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BACKGROUND: The incidence of tinnitus has been increasing together with its patient impact and societal costs. Much research has been conducted in the field of tinnitus, especially on treatment modalities because there still is no cure. This study aims to analyze the evolutions and developments in the scientific output relating to tinnitus. METHODS: We analyzed the Science Citation Index Expanded featured articles in the Web of Science Core Collection relating to tinnitus from 1980 to 2020. The publications were analyzed by characteristics such as the countries and institutions, journals, the most cited articles and references, and the most frequently used words in the abstracts and keywords. RESULTS: In total, 8282 articles relating to tinnitus were identified in the Web of Science. The number of publications has been significantly increasing after the 1990s. Of the 8282 articles, a major part originated from the American and European institutions. Most articles originated from high-impact journals, which consequently also covered the most cited papers. A major interest was seen in areas about treatment and pathogenic mechanisms. CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis here indicated an increasing trend in tinnitus research from 1980 to 2020, particularly with the increase in tinnitus burden and the societal costs by it. Specific interest has been seen in the specific tinnitus pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment. Individual researchers and institutions will gain a new perspective on their future studies based on the bibliometric data in our paper.

Background: Robot-assisted and image-guided surgery have become increasingly important because it outperforms human dexterity. For procedures on sub-millimet-ric level, fixing the patient’s head firmly is crucial. Although the neck is not the targetorgan of the operation, it may be at risk of postoperative complaints due to position-ing or fixation. The incidence of postoperative symptoms after head and neck surgery with fixation is hardly reported and probably underestimated, in regards to the life-threatening cranial pathologies for which the surgery was required. Methods: To identify papers on risk factors for postoperative complaints after headand neck surgery, we performed a systematic review. PubMed and Web of Sciencedatabases were searched using predefined in- and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysesand reviews were excluded. Postoperative complaints concerned pain, quality oflife, discomfort, neuropraxia, and musculoskeletal problems. This review is reportedaccording to PRISMA guidelines. Results: Seven eligible studies were identified, only 2 concerned surgery requiring head fixation. The significant risk factors resulting from our analysis were preopera- tive pain (odds ratio=2.19), expected pain (odds ratio=2.15), short-term fear (odds ratio = 1.42), age between 45 and 59 years old (odds ratio = 1.40), pain catastrophizing (odds ratio = 1.21), and female gender (odds ratio = 0.74). Conclusion: Six significant risk factors for iatrogenic postoperative complaints after head and neck surgery have been identified. These risk factors should be consideredas possible confounding factors in future research. Little literature could be found. Upcoming robotic surgeries in the head and neck area pose a clinical need for morespecific studies on postoperative iatrogenic complaints.

Fossa navicularis (FN) is defined as bony depression that is not always present and is located anterior to the foramen magnum and pharyngeal tubercle on the inferior aspect of the basilar part of the occipital bone. It has been reported that FN can create an infection spread path from the pharynx to the intracranial structures. Therefore, the diagnosis of this variation is important. Although cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) diagnostic accuracy has mostly been verified in detection and quantification particularly on human skulls, there is no study comparing morphometric measurements between direct measurement on the skull and CBCT measurement. The main object of this study is to evaluate the presence of FN on dry bones and CBCT images of the same dry skull and to examine the morphometric and morphological features of this formation. Thirty-two random craniums that were made available for this study that did not have any fractures or deformities of the cranial base were examined. The sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, and depth of the FN was measured both directly on dry skulls and radiologically on CBCT images of dry skull. In addition, the shape of FN (SFN) was determined. FN was detected in 10 (31.25%) of 32 craniums examined with both modalities. It was determined that sagittal diameter of the FN, transverse diameter of the FN, depth of the FN, and the shape of FN did not show a statistically significant difference between the 2 measurements. Unlike the literature, FN was investigated on dry bones both directly and in CBCT images in this study. In contrast to previously thought the FN may be smaller according to this findings, and this small variation can be detected with CBCT images. According to this findings, it can be said that morphometric evaluations on CBCT are accurate and reliable, and CBCT is a safe method for clinical diagnosis and treatment.