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1. Pharmacological Therapy of Osteoporosis: What’s New?

Author

Iolascon G, Moretti A, Toro G, Gimigliano F, Liguori S, and Paoletta M

Subjects
osteoporosis, sequential therapy, antiresorptive drugs, bone anabolic drugs, abaloparatide, romosozumab, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Giovanni Iolascon,1 Antimo Moretti,1 Giuseppe Toro,1 Francesca Gimigliano,2 Sara Liguori,1 Marco Paoletta1 1Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy; 2Department of Physical and Mental Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, ItalyCorrespondence: Antimo MorettiDepartment of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, ItalyEmail antimomor.83@hotmail.itAbstract: Osteoporosis and fragility fractures are relevant health issues because of their impact in terms of morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Despite this alarming scenario, both underdiagnosis and undertreatment are common features of osteoporotic patients, particularly those who have already sustained a fragility fracture. Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis is the main treatment option for these patients because of strong evidence about the efficacy of available drugs targeting bone metabolism. However, several issues can interfere with the effectiveness of anti-osteoporotic drugs in clinical practice, such as lack of awareness of both healthcare providers and patients, poor adherence to therapy, and safety in long-term treatment. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies have been proposed to overcome these problems, such as sequential therapy or emerging molecules mainly targeting the stimulation of bone formation. In particular, abaloparatide has been demonstrated to reduce major nonvertebral fracture risk compared with both placebo and teriparatide, although the European Medicines Agency (EMA) refused the marketing authorization because the benefits of this drug did not outweigh its risks. On the other side, EMA has recently approved romosozumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against sclerostin and the only available therapeutic option targeting Wnt signaling, as both bone-forming and antiresorptive intervention to treat osteoporosis and fragility fractures.Keywords: osteoporosis, sequential therapy, antiresorptive drugs, bone anabolic drugs, abaloparatide, romosozumab

Published
2020

3. Fluid pressurisation and earthquake propagation in the Hikurangi subduction zone

Author

Aretusini, S., Meneghini, F., Spagnuolo, E., Harbord, C. W., and Di Toro, G.

Subjects
Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

In subduction zones, seismic slip at shallow crustal depths can lead to the generation of tsunamis. Large slip displacements during tsunamogenic earthquakes are attributed to the low coseismic shear strength of the fluid-saturated and non-lithified clay-rich fault rocks. However, because of experimental challenges in confining these materials, the physical processes responsible of the coseismic reduction in fault shear strength are poorly understood. Using a novel experimental setup, we measured pore fluid pressure during simulated seismic slip in clay-rich materials sampled from the deep oceanic drilling of the P\=apaku thrust (Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand). Here we show that at seismic velocity, shear-induced dilatancy is followed by pressurisation of fluids. The thermal and mechanical pressurisation of fluids, enhanced by the low permeability of the fault, reduces the energy required to propagate earthquake rupture. We suggest that fluid-saturated clay-rich sediments, occurring at shallow depth in subduction zones, can promote earthquake rupture propagation and slip because of their low permeability and tendency to pressurise when sheared at seismic slip velocities., Comment: Accepted version of the manuscript

Published
2021
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4. Demencia con cuerpos de Lewy

Author

Jaime Toro G.

Subjects
Demencias, Demencias con cuerpos de Lewy., Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

La demencia con cuerpos de Lewy se considera la segunda causa de las demencias degenerativas. Casi un 30% de los ancianos entre los 60 y 90 años de edad presenta este tipo de demencia. Esta patología comparte algunas características con la Enfermedad de Alzheimer y con la Enfermedad de Parkinson, no obstante está más relacio- nada con esta última. Las causas de la enfermedad no se han establecido aún, sin embargo la enfermedad ha sido asociada al gen PARK 11

Published
2023

6. Development of a new bridge management system for Colombia

Author

Correal, J.F., primary, Reyes, J.C., additional, Ramirez, F., additional, Medaglia, A.M., additional, Guzmán, L.A., additional, Prada, E., additional, Echeverry, J.S., additional, Muñoz, E., additional, Gonzalez, S., additional, Vargas-Luna, A., additional, Nuñez, F., additional, Toro, G., additional, Gutierrez, G., additional, Merchán, S.D., additional, Sierra, F.D., additional, Villamizar, A.M., additional, and Rios, D.R., additional

Published
2022
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9. Multiple Seismic Slip‐Rate Pulses and Mechanical and Textural Evolution of Calcite‐Bearing Fault Gouges.

Author

Cornelio, C., Aretusini, S., Spagnuolo, E., Di Toro, G., and Cocco, M.

Subjects
FAULT gouge, ROCK deformation, ROCKSLIDES, MECHANICAL energy, GRAIN size, SURFACE fault ruptures, FAULT zones
Abstract

Natural fault zones are complex, spatially heterogeneous systems. Rock deformation experimental studies simplify the complexity of natural fault zones either as a surface discontinuity between intact rocks (bare‐rock surfaces) or as a few mm‐thick gouge layer. However, depending on the simplified fault type and its slip history, the response to applied deformation can vary. In this work, we conduct laboratory experiments for investigating the evolution of mechanical parameters of simulated faults made of calcite gouge subjected to multiple (four) identical seismic slip‐rate pulses. We observed that, as the number of applied slip‐rate pulses increased, (a) initial friction and steady‐state friction remained approximatively constant, (b) peak friction and normalized strength excess increased and, (c) the slip distances to achieve peak and steady‐state friction, Da and Dc, decreased. The greatest changes occurred between the first and the second slip‐rate pulse. From this pulse onward, the dissipated energy of the calcite gouge fault was similar to those obtained in bare‐rock surfaces experiments. Microstructural analysis showed that, strain is localized in up to two (recrystallized) principal slip zones (PSZ) with sub‐micrometric grain size, surrounded by low porosity sintered and non‐sintered comminuted gouge domains. We conclude that previous seismic slip episodes impact on both the structure and the strain localization processes within a fault, contributing to its shear fabric evolution. We highlight that the strain localization process identifies the PSZ, dissipating the least amount of energy within the entire experimental fault zone. Plain Language Summary: Earthquakes are caused by the propagation of seismic ruptures and sliding of rocks along geological structures called faults. Within the fault, seismic ruptures propagate in mm‐cm thick slip zones that cut cm‐ to meters‐thick fault cores. Both slip zones and fault cores typically exhibit microstructural assemblages different from those of nearby rocks. Laboratory experiments are used to investigate the processes that result in the decrease of fault strength with slip and slip‐rate and govern seismic rupture propagation. However, experiments are performed on simplified fault cores consisting of either a surface discontinuity between intact rocks (i.e., slip zone = "bare‐rock surfaces") or a mm‐thick layer of powdered rocks (i.e., slip zone in a "fault gouge"). In this work, we investigate how slip zones form and evolve in an experimental fault (gouge) core depending on seismic slip history. We apply repeated pulses of seismic slip and show that (a) in the first pulse a slip zone with similar microstructure and friction properties to bare‐rock is formed, (b) in subsequent pulses these slip zones are abandoned and new slip zones are formed in the fault core. Notably, these structural changes, occur to minimize the mechanical energy dissipated in the FC. Key Points: Friction experiments applying up to four consecutive seismic slip‐rate pulses (1 m/s), in fault gouge and bare‐rock surfacesThe greatest changes in dissipated energy occurred between the first and the second slip‐rate pulseStrain localization in the principal slip zones minimizes the energy dissipated within the whole experimental fault zone [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Melting of fault gouge at shallow depth during the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China

Author

Wang, H., H. B., Li, Di Toro, G., Kuo, L. -W., Spagnuolo, E., Aretusini, S., J. L., Si, and Song, S. -R.

Subjects
fault, friction melting, Wenchuan, earthquake, fault, friction melting, pseudotachylyte, Wenchuan, earthquake, Geology, pseudotachylyte
Abstract

Typical rocks at shallow depths of seismogenic faults are fluid-rich gouges. During earthquakes, on-fault frictional heating may trigger thermal pressurization and dynamic fault weakening. We show that frictional melting, rather than thermal pressurization, occurred at shallow depths during the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China. One year after the Wenchuan earthquake, we found an ~2-mm-thick, glass-bearing pseudotachylyte (solidified frictional melt) in the fault gouges retrieved at 732.6 m depth from the first borehole of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project. The matrix of pseudotachylyte is enriched in barium and cut by barite-bearing veins, which provide evidence of co- and postseismic fluid percolation. Because pseudotachylyte can be rapidly altered in the presence of percolating fluids, its preservation suggests that gouge melting occurred in a recent large earthquake, possibly the Wenchuan earthquake. Rock friction experiments on fluid-rich fault gouges deformed at conditions expected for seismic slip at borehole depths showed the generation of pseudotachylytes. This result, along with the presence of a second slip zone attributed to the Wenchuan earthquake at 589.2 m depth, implies that during large earthquakes, frictional melting can occur at shallow depths and that seismic slip can be accommodated by multiple faults. This conclusion is consistent with the evidence from surface faulting that multiple ruptures propagated during the Wenchuan earthquake.

Published
2023

15. Qué se debe saber en esclerosis múltiple: 16 preguntas prácticas

Author

Jaime Toro G, Jorge Patiño, Saúl Reyes, Juan Sebastián Rivera, Jorge Ríos, and Daniel Noriega

Subjects
dieta, esclerosis múltiple, terapia, vacunación (DeCS), Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es la más frecuente de las enfermedades desmielinizantes del sistema nervioso central. Se trata de una patología compleja, con mecanismos fisiopatológicos aún no elucidados completamente y una presentación clínica variada. Es una entidad crónica, de alto costo para el sistema de salud, y usualmente se asocia a una importante discapacidad en los pacientes afectados. No existe una cura para la EM, sin embargo, se cuenta con más de 13 terapias modificadoras de la enfermedad que actúan en distintas dianas terapéuticas, enlentecen la progresión y mejoran el pronóstico. El objetivo de este escrito es presentar una actualización de EM, a través de 16 preguntas y temas controversiales. Estos 16 puntos responden a dudas puntuales y actuales, son presentados, analizados y, en los casos en los que la evidencia lo permite, se plantean recomendaciones. Las preguntas abordadas incluyen temas como diagnóstico, tratamiento, uso de nuevas tecnologías y manejo de los efectos adversos. Este escrito está destinado a neurólogos, médicos generales, residentes de neurología y cualquier profesional interesado en las enfermedades desmielinizantes.

Published
2019
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16. Osteosarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus in post-menopausal women: a case-control study

Author

Moretti A., Palomba A., Gimigliano F., Paoletta M., Liguori S., Zanfardino F., Toro G., Iolascon G., Moretti, Antimo, Palomba, Angela, Gimigliano, Francesca, Paoletta, Marco, Liguori, Sara, Zanfardino, Francesco, Toro, Giuseppe, Iolascon, Giovanni, Moretti, A., Palomba, A., Gimigliano, F., Paoletta, M., Liguori, S., Zanfardino, F., Toro, G., and Iolascon, G.

Subjects
osteosarcopenia, sarcopenia, diabetes mellitu, osteoporosi, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, General, osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, diabetes mellitus
Abstract

Background Osteosarcopenia has been defined as the concomitance of low bone density (osteopenia/osteoporosis) and sarcopenia. Osteoporosis is characterized by alterations in bone microarchitecture and decrease of bone mineral density (BMD), whereas sarcopenia is the progressive decrease of both muscle mass and function that increase the risk of falls. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with poor bone strength and muscle wasting. Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the association between osteosarcopenia and T2DM in post-menopausal women (PMW). Methods We performed an age matched case-control study (1:2 ratio), considering as cases PMW affected by T2DM, and PMW without T2DM as control group. For all patients a DXA evaluation to investigate bone density and body composition measures were performed. Moreover, we carried out muscle strength and performance assessments. Outcome measures were femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD T-scores, appendicular lean mass (ALM), handgrip strength and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Data from both groups were analyzed and compared. Results Thirty-six PMW (12 T2DM vs 24 non-T2DM) were recruited. The frequency of osteosarcopenia was significantly higher in the T2DM group compared to controls (50% vs 17%; OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.05 to 23.79, p = 0.043). Handgrip strength was significantly lower in the T2DM group (10.09 ± 4.02 kg vs 18.40 ± 6.83 kg; p = 0.001). Conclusions Post-menopausal women with T2DM have a 5 times higher risk to have osteosarcopenia compared to non-diabetic ones. Further studies on larger cohorts are required to confirm these findings.

Published
2022

20. Estudio teórico de la adsorción de moléculas de catequina, quercetina y ácido gálico sobre hierro como potenciales inhibidores de corrosión: simulación computacional

Author

H Córdova, Carlos. and La Rosa-Toro G., Adolfo

Subjects
Corrosion, inhibitor, Inhibidor, Polifenoles, Corrosión, Antioxidante, TDF, Antioxidant, DFT, polyphenols
Abstract

RESUMEN El estudio de biomoléculas extraídas a partir de productos naturales está cobrando cada vez más importancia en la evaluación de diferentes propiedades tales como las antioxidantes, aquellas que tienen la capacidad de inhibir la corrosión. El presente trabajo muestra los estudios computacionales realizados para evaluar principalmente tres moléculas polifenólicas, como son la catequina, la quercetina y el ácido gálico en su potencial efecto antioxidante, así como las posibles interacciones ante un sustrato de hierro que simula su estructura cristalina cúbica centrada en el cuerpo. Las moléculas polifenólicas fueron estudiadas mediante simulación computacional utilizando la teoría de la densidad funcional (DFT). Fueron optimizadas por el software Gaussian 09, por los cálculos del Estudio de Teoría Funcional de la Densidad (DFT), con el funcional B3LYP (tres parámetros híbrido de funcional Becke y Lee-Yang- Para) y conjunto de bases 6 -31G. Para el diseño de la celda unitaria de hierro se utilizó el software Vesta. Para la construcción de una red de celdas de hierro que simularía una superficie de acero de bajo carbono se utilizó el software Chemcraft. Para los cálculos de distribución de densidad de cargas de Mulliken de las moléculas polifenólicas se utilizó el software Spartan. En los cálculos computacionales se obtuvieron los gaps energéticos de las moléculas de ácido gálico (-4.71eV), catequina (-4.30eV) y quercetina (-3.73Ev). ABSTRACT The study of molecules extracted from natural products is becoming increasingly important for the evaluation of different properties such as antioxidant or corrosion inhibitor. The present work presents the computational studies carried out to evaluate mainly three polyphenolic molecules, such as catechin, quercetin and gallic acid, in their potential antioxidant activity, as well as the possible interactions with an iron substrate simulating its cubic crystalline structure centered on the body. The polyphenolic molecules were studied by computer simulation using Density Functional Theory (DFT). They were optimized by the Gaussian 09 software, by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, with the B3LYP functional (three hybrid parameters of the Becke and Lee-Yang-Para functional) and the set of bases 6-31G. The Vesta software was used to design the iron unit cell. Chemcraft software was used to construct a network of iron cells simulating a low carbon steel surface. Spartan software was used to calculate the Mulliken charge density distribution of the polyphenolic molecules. In the computational calculations, the energetic gaps of the molecules of gallic acid (-4.71 eV), catechin (-4.30eV) and quercetin (-3.73Ev) will be compared.

Published
2022

22. Preliminary report in treatment of proximal humeral fracture with closed reduction and DOS external fixation System: a multicentric study

Author

Scaravilli G, Mercurio J, Grazioli A, Gioia C, D’Arienzo A, Toro G, Galvano N, Monteleone G, Battaglini G, Di Santo F, Sepe S, Pagliuca S, Cesarano E, Mastrobuono G, Italiano M, D’Arienzo M, Maniscalco P, Ciatti C, Di Maggio B., Scaravilli, G, Mercurio, J, Grazioli, A, Gioia, C, D’Arienzo, A, Toro, G, Galvano, N, Monteleone, G, Battaglini, G, Di Santo, F, Sepe, S, Pagliuca, S, Cesarano, E, Mastrobuono, G, Italiano, M, D’Arienzo, M, Maniscalco, P, Ciatti, C, and Di Maggio, B.

Abstract

Introduction: Proximal humerus fractures are the seventh most frequent fracture in adults, and the third in patients over 65 years old, 5.7% of whole diagnosed fractures. Most of these fractures can be treated conservatively and achieve good results. However, more and more frequently we are confronted with dislo-cated and multifragmentary fractures, and with elderly and high functional demanding patients. In patients with osteoporosis and poor general conditions external fixation can be performed as rapid and mininvasive procedure with good outcome and low complication rates. The authors investigated the use of external fixa-tion in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. The objective is to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method as a valid alternative to other surgical techniques. Materials and Methods: A multicentre study was conducted at 7 hospitals in Italy from 2014 through 2018. We recruited all proximal humeral fractures (as classified with the Neer system) that are surgically treated with the same external fixator DOS, for a total of 110 patients, evaluated later with Oxford Shoulder Scale (OSS) and disability of the arm, shoulder and hand score (DASH) at 1, 2 and 6 months. Results:The patients have passed from a score of 75,37 in the first month to a score of 29,47in the sixth month at the DASH and from 47,02 to 27,71 at the OSS. The data further confirm the increased incidence of these fractures in women and in a mean age of about 65. Conclusions:Al-though it does not represent the golden standard in the treatment of fractures of the proximal humerus, in our experience the minimal osteosynthesis with external fixator turned out to be a very valid help especially for the simplicity and speed of the method, as well as for the exciting functional results. sometimes superior to other methods. The preliminary results from the different centers have confirmed this hypothesis. We hope this will be a good starting point for further in-depth studies.

Published
2022

23. Efficacy and Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Patients with Myofascial Pain or Fibromyalgia: A Scoping Review

Author

Paoletta M, Moretti A, Liguori S, Toro G, Gimigliano F, Iolascon G., Paoletta, M, Moretti, A, Liguori, S, Toro, G, Gimigliano, F, and Iolascon, G.

Subjects
neck pain, pressure pain threshold, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, musculoskeletal pain, trigger point, rehabilitation
Abstract

Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are underestimated painful musculoskeletal conditions that could impact function and quality of life. A consensus about the most appropriate therapeutic approach is still not reached. Considering the long course of the diseases, prolonged assumption of drugs, such as NSAIDs and pain killers, could increase the risk of adverse events, often leading affected patients and physicians to prefer non-pharmacological approaches. Among these, radial and focused extracorporeal shock waves therapies (ESWT) are widely used in the management of painful musculoskeletal conditions, despite the fact that the mechanisms of action in the context of pain modulation should be further clarified. We performed a scoping review on PubMed using Mesh terms for analyzing the current evidence about the efficacy and effectiveness of ESWT for patients with MPS or FM. We included 19 clinical studies (randomized controlled trials and observational studies); 12 used radial ESWT, and 7 used focused ESWT for MPS. Qualitative analysis suggests a beneficial role of ESWT for improving clinical and functional outcomes in people with MPS, whereas no evidence was found for FM. Considering this research gap, we finally suggested a therapeutic protocol for this latter condition according to the most recent diagnostic criteria.

Published
2022

24. Frictional melting in hydrothermal fluid–rich faults: Field and experimental evidence from the Bolfín Fault Zone (Chile)

Author

Gomila, R, Fondriest, M, Jensen, E, Spagnuolo, E, Masoch, S, Mitchell, T, Magnarini, G, Bistacchi, A, Mittempergher, S, Faulkner, D, Cembrano, J, Di Toro, G, Gomila, R., Fondriest, M., Jensen, E., Spagnuolo, E., Masoch, S., Mitchell, T. M., Magnarini, G., Bistacchi, A., Mittempergher, S., Faulkner, D., Cembrano, J., Di Toro, G., Gomila, R, Fondriest, M, Jensen, E, Spagnuolo, E, Masoch, S, Mitchell, T, Magnarini, G, Bistacchi, A, Mittempergher, S, Faulkner, D, Cembrano, J, Di Toro, G, Gomila, R., Fondriest, M., Jensen, E., Spagnuolo, E., Masoch, S., Mitchell, T. M., Magnarini, G., Bistacchi, A., Mittempergher, S., Faulkner, D., Cembrano, J., and Di Toro, G.

Abstract

Tectonic pseudotachylytes are thought to be unique to certain water–deficient seismogenic environments and their presence is considered to be rare in the geological record. Here, we present field and experimental evidence that frictional melting can occur in hydrothermal fluid–rich faults hosted in the continental crust. Pseudotachylytes were found in the > 40 km–long Bolfín Fault Zone of the Atacama Fault System, within two ca. 1 m–thick (ultra)cataclastic strands hosted in a damage–zone made of chlorite–epidote–rich hydrothermally altered tonalite. This alteration state indicates that hydrothermal fluids were active during the fault development. Pseudotachylytes, characterized by presenting amygdales, cut and are cut by chlorite–, epidote– and calcite–bearing veins. In turn, crosscutting relationship with the hydrothermal veins indicates pseudotachylytes were formed during this period of fluid activity. Rotary shear experiments conducted on bare surfaces of hydrothermally altered rocks at seismic slip velocities (3 m s-1) resulted in the production of vesiculated pseudotachylytes both at dry and water–pressurized conditions, with melt lubrication as the primary mechanism for fault dynamic weakening. The presented evidence challenges the common hypothesis that pseudotachylytes are limited to fluid–deficient environments, and gives insights into the ancient seismic activity of the system. Both field observations and experimental evidence, indicate that pseudotachylytes may easily be produced in hydrothermal environments, and could be a common co–seismic fault product. Consequently, melt lubrication could be considered one of the most efficient seismic dynamic weakening mechanisms in crystalline basement rocks of the continental crust.

Published
2021

25. Electrochemical study of the removal of Cd(II) Ions in aqueous solutions using activated carbon obtained from orange peel

Author

La Rosa-Toro G, Adolfo, Cardenas Riojas, Andy A., Calderon Zavaleta, Sandy L., Quiroz Aguinaga, Ulises, and Muedas Taipe, Golfer

Subjects
carbón activado, orange peel, electrochemistry, removal, remoción, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, electroquímica, activated carbon, Cd(II) ions, iones Cd(II), cáscara de naranja, General Environmental Science
Abstract

RESUMEN El aprovechamiento de desechos vegetales para la obtención de carbón activado se ha empleado en los últimos años para la remoción de contaminantes metálicos pesados en aguas. Por ello, este estudio presenta la obtención de carbón activado a partir de cáscara de naranja (CACN) reciclada, sintetizado por dos procesos de activación y luego tratamiento térmico, para la remoción de iones cadmio, Cd(II), debido a su toxicidad alta. Las caracterizaciones por espectroscopía Raman y FTIR, indicaron la presencia de los grupos funcionales característicos del carbón. La evaluación del área superficial calculada por el método BET (Brunauer- Emmett-Teller), arrojó un área superficial específica de 154,96 m2.g-1 y una distribución de tamaño de poro de 6,70 nm y 12,39 nm calculada por el método de BJH (Barrett-Joyner- Halenda). El proceso de remoción en diferentes electrólitos soportes, se evaluó por el método electroquímico de voltamperometría de onda cuadrada (VOC), obteniéndose como electrólito óptimo para la remoción 0,1 mol.L-1 HCl. Además, el estudio del proceso cinético llevado a cabo en un tiempo de 6 horas, alcanzó una capacidad de remoción (qe) de Cd(II) de 7,52 g.g-1 y un porcentaje de remoción (%R) de 60%. Este estudio establece que el proceso de adsorción del Cd(II) por el CACN, sigue un modelo de pseudo primer orden, representado por Log(qmax - qt) = 0,94 - 0,0024t con r2 = 0,9134. ABSTRACT The use of vegetable waste to obtain activated carbon has been used in recent years for the removal of heavy metal contaminants in water. For this reason, this study presents the obtaining of activated carbon from recycled orange peel (OPAC), synthesized by two activation processes and then thermal treatment, for the removal of cadmium ions, Cd(II), due to its high toxicity. Characterizations by Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy indicated the presence of characteristic functional groups of carbon. The evaluation of the surface area calculated by the BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) method, yielded a specific surface area of 154,96 m2.g-1 and a pore size distribution of 6,70 nm and 12,39 nm calculated by the BJH method (Barrett-Joyner-Halenda). The removal process in different supporting electrolytes was evaluated by the electrochemical method of square wave voltammetry (SWV), obtaining 0,1 mol.L-1 HCl as the optimal electrolyte for removal. In addition, the study of the kinetic process carried out in a time of 6 hours, reached a removal capacity (qe) of Cd(II) of 7,52 g.g-1 and a removal percentage (%R) of 60%. This study establishes that the Cd(II) adsorption process by OPAC follows a pseudo first order model, represented by Log(qmax - qt) = 0,94 - 0,0024t with r2 = 0,9134.

Published
2022

29. Structural Complexity and Mechanics of a Shallow Crustal Seismogenic Source (Vado di Corno Fault Zone, Italy)

Author

Fondriest, M, Balsamo, F, Bistacchi, A, Clemenzi, L, Demurtas, M, Storti, F, Di Toro, G, Fondriest M., Balsamo F., Bistacchi A., Clemenzi L., Demurtas M., Storti F., Di Toro G., Fondriest, M, Balsamo, F, Bistacchi, A, Clemenzi, L, Demurtas, M, Storti, F, Di Toro, G, Fondriest M., Balsamo F., Bistacchi A., Clemenzi L., Demurtas M., Storti F., and Di Toro G.

Abstract

The mechanics and seismogenic behavior of fault zones are strongly influenced by their internal structure. In this perspective, the internal structure of the extensional seismically active Vado di Corno Fault Zone (VCFZ, Central Apennines, Italy) was quantified by combining high-resolution structural mapping with 3-D fault network analysis over ∼2 km along fault strike. The fault zone was exhumed from ∼2 km depth in carbonate rocks, accommodated 1.5–2 km of extensional throw since Early Pleistocene, and cuts through the Pliocene Omo Morto Thrust Zone (OMTZ) with partial reactivation in extension. The exceptional exposure of the footwall block allowed us to reconstruct in detail the geometry of the OMTZ and quantify the spatial arrangement of master/subsidiary faults and fault zone rocks within the extensional VCFZ. The combination of the structural map and the 3-D fault network with kinematic and topological analyses pointed out the crucial role of the older thrust geometry (i.e., lateral ramps) in controlling the along-strike segmentation and slip distribution of the VCFZ. These observations were discussed in the framework of regional extension through a slip tendency analysis and a simplified mechanical model, which suggest the activation of oblique inherited structures during the lateral propagation of the VCFZ segments. The interaction of the VCFZ with the OMTZ generated along strike and possibly downdip mechanical asperities. Considering the exhumed VCFZ as an analog for the shallow structure of other seismic sources in the Central Apennines, similar settings could play first-order control on the spatio-temporal evolution and rupture heterogeneity of earthquakes in the region.

Published
2020

30. IMPACT-Global Hip Fracture Audit: Nosocomial infection, risk prediction and prognostication, minimum reporting standards and global collaborative audit. Lessons from an international multicentre study of 7,090 patients conducted in 14 nations during the COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Hall, A, Clement, N, Ojeda-Thies, C, Maclullich, A, Toro, G, Johansen, A, White, T, Duckworth, A, Abdul-Jabar, H, Abu-Rajab, R, Abugarja, A, Adam, K, Aguado Hernández, H, Améstica Lazcano, G, Anderson, S, Ansar, M, Antrobus, J, Aragón Achig, E, Archunan, M, Arrieta Salinas, M, Ashford-Wilson, S, Assens Gibert, C, Athanasopoulou, K, Awadelkarim, M, Baird, S, Bajada, S, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, S, Ballantyne, J, Bárcena Goitiandia, L, Barkham, B, Barmpagianni, C, Barres-Carsi, M, Barrett, S, Baskaran, D, Bell, J, Bell, K, Bell, S, Bellelli, G, Benchimol, J, Boietti, B, Boswell, S, Braile, A, Brennan, C, Brent, L, Brooke, B, Bruno, G, Burahee, A, Burns, S, Calabrò, G, Campbell, L, Carabelli, G, Carnegie, C, Carretero Cristobal, G, Caruana, E, Cassinello Ogea, M, Castellanos Robles, J, Castillon, P, Chakrabarti, A, Cecere, A, Chen, P, Clarke, J, Collins, G, Corrales Cardenal, J, Corsi, M, Cózar Adelantado, G, Craxford, S, Crooks, M, Cuarental-García, J, Cuthbert, R, Dall, G, Daskalakis, I, De Cicco, A, Diana, D, Demaria, P, Dereix, J, Díaz Jiménez, J, Dinamarca Montecinos, J, Do Le, H, Donoso Coppa, J, Drosos, G, Duffy, A, East, J, Eastwood, D, Elbahari, H, Elias de Molins Peña, C, Elmamoun, M, Emmerson, B, Escobar Sánchez, D, Faimali, M, Farré-Mercadé, M, Farrow, L, Fayez, A, Fell, A, Fenner, C, Ferguson, D, Finlayson, L, Flores Gómez, A, Freeman, N, French, J, Gabardo Calvo, S, Gagliardo, N, Garcia Albiñana, J, García Cruz, G, García de Cortázar Antolín, U, García Virto, V, Gealy, S, Gil Caballero, S, Gill, M, González González, M, Gopireddy, R, Guntley, D, Gurung, B, Guzmán Rosales, G, Haddad, N, Hafeez, M, Haller, P, Halligan, E, Hardie, J, Hawker, I, Helal, A, Herrera Cruz, M, Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas, R, Horton, J, Howells, S, Howieson, A, Hughes, L, Hünicken Torrez, F, Hurtado Ortega, A, Huxley, P, Hamid, H, Ilahi, N, Iliadis, A, Inman, D, Jadhao, P, Jandoo, R, Jawad, L, Jayatilaka, M, Jenkins, P, Jeyapalan, R, Johnson, D, Johnston, A, Joseph, S, Kapoor, S, Karagiannidis, G, Karanam, K, Kattakayam, F, Konarski, A, Kontakis, G, Labrador Hernández, G, Lancaster, V, Landi, G, Le, B, Liew, I, Logishetty, K, Lopez Marquez, A, Lopez, J, Lum, J, Macpherson, G, Madan, S, Mahroof, S, Malik-Tabassum, K, Mallina, R, Maqsood, A, Marson, B, Martin Legorburo, M, Martin-Perez, E, Martínez Jiménez, T, Martinez Martin, J, Mayne, A, Mayor, A, Mcalinden, G, Mclean, L, Mcdonald, L, Mcintyre, J, Mckay, P, Mckean, G, Mcshane, H, Medici, A, Meeke, C, Meldrum, E, Mendez, M, Mercer, S, Merino Perez, J, Mesa-Lampré, M, Mighton, S, Milne, K, Mohamed Yaseen, M, Moppett, I, Mora, J, Morales-Zumel, S, Moreno Fenoll, I, Mousa, A, Murray, A, Murray, E, Nair, R, Neary, F, Negri, G, Negus, O, Newham-Harvey, F, Ng, N, Nightingale, J, Noor Mohamed Anver, S, Nunag, P, O'Hare, M, Ollivere, B, Ortés Gómez, R, Owens, A, Page, S, Palloni, V, Panagiotopoulos, A, Panagiotopoulos, E, Panesar, P, Papadopoulos, A, Spyridon, P, Pareja Sierra, T, Park, C, Parwaiz, H, Paterson-Byrne, P, Patton, S, Pearce, J, Porter, M, Pellegrino, A, Pèrez Cuellar, A, Pezzella, R, Phadnis, A, Pinder, C, Piper, D, Powell-Bowns, M, Prieto Martín, R, Probert, A, Ramesh, A, Ramírez de Arellano, M, Renton, D, Rickman, S, Robertson, A, Roche Albero, A, Rodrigo Verguizas, J, Rodríguez Couso, M, Rooney, J, Sáez-López, P, Saldaña-Díaz, A, Santulli, A, Sanz Pérez, M, Sarraf, K, Scarsbrook, C, Scott, C, Scott, J, Shah, S, Sharaf, S, Sharma, S, Shirley, D, Siano, A, Simpson, J, Singh, A, Sinnett, T, Sisodia, G, Smith, P, Sophena Bert, E, Steel, M, Stewart, A, Stewart, C, Sugand, K, Sullivan, N, Sweeting, L, Symes, M, Tan, D, Tancredi, F, Tatani, I, Thomas, P, Thomson, F, Toner, N, Tong, A, Toro, A, Tosounidis, T, Tottas, S, Trinidad Leo, A, Tucker, D, Vemulapalli, K, Ventura Garces, D, Vernon, O, Viveros Garcia, J, Ward, A, Ward, K, Watson, K, Weerasuriya, T, Wickramanayake, U, Wilkinson, H, Windley, J, Wood, J, Wynell-Mayow, W, Zatti, G, Zeiton, M, Zurrón Lobato, M, Hall, Andrew J., Clement, Nicholas D., Ojeda-Thies, Cristina, MacLullich, Alasdair MJ., Toro, Giuseppe, Johansen, Antony, White, Tim O., Duckworth, Andrew D., Abdul-Jabar, Hani, Abu-Rajab, Rashid, Abugarja, Ahmed, Adam, Karen, Aguado Hernández, Héctor J., Améstica Lazcano, Gedeón, Anderson, Sarah, Ansar, Mahmood, Antrobus, Jonathan, Aragón Achig, Esteban Javier, Archunan, Maheswaran, Arrieta Salinas, Mirentxu, Ashford-Wilson, Sarah, Assens Gibert, Cristina, Athanasopoulou, Katerina, Awadelkarim, Mohamed, Baird, Stuart, Bajada, Stefan, Balakrishnan, Shobana, Balasubramanian, Sathishkumar, Ballantyne, James A., Bárcena Goitiandia, Leopoldo, Barkham, Benjamin, Barmpagianni, Christina, Barres-Carsi, Mariano, Barrett, Sarah, Baskaran, Dinnish, Bell, Jean, Bell, Katrina, Bell, Stuart, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Benchimol, Javier Alberto, Boietti, Bruno Rafael, Boswell, Sally, Braile, Adriano, Brennan, Caitlin, Brent, Louise, Brooke, Ben, Bruno, Gaetano, Burahee, Abdus, Burns, Shirley, Calabrò, Giampiero, Campbell, Lucy, Carabelli, Guido Sebastian, Carnegie, Carol, Carretero Cristobal, Guillermo, Caruana, Ethan, Cassinello Ogea, M. a Concepción, Castellanos Robles, Juan, Castillon, Pablo, Chakrabarti, Anil, Cecere, Antonio Benedetto, Chen, Ping, Clarke, Jon V., Collins, Grace, Corrales Cardenal, Jorge E., Corsi, Maurizio, Cózar Adelantado, Gara María, Craxford, Simon, Crooks, Melissa, Cuarental-García, Javier, Cuthbert, Rory, Dall, Graham, Daskalakis, Ioannis, De Cicco, Annalisa, Diana, de la Fuente de Dios, Demaria, Pablo, Dereix, John, Díaz Jiménez, Julian, Dinamarca Montecinos, José Luis, Do Le, Ha Phuong, Donoso Coppa, Juan Pablo, Drosos, Georgios, Duffy, Andrew, East, Jamie, Eastwood, Deborah, Elbahari, Hassan, Elias de Molins Peña, Carmen, Elmamoun, Mamoun, Emmerson, Ben, Escobar Sánchez, Daniel, Faimali, Martina, Farré-Mercadé, Maria Victòria, Farrow, Luke, Fayez, Almari, Fell, Adam, Fenner, Christopher, Ferguson, David, Finlayson, Louise, Flores Gómez, Aldo, Freeman, Nicholas, French, Jonathan, Gabardo Calvo, Santiago, Gagliardo, Nicola, Garcia Albiñana, Joan, García Cruz, Guillermo, García de Cortázar Antolín, Unai, García Virto, Virginia, Gealy, Sophie, Gil Caballero, Sandra Marcela, Gill, Moneet, González González, María Soledad, Gopireddy, Rajesh, Guntley, Diane, Gurung, Binay, Guzmán Rosales, Guadalupe, Haddad, Nedaa, Hafeez, Mahum, Haller, Petra, Halligan, Emer, Hardie, John, Hawker, Imogen, Helal, Amr, Herrera Cruz, Mariana, Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas, Ruben, Horton, James, Howells, Sean, Howieson, Alan, Hughes, Luke, Hünicken Torrez, Flavia Lorena, Hurtado Ortega, Ana, Huxley, Peter, Hamid, Hytham K. S., Ilahi, Nida, Iliadis, Alexis, Inman, Dominic, Jadhao, Piyush, Jandoo, Rajan, Jawad, Lucy, Jayatilaka, Malwattage Lara Tania, Jenkins, Paul J., Jeyapalan, Rathan, Johnson, David, Johnston, Andrew, Joseph, Sarah, Kapoor, Siddhant, Karagiannidis, Georgios, Karanam, Krishna Saga, Kattakayam, Freddy, Konarski, Alastair, Kontakis, Georgios, Labrador Hernández, Gregorio, Lancaster, Victoria, Landi, Giovanni, Le, Brian, Liew, Ignatius, Logishetty, Kartik, Lopez Marquez, Andrew Carlomaria Daniel, Lopez, Judit, Lum, Joann, Macpherson, Gavin J., Madan, Suvira, Mahroof, Sabreena, Malik-Tabassum, Khalid, Mallina, Ravi, Maqsood, Afnan, Marson, Ben, Martin Legorburo, M José, Martin-Perez, Encarna, Martínez Jiménez, Tania, Martinez Martin, Javier, Mayne, Alistair, Mayor, Amy, McAlinden, Gavan, McLean, Lucille, McDonald, Lorna, McIntyre, Joshua, McKay, Pamela, McKean, Greg, McShane, Heather, Medici, Antonio, Meeke, Chelsea, Meldrum, Evonne, Mendez, Mijail, Mercer, Scott, Merino Perez, Josu, Mesa-Lampré, María-Pilar, Mighton, Shuna, Milne, Kirsty, Mohamed Yaseen, Muhammed, Moppett, Iain, Mora, Jesus, Morales-Zumel, Sira, Moreno Fenoll, Irene Blanca, Mousa, Adham, Murray, Alastair W., Murray, Elspeth V., Nair, Radhika, Neary, Fiona, Negri, Giacomo, Negus, Oliver, Newham-Harvey, Fiona, Ng, Nigel, Nightingale, Jess, Noor Mohamed Anver, Sumiya, Nunag, Perrico, O'Hare, Matthew, Ollivere, Ben, Ortés Gómez, Raquel, Owens, AnneMarie, Page, Siobhan, Palloni, Valentina, Panagiotopoulos, Andreas, Panagiotopoulos, Elias, Panesar, Paul, Papadopoulos, Antonios, Spyridon, Papagiannis, Pareja Sierra, Teresa, Park, Chang, Parwaiz, Hammad, Paterson-Byrne, Paul, Patton, Sam, Pearce, Jack, Porter, Marina, Pellegrino, Achille, Pèrez Cuellar, Arturo, Pezzella, Raffaele, Phadnis, Ashish, Pinder, Charlotte, Piper, Danielle, Powell-Bowns, Matilda, Prieto Martín, Rocío, Probert, Annabel, Ramesh, Ashwanth, Ramírez de Arellano, Manuel Vicente Mejía, Renton, Duncan, Rickman, Stephen, Robertson, Alastair, Roche Albero, Adrian, Rodrigo Verguizas, José Alberto, Rodríguez Couso, Myriam, Rooney, Joanna, Sáez-López, Pilar, Saldaña-Díaz, Andres, Santulli, Adriano, Sanz Pérez, Marta Isabel, Sarraf, Khaled M., Scarsbrook, Christine, Scott, Chloe E. H., Scott, Jennifer, Shah, Sachi, Sharaf, Sharief, Sharma, Sidharth, Shirley, Denise, Siano, Antonio, Simpson, James, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Amit, Sinnett, Tim, Sisodia, Gurudatt, Smith, Philomena, Sophena Bert, Eugenia, Steel, Michael, Stewart, Avril, Stewart, Claire, Sugand, Kapil, Sullivan, Niall, Sweeting, Lauren, Symes, Michael, Tan, Dylan Jun Hao, Tancredi, Francesco, Tatani, Irini, Thomas, Philip, Thomson, Fraser, Toner, Niamh S., Tong, Anna, Toro, Antonio, Tosounidis, Theodoros, Tottas, Stylianos, Trinidad Leo, Andrea, Tucker, Damien, Vemulapalli, Krishna, Ventura Garces, Diego, Vernon, Olivia Katherine, Viveros Garcia, Juan Carlos, Ward, Alex, Ward, Kirsty, Watson, Kate, Weerasuriya, Thisara, Wickramanayake, Udara, Wilkinson, Hannah, Windley, Joseph, Wood, Janet, Wynell-Mayow, William, Zatti, Giovanni, Zeiton, Moez, Zurrón Lobato, Miriam, Hall, A, Clement, N, Ojeda-Thies, C, Maclullich, A, Toro, G, Johansen, A, White, T, Duckworth, A, Abdul-Jabar, H, Abu-Rajab, R, Abugarja, A, Adam, K, Aguado Hernández, H, Améstica Lazcano, G, Anderson, S, Ansar, M, Antrobus, J, Aragón Achig, E, Archunan, M, Arrieta Salinas, M, Ashford-Wilson, S, Assens Gibert, C, Athanasopoulou, K, Awadelkarim, M, Baird, S, Bajada, S, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, S, Ballantyne, J, Bárcena Goitiandia, L, Barkham, B, Barmpagianni, C, Barres-Carsi, M, Barrett, S, Baskaran, D, Bell, J, Bell, K, Bell, S, Bellelli, G, Benchimol, J, Boietti, B, Boswell, S, Braile, A, Brennan, C, Brent, L, Brooke, B, Bruno, G, Burahee, A, Burns, S, Calabrò, G, Campbell, L, Carabelli, G, Carnegie, C, Carretero Cristobal, G, Caruana, E, Cassinello Ogea, M, Castellanos Robles, J, Castillon, P, Chakrabarti, A, Cecere, A, Chen, P, Clarke, J, Collins, G, Corrales Cardenal, J, Corsi, M, Cózar Adelantado, G, Craxford, S, Crooks, M, Cuarental-García, J, Cuthbert, R, Dall, G, Daskalakis, I, De Cicco, A, Diana, D, Demaria, P, Dereix, J, Díaz Jiménez, J, Dinamarca Montecinos, J, Do Le, H, Donoso Coppa, J, Drosos, G, Duffy, A, East, J, Eastwood, D, Elbahari, H, Elias de Molins Peña, C, Elmamoun, M, Emmerson, B, Escobar Sánchez, D, Faimali, M, Farré-Mercadé, M, Farrow, L, Fayez, A, Fell, A, Fenner, C, Ferguson, D, Finlayson, L, Flores Gómez, A, Freeman, N, French, J, Gabardo Calvo, S, Gagliardo, N, Garcia Albiñana, J, García Cruz, G, García de Cortázar Antolín, U, García Virto, V, Gealy, S, Gil Caballero, S, Gill, M, González González, M, Gopireddy, R, Guntley, D, Gurung, B, Guzmán Rosales, G, Haddad, N, Hafeez, M, Haller, P, Halligan, E, Hardie, J, Hawker, I, Helal, A, Herrera Cruz, M, Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas, R, Horton, J, Howells, S, Howieson, A, Hughes, L, Hünicken Torrez, F, Hurtado Ortega, A, Huxley, P, Hamid, H, Ilahi, N, Iliadis, A, Inman, D, Jadhao, P, Jandoo, R, Jawad, L, Jayatilaka, M, Jenkins, P, Jeyapalan, R, Johnson, D, Johnston, A, Joseph, S, Kapoor, S, Karagiannidis, G, Karanam, K, Kattakayam, F, Konarski, A, Kontakis, G, Labrador Hernández, G, Lancaster, V, Landi, G, Le, B, Liew, I, Logishetty, K, Lopez Marquez, A, Lopez, J, Lum, J, Macpherson, G, Madan, S, Mahroof, S, Malik-Tabassum, K, Mallina, R, Maqsood, A, Marson, B, Martin Legorburo, M, Martin-Perez, E, Martínez Jiménez, T, Martinez Martin, J, Mayne, A, Mayor, A, Mcalinden, G, Mclean, L, Mcdonald, L, Mcintyre, J, Mckay, P, Mckean, G, Mcshane, H, Medici, A, Meeke, C, Meldrum, E, Mendez, M, Mercer, S, Merino Perez, J, Mesa-Lampré, M, Mighton, S, Milne, K, Mohamed Yaseen, M, Moppett, I, Mora, J, Morales-Zumel, S, Moreno Fenoll, I, Mousa, A, Murray, A, Murray, E, Nair, R, Neary, F, Negri, G, Negus, O, Newham-Harvey, F, Ng, N, Nightingale, J, Noor Mohamed Anver, S, Nunag, P, O'Hare, M, Ollivere, B, Ortés Gómez, R, Owens, A, Page, S, Palloni, V, Panagiotopoulos, A, Panagiotopoulos, E, Panesar, P, Papadopoulos, A, Spyridon, P, Pareja Sierra, T, Park, C, Parwaiz, H, Paterson-Byrne, P, Patton, S, Pearce, J, Porter, M, Pellegrino, A, Pèrez Cuellar, A, Pezzella, R, Phadnis, A, Pinder, C, Piper, D, Powell-Bowns, M, Prieto Martín, R, Probert, A, Ramesh, A, Ramírez de Arellano, M, Renton, D, Rickman, S, Robertson, A, Roche Albero, A, Rodrigo Verguizas, J, Rodríguez Couso, M, Rooney, J, Sáez-López, P, Saldaña-Díaz, A, Santulli, A, Sanz Pérez, M, Sarraf, K, Scarsbrook, C, Scott, C, Scott, J, Shah, S, Sharaf, S, Sharma, S, Shirley, D, Siano, A, Simpson, J, Singh, A, Sinnett, T, Sisodia, G, Smith, P, Sophena Bert, E, Steel, M, Stewart, A, Stewart, C, Sugand, K, Sullivan, N, Sweeting, L, Symes, M, Tan, D, Tancredi, F, Tatani, I, Thomas, P, Thomson, F, Toner, N, Tong, A, Toro, A, Tosounidis, T, Tottas, S, Trinidad Leo, A, Tucker, D, Vemulapalli, K, Ventura Garces, D, Vernon, O, Viveros Garcia, J, Ward, A, Ward, K, Watson, K, Weerasuriya, T, Wickramanayake, U, Wilkinson, H, Windley, J, Wood, J, Wynell-Mayow, W, Zatti, G, Zeiton, M, Zurrón Lobato, M, Hall, Andrew J., Clement, Nicholas D., Ojeda-Thies, Cristina, MacLullich, Alasdair MJ., Toro, Giuseppe, Johansen, Antony, White, Tim O., Duckworth, Andrew D., Abdul-Jabar, Hani, Abu-Rajab, Rashid, Abugarja, Ahmed, Adam, Karen, Aguado Hernández, Héctor J., Améstica Lazcano, Gedeón, Anderson, Sarah, Ansar, Mahmood, Antrobus, Jonathan, Aragón Achig, Esteban Javier, Archunan, Maheswaran, Arrieta Salinas, Mirentxu, Ashford-Wilson, Sarah, Assens Gibert, Cristina, Athanasopoulou, Katerina, Awadelkarim, Mohamed, Baird, Stuart, Bajada, Stefan, Balakrishnan, Shobana, Balasubramanian, Sathishkumar, Ballantyne, James A., Bárcena Goitiandia, Leopoldo, Barkham, Benjamin, Barmpagianni, Christina, Barres-Carsi, Mariano, Barrett, Sarah, Baskaran, Dinnish, Bell, Jean, Bell, Katrina, Bell, Stuart, Bellelli, Giuseppe, Benchimol, Javier Alberto, Boietti, Bruno Rafael, Boswell, Sally, Braile, Adriano, Brennan, Caitlin, Brent, Louise, Brooke, Ben, Bruno, Gaetano, Burahee, Abdus, Burns, Shirley, Calabrò, Giampiero, Campbell, Lucy, Carabelli, Guido Sebastian, Carnegie, Carol, Carretero Cristobal, Guillermo, Caruana, Ethan, Cassinello Ogea, M. a Concepción, Castellanos Robles, Juan, Castillon, Pablo, Chakrabarti, Anil, Cecere, Antonio Benedetto, Chen, Ping, Clarke, Jon V., Collins, Grace, Corrales Cardenal, Jorge E., Corsi, Maurizio, Cózar Adelantado, Gara María, Craxford, Simon, Crooks, Melissa, Cuarental-García, Javier, Cuthbert, Rory, Dall, Graham, Daskalakis, Ioannis, De Cicco, Annalisa, Diana, de la Fuente de Dios, Demaria, Pablo, Dereix, John, Díaz Jiménez, Julian, Dinamarca Montecinos, José Luis, Do Le, Ha Phuong, Donoso Coppa, Juan Pablo, Drosos, Georgios, Duffy, Andrew, East, Jamie, Eastwood, Deborah, Elbahari, Hassan, Elias de Molins Peña, Carmen, Elmamoun, Mamoun, Emmerson, Ben, Escobar Sánchez, Daniel, Faimali, Martina, Farré-Mercadé, Maria Victòria, Farrow, Luke, Fayez, Almari, Fell, Adam, Fenner, Christopher, Ferguson, David, Finlayson, Louise, Flores Gómez, Aldo, Freeman, Nicholas, French, Jonathan, Gabardo Calvo, Santiago, Gagliardo, Nicola, Garcia Albiñana, Joan, García Cruz, Guillermo, García de Cortázar Antolín, Unai, García Virto, Virginia, Gealy, Sophie, Gil Caballero, Sandra Marcela, Gill, Moneet, González González, María Soledad, Gopireddy, Rajesh, Guntley, Diane, Gurung, Binay, Guzmán Rosales, Guadalupe, Haddad, Nedaa, Hafeez, Mahum, Haller, Petra, Halligan, Emer, Hardie, John, Hawker, Imogen, Helal, Amr, Herrera Cruz, Mariana, Herreros Ruiz-Valdepeñas, Ruben, Horton, James, Howells, Sean, Howieson, Alan, Hughes, Luke, Hünicken Torrez, Flavia Lorena, Hurtado Ortega, Ana, Huxley, Peter, Hamid, Hytham K. S., Ilahi, Nida, Iliadis, Alexis, Inman, Dominic, Jadhao, Piyush, Jandoo, Rajan, Jawad, Lucy, Jayatilaka, Malwattage Lara Tania, Jenkins, Paul J., Jeyapalan, Rathan, Johnson, David, Johnston, Andrew, Joseph, Sarah, Kapoor, Siddhant, Karagiannidis, Georgios, Karanam, Krishna Saga, Kattakayam, Freddy, Konarski, Alastair, Kontakis, Georgios, Labrador Hernández, Gregorio, Lancaster, Victoria, Landi, Giovanni, Le, Brian, Liew, Ignatius, Logishetty, Kartik, Lopez Marquez, Andrew Carlomaria Daniel, Lopez, Judit, Lum, Joann, Macpherson, Gavin J., Madan, Suvira, Mahroof, Sabreena, Malik-Tabassum, Khalid, Mallina, Ravi, Maqsood, Afnan, Marson, Ben, Martin Legorburo, M José, Martin-Perez, Encarna, Martínez Jiménez, Tania, Martinez Martin, Javier, Mayne, Alistair, Mayor, Amy, McAlinden, Gavan, McLean, Lucille, McDonald, Lorna, McIntyre, Joshua, McKay, Pamela, McKean, Greg, McShane, Heather, Medici, Antonio, Meeke, Chelsea, Meldrum, Evonne, Mendez, Mijail, Mercer, Scott, Merino Perez, Josu, Mesa-Lampré, María-Pilar, Mighton, Shuna, Milne, Kirsty, Mohamed Yaseen, Muhammed, Moppett, Iain, Mora, Jesus, Morales-Zumel, Sira, Moreno Fenoll, Irene Blanca, Mousa, Adham, Murray, Alastair W., Murray, Elspeth V., Nair, Radhika, Neary, Fiona, Negri, Giacomo, Negus, Oliver, Newham-Harvey, Fiona, Ng, Nigel, Nightingale, Jess, Noor Mohamed Anver, Sumiya, Nunag, Perrico, O'Hare, Matthew, Ollivere, Ben, Ortés Gómez, Raquel, Owens, AnneMarie, Page, Siobhan, Palloni, Valentina, Panagiotopoulos, Andreas, Panagiotopoulos, Elias, Panesar, Paul, Papadopoulos, Antonios, Spyridon, Papagiannis, Pareja Sierra, Teresa, Park, Chang, Parwaiz, Hammad, Paterson-Byrne, Paul, Patton, Sam, Pearce, Jack, Porter, Marina, Pellegrino, Achille, Pèrez Cuellar, Arturo, Pezzella, Raffaele, Phadnis, Ashish, Pinder, Charlotte, Piper, Danielle, Powell-Bowns, Matilda, Prieto Martín, Rocío, Probert, Annabel, Ramesh, Ashwanth, Ramírez de Arellano, Manuel Vicente Mejía, Renton, Duncan, Rickman, Stephen, Robertson, Alastair, Roche Albero, Adrian, Rodrigo Verguizas, José Alberto, Rodríguez Couso, Myriam, Rooney, Joanna, Sáez-López, Pilar, Saldaña-Díaz, Andres, Santulli, Adriano, Sanz Pérez, Marta Isabel, Sarraf, Khaled M., Scarsbrook, Christine, Scott, Chloe E. H., Scott, Jennifer, Shah, Sachi, Sharaf, Sharief, Sharma, Sidharth, Shirley, Denise, Siano, Antonio, Simpson, James, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Amit, Sinnett, Tim, Sisodia, Gurudatt, Smith, Philomena, Sophena Bert, Eugenia, Steel, Michael, Stewart, Avril, Stewart, Claire, Sugand, Kapil, Sullivan, Niall, Sweeting, Lauren, Symes, Michael, Tan, Dylan Jun Hao, Tancredi, Francesco, Tatani, Irini, Thomas, Philip, Thomson, Fraser, Toner, Niamh S., Tong, Anna, Toro, Antonio, Tosounidis, Theodoros, Tottas, Stylianos, Trinidad Leo, Andrea, Tucker, Damien, Vemulapalli, Krishna, Ventura Garces, Diego, Vernon, Olivia Katherine, Viveros Garcia, Juan Carlos, Ward, Alex, Ward, Kirsty, Watson, Kate, Weerasuriya, Thisara, Wickramanayake, Udara, Wilkinson, Hannah, Windley, Joseph, Wood, Janet, Wynell-Mayow, William, Zatti, Giovanni, Zeiton, Moez, and Zurrón Lobato, Miriam

Abstract

Aims: This international study aimed to assess: 1) the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative COVID-19 among patients with hip fracture, 2) the effect on 30-day mortality, and 3) clinical factors associated with the infection and with mortality in COVID-19-positive patients. Methods: A multicentre collaboration among 112 centres in 14 countries collected data on all patients presenting with a hip fracture between 1st March-31st May 2020. Demographics, residence, place of injury, presentation blood tests, Nottingham Hip Fracture Score, time to surgery, management, ASA grade, length of stay, COVID-19 and 30-day mortality status were recorded. Results: A total of 7090 patients were included, with a mean age of 82.2 (range 50–104) years and 4959 (69.9%) being female. Of 651 (9.2%) patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 225 (34.6%) were positive at presentation and 426 (65.4%) were positive postoperatively. Positive COVID-19 status was independently associated with male sex (odds ratio (OR) 1.38, p = 0.001), residential care (OR 2.15, p < 0.001), inpatient fall (OR 2.23, p = 0.003), cancer (OR 0.63, p = 0.009), ASA grades 4 (OR 1.59, p = 0.008) or 5 (OR 8.28, p < 0.001), and longer admission (OR 1.06 for each increasing day, p < 0.001). Patients with COVID-19 at any time had a significantly lower chance of 30-day survival versus those without COVID-19 (72.7% versus 92.6%, p < 0.001). COVID-19 was independently associated with an increased 30-day mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 2.83, p < 0.001). Increasing age (HR 1.03, p = 0.028), male sex (HR 2.35, p < 0.001), renal disease (HR 1.53, p = 0.017), and pulmonary disease (HR 1.45, p = 0.039) were independently associated with a higher 30-day mortality risk in patients with COVID-19 when adjusting for confounders. Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 in hip fracture patients during the first wave of the pandemic was 9%, and was independently associated with a three-fold increased 30-day mortality risk.

Published
2022

31. DEPCO Perú

Author

Otto Regalado-Pezúa and Leonardo Toro G.

Published
2022

33. New insights on metal allergy in total joint arthroplasty

Author

Toro, G., Cicco, A., Adriano Braile, Landi, G., Schiavone Panni, A., Toro, G, De Cicco, A, Braile, A, Landi, G, and Schiavone Panni, A

Subjects
histology, immune reaction, Metals, aseptic loosening, Hypersensitivity, Humans, total joint arthroplasty, ion, Patch Tests, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Lymphocyte Activation, Metal allergy
Abstract

Metal allergy is an uncommon and not completely understood cause of failure in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). However, either immunopathology neither histologic studies clarified the mechanisms through which the metal ions could lead to the complications related to them. The lack of evidence around this topic also reflects the difficulties to diagnose the MRP in TJA. In fact, the diagnosis is generally based on the exclusion of other causes. Currently, skin-patch testing and lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) are being commonly used to investigate about metal hypersensitivity and a delayed type-IV hypersensitivity is the immuno-histologic response to metals involved in TJA loosening. A review of the recent publications about this topic has been made focusing on immunology, histopathology, and clinics to better understand a still debated topic in orthopedic practice.

Published
2021

35. TIBIO-FIBULAR BONE TRANSPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF ONCOLOGICAL PERIPROSTHETIC INFECTION OF THE KNEE WITH MASSIVE BONE LOSS

Author

Raffaele Pezzella, Filippini A, Di Salvatore M. G., Medici A., Toro G., Logroscino G, Calvisi V, Raffaele, Pezzella, Filippini, A, Di Salvatore, M. G., Medici, A., Toro, G., Logroscino, G, and Calvisi, V

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, Transfemoral amputation, megaprosthesis infection, Stump lengthening, bone sarcoma
Abstract

Chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most relevant complications in orthopaedic surgery, especially in the case of limb reconstruction with megaprostheses after malignant tumoral resection. This is the report of a case of a 35-year-old patient, affected by a chronic PJI around a knee megaprosthesis implanted after the resection of an osteosarcoma of the distal femur. “En bloc” resection and limb reconstruction with an expandable megaprothesis of the knee were performed at the age of 5 years old (1989). PJI occurred after the definitive megaprosthesis implantation (2002), and became chronic over the years. In 2019, due to a massive recrudescence of the infection and the severe femoral bone loss, the patient underwent a wide intercalary resection and a thigh stump reconstruction by transposition of the fibula and the distal third of the tibia in order to avoid a hip disarticulation. Although complex, the proposed treatment allowed improved outcomes in a young patient with high function requests, justifying the global surgical invasiveness.

Published
2021

38. Influence of Frictional Melt on the Seismic Cycle: Insights From Experiments on Rock Analog Material.

Author

Conrad, E. M., Tisato, N., Carpenter, B. M., and Di Toro, G.

Subjects
ACOUSTIC emission, STATIC friction, EARTHQUAKES, ROCKSLIDES, SHEARS (Machine tools), MELTING, SOUND waves
Abstract

The formation of frictional melt likely impacts the coseismic and, when solidified (pseudotachylyte), the interseismic strength of faults. Here we investigate these effects through experiments using a new energy‐controlled rotary shear machine (ECoR) on simulated faults made of a transparent rock analog material (polymethyl‐methacrylate). As in nature, ECoR allows (a) elastic strain energy to accumulate at different loading rates and (b) the spontaneous nucleation of slip events. ECoR is equipped with a high‐speed camera, thermocouples, and transducers to monitor the surface, temperature, and acoustic emissions (AEs), respectively. We perform experiments at normal stresses of ∼3.5 MPa across loading rates from 0.15 MPa/s, phase A, to 2.5 MPa/s, phases B‐C‐D. In phase A, the temperature remains constant, and slip events occur without visible melting every 3.3–6.4 s with 0.5–0.7 MPa stress drops and 3–7 mm displacements. In phases B‐C, slip events occur in the presence of melts every 0.5–0.9 s, and the bulk temperature increases progressively. Melt solidification increases static friction yielding slip events with stress drops up to 5 MPa and displacements up to 3 cm. Samples produce high‐frequency AEs during slip acceleration and deceleration. Once the bulk temperature reaches ∼110°C, a "final" and silent long displacement event occurs in the presence of melts (phase D). Experimental observations suggest that melt formation modulates the coseismic (flash melting, melt lubrication, and viscous braking) and interseismic (welding) stages. Furthermore, AEs associated with coseismic fault weakening and strengthening may have their natural equivalent and could be observed in seismograms through near‐fault instrumentation. Plain Language Summary: During earthquakes, rocks slide against each other result in frictional heat. In some cases, enough heat is generated that rocks melt, influencing earthquake behavior. We investigate this behavior with experiments using a newly devised laboratory apparatus on a rock‐analog material, polymethyl‐methacrylate glass (commercial name, Plexiglas®). The apparatus reproduces the natural earthquake cycle by compressing two cylinders (top and bottom sample) in the vertical direction, then gradually loads a spring, applying a horizontal shear force where the two samples meet. Slip between the samples occurs when the force from the spring overcomes the ability of the material to resist shearing. This process mimics earthquakes along faults at depth, generating heat and melts. We find that during slip, such melts initially lubricate the fault, then cool, thicken, and increase viscosity to resist slip. Moreover, the solidification of melts increases the fault strength leading to larger successive earthquakes. We used acoustic sensors to monitor the sound and vibrational waves emitted from slip events. These recordings reveal the occurrence and timing of the processes happening during faulting. As monitoring technology improves, the waves' characteristic of these processes may also become evident in seismograms of natural earthquakes and help us understand how earthquakes work. Key Points: We use a newly conceived experimental machine on polymethyl methacrylate to investigate the seismic cycle in the presence of meltsEnergy flux pulses from the machine to the fault yield fault weakening (flash melting + lubrication) and strengthening (viscous braking)Distinct acoustic emission signals correlate with the activation of coseismic fault weakening/strengthening mechanisms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. Reduction of Monitoring Registers on Software Defined Networks

Author

Luz Angela Aristizábal Q and Nicolás Toro G

Subjects
Reduction (complexity), Computer science, Anomaly (natural sciences), Real-time computing, Wavelet transform, Anomaly detection, Network monitoring, Information flow (information theory), Software-defined networking, Statistic
Abstract

Characterization of data network monitoring registers allows for reductions in the number of data, which is essential when the information flow is high, and implementation of processes with short response times, such as interchange of control information between devices and anomaly detection is required. The present investigation applied wavelet transforms, so as to characterize the statistic monitoring register of a software-defined network. Its main contribution lies in the obtention of a record that, although reduced, retains detailed, essential information for the correct application of anomaly detectors.

Published
2019

42. Qué se debe saber en esclerosis múltiple: 16 preguntas prácticas

Author

Daniel Noriega, Jorge D. Rios, Jaime Toro G, Juan Sebastián Rivera, Saúl Reyes, and Jorge Patiño

Subjects
esclerosis múltiple, therapy, dieta, vacunación (DeCS), General Engineering, vaccination (MeSH), diet, multiple sclerosis, terapia
Abstract

RESUMEN La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es la más frecuente de las enfermedades desmielinizantes del sistema nervioso central. Se trata de una patología compleja, con mecanismos fisiopatológicos aún no elucidados completamente y una presentación clínica variada. Es una entidad crónica, de alto costo para el sistema de salud, y usualmente se asocia a una importante discapacidad en los pacientes afectados. No existe una cura para la EM, sin embargo, se cuenta con más de 13 terapias modificadoras de la enfermedad que actúan en distintas dianas terapéuticas, enlentecen la progresión y mejoran el pronóstico. El objetivo de este escrito es presentar una actualización de EM, a través de 16 preguntas y temas controversiales. Estos 16 puntos responden a dudas puntuales y actuales, son presentados, analizados y, en los casos en los que la evidencia lo permite, se plantean recomendaciones. Las preguntas abordadas incluyen temas como diagnóstico, tratamiento, uso de nuevas tecnologías y manejo de los efectos adversos. Este escrito está destinado a neurólogos, médicos generales, residentes de neurología y cualquier profesional interesado en las enfermedades desmielinizantes. SUMMARY Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. It is a complex disease, with a pathogenesis not fully understood and multiple clinical presentations. MS is a chronic disease, represents a great cost to healthcare systems and is often associated with a high burden of disability in patients. Despite the absence of a cure, there are at least13 disease-modifying therapies that act on different targets of the pathogenic process. The main purpose of this review is to solve 16 controversial and current topics in MS. These 16 topics are analysed, and when there is enough evidence, we issue recommendations. The topics include diagnosis, treatment, use of new technologies in MS, and medication side effects. This paper is meant for neurologists, neurology residents, general physicians and any other healthcare personnel interested in demyelinating diseases.

Published
2019

43. Validation of a NGS panel, with automated analysis, designed for detection of medically actionable tumor biomarkers for Latin America

Author

Carolina Ibañez, De Toro G, Katherine Marcelain, Olga Barajas, Alicia Colombo, Jessica Toro, Feliu E, Miranda N, Lorenzo Bermejo J, Spencer L, Iván Gallegos, Gutierrez L, María Loreto Bravo, Patricia García, Ricardo A. Verdugo, Ricardo Armisen, Villaman C, Sanhueza, Erik Morales, Bustamante E, Maureira I, Carolina Bizama, Salvo M, Carrasco Am, and Monica Ahumada

Subjects
Limited access, Dna integrity, Tumor Biomarkers, Latin Americans, business.industry, Medicine, Context (language use), Computational biology, Precision medicine, business, Germline, Reference genome
Abstract

The genomic characterization of solid tumors and a rapidly growing repertoire of target drugs are revolutionizing cancer treatment. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels are progressively used in clinical practice for target therapy in high-income countries. In contrast, limited access to tumor sequencing, among other barriers, precludes precision cancer treatment in low- and middle-income countries. To build towards the implementation of precision oncology in Chile and Latin America, we designed a 25-gene panel that contains predictive biomarkers for currently or near-future available therapies in Latin America. Library preparation was optimized to account for DNA integrity variability in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissue. The bioinformatic pipeline removes FFPE-induced artifacts and known germline variants; while identifying possible discrepancies in somatic mutations due to Latin Americans’ underrepresentation in the reference genome databases. Analytic sensitivity and accuracy were assessed using commercial standard controls for FFPE DNA and for germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, which are biomarkers for PARP inhibitors. Our panel detects small insertions and deletions and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with 100% sensitivity and specificity down to allelic frequencies of 0.05, and with 100% between-run and within-run reproducibility for non-synonymous variants. The workflow was validated in 265 clinical samples, including breast, colorectal, gastric, ovarian, and gallbladder tumors and blood, leading to identifying 131 actionable variants. Therefore, this NGS panel constitutes an accurate and sensitive method for routine tumor biopsies that could replace multiple non-NGS assays and costly large NGS panels in the Latin American clinical context. The proposed streamlined assay and automated analysis are expected to facilitate the implementation of precision medicine in Latin America.

Published
2021

44. ESTUDIO TEÓRICO DE LA ADSORCIÓN DE MOLÉCULAS DE CATEQUINA, QUERCETINA y ÁCIDO GÁLICO SOBRE HIERRO COMO POTENCIALES INHIBIDORES DE CORROSIÓN: SIMULACIÓN COMPUTACIONAL.

Author

Córdova, Carlos H. and La Rosa-Toro G., Adolfo

Subjects
GALLIC acid, MILD steel, DENSITY functional theory, IRON, PHENOL content of food, QUERCETIN, UNIT cell, CATECHIN
Abstract

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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47. The guamuéz (La Cocha) lake

Author

Duque-Trujillo J.F., Hermelin, M., Toro, G., Duque-Trujillo J.F., Hermelin, M., and Toro, G.

Published
2021

48. Geomorphological characteristics of the ruiz volcano and surroundings

Author

Hermelin, M., Toro, G., Mendez, R, Tavera, Miguel Angel, Hermelin, M., Toro, G., Mendez, R, and Tavera, Miguel Angel

Abstract

Landforms related to the Ruiz Volcano, the northernmost active volcano in South America, are both of volcanic and glacial origins. A brief historical account includes several eruptions and culminates with the catastrophic one which occurred in November 13th, 1985. A description of the geological evolution of the area is complemented by an itinerary which will permit the observation of the more important landforms. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

49. large magnitude late holocene seismic activity in the Pereira - Armenia region, Colombia

Author

Lalinde, Claudia Patricia, Toro, G., A. A. Velásquez, Audermad, Franck A., Lalinde, Claudia Patricia, Toro, G., A. A. Velásquez, and Audermad, Franck A.

Abstract

The Pereira-Armenia region, located west of the Colombian Central Cordillera, is crosscut by the Romeral fault system, which consists of an active north-south?trending, left-lateral, strike-slip fault system with a secondary thrust component

Published
2021

50. Fission-track datings and geomorphic evidences for long-term stability in the Central Cordillera highlands, Colombia

Author

Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias, Geología Ambiental y Tectónica, Toro, G., Hermelin, M., Schwabe, E., Posada, B.O., Silva, D., Poupeau, G., Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias, Geología Ambiental y Tectónica, Toro, G., Hermelin, M., Schwabe, E., Posada, B.O., Silva, D., and Poupeau, G.

Abstract

Age of weathered andesitic volcanic ash layers, which cover most of the landscape in the Central Cordillera northern massif plateaus in Colombia, were determined through the use of fission track counting in volcanic zircon crystals. A stoneline, exposed in many outcrops, which corresponds to the lower limit of younger tephras, gave ages between 350 ka and 440 ka. Andosols lying above the stoneline could not be dated. Paleolake deposits in the study area and surroundings were dated at about 2 Ma; older ashes deposited on the Rio Negro erosion surface (SII) below the stoneline level gave ages between 3.4 and 5.4 Ma. The study area is located about 150 km from the volcanic center. The ash layers decrease in thickness only slightly with distance, as perceived from profiles sampled in flat areas. We conclude that the only noticeable erosional event in the region was the emplacement of the stone-line. This erosion event which was relatively short and mild in intensity, as part of the underlying soil derived from quartzdiorite was preserved. This soil formed above a saprolite with a thickness which may reach 150 m, a fact which supports the inference that the plateaus have been stable for millions of years, in contrast to the high erosion rates observed in the surrounding steep slopes and canyons. © 2006 Gebrüder Borntraeger.

Published
2021

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