, F., Wei, D. P., Wei, X. L., White, J. F., Wijayawardene, N. N., Wijesinghe, S. N., Wijesundara, D. S.A., Wisitrassameewong, K., Worthy, F. R., Wu, F., Wu, G., Wu, H. X., Wu, N., Wu, W. P., Wurzbacher, C., Xiao, Y. P., Xiong, Y. R., Xu, B., Xu, L. J., Xu, R., Xu, T. M., Yakovchenko, L., Yan, J. Y., Yang, H. D., Yang, J., Yang, Z. L., Yang, Y. H., Yapa, N., Yasanthika, E., Youssef, N. H., Yu, F. M., Yu, Q., Yu, X. D., Yu, Y. X., Yu, Z. F., Yuan, H. S., Yuan, Y., Yurkov, A., Zafari, D., Zamora, J. C., Zare, R., Zeng, M., Zeng, N. K., Zeng, X. Y., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Zhang, J. F., Zhang, J. Y., Zhang, Q. Y., Zhang, S. N., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C. L., Zhao, H., Zhao, Q., Zhao, R. L., Zhou, L. W., Zhou, M., Zhurbenko, M. P., Zin, H. H., and Zucconi, L.
Abstract: The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, 'to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation', or 'are there too many genera in the Boletales?' and even more importantly, 'what should be done with the tremendously diverse 'dark fungal taxa?' There are undeniable differences in mycologists' perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee
Published: 2023

4. Peer Review #1 of "Horizontally transferred genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (v0.1)"

Author: Torruella, G, additional
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. Phylogenomic insights on the evolution of metchnikovellids

Author: NASSONOVA E., MOREIRA D., TORRUELLA G., TIMPANO H., PASKEROVA G., SMIRNOV A., and LOPEZGARCIA P.
Published: 2016

6. Phylogenetic Relationships within the Opisthokonta Based on Phylogenomic Analyses of Conserved Single-Copy Protein Domains

Author: Torruella, G., primary, Derelle, R., additional, Paps, J., additional, Lang, B. F., additional, Roger, A. J., additional, Shalchian-Tabrizi, K., additional, and Ruiz-Trillo, I., additional
Published: 2011
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7. MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF OPISTHOSPORIDIA: NEW APHELID PARAPHELIDIUM TRIBONEMAE GEN. ET SP NOV

Author: Sergey Karpov, Tcvetkova, V. S., Mamkaeva, M. A., Torruella, G., Timpano, H., Moreira, D., and Lopez-Garcia, P.

8. Transcriptomics of Diphyllatea (CRuMs) from South Pacific crater lakes confirm new cryptic clades.

Author: Galindo LJ, Mathur V, Frost H, Torruella G, Richards TA, and Irwin NAT
Abstract: The Diphyllatea (CRuMs) are heterotrophic protists currently divided into three distinct clades (Diphy I-III). Diphy I are biflagellates in the genus Diphylleia, whereas Diphy II and III represent cryptic clades comprising Collodictyon-type quadriflagellates that were recently distinguished based on rRNA gene phylogenies. Here, we isolated Diphyllatea from freshwater crater lakes on two South Pacific islands and generated high-quality transcriptomes from species representing each clade, including the first transcriptomic data from Diphy III. Phylogenomic analyses support the separation of Diphy II and III, while transcriptome completeness highlights the utility of these data for future studies. Lastly, we discuss the biogeography and ecology of Diphyllatea on these remote islands., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society of Protistologists.)
Published: 2024
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9. Molecular and morphological characterization of four new ancyromonad genera and proposal for an updated taxonomy of the Ancyromonadida.

Author: Yubuki N, Torruella G, Galindo LJ, Heiss AA, Ciobanu MC, Shiratori T, Ishida KI, Blaz J, Kim E, Moreira D, López-García P, and Eme L
Subjects: Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, Microscopy, Electron, Eukaryota
Abstract: Ancyromonads are small biflagellated protists with a bean-shaped morphology. They are cosmopolitan in marine, freshwater, and soil environments, where they attach to surfaces while feeding on bacteria. These poorly known grazers stand out by their uncertain phylogenetic position in the tree of eukaryotes, forming a deep-branching "orphan" lineage that is considered key to a better understanding of the early evolution of eukaryotes. Despite their ecological and evolutionary interest, only limited knowledge exists about their true diversity. Here, we aimed to characterize ancyromonads better by integrating environmental surveys with behavioral observation and description of cell morphology, for which sample isolation and culturing are indispensable. We studied 18 ancyromonad strains, including 14 new isolates and seven new species. We described three new and genetically divergent genera: Caraotamonas, Nyramonas, and Olneymonas, together encompassing four species. The remaining three new species belong to the already-known genera Fabomonas and Ancyromonas. We also raised Striomonas, formerly a subgenus of Nutomonas, to full genus status, on morphological and phylogenetic grounds. We studied the morphology of diverse ancyromonads under light and electron microscopy and carried out molecular phylogenetic analyses, also including 18S rRNA gene sequences from several environmental surveys. Based on these analyses, we have updated the taxonomy of Ancyromonadida., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society of Protistologists.)
Published: 2023
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10. One high quality genome and two transcriptome datasets for new species of Mantamonas, a deep-branching eukaryote clade.

Author: Blaz J, Galindo LJ, Heiss AA, Kaur H, Torruella G, Yang A, Alexa Thompson L, Filbert A, Warring S, Narechania A, Shiratori T, Ishida KI, Dacks JB, López-García P, Moreira D, Kim E, and Eme L
Subjects: Gene Expression Profiling, Genomics, Phylogeny, Eukaryota genetics, Transcriptome, Genome
Abstract: Mantamonads were long considered to represent an "orphan" lineage in the tree of eukaryotes, likely branching near the most frequently assumed position for the root of eukaryotes. Recent phylogenomic analyses have placed them as part of the "CRuMs" supergroup, along with collodictyonids and rigifilids. This supergroup appears to branch at the base of Amorphea, making it of special importance for understanding the deep evolutionary history of eukaryotes. However, the lack of representative species and complete genomic data associated with them has hampered the investigation of their biology and evolution. Here, we isolated and described two new species of mantamonads, Mantamonas vickermani sp. nov. and Mantamonas sphyraenae sp. nov., for each of which we generated transcriptomic sequence data, as well as a high-quality genome for the latter. The estimated size of the M. sphyraenae genome is 25 Mb; our de novo assembly appears to be highly contiguous and complete with 9,416 predicted protein-coding genes. This near-chromosome-scale genome assembly is the first described for the CRuMs supergroup., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
Published: 2023
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11. Phylogenomics Supports the Monophyly of Aphelids and Fungi and Identifies New Molecular Synapomorphies.

Author: Galindo LJ, Torruella G, López-García P, Ciobanu M, Gutiérrez-Preciado A, Karpov SA, and Moreira D
Subjects: Phylogeny, Fungi genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods, Eukaryota, Microsporidia genetics
Abstract: The supergroup Holomycota, composed of Fungi and several related lineages of unicellular organisms (Nucleariida, Rozellida, Microsporidia, and Aphelida), represents one of the major branches in the phylogeny of eukaryotes. Nevertheless, except for the well-established position of Nucleariida as the first holomycotan branch to diverge, the relationships among the other lineages have so far remained unresolved largely owing to the lack of molecular data for some groups. This was notably the case aphelids, a poorly known group of endobiotic phagotrophic protists that feed on algae with cellulose walls. The first molecular phylogenies including aphelids supported their sister relationship with Rozellida and Microsporidia which, collectively, formed a new group called Opisthosporidia (the "Opisthosporidia hypothesis"). However, recent phylogenomic analyses including massive sequence data from two aphelid genera, Paraphelidium and Amoeboaphelidium, suggested that the aphelids are sister to fungi (the "Aphelida $+$ Fungi hypothesis"). Should this position be confirmed, aphelids would be key to understanding the early evolution of Holomycota and the origin of Fungi. Here, we carry out phylogenomic analyses with an expanded taxonomic sampling for aphelids after sequencing the transcriptomes of two species of the genus Aphelidium (Aphelidium insulamus and Aphelidium tribonematis) in order to test these competing hypotheses. Our new phylogenomic analyses including species from the three known aphelid genera strongly rejected the Opisthosporidia hypothesis. Furthermore, comparative genomic analyses further supported the Aphelida $+$ Fungi hypothesis via the identification of 19 orthologous genes exclusively shared by these two lineages. Seven of them originated from ancient horizontal gene transfer events predating the aphelid-fungal split and the remaining 12 likely evolved de novo, constituting additional molecular synapomorphies for this clade. Ancestral trait reconstruction based on our well-resolved phylogeny of Holomycota suggests that the progenitor of both fungi and rozellids, was aphelid-like, having an amoeboflagellate state and likely preying endobiotically on cellulose-containing, cell-walled organisms. Two lineages, which we propose to call Phytophagea and Opisthophagea, evolved from this ancestor. Phytophagea, grouping aphelids and classical fungi, mainly specialized in endobiotic predation of algal cells. Fungi emerged from this lineage after losing phagotrophy in favor of osmotrophy. Opisthophagea, grouping rozellids and Microsporidia, became parasites, mostly of chitin-containing hosts. This lineage entered a progressive reductive process that resulted in a unique lifestyle, especially in the highly derived Microsporidia. [Aphelida, fungi, Holomycota, horizontal gene transfer, phylogenomics, synapomorphy.]., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Published: 2023
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12. Maturases and Group II Introns in the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Deepest Jakobid Branch.

Author: Galindo LJ, Prokina K, Torruella G, López-García P, and Moreira D
Subjects: Humans, Introns, Phylogeny, Eukaryota genetics, Eukaryotic Cells, Genome, Mitochondrial
Abstract: Ophirinina is a recently described suborder of jakobid protists (Excavata) with only one described species to date, Ophirina amphinema. Despite the acquisition and analysis of massive transcriptomic and mitogenomic sequence data from O. amphinema, its phylogenetic position among excavates remained inconclusive, branching as sister group either to all Jakobida or to all Discoba. From a morphological perspective, it has not only several typical jakobid features but also unusual traits for this group, including the morphology of mitochondrial cristae (sac-shaped to flattened-curved cristae) and the presence of two flagellar vanes. In this study, we have isolated, morphologically characterized, and sequenced genome and transcriptome data of two new Ophirinina species: Ophirina chinija sp. nov. and Agogonia voluta gen. et sp. nov. Ophirina chinija differs from O. amphinema in having rounded cell ends, subapically emerging flagella and a posterior cell protrusion. The much more distantly related A. voluta has several unique ultrastructural characteristics, including sac-shaped mitochondrial cristae and a complex "B" fiber. Phylogenomic analyses with a large conserved-marker dataset supported the monophyly of Ophirina and Agogonia within the Ophirinina and, more importantly, resolved the conflicting position of ophirinids as the sister clade to all other jakobids. The characterization of the mitochondrial genomes showed that Agogonia differs from all known gene-rich jakobid mitogenomes by the presence of two group II introns and their corresponding maturase protein genes. A phylogenetic analysis of the diversity of known maturases confirmed that the Agogonia proteins are highly divergent from each other and define distant families among the prokaryotic and eukaryotic maturases. This opens the intriguing possibility that, compared to other jakobids, Ophirinina may have retained additional mitochondrial elements that may help to understand the early diversification of eukaryotes and the evolution of mitochondria., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
Published: 2023
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13. Expanding the molecular and morphological diversity of Apusomonadida, a deep-branching group of gliding bacterivorous protists.

Author: Torruella G, Galindo LJ, Moreira D, Ciobanu M, Heiss AA, Yubuki N, Kim E, and López-García P
Subjects: Phylogeny, Eukaryota, Eukaryotic Cells
Abstract: Apusomonads are cosmopolitan bacterivorous biflagellate protists usually gliding on freshwater and marine sediment or wet soils. These nanoflagellates form a sister lineage to opisthokonts and may have retained ancestral features helpful to understanding the early evolution of this large supergroup. Although molecular environmental analyses indicate that apusomonads are genetically diverse, few species have been described. Here, we morphologically characterize 11 new apusomonad strains. Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of the rRNA gene operon, we describe four new strains of the known species Multimonas media, Podomonas capensis, Apusomonas proboscidea, and Apusomonas australiensis, and rename Thecamonas oxoniensis as Mylnikovia oxoniensis n. gen., n. comb. Additionally, we describe four new genera and six new species: Catacumbia lutetiensis n. gen. n. sp., Cavaliersmithia chaoae n. gen. n. sp., Singekia montserratensis n. gen. n. sp., Singekia franciliensis n. gen. n. sp., Karpovia croatica n. gen. n. sp., and Chelonemonas dolani n. sp. Our comparative analysis suggests that apusomonad ancestor was a fusiform biflagellate with a dorsal pellicle, a plastic ventral surface, and a sleeve covering the anterior flagellum, that thrived in marine, possibly oxygen-poor, environments. It likely had a complex cell cycle with dormant and multiple fission stages, and sex. Our results extend known apusomonad diversity, allow updating their taxonomy, and provide elements to understand early eukaryotic evolution., (© 2022 International Society of Protistologists.)
Published: 2023
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14. On the Biology, Diversity and Evolution of Nucleariid Amoebae (Amorphea, Obazoa, Opisthokonta 1 .

Author: Gabaldón T, Völcker E, and Torruella G
Subjects: Animals, Biology, Eukaryota, Fungi, Phylogeny, Amoeba
Abstract: Nucleariids are a small group of free-living heterotrophic amoebae. Although these organisms present a variety of cell sizes and cell coverings, they are mostly spherical cells with radiating filopodia, sometimes with several nuclei. Nuclearia, the genus that gives the name to the group, contains species that are opportunistic consumers of detritus, bacteria, and algae. The beautiful Pompholyxophrys is covered with endogenous siliceous pearls. Lithocolla covers itself with sand particles, or otherwise diatom frustules. The tiny Parvularia exclusively feeds on bacteria, and Fonticula is adapted to solid substrates and presents aggregative multicellular stages. Nucleariids belong to the Opisthokonta, which comprise animals, fungi, and their protist relatives, and form the earliest branch in the holomycotan clade (fungi and closest relatives). Hence, they are key for understanding the origin and diversification of Opisthokonta, an eukaryotic supergroup that contains organisms with different feeding modes, life-styles, and cell organizations. In this review, the reader will find an introduction to nucleariids, from their discovery in the 19th century until the most recent studies. It summarizes available information on their morphology, life history, cell organisation, ecology, diversity, systematics and evolution., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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15. A phylogenetic and proteomic reconstruction of eukaryotic chromatin evolution.

Author: Grau-Bové X, Navarrete C, Chiva C, Pribasnig T, Antó M, Torruella G, Galindo LJ, Lang BF, Moreira D, López-Garcia P, Ruiz-Trillo I, Schleper C, Sabidó E, and Sebé-Pedrós A
Subjects: Archaea genetics, DNA Transposable Elements, Eukaryota genetics, Histones genetics, Histones metabolism, Phylogeny, Proteomics, Chromatin genetics, Chromatin metabolism, Eukaryotic Cells metabolism
Abstract: Histones and associated chromatin proteins have essential functions in eukaryotic genome organization and regulation. Despite this fundamental role in eukaryotic cell biology, we lack a phylogenetically comprehensive understanding of chromatin evolution. Here, we combine comparative proteomics and genomics analysis of chromatin in eukaryotes and archaea. Proteomics uncovers the existence of histone post-translational modifications in archaea. However, archaeal histone modifications are scarce, in contrast with the highly conserved and abundant marks we identify across eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that chromatin-associated catalytic functions (for example, methyltransferases) have pre-eukaryotic origins, whereas histone mark readers and chaperones are eukaryotic innovations. We show that further chromatin evolution is characterized by expansion of readers, including capture by transposable elements and viruses. Overall, our study infers detailed evolutionary history of eukaryotic chromatin: from its archaeal roots, through the emergence of nucleosome-based regulation in the eukaryotic ancestor, to the diversification of chromatin regulators and their hijacking by genomic parasites., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)
Published: 2022
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16. Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota.

Author: Galindo LJ, López-García P, Torruella G, Karpov S, and Moreira D
Subjects: Basal Bodies, Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota classification, Flagella, Fungi cytology, Fungi genetics, Fungi metabolism, Genomics, Hyphae, Phenotype, Specimen Handling, Transcriptome, Fungi classification, Hepatophyta classification, Phylogeny
Abstract: Compared to multicellular fungi and unicellular yeasts, unicellular fungi with free-living flagellated stages (zoospores) remain poorly known and their phylogenetic position is often unresolved. Recently, rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses of two atypical parasitic fungi with amoeboid zoospores and long kinetosomes, the sanchytrids Amoeboradix gromovi and Sanchytrium tribonematis, showed that they formed a monophyletic group without close affinity with known fungal clades. Here, we sequence single-cell genomes for both species to assess their phylogenetic position and evolution. Phylogenomic analyses using different protein datasets and a comprehensive taxon sampling result in an almost fully-resolved fungal tree, with Chytridiomycota as sister to all other fungi, and sanchytrids forming a well-supported, fast-evolving clade sister to Blastocladiomycota. Comparative genomic analyses across fungi and their allies (Holomycota) reveal an atypically reduced metabolic repertoire for sanchytrids. We infer three main independent flagellum losses from the distribution of over 60 flagellum-specific proteins across Holomycota. Based on sanchytrids' phylogenetic position and unique traits, we propose the designation of a novel phylum, Sanchytriomycota. In addition, our results indicate that most of the hyphal morphogenesis gene repertoire of multicellular fungi had already evolved in early holomycotan lineages., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
Published: 2021
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17. Combined cultivation and single-cell approaches to the phylogenomics of nucleariid amoebae, close relatives of fungi.

Author: Galindo LJ, Torruella G, Moreira D, Eglit Y, Simpson AGB, Völcker E, Clauß S, and López-García P
Subjects: Eukaryota classification, Phylogeny, Single-Cell Analysis methods
Abstract: Nucleariid amoebae (Opisthokonta) have been known since the nineteenth century but their diversity and evolutionary history remain poorly understood. To overcome this limitation, we have obtained genomic and transcriptomic data from three Nuclearia , two Pompholyxophrys and one Lithocolla species using traditional culturing and single-cell genome (SCG) and single-cell transcriptome amplification methods. The phylogeny of the complete 18S rRNA sequences of Pompholyxophrys and Lithocolla confirmed their suggested evolutionary relatedness to nucleariid amoebae, although with moderate support for internal splits. SCG amplification techniques also led to the identification of probable bacterial endosymbionts belonging to Chlamydiales and Rickettsiales in Pompholyxophrys . To improve the phylogenetic framework of nucleariids, we carried out phylogenomic analyses based on two datasets of, respectively, 264 conserved proteins and 74 single-copy protein domains. We obtained full support for the monophyly of the nucleariid amoebae, which comprise two major clades: (i) Parvularia-Fonticula and (ii) Nuclearia with the scaled genera Pompholyxophrys and Lithocolla . Based on these findings, the evolution of some traits of the earliest-diverging lineage of Holomycota can be inferred. Our results suggest that the last common ancestor of nucleariids was a freshwater, bacterivorous, non-flagellated filose and mucilaginous amoeba. From the ancestor, two groups evolved to reach smaller ( Parvularia-Fonticula ) and larger ( Nuclearia and related scaled genera) cell sizes, leading to different ecological specialization. The Lithocolla + Pompholyxophrys clade developed exogenous or endogenous cell coverings from a Nuclearia -like ancestor. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Single cell ecology'.
Published: 2019
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18. Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes.

Author: Adl SM, Bass D, Lane CE, Lukeš J, Schoch CL, Smirnov A, Agatha S, Berney C, Brown MW, Burki F, Cárdenas P, Čepička I, Chistyakova L, Del Campo J, Dunthorn M, Edvardsen B, Eglit Y, Guillou L, Hampl V, Heiss AA, Hoppenrath M, James TY, Karnkowska A, Karpov S, Kim E, Kolisko M, Kudryavtsev A, Lahr DJG, Lara E, Le Gall L, Lynn DH, Mann DG, Massana R, Mitchell EAD, Morrow C, Park JS, Pawlowski JW, Powell MJ, Richter DJ, Rueckert S, Shadwick L, Shimano S, Spiegel FW, Torruella G, Youssef N, Zlatogursky V, and Zhang Q
Subjects: Biodiversity, Eukaryota classification, Phylogeny, Terminology as Topic
Abstract: This revision of the classification of eukaryotes follows that of Adl et al., 2012 [J. Euk. Microbiol. 59(5)] and retains an emphasis on protists. Changes since have improved the resolution of many nodes in phylogenetic analyses. For some clades even families are being clearly resolved. As we had predicted, environmental sampling in the intervening years has massively increased the genetic information at hand. Consequently, we have discovered novel clades, exciting new genera and uncovered a massive species level diversity beyond the morphological species descriptions. Several clades known from environmental samples only have now found their home. Sampling soils, deeper marine waters and the deep sea will continue to fill us with surprises. The main changes in this revision are the confirmation that eukaryotes form at least two domains, the loss of monophyly in the Excavata, robust support for the Haptista and Cryptista. We provide suggested primer sets for DNA sequences from environmental samples that are effective for each clade. We have provided a guide to trophic functional guilds in an appendix, to facilitate the interpretation of environmental samples, and a standardized taxonomic guide for East Asian users., (© 2019 International Society of Protistologists.)
Published: 2019
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19. Global transcriptome analysis of the aphelid Paraphelidium tribonemae supports the phagotrophic origin of fungi.

Author: Torruella G, Grau-Bové X, Moreira D, Karpov SA, Burns JA, Sebé-Pedrós A, Völcker E, and López-García P
Abstract: Aphelids are little-known phagotrophic parasites of algae whose life cycle and morphology resemble those of the parasitic rozellids (Cryptomycota, Rozellomycota). In previous phylogenetic analyses of RNA polymerase and rRNA genes, aphelids, rozellids and Microsporidia (parasites of animals) formed a clade, named Opisthosporidia, which appeared as the sister group to Fungi. However, the statistical support for the Opisthosporidia was always moderate. Here, we generated full life-cycle transcriptome data for the aphelid species Paraphelidium tribonemae . In-depth multi-gene phylogenomic analyses using several protein datasets place this aphelid as the closest relative of fungi to the exclusion of rozellids and Microsporidia. In contrast with the comparatively reduced Rozella allomycis genome, we infer a rich, free-living-like aphelid proteome, with a metabolism similar to fungi, including cellulases likely involved in algal cell-wall penetration and enzymes involved in chitin biosynthesis. Our results suggest that fungi evolved from complex aphelid-like ancestors that lost phagotrophy and became osmotrophic., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Published: 2018
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20. Clarifying the Relationships between Microsporidia and Cryptomycota.

Author: Bass D, Czech L, Williams BAP, Berney C, Dunthorn M, Mahé F, Torruella G, Stentiford GD, and Williams TA
Subjects: Animals, Arthropods microbiology, Biodiversity, Chytridiomycota genetics, DNA, Fungal genetics, Ecology, Eukaryota, Evolution, Molecular, Flagella, Genome, Fungal, Lichens cytology, Microsporidia cytology, Soil Microbiology, Lichens classification, Lichens genetics, Microsporidia classification, Microsporidia genetics, Phylogeny
Abstract: Some protists with microsporidian-like cell biological characters, including Mitosporidium, Paramicrosporidium, and Nucleophaga, have SSU rRNA gene sequences that are much less divergent than canonical Microsporidia. We analysed the phylogenetic placement and environmental diversity of microsporidian-like lineages that group near the base of the fungal radiation and show that they group in a clade with metchnikovellids and canonical microsporidians, to the exclusion of the clade including Rozella, in line with what is currently known of their morphology and cell biology. These results show that the phylogenetic scope of Microsporidia has been greatly underestimated. We propose that much of the lineage diversity previously thought to be cryptomycotan/rozellid is actually microsporidian, offering new insights into the evolution of the highly specialized parasitism of canonical Microsporidia. This insight has important implications for our understanding of opisthokont evolution and ecology, and is important for accurate interpretation of environmental diversity. Our analyses also demonstrate that many opisthosporidian (aphelid+rozellid+microsporidian) SSU V4 OTUs from Neotropical forest soils group with the short-branching Microsporidia, consistent with the abundance of their protist and arthropod hosts in soils. This novel diversity of Microsporidia provides a unique opportunity to investigate the evolutionary origins of a highly specialized clade of major animal parasites., (© 2018 The Authors Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society of Protistologists.)
Published: 2018
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21. Evolutionary Genomics of Metchnikovella incurvata (Metchnikovellidae): An Early Branching Microsporidium.

Author: Galindo LJ, Torruella G, Moreira D, Timpano H, Paskerova G, Smirnov A, Nassonova E, and López-García P
Subjects: Animals, Apicomplexa microbiology, Polychaeta parasitology, Biological Evolution, Genome, Fungal, Microsporidia genetics
Abstract: Metchnikovellids are highly specialized hyperparasites, which infect and reproduce inside gregarines (Apicomplexa) inhabiting marine invertebrates. Their phylogenetic affiliation was under constant discussion until recently, when analysis of the first near-complete metchnikovellid genome, that of Amphiamblys sp., placed it in a basal position with respect to most Microsporidia. Microsporidia are a highly diversified lineage of extremely reduced parasites related to Rozellida (Rozellosporidia = Rozellomycota = Cryptomycota) within the Holomycota clade of Opisthokonta. By sequencing DNA from a single-isolated infected gregarine cell we obtained an almost complete genome of a second metchnikovellid species, and the first one of a taxonomically described and well-documented species, Metchnikovella incurvata. Our phylogenomic analyses show that, despite being considerably divergent from each other, M. incurvata forms a monophyletic group with Amphiamplys sp., and confirm that metchnikovellids are one of the deep branches of Microsporidia. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrates that, like most Microsporidia, metchnikovellids lack mitochondrial genes involved in energy transduction and are thus incapable of synthesizing their own ATP via mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. They also lack the horizontally acquired ATP transporters widespread in most Microsporidia. We hypothesize that a family of mitochondrial carrier proteins evolved to transport ATP from the host into the metchnikovellid cell. We observe the progressive reduction of genes involved in DNA repair pathways along the evolutionary path of Microsporidia, which might explain, at least partly, the extremely high evolutionary rate of the most derived species. Our data also suggest that genome reduction and acquisition of novel genes co-occurred during the adaptation of Microsporidia to their hosts.
Published: 2018
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22. Parvularia atlantis gen. et sp. nov., a Nucleariid Filose Amoeba (Holomycota, Opisthokonta).

Author: López-Escardó D, López-García P, Moreira D, Ruiz-Trillo I, and Torruella G
Subjects: Animals, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S analysis, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Amoeba genetics, Amoeba ultrastructure, Phylogeny
Abstract: The opisthokonts constitute a eukaryotic supergroup divided into two main clades: the holozoans, which include animals and their unicellular relatives, and the holomycotans, which include fungi, opisthosporidians, and nucleariids. Nucleariids are phagotrophic filose amoebae that phenotypically resemble more their distant holozoan cousins than their holomycotan phylogenetic relatives. Despite their evolutionary interest, the diversity and internal phylogenetic relationships within the nucleariids remain poorly studied. Here, we formally describe and characterize by molecular phylogeny and microscopy observations Parvularia atlantis gen. et sp. nov. (formerly Nuclearia sp. ATCC 50694), and compare its features with those of other nucleariid genera. Parvularia is an amoebal genus characterized by radiating knobbed and branching filopodia. It exhibits prominent vacuoles observable under light microscopy, a cyst-like stage, and completely lacks cilia. P. atlantis possesses one or two nuclei with a central nucleolus, and mitochondria with flat or discoid cristae. These morphological features, although typical of nucleariids, represent a combination of characters different to those of any other described Nuclearia species. Likewise, 18S rRNA-based phylogenetic analyses show that P. atlantis represents a distinct lineage within the nucleariids., (© 2017 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2017 International Society of Protistologists.)
Published: 2018
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23. Molecular Phylogeny of Paraphelidium letcheri sp. nov. (Aphelida, Opisthosporidia).

Author: Karpov SA, Torruella G, Moreira D, Mamkaeva MA, and López-García P
Subjects: DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Eukaryota genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Life Cycle Stages, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, Eukaryota classification, Eukaryota physiology, Sequence Analysis, DNA methods
Abstract: Aphelids remain poorly known parasitoids of algae and have recently raised considerable interest due to their phylogenetic position at the base of Holomycota. Together with Cryptomycota (Rozellosporidia) and Microsporidia, they have been recently re-classified as the Opisthosporidia, which constitutes the sister group to the fungi within the Holomycota. Molecular environmental studies have revealed a huge diversity of aphelids, but only four genera have been described: Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, Paraphelidium, and Pseudaphelidium. Here, we describe the life cycle of a new representative of Aphelida, Paraphelidium letcheri sp. nov., and provide the 18S rRNA gene sequence for this species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that P. letcheri is sister to Paraphelidium tribonemae and together they form a monophyletic cluster which is distantly related to both, Aphelidium, with flagellated zoospores, and Amoebaphelidium, with amoeboid zoospores., (© 2016 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2016 International Society of Protistologists.)
Published: 2017
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24. Dynamics of genomic innovation in the unicellular ancestry of animals.

Author: Grau-Bové X, Torruella G, Donachie S, Suga H, Leonard G, Richards TA, and Ruiz-Trillo I
Subjects: Genomics, Eukaryota genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Protozoan
Abstract: Which genomic innovations underpinned the origin of multicellular animals is still an open debate. Here, we investigate this question by reconstructing the genome architecture and gene family diversity of ancestral premetazoans, aiming to date the emergence of animal-like traits. Our comparative analysis involves genomes from animals and their closest unicellular relatives (the Holozoa), including four new genomes: three Ichthyosporea and Corallochytrium limacisporum . Here, we show that the earliest animals were shaped by dynamic changes in genome architecture before the emergence of multicellularity: an early burst of gene diversity in the ancestor of Holozoa, enriched in transcription factors and cell adhesion machinery, was followed by multiple and differently-timed episodes of synteny disruption, intron gain and genome expansions. Thus, the foundations of animal genome architecture were laid before the origin of complex multicellularity - highlighting the necessity of a unicellular perspective to understand early animal evolution.
Published: 2017
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25. Phylogenetic and ecological diversity of apusomonads, a lineage of deep-branching eukaryotes.

Author: Torruella G, Moreira D, and López-García P
Subjects: Cluster Analysis, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Eukaryota isolation & purification, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Environmental Microbiology, Eukaryota classification, Eukaryota genetics, Genetic Variation, Phylogeny
Abstract: Apusomonads are a mysterious group of heterotrophic gliding biflagellates branching deeply in the eukaryotic tree of life as sister group to opisthokonts (including animals, fungi, and a variety of unicellular protists). Despite their evolutionary interest, their diversity and ecology remain largely unknown, with very few described species and environmental sequences in databases. Most environmental 18S rRNA gene-based studies generally fail to identify apusomonad sequences, which might be due to primer bias, low abundance, and/or to the fact that their biotopes remain poorly explored. We have carried out an extensive search of 18S rRNA genes using an apusomonad-specific primer in a wide variety of ecosystems. Our study significantly broadens the diversity of apusomonads showing that, despite being mostly rare protists, they often dwell in freshwater and marine benthic environments, generally associated with low-oxygen concentrations. Apusomonads have been identified in environments across a wide salinity range. Some operational taxonomic units (OTUs), occurring in both marine and freshwater ecosystems, seem truly euryhaline, indicating that members of this deep-branching lineage easily cross such ecological barriers., (© 2016 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2017
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26. Morphological and Genetic Diversity of Opisthosporidia: New Aphelid Paraphelidium tribonemae gen. et sp. nov.

Author: Karpov SA, Tcvetkova VS, Mamkaeva MA, Torruella G, Timpano H, Moreira D, Mamanazarova KS, and López-García P
Subjects: Amoeba genetics, Cysts ultrastructure, DNA, Protozoan genetics, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Ecology, Eukaryota physiology, Life Cycle Stages, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Organelles ultrastructure, Plasmodium ultrastructure, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Spores ultrastructure, Eukaryota classification, Eukaryota genetics, Eukaryota ultrastructure, Genetic Variation, Phylogeny
Abstract: Aphelids are a poorly known group of parasitoids of algae that have raised considerable interest due to their pivotal phylogenetic position. Together with Cryptomycota and the highly derived Microsporidia, they have been recently re-classified as the Opisthosporidia, which constitute the sister group to the fungi within the Holomycota. Despite their huge diversity, as revealed by molecular environmental studies, and their phylogenetic interest, only three genera have been described (Aphelidium, Amoeboaphelidium, and Pseudaphelidium), from which 18S rRNA gene sequences exist only for Amoeboaphelidium and Aphelidium species. Here, we describe the life cycle and ultrastructure of a new representative of Aphelida, Paraphelidium tribonemae gen. et sp. nov., and provide the first 18S rRNA gene sequence obtained for this genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that Paraphelidium is distantly related to both Aphelidium and Amoebaphelidium, highlighting the wide genetic diversity of aphelids. Paraphelidium tribonemae has amoeboflagellate zoospores containing a lipid-microbody complex, dictyosomes, and mitochondria with rhomboid cristae, which are also present in trophonts and plasmodia. The amoeboid trophont uses pseudopodia to feed from the host cytoplasm. Although genetically distinct, the genus Paraphelidium is morphologically indistinguishable from other aphelid genera and has zoospores able to produce lamellipodia with subfilopodia like those of Amoeboaphelidium., (© 2016 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2016 International Society of Protistologists.)
Published: 2017
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27. Phylogenomics Reveals Convergent Evolution of Lifestyles in Close Relatives of Animals and Fungi.

Author: Torruella G, de Mendoza A, Grau-Bové X, Antó M, Chaplin MA, del Campo J, Eme L, Pérez-Cordón G, Whipps CM, Nichols KM, Paley R, Roger AJ, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Donachie S, and Ruiz-Trillo I
Subjects: Animals, Fungi genetics, Invertebrates genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Vertebrates genetics, Biological Evolution, Chitin analysis, Flagella physiology, Fungi physiology, Invertebrates physiology, Vertebrates physiology
Abstract: The Opisthokonta are a eukaryotic supergroup divided in two main lineages: animals and related protistan taxa, and fungi and their allies [1, 2]. There is a great diversity of lifestyles and morphologies among unicellular opisthokonts, from free-living phagotrophic flagellated bacterivores and filopodiated amoebas to cell-walled osmotrophic parasites and saprotrophs. However, these characteristics do not group into monophyletic assemblages, suggesting rampant convergent evolution within Opisthokonta. To test this hypothesis, we assembled a new phylogenomic dataset via sequencing 12 new strains of protists. Phylogenetic relationships among opisthokonts revealed independent origins of filopodiated amoebas in two lineages, one related to fungi and the other to animals. Moreover, we observed that specialized osmotrophic lifestyles evolved independently in fungi and protistan relatives of animals, indicating convergent evolution. We therefore analyzed the evolution of two key fungal characters in Opisthokonta, the flagellum and chitin synthases. Comparative analyses of the flagellar toolkit showed a previously unnoticed flagellar apparatus in two close relatives of animals, the filasterean Ministeria vibrans and Corallochytrium limacisporum. This implies that at least four different opisthokont lineages secondarily underwent flagellar simplification. Analysis of the evolutionary history of chitin synthases revealed significant expansions in both animals and fungi, and also in the Ichthyosporea and C. limacisporum, a group of cell-walled animal relatives. This indicates that the last opisthokont common ancestor had a complex toolkit of chitin synthases that was differentially retained in extant lineages. Thus, our data provide evidence for convergent evolution of specialized lifestyles in close relatives of animals and fungi from a generalist ancestor., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2015
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28. Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root.

Author: Derelle R, Torruella G, Klimeš V, Brinkmann H, Kim E, Vlček Č, Lang BF, and Eliáš M
Subjects: Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, Datasets as Topic, Genes, Bacterial, Phylogeny, Bacteria metabolism, Bacterial Proteins physiology, Eukaryota
Abstract: The large phylogenetic distance separating eukaryotic genes and their archaeal orthologs has prevented identification of the position of the eukaryotic root in phylogenomic studies. Recently, an innovative approach has been proposed to circumvent this issue: the use as phylogenetic markers of proteins that have been transferred from bacterial donor sources to eukaryotes, after their emergence from Archaea. Using this approach, two recent independent studies have built phylogenomic datasets based on bacterial sequences, leading to different predictions of the eukaryotic root. Taking advantage of additional genome sequences from the jakobid Andalucia godoyi and the two known malawimonad species (Malawimonas jakobiformis and Malawimonas californiana), we reanalyzed these two phylogenomic datasets. We show that both datasets pinpoint the same phylogenetic position of the eukaryotic root that is between "Unikonta" and "Bikonta," with malawimonad and collodictyonid lineages on the Unikonta side of the root. Our results firmly indicate that (i) the supergroup Excavata is not monophyletic and (ii) the last common ancestor of eukaryotes was a biflagellate organism. Based on our results, we propose to rename the two major eukaryotic groups Unikonta and Bikonta as Opimoda and Diphoda, respectively.
Published: 2015
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29. Earliest Holozoan expansion of phosphotyrosine signaling.

Author: Suga H, Torruella G, Burger G, Brown MW, and Ruiz-Trillo I
Subjects: Animals, Evolution, Molecular, Mesomycetozoea enzymology, Models, Molecular, Phylogeny, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases chemistry, Choanoflagellata enzymology, Phosphotyrosine metabolism, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Phosphotyrosine (pTyr) signaling is involved in development and maintenance of metazoans' multicellular body through cell-to-cell communication. Tyrosine kinases (TKs), tyrosine phosphatases, and other proteins relaying the signal compose the cascade. Domain architectures of the pTyr signaling proteins are diverse in metazoans, reflecting their complex intercellular communication. Previous studies had shown that the metazoan-type TKs, as well as other pTyr signaling proteins, were already diversified in the common ancestor of metazoans, choanoflagellates, and filastereans (which are together included in the clade Holozoa) whereas they are absent in fungi and other nonholozoan lineages. However, the earliest-branching holozoans Ichthyosporea and Corallochytrea, as well as the two fungi-related amoebae Fonticula and Nuclearia, have not been studied. Here, we analyze the complete genome sequences of two ichthyosporeans and Fonticula, and RNAseq data of three additional ichthyosporeans, one corallochytrean, and Nuclearia. Both the ichthyosporean and corallochytrean genomes encode a large variety of receptor TKs (RTKs) and cytoplasmic TKs (CTKs), as well as other pTyr signaling components showing highly complex domain architectures. However, Nuclearia and Fonticula have no TK, and show much less diversity in other pTyr signaling components. The CTK repertoires of both Ichthyosporea and Corallochytrea are similar to those of Metazoa, Choanoflagellida, and Filasterea, but the RTK sets are totally different from each other. The complex pTyr signaling equipped with positive/negative feedback mechanism likely emerged already at an early stage of holozoan evolution, yet keeping a high evolutionary plasticity in extracellular signal reception until the co-option of the system for cell-to-cell communication in metazoans.
Published: 2014
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30. Transcription factor evolution in eukaryotes and the assembly of the regulatory toolkit in multicellular lineages.

Author: de Mendoza A, Sebé-Pedrós A, Šestak MS, Matejcic M, Torruella G, Domazet-Loso T, and Ruiz-Trillo I
Subjects: Computational Biology, Genomics methods, Statistics, Nonparametric, Cell Differentiation genetics, Embryonic Development genetics, Eukaryota genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental genetics, Transcription Factors genetics
Abstract: Transcription factors (TFs) are the main players in transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes. However, it remains unclear what role TFs played in the origin of all of the different eukaryotic multicellular lineages. In this paper, we explore how the origin of TF repertoires shaped eukaryotic evolution and, in particular, their role into the emergence of multicellular lineages. We traced the origin and expansion of all known TFs through the eukaryotic tree of life, using the broadest possible taxon sampling and an updated phylogenetic background. Our results show that the most complex multicellular lineages (i.e., those with embryonic development, Metazoa and Embryophyta) have the most complex TF repertoires, and that these repertoires were assembled in a stepwise manner. We also show that a significant part of the metazoan and embryophyte TF toolkits evolved earlier, in their respective unicellular ancestors. To gain insights into the role of TFs in the development of both embryophytes and metazoans, we analyzed TF expression patterns throughout their ontogeny. The expression patterns observed in both groups recapitulate those of the whole transcriptome, but reveal some important differences. Our comparative genomics and expression data reshape our view on how TFs contributed to eukaryotic evolution and reveal the importance of TFs to the origins of multicellularity and embryonic development.
Published: 2013
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31. Early evolution of the T-box transcription factor family.

Author: Sebé-Pedrós A, Ariza-Cosano A, Weirauch MT, Leininger S, Yang A, Torruella G, Adamski M, Adamska M, Hughes TR, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, and Ruiz-Trillo I
Subjects: Animals, Histocytochemistry, Microarray Analysis, Protein Binding, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Species Specificity, Evolution, Molecular, Fetal Proteins genetics, Mesomycetozoea genetics, Multigene Family genetics, Phenotype, Phylogeny, T-Box Domain Proteins genetics, Xenopus genetics
Abstract: Developmental transcription factors are key players in animal multicellularity, being members of the T-box family that are among the most important. Until recently, T-box transcription factors were thought to be exclusively present in metazoans. Here, we report the presence of T-box genes in several nonmetazoan lineages, including ichthyosporeans, filastereans, and fungi. Our data confirm that Brachyury is the most ancient member of the T-box family and establish that the T-box family diversified at the onset of Metazoa. Moreover, we demonstrate functional conservation of a homolog of Brachyury of the protist Capsaspora owczarzaki in Xenopus laevis. By comparing the molecular phenotype of C. owczarzaki Brachyury with that of homologs of early branching metazoans, we define a clear difference between unicellular holozoan and metazoan Brachyury homologs, suggesting that the specificity of Brachyury emerged at the origin of Metazoa. Experimental determination of the binding preferences of the C. owczarzaki Brachyury results in a similar motif to that of metazoan Brachyury and other T-box classes. This finding suggests that functional specificity between different T-box classes is likely achieved by interaction with alternative cofactors, as opposed to differences in binding specificity.
Published: 2013
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32. The Capsaspora genome reveals a complex unicellular prehistory of animals.

Author: Suga H, Chen Z, de Mendoza A, Sebé-Pedrós A, Brown MW, Kramer E, Carr M, Kerner P, Vervoort M, Sánchez-Pons N, Torruella G, Derelle R, Manning G, Lang BF, Russ C, Haas BJ, Roger AJ, Nusbaum C, and Ruiz-Trillo I
Subjects: Animals, Apoptosis genetics, Base Sequence, Biological Evolution, Cell Adhesion genetics, Choanoflagellata metabolism, Evolution, Molecular, Genome, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins metabolism, Mitochondria genetics, Phylogeny, Protein Structure, Tertiary genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Signal Transduction genetics, Transcription, Genetic genetics, Choanoflagellata genetics, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Mesomycetozoea genetics
Abstract: To reconstruct the evolutionary origin of multicellular animals from their unicellular ancestors, the genome sequences of diverse unicellular relatives are essential. However, only the genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis has been reported to date. Here we completely sequence the genome of the filasterean Capsaspora owczarzaki, the closest known unicellular relative of metazoans besides choanoflagellates. Analyses of this genome alter our understanding of the molecular complexity of metazoans' unicellular ancestors showing that they had a richer repertoire of proteins involved in cell adhesion and transcriptional regulation than previously inferred only with the choanoflagellate genome. Some of these proteins were secondarily lost in choanoflagellates. In contrast, most intercellular signalling systems controlling development evolved later concomitant with the emergence of the first metazoans. We propose that the acquisition of these metazoan-specific developmental systems and the co-option of pre-existing genes drove the evolutionary transition from unicellular protists to metazoans.
Published: 2013
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33. Phylogenetic relationships within the Opisthokonta based on phylogenomic analyses of conserved single-copy protein domains.

Author: Torruella G, Derelle R, Paps J, Lang BF, Roger AJ, Shalchian-Tabrizi K, and Ruiz-Trillo I
Subjects: Animals, Bayes Theorem, Genomics, Likelihood Functions, Models, Genetic, Protein Structure, Tertiary genetics, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Eukaryota genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Fungi genetics, Phylogeny
Abstract: Many of the eukaryotic phylogenomic analyses published to date were based on alignments of hundreds to thousands of genes. Frequently, in such analyses, the most realistic evolutionary models currently available are often used to minimize the impact of systematic error. However, controversy remains over whether or not idiosyncratic gene family dynamics (i.e., gene duplications and losses) and incorrect orthology assignments are always appropriately taken into account. In this paper, we present an innovative strategy for overcoming orthology assignment problems. Rather than identifying and eliminating genes with paralogy problems, we have constructed a data set comprised exclusively of conserved single-copy protein domains that, unlike most of the commonly used phylogenomic data sets, should be less confounded by orthology miss-assignments. To evaluate the power of this approach, we performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses to infer the evolutionary relationships within the opisthokonts (which includes Metazoa, Fungi, and related unicellular lineages). We used this approach to test 1) whether Filasterea and Ichthyosporea form a clade, 2) the interrelationships of early-branching metazoans, and 3) the relationships among early-branching fungi. We also assessed the impact of some methods that are known to minimize systematic error, including reducing the distance between the outgroup and ingroup taxa or using the CAT evolutionary model. Overall, our analyses support the Filozoa hypothesis in which Ichthyosporea are the first holozoan lineage to emerge followed by Filasterea, Choanoflagellata, and Metazoa. Blastocladiomycota appears as a lineage separate from Chytridiomycota, although this result is not strongly supported. These results represent independent tests of previous phylogenetic hypotheses, highlighting the importance of sophisticated approaches for orthology assignment in phylogenomic analyses.
Published: 2012
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34. The evolutionary history of lysine biosynthesis pathways within eukaryotes.

Author: Torruella G, Suga H, Riutort M, Peretó J, and Ruiz-Trillo I
Subjects: Eukaryota enzymology, L-Aminoadipate-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase genetics, Phylogeny, Eukaryota genetics, Evolution, Molecular, Lysine biosynthesis, Metabolic Networks and Pathways genetics
Abstract: Lysine biosynthesis occurs in two ways: the diaminopimelate (DAP) pathway and the alpha-aminoadipate (AAA) pathway. The former is present in eubacteria, plants, and algae, whereas the latter was understood to be almost exclusive to fungi. The recent finding of the alpha-aminoadipate reductase (AAR) gene, one of the core genes of the AAA pathway, in the marine protist Corallochytrium limacisporum was, therefore, believed to be a molecular synapomorphy of fungi and C. limacisporum. To test this hypothesis, we undertook a broader search for the AAR gene in eukaryotes, and also analyzed the distribution of the lysA gene, a core gene of the DAP pathway. We show that the evolutionary history of both genes, AAR and lysA, is much more complex than previously believed. Furthermore, the AAR gene is present in several unicellular opisthokonts, thus rebutting the theory that its presence is a molecular synapomorphy between C. limacisporum and fungi. AAR gene seems to be exclusive of Excavata and Unikonts, whereas the lysA gene is present in several unrelated taxa within all major eukaryotic lineages, indicating a role for several lateral gene transfer (LGT) events. Our data imply that the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis and the "choanozoan" Capsaspora owczarzaki acquired their lysA copies from a proteobacterial ancestor. Overall, these observations represent new evidence that the role of LGT in the evolutionary history of eukaryotes may have been more significant than previously thought.
Published: 2009
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34 results on '"Torruella, G."'

1. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

2. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

3. Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa

4. Peer Review #1 of "Horizontally transferred genes in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi (v0.1)"

5. Phylogenomic insights on the evolution of metchnikovellids

6. Phylogenetic Relationships within the Opisthokonta Based on Phylogenomic Analyses of Conserved Single-Copy Protein Domains

7. MORPHOLOGICAL AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF OPISTHOSPORIDIA: NEW APHELID PARAPHELIDIUM TRIBONEMAE GEN. ET SP NOV

8. Transcriptomics of Diphyllatea (CRuMs) from South Pacific crater lakes confirm new cryptic clades.

9. Molecular and morphological characterization of four new ancyromonad genera and proposal for an updated taxonomy of the Ancyromonadida.

10. One high quality genome and two transcriptome datasets for new species of Mantamonas, a deep-branching eukaryote clade.

11. Phylogenomics Supports the Monophyly of Aphelids and Fungi and Identifies New Molecular Synapomorphies.

12. Maturases and Group II Introns in the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Deepest Jakobid Branch.

13. Expanding the molecular and morphological diversity of Apusomonadida, a deep-branching group of gliding bacterivorous protists.

14. On the Biology, Diversity and Evolution of Nucleariid Amoebae (Amorphea, Obazoa, Opisthokonta 1 .

15. A phylogenetic and proteomic reconstruction of eukaryotic chromatin evolution.

16. Phylogenomics of a new fungal phylum reveals multiple waves of reductive evolution across Holomycota.

17. Combined cultivation and single-cell approaches to the phylogenomics of nucleariid amoebae, close relatives of fungi.

18. Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes.

19. Global transcriptome analysis of the aphelid Paraphelidium tribonemae supports the phagotrophic origin of fungi.

20. Clarifying the Relationships between Microsporidia and Cryptomycota.

21. Evolutionary Genomics of Metchnikovella incurvata (Metchnikovellidae): An Early Branching Microsporidium.

22. Parvularia atlantis gen. et sp. nov., a Nucleariid Filose Amoeba (Holomycota, Opisthokonta).

23. Molecular Phylogeny of Paraphelidium letcheri sp. nov. (Aphelida, Opisthosporidia).

24. Dynamics of genomic innovation in the unicellular ancestry of animals.

25. Phylogenetic and ecological diversity of apusomonads, a lineage of deep-branching eukaryotes.

26. Morphological and Genetic Diversity of Opisthosporidia: New Aphelid Paraphelidium tribonemae gen. et sp. nov.

27. Phylogenomics Reveals Convergent Evolution of Lifestyles in Close Relatives of Animals and Fungi.

28. Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root.

29. Earliest Holozoan expansion of phosphotyrosine signaling.

30. Transcription factor evolution in eukaryotes and the assembly of the regulatory toolkit in multicellular lineages.

31. Early evolution of the T-box transcription factor family.

32. The Capsaspora genome reveals a complex unicellular prehistory of animals.

33. Phylogenetic relationships within the Opisthokonta based on phylogenomic analyses of conserved single-copy protein domains.

34. The evolutionary history of lysine biosynthesis pathways within eukaryotes.

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34 results on '"Torruella, G."'

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