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In this final work, “whose objective is: To analyze the development of the post-sale service as a strategy for growth in commercial companies in the motorcycle sector. to the managers of the different commercial companies of the motorcycle department and a survey to the customers, using a survey with 10 questions. The answers were used to identify the aftersales services used by the companies and the benefits of implementing them, the disadvantage of those that are exposed to the commercial companies that do not use this service and finally to find out the benefits that await customers to be loyal to one brand a company, with the research hecha and the results obtained, it is concluded that most companies use the post-sale service as a strategy for customer growth and among the most mentioned are: keep in touch with customers, reports and special offers and guarantee for the purchased product.

Background Although men have a higher risk of developing a mental disorder during the perinatal period, few studies have focused on new fathers’ mental health screening. This study compares anxiety and depression symptoms between fathers with newborn infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and fathers of healthy full-term infants, assessing the impact of stress caused by the NICU.. Methods A longitudinal and prospective study with control (n= 33) and study groups (n=51) was designed. The dependent variables assessed were post-natal depression and anxiety-state while the social and demographic information, health background and the parental stress in the neonatal unit were the independent variables. The fathers were assessed twice during the first month after birth. Results Significant differences in the EPDS scores were found between both groups in the first assessment (p = .006) but not in the second assessment (p = .60). Significant differences in STAI scores were found between the groups for both assessments (p = .003 and p = .002). The stress caused by the infant's appearance and behavior was predictive of depression and anxiety in the study group. Limitations The sample was collected at one hospital, immigrants were underrepresented, and no prenatal assessment of paternal mental health is available. Conclusions Our results suggest that the hospitalization of newborn infants increases the risk of developing anxiety or depression disorder in fathers. Health providers should be aware of the emotional changes in men shortly after childbirth and include them in the screening of and support for mental health disorders.

This review examines the association between the perinatal period and thoughts and behaviours of neonaticide, infanticide, and filicide, highlighting mothers' risk factors. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect, with 2,957 articles screened and 13 determined as eligible for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were: 1) studies on neonaticide, infanticide and filicide; 2) studies conducted on women; 3) studies with perinatal population; 4) original, peer-reviewed studies; 5) studies written in English or Italian language. Single-case reports and qualitative studies were excluded, as were those studies written in any other language, and any studies for which the full-text version could not be obtained (i.e. conference abstracts). Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts, reviewed relevant articles' full text, and extracted the data. Several individuals and socio-environmental risk factors were identified for neonaticide, infanticide, and filicide during the perinatal period, highlighting the importance of paying particular attention to the mother's well-being in this critical phase. Women who committed neonaticide, infanticide, or filicide faced a variety of challenges in their lives. Such life events might prompt mental health professionals to address the possibility of harmful acts in their patients.

Psicosomàtica y Psiquiatría, Núm. 9 (2019): abril-mayo-junio

Objectives\ud \ud Selectively reported results from only well-performing cutoffs in diagnostic accuracy studies may bias estimates in meta-analyses. We investigated cutoff reporting patterns for the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; standard cutoff 10) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS; no standard cutoff, commonly used 10–13) and compared accuracy estimates based on published cutoffs versus all cutoffs.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud We conducted bivariate random effects meta-analyses using individual participant data to compare accuracy from published versus all cutoffs.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud For the PHQ-9 (30 studies, N = 11,773), published results underestimated sensitivity for cutoffs below 10 (median difference: −0.06) and overestimated for cutoffs above 10 (median difference: 0.07). EPDS (19 studies, N = 3637) sensitivity estimates from published results were similar for cutoffs below 10 (median difference: 0.00) but higher for cutoffs above 13 (median difference: 0.14). Specificity estimates from published and all cutoffs were similar for both tools. The mean cutoff of all reported cutoffs in PHQ-9 studies with optimal cutoff below 10 was 8.8 compared to 11.8 for those with optimal cutoffs above 10. Mean for EPDS studies with optimal cutoffs below 10 was 9.9 compared to 11.8 for those with optimal cutoffs greater than 10.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud Selective cutoff reporting was more pronounced for the PHQ-9 than EPDS.

Objectives: Estimates of depression prevalence in pregnancy and postpartum are based on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) more than on any other method. We aimed to determine if any EPDS cutoff can accurately and consistently estimate depression prevalence in individual studies. Methods: We analyzed datasets that compared EPDS scores to Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) major depression status. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to compare prevalence with EPDS cutoffs versus the SCID. Results: Seven thousand three hundred and fifteen participants (1017 SCID major depression) from 29 primary studies were included. For EPDS cutoffs used to estimate prevalence in recent studies (≥9 to ≥14), pooled prevalence estimates ranged from 27.8% (95% CI: 22.0%–34.5%) for EPDS ≥ 9 to 9.0% (95% CI: 6.8%–11.9%) for EPDS ≥ 14; pooled SCID major depression prevalence was 9.0% (95% CI: 6.5%–12.3%). EPDS ≥14 provided pooled prevalence closest to SCID‐based prevalence but differed from SCID prevalence in individual studies by a mean absolute difference of 5.1% (95% prediction interval: 13.7%, 12.3%). Conclusion: EPDS ≥14 approximated SCID‐based prevalence overall, but considerable heterogeneity in individual studies is a barrier to using it for prevalence estimation., This study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, KRS‐140994). Ms. Lyubenova was supported by the Mitacs Globalink Research Internship Program. Ms. Neupane was supported by G.R. Caverhill Fellowship from the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University. Drs. Levis and Wu were supported by Fonds de recherche du Québec‐Santé (FRQS) Postdoctoral Training Fellowships. Mr. Bhandari was supported by a studentship from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre. Ms. Rice was supported by a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. Ms. Azar was supported by a FRQS Masters Training Award. The primary study by Barnes et al. was supported by a grant from the Health Foundation (1665/608). The primary study by Beck et al. was supported by the Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation and the University of Connecticut Research Foundation. The primary study by Helle et al. was supported by the Werner Otto Foundation, the Kroschke Foundation, and the Feindt Foundation. Prof. Robertas Bunevicius, MD, PhD (1958‐2016) was Principal Investigator of the primary study by Bunevicius et al., but passed away and was unable to participate in this project. The primary study by Chaudron et al. was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (grant K23 MH64476). The primary study by Tissot et al. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant 32003B 125493). The primary study by Tendais et al. was supported under the project POCI/SAU‐ESP/56397/2004 by the Operational Program Science and Innovation 2010 (POCI 2010) of the Community Support Board III and by the European Community Fund FEDER. The primary study by Garcia‐Esteve et al. was supported by grant 7/98 from the Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Women's Institute, Spain. The primary study by Howard et al. was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme (Grant Reference Numbers RP‐PG‐1210‐12002 and RP‐DG‐1108‐10012) and by the South London Clinical Research Network. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. The primary study by Phillips et al. was supported by a scholarship from the National Health and Medical and Research Council (NHMRC). The primary study by Nakić Radoš et al. was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports (134‐0000000‐2421). The primary study by Navarro et al. was supported by grant 13/00 from the Ministry of Work and Social Affairs, Institute of Women, Spain. The primary study by Pawlby et al. was supported by a Medical Research Council UK Project Grant (number G89292999N). The primary study by Quispel et al. was supported by Stichting Achmea Gezondheid (grant number z‐282). Dr. Robertson‐Blackmore was supported by a Young Investigator Award from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation and NIMH grant K23MH080290. The primary study by Rochat et al. was supported by grants from the University of Oxford (HQ5035), the Tuixen Foundation (9940), the Wellcome Trust (082384/Z/07/Z and 071571), and the American Psychological Association. Dr. Rochat receives salary support from a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship (211374/Z/18/Z). The primary study by Prenoveau et al. was supported by The Wellcome Trust (grant number 071571). The primary study by Stewart et al. was supported by Professor Francis Creed's Journal of Psychosomatic Research Editorship fund (BA00457) administered through University of Manchester. The primary study by Tandon et al. was funded by the Thomas Wilson Sanitarium. The primary study by Tran et al. was supported by the Myer Foundation who funded the study under its Beyond Australia scheme. Dr. Tran was supported by an early career fellowship from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. The primary study by Vega‐Dienstmaier et al. was supported by Tejada Family Foundation, Inc, and Peruvian‐American Endowment, Inc. Drs. Benedetti and Thombs were supported by FRQS researcher salary awards.

The aim of the present study was to validate the Spanish Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) against external criteria of bonding disorder, as well as to establish its test-retest reliability. One hundred fifty-six postpartum women consecutively recruited from a perinatal mental health outpatient unit completed the PBQ at 4–6 weeks postpartum. Four weeks later, all mothers completed again the PBQ and were interviewed using the Birmingham Interview for Maternal Mental Health to establish the presence of a bonding disorder. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) value for the PBQ total score of 0.93, 95% CI [0.88, 0.98], with the optimal cut-off of 13 for detecting bonding disorders (sensitivity: 92%, specificity: 87%). Optimal cut-off scores for each scale were also obtained. The test-retest reliability coefficients were moderate to good. Our data confirm the validity of PBQ for detecting bonding disorders in Spanish population.

Introduction: Three previous individual participant data meta-analyses (IPDMAs) reported that, compared to the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID), alternative reference standards, primarily the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), tended to misclassify major depression status, when controlling for depression symptom severity. However, there was an important lack of precision in the results. Objective: To compare the odds of the major depression classification based on the SCID, CIDI, and MINI. Methods: We included and standardized data from 3 IPDMA databases. For each IPDMA, separately, we fitted binomial generalized linear mixed models to compare the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of major depression classification, controlling for symptom severity and characteristics of participants, and the interaction between interview and symptom severity. Next, we synthesized results using a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects meta-analysis. Results: In total, 69,405 participants (7,574 [11%] with major depression) from 212 studies were included. Controlling for symptom severity and participant characteristics, the MINI (74 studies; 25,749 participants) classified major depression more often than the SCID (108 studies; 21,953 participants; aOR 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.92]). Classification odds for the CIDI (30 studies; 21,703 participants) and the SCID did not differ overall (aOR 1.19; 95% CI 0.79-1.75); however, as screening scores increased, the aOR increased less for the CIDI than the SCID (interaction aOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52-0.80). Conclusions: Compared to the SCID, the MINI classified major depression more often. The odds of the depression classification with the CIDI increased less as symptom levels increased. Interpretation of research that uses diagnostic interviews to classify depression should consider the interview characteristics. © 2020

Objectives: A previous individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) identified differences in major depression classification rates between different diagnostic interviews, controlling for depressive symptoms on the basis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We aimed to determine whether similar results would be seen in a different population, using studies that administered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnancy or postpartum. Methods: Data accrued for an EPDS diagnostic accuracy IPDMA were analysed. Binomial generalised linear mixed models were fit to compare depression classification odds for the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID), controlling for EPDS scores and participant characteristics. Results: Among fully structured interviews, the MINI (15 studies, 2,532 participants, 342 major depression cases) classified depression more often than the CIDI (3 studies, 2,948 participants, 194 major depression cases; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.21, 11.43]). Compared with the semistructured SCID (28 studies, 7,403 participants, 1,027 major depression cases), odds with the CIDI (interaction aOR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.85, 0.92]) and MINI (interaction aOR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]) increased less as EPDS scores increased. Conclusion: Different interviews may not classify major depression equivalently., This study was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, KRS-140994). Ms. Levis was supported by a CIHR Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship Doctoral Awards. Ms. Rice was supported by a Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship. Dr. Wu was supported by an Utting Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Ms. Azar was supported by a Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé (FRQS) Masters Training Award. Mr. Bhandari was supported by a studentship from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre. The primary study by Alvarado et al. was supported by the Ministry of Health of Chile. The primary study by Barnes et al. was supported by a grant from the Health Foundation (1665/608). The primary study by Beck et al. was supported by the Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation and the University of Connecticut Research Foundation. The primary study by Helle et al. was supported by the Werner Otto Foundation, the Kroschke Foundation, and the Feindt Foundation. Prof. Robertas Bunevicius, MD, PhD (1958–2016) was principal investigator of the primary study by Bunevicius et al. but passed away and was unable to participate in this project. The primary study by Couto et al. was supported by the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq; Grant 444254/2014-5) and the Minas Gerais State Research Foundation (FAPEMIG; Grant APQ-01954-14). The primary study by Chaudron et al. was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (Grant K23 MH64476). The primary study by Figueira et al. was supported by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and by the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq; Grant 403433/2004-5). The primary study by de Figueiredo et al. was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. The primary study by Tissot et al. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant 32003B 125493). The primary study by Fernandes et al. was supported by grants from the Child: Care Health and Development Trust and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, and by the Ashok Ranganathan Bursary from Exeter College, University of Oxford. Dr. Fernandes was supported by a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) academic clinical fellowship. The primary study by Tendais et al. was supported under the project POCI/SAU-ESP/56397/2004 by the Operational Program Science and Innovation 2010 (POCI 2010) of the Community Support Board III and by the European Community Fund FEDER. The primary study by Fisher et al. was supported by a grant under the Invest to Grow Scheme from the Australian Government Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. The primary study by Garcia-Esteve et al. was supported by Grant 7/98 from the Ministerio de Trabajo y Asuntos Sociales, Women's Institute, Spain. The primary study by Howard et al. was supported by the NIHR under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme (Grants RP-PG-1210-12002 and RPDG-1108-10012) and by the South London Clinical Research Network. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health and Social Care. The primary study by Phillips et al. was supported by a scholarship from the National Health and Medical and Research Council (NHMRC). The primary study by Roomruangwong et al. was supported by the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund 2013 of Chulalongkorn University (CU-56-457-HR). The primary study by Naki c Radoš et al. was supported by the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education, and Sports. The primary study by Navarro et al. was supported by Grant 13/00 from the Ministry of Work and Social Affairs, Institute of Women, Spain. The primary study by Usuda et al. was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (primary investigator: Daisuke Nishi, MD, PhD) and by an Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders from the National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan. Dr. Robertson-Blackmore was supported by a Young Investigator Award from the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation and NIMH Grant K23MH080290. The primary study by Rochat et al. was supported by grants from University of Oxford (HQ5035), the Tuixen Foundation (9940), the Wellcome Trust (082384/Z/07/Z and 071571), and the American Psychological Association. Dr. Rochat receives salary support from a Wellcome Trust Intermediate Fellowship (211374/Z/18/Z). The primary study by Rowe et al. was supported by the diamond Consortium, beyondblue Victorian Centre of Excellence in Depression and Related Disorders. The primary study by Comasco et al. was supported by funds from the Swedish Research Council (VR: 521-2013-2339, VR: 523-2014-2342), the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (FAS: 2011-0627), the Marta Lundqvist Foundation (2013, 2014), and the Swedish Society of Medicine (SLS-331991). The primary study by Prenoveau et al. was supported by the Wellcome Trust (Grant 071571). The primary study by Stewart et al. was supported by Professor Francis Creed's Journal of Psychosomatic Research Editorship fund (BA00457) administered through University of Manchester. The primary study by Su et al. was supported by grants from the Department of Health (DOH94F044 and DOH95F022) and the China Medical University and Hospital (CMU94-105, DMR-92-92, and DMR94-46). The primary study by Tandon et al. was supported by the Thomas Wilson Sanitarium. The primary study by Tran et al. was supported by the Myer Foundation who funded the study under its Beyond Australia scheme. Dr. Tran was supported by an early career fellowship from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. The primary study by Vega-Dienstmaier et al. was supported by Tejada Family Foundation, Inc. and Peruvian-American Endowment, Inc. The primary study by Yonkers et al. was supported by a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant (5 R01HD045735). Drs. Benedetti and Thombs were supported by FRQS researcher salary awards.

Resumen Objetivos Presentar los pasos que se siguieron para conseguir el diagnostico de un paciente sin antecedentes conocidos y diagnosticado en otro centro de una masa sacra. Material y metodos Evaluacion retrospectiva de los hallazgos radiologicos y clinicos de las tecnicas diagnosticas realizadas en un paciente sin antecedentes conocidos y diagnosticado en otro centro de una masa sacra. Resultados Los resultados de las diferentes pruebas realizadas al paciente fueron las siguientes. Tomografia computarizada de torax-abdominal en la que se aprecian 2 masas paravertebrales con infiltrado en canal raquideo, una a nivel dorsal y otra a nivel sacro. En la analitica no se observan alteraciones significativas. No hay anemia ni leucocitosis. Tan solo destaca potasio de 3,5. Puncion aspirativa con aguja fina del hueso iliaco derecho: bloque celular con fragmentos de tejido compatible con medula osea. Biopsia de la masa paravertebral, con resultado de anatomia patologica de plasmicitoma. Resonancia magnetica con alteracion de senal en varios de los cuerpos vertebrales, y tambien se observan 2 masas de partes blandas a nivel dorsal y sacro, respectivamente. El diagnostico diferencial esta entre mieloma multiple o cualquier otro tipo de tumor de celulas plasmaticas. Conclusiones El estudio multimodal de tecnicas diagnosticas permite el estudio de la extension y el diagnostico definitivo de una masa inespecifica en la region sacra en un paciente sin antecedentes conocidos. Aunque realizadas de forma independiente, hay tecnicas que no son determinantes, el conjunto de todas ellas si lo es.

Resumen Objetivo El presente estudio pretende revisar los efectos adversos sobre la salud de los cannabinoides y los efectos subjetivos autoinformados por los consumidores. Material y metodos Se realiza una revision bibliografica de la literatura publicada sobre este tema. Resultados El consumo de cannabis produce taquicardia e hipotension postural a nivel cardiovascular. En el sistema respiratorio causa broncodilatacion y alteraciones histopatologicas. Los cannabinoides, ademas, alteran el sistema inmunologico y las hormonas sexuales a traves del eje hipotalamo-hipofiso-adrenal, y se relacionan con alteraciones frontales en el procesamiento de la informacion. En cuanto a los efectos informados por los consumidores, los mas esperados son relajacion y potenciacion del humor. Los menos esperados son complicaciones fisicas, sintomas psiquiatricos y deterioro sociolaboral. Conclusiones El uso de cannabis supone efectos adversos agudos y cronicos sobre la salud fisica y mental del consumidor. Los efectos esperados informados por los propios consumidores ponen de relieve el papel de las expectativas de estos efectos en los patrones de consumo de cannabinoides.

In this article we examine letters that three candidates for the office of Presidente of the Junta de Andalucía sent to voters in the final stages of the March 2000 elecciones autonómicas. Although part of the election ephemera, the letters reveal much about the candidates and their policies. Being direct appeals, the letters also focus on hopes, fears, ambitions and preoccupations shared by politicians and the electorate alike. The content of the letters provides some insights into each party’s perceptions of its own strengths and weaknesses while the candidates’ choice of language often reveals how they see their relationship with the electorate, their adversaries and political power. To this end, the skilful use of linguistic devices can often play a more important persuasive role than the content of the message itself, helping to increase the impact of texts such as these.

This chapter has two objectives. First, it provides an overview of the state of the art of the assistance of postpartum depression (PPD) in the context of the Spanish Health System. Second, it describes a study aimed to explore the differences between Spanish and Spanish-speaking Latin American immigrant (LAI) mothers in terms of rates of PPD and health behaviors. LAI mothers are socioeconomically disadvantaged; they are younger, have less support from their partner, and have more economic problems than Spanish mothers. Seventeen percent of the LAI mothers will develop PPD, and 11 % a major depressive episode in the postpartum period. They have an increased risk of PPD and poorer reproductive health habits (unplanned pregnancies and induced abortions) than Spanish mothers, with the exception of the preference for breast-feeding. Given the vulnerability of LAI mothers living in Spain, efforts to address their psychosocial and perinatal mental health needs should be addressed by healthcare providers at all levels.

[ES] El objetivo del proyecto es el diseño de un equipo de ósmosis inversa para la producción de agua potable a partir de agua salobre. El caso que se plantea para el uso de este equipo es el de un camping situado en una zona veraniega junto al litoral mediterráneo, concretamente en Daimuz, que llegadas las temporadas altas necesita abastecer a un mayor número de personas. La capacidad de producción del equipo es de 140 m3/día. Teniendo en cuenta que el consumo medio es de 160 L/d y habitante, la instalación será capaz de abastecer a 900 personas. Cabe destacar que en el municipio la población censada es de 3.068 habitantes, sin embargo hay que tener en cuenta que el número de turistas que llegan a la población pueden duplicar la población censada, lo cual hace que esta instalación pueda suponer un alivio en cuanto a la demanda total veraniega. El agua producto deberá poseer las características exigidas por el RD 140/2003 para el abastecimiento de agua de consumo humano.

Resumen tomado de la publicación Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo de Frost en mujeres. Este estudio instrumental se diseñó para estudiar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Escala Multidimensional de Perfeccionismo de Frost (FMPS). La muestra total fue de 582 mujeres, estudiantes universitarias, con una edad media de 21,68 años (DT= 4,45). Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio identificaron los seis factores propuestos por Frost et al. (1990) como la mejor estructura factorial, con índices de ajuste aceptables. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue de ,93 para la puntuación total del FMPS, y entre ,71 y ,91 para las diferentes subescalas. La fiabilidad test-retest sugirió una buena estabilidad temporal de la puntuación total del FMPS [CCI= 0.89 (95 por ciento IC= ,80-,94)] y de sus subescalas. Se observaron asociaciones de moderadas a fuertes entre la versión española del FMPS y otras medidas de perfeccionismo. La versión española del FMPS ha mostrado buenas propiedades psicométricas para ser aplicada en mujeres. Futuras investigaciones deberían replicar estos hallazgos en muestras más amplias, en población clínica y utilizar diseños longitudinales para determinar si el perfeccionismo es un factor de riesgo para la psicopatología en las mujeres. Asturias Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Asturias; Calle Ildefonso Sánchez del Río, 4-1 B; 33001 Oviedo; Tel. +34985285778; Fax +34985281374; Universidad de Oviedo. Facultad de Psicología; Plaza Feijoo, s. n.; 33003 Oviedo; Tel. +34985104146; Fax +34985104126; ESP

Objetivos: Esta investigación tiene como objetivos principales determinar la prevalencia del Trastorno de Estrés Agudo (TEA) en mujeres víctimas de una agresión sexual reciente, identificar los factores de riesgo implicados en su desarrollo y evaluar las diferencias (sociodemográficas, psicopatológicas, en la modalidad de la agresión sexual, las reacciones peritraumática, la prevalencia del TEA y la intensidad de sus síntomas) entre las mujeres con recuerdo parcial o total (memoria) del episodio de la agresión sexual y las que tienen incapacidad de recordar (amnesia). Metodología: Estudio prospectivo de un mes de seguimiento en una población de 156 mujeres mayores de 18 años víctimas de una agresión sexual reciente y que han sido atendidas en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Hoja de Recogida de Variables Clínicas (HRVC, ad hoc), el Cuestionario de Disociación en Urgencias (CDU, ad hoc), el Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI, Brunet et al., 2001), el Cuestionario Sociodemográfico (CSD, ad hoc), la Hoja de Recogida de Variables de la Agresión (HRVA, ad hoc), el Acute Stress Disorder Interview (ASDI, Bryant, Hervey, Dang, & Sackville, 1998), la Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas del Trastorno de Estrés Agudo (EGSTEA, adaptado de Echeburúa, Corral, Amor, Zubizarreta, & Sarasua, 1997), el State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), el Early Trauma Inventory Self Report -Short Form (ETISF-SF, Bremner, Bolus, & Mayer, 2007) y la Escala de Evaluación de Estrés y Apoyo Social. Resultados: El 59.6% (DSM-IV-TR) y el 66.7% (DSM-5) de las mujeres víctimas de una agresión sexual reciente desarrollaron el TEA. Los factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo del TEA fueron haber experimentado disociación peritraumática, ser extranjera, tener antecedentes psiquiátricos y que la agresión sexual fuese través de la penetración. Las mujeres con memoria del episodio de la agresión sexual se diferenciaron de las que tenían amnesia por el tipo de sumisión, el tipo de agresión, el tipo de agresor, el lugar de la agresión, el tipo de consumo de sustancias, el consumo simultáneo de sustancias y por la reacción peritraumática. La prevalencia del TEA y la intensidad en los síntomas de reexperimentación e hiperactivación fue mayor en las mujeres con memoria del episodio de la agresión sexual. Conclusiones: Las mujeres víctimas de una agresión sexual reciente se encuentran en alto riesgo de presentar TEA. La nacionalidad extranjera, los antecedentes psiquiátricos, la disociación peritraumática y la penetración permiten identificar a las mujeres vulnerables para desarrollar un TEA. Las mujeres que no recuerdan el episodio de agresión sexual presentan características de la agresión distintas a las mujeres que recuerdan el episodio, lo cual se vincula con el desarrollo del TEA. El recuerdo del episodio de la agresión sexual se asocia con mayor prevalencia del TEA y más intensidad en los síntomas de reexperimentación e hiperactivación., Objectives: This research has as main objectives to determine the prevalence of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) in women victims of recent sexual assault, and to identify the risk factors involved in its development. As well as assessing the differences (sociodemographic, psychopathological, of the sexual assault modality, peritraumatic reaction, prevalence of ASD, and intensity of your symptoms) among women with partial or total recall (memory) of the episode of sexual assault and those who are unable to remember (amnesia). Methodology: A prospective one-month follow-up study with 156 women over the age of 18, who were victims of recent sexual assault, and which have been treated in the Emergency Department of Hospital Clínic of Barcelona. The instruments used were Psychological and Psychopathological Clinical Data (HRVC, ad hoc), the Dissociation Questionnaire in Emergencies (CDU, ad hoc), the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI, Brunet et al., 2001), the Sociodemographic Questionnaire (CSD, ad hoc), the Sheet of collection of variables of sexual assault (HRVA, ad hoc), the Acute Stress Disorder Interview (ASDI, Bryant, Hervey, Dang, & Sackville, 1998), the Acute Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Scale (EGSTEA, adapted from Echeburúa, Corral, Amor, Zubizarreta, & Sarasua, 1997), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI, Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), the Early Trauma Inventory Self Report -Short Form (ETISF-SF, Bremner, Bolus, & Mayer, 2007), and the Scale for the Evaluation of Stress-Social Support (EEEAS, Conde & Franch, 1984). Results: 59.6% (DSM-IV-TR) and 66.7% (DSM-5) of women victims of recent sexual assault developed ASD. The risk factors associated with the development of ASD were found to contain the following elements: to have experienced peritraumatic dissociation, to be foreign, to have a psychiatric history and to be sexually assaulted through penetration. Women with memory of the episode of sexual assault differed from those who presented amnesia for type of submission, type of aggression, type of aggressor, place of aggression, type of substance use, simultaneous consumption of substances and peritraumatic reaction. The prevalence of ASD and the intensity of reexperiencing and arousal symptoms were higher in women with memory of the episode of sexual assault than women who experience amnesia of the episode. Conclusions: Women who are victims of recent sexual assault are at high risk of developing ASD. Detecting information concerning risk factors such as foreign nationality, psychiatric history, peritraumatic dissociation and penetration allow the identification of vulnerable women for the development of ASD. Women who do not remember the episode of sexual assault have characteristics of aggression other than women who remember the episode, which is linked to the development of ASD. Having memory of the sexual assault episode is associated with a higher prevalence of ASD and more intense arousal and reexperiencing symptoms in comparison with