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The article describes the case of a ten-year-old boy who sought orthodontic treatment after dental trauma three years ago, which led to the avulsion of the upper right central incisor. Topics include factors to which the decision to open or close a space is attributed, orthodontic treatment, and restorative treatment.

Background: Identifying factors associated with the occurrence of primary tooth avulsion is essential to promote prevention strategies. Aim: To investigate the risk factors associated with primary incisor avulsion and variables associated with post‐avulsion sequelae in the permanent successor. Design: This case–control study comprised 407 children (cases) with primary incisor avulsion and 407 children (controls) with other traumatic dental injuries (TDI). The association between explanatory variables and avulsion was evaluated through logistic regression. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Poisson regression analyses between potential explanatory variables and sequelae were run, from which relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% CI were estimated. Results: TDI caused by moderate falls (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.47 to 3.27), affecting lateral incisors (OR = 10.10; 95% CI = 3.89 to 26.54) and the lower arch (OR = 9.54; 95% CI = 3.15 to 28.85), were associated with primary incisor avulsion. Moreover, children with previous severe TDI, anterior open bite, and anterior crossbite had higher odds of primary incisor avulsion. Children who suffered from any primary tooth avulsion (RR = 2.68; 95% CI = 1.82 to 3.95) had a higher risk of sequelae in the permanent successors. The risk for sequelae in the permanent teeth was significantly greater for younger children under age 2 years than for children ages 3 to 5 years. Conclusion: Risk factors for primary incisor avulsion are related to the severity of the fall, tooth position, history of previous TDI, and malocclusion. Furthermore, avulsion increases the risk of sequelae in the permanent successors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a common complication in sports, with an overall prevalence ranging from 0.71% to 60%. Kickboxing is a high-risk combat sport for trauma to the facial region. Methods: A total of 142 5-to-65-year-old amateur athletes participated in the survey with a questionnaire that was released during their regular practice days. The questionnaire was structured into three parts: (1) questions about age, gender, type, and time of sports practice; (2) questions about dental injuries, personal experience, and awareness of emergency management, particularly about tooth avulsion; (3) questions about wearing a mouthguard for TDI prevention. Results: A total of 13 percent of athletes suffered a TDI while training or fighting. Regarding first aid, 61% of the participants in this survey are aware of the possibility of replanting a tooth after its avulsion; 10% believe that the tooth should be replanted within 15 min, and 37% of athletes believe that it should be kept wet. The mouthguard is known to the majority of athletes (94%), and 66% were informed by the coach; 68% of the athletes use it. Seventy-four percent of the mouthguards were purchased in a sports shop. Conclusions: A relatively low prevalence of TDIs was observed in players in the sample. A lack of information about the emergency management of tooth avulsion and about the type of mouthguard to wear emphasizes the importance of educational training by dentists to athletes and coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soukaina Rouijel,1 Manar Bouchouk,2 Fatima Ezzahra Zidane,1 Babacar Toure1 1International University of Rabat (UIR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Health Sciences Research Center (Cress), Rabat, Morocco; 2Private Practice, Agadir, MoroccoCorrespondence: Soukaina Rouijel, Email soukaina.rouijel@uir.ac.maIntroduction: Dental trauma is known as main concern for public health and is a prevalent issue among children as it leads to functional, aesthetic, and psychological complications. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of primary school teachers regarding emergency first aid management for tooth avulsion at Agadir.Methods: The study was conducted in 46 randomly selected primary schools in Agadir and included all teachers from these schools. Data collection was carried out through a self-administered questionnaire focusing on teachers’ socio-demographic characteristics, understanding of the importance of emergency management and familiarity with emergency procedures. Data analysis was performed using Jamovi Version 2.3.21.0.Results: A total of 202 teachers participated in the study, 61% being female and 39% male. It has been found that 59.4% of the teachers had encountered an avulsed tooth accident at school. Of these, 23.9% indicated they would immediately replant the avulsed tooth, while 76.7% would contact the child’s parents. Regarding storage, 6.8% would preserve the avulsed tooth in milk, while 30.1% preferred using paper. No significant differences were found in term of seniority and age groups (p> 0.05).Discussion: An educational programs is needed to enhance the management and prognosis of permanent tooth avulsion among children in Morocco.Keywords: dental trauma, tooth avulsion, children, management, teachers

Dental avulsion is a traumatic dental injury with complete displacement of the tooth outside the bony socket. Both primary and permanent teeth are predisposed to such traumatic incidents. The most effective treatment in such cases is tooth replantation. Additionally, a short‐term flexible splint is needed to stabilize the avulsed/replanted tooth. This case report describes orthodontic braces as a standardized flexible splint option for the treatment of tooth avulsion. Herein, the case of a 9‐year‐old female patient who presented to a private dental clinic with an avulsed upper left central incisor, 1 h after the accident has occurred. Once the tooth was replanted with all the necessary precautions, orthodontic braces and wire were utilized to stabilize the tooth. Most dental splints are custom‐made, requiring thorough professional knowledge and expertise for their fabrication and placement. The protocol described in this report is aimed at easing tooth stabilization using materials within the scope of a basic dental setup consultation room. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of current study is the development and optimization of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) to be used in the field of Endodontics as intracanal medication in cases of avulsed teeth with extended extra‐oral time, utilizing PLGA polymers loaded with the anti‐inflammatory drug clobetasol propionate (CP). Methodology: CP‐loaded nanoparticles (CP‐NPs) were prepared using the solvent displacement method. CP release profile from CP‐NPs was assessed for 48 h against free CP. Using extracted human teeth, the degree of infiltration inside the dentinal tubules was studied for both CP‐NPs and CP. The anti‐inflammatory capacity of CP‐NPs was evaluated in vitro measuring their response and reaction against inflammatory cells, in particular against macrophages. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine the cytokine release of IL‐1β and TNF‐α. Results: Optimized CP‐NPs displayed an average size below 200 nm and a monomodal population. Additionally, spherical morphology and non‐aggregation of CP‐NPs were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Interaction studies showed that CP was encapsulated inside the NPs and no covalent bonds were formed. Moreover, CP‐NPs exhibited a prolonged and steady release with only 21% of the encapsulated CP released after 48 h. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, it was observed that CP‐NPs were able to display enhanced penetration into the dentinal tubules. Neither the release of TNF‐α nor IL‐1β increased in CP‐NPs compared to the LPS control, displaying results similar and even less than the TCP after 48 h. Moreover, IL‐1β release in LPS‐stimulated cells, decreased when macrophages were treated with CP‐NPs. Conclusions: In the present work, CP‐NPs were prepared, optimized and characterized displaying significant increase in the degree of infiltration inside the dentinal tubules against CP and were able to significantly reduce TNF‐α release. Therefore, CP‐NPs constitute a promising therapy for the treatment of avulsed teeth with extended extra‐oral time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental avulsion is the most severe type of traumatic tooth injury, resulting in the complete displacement of the tooth from its socket in the alveolar bone. Immediate replantation of an avulsed permanent tooth is recommended for successful treatment and a good prognosis. However, replantation is not always feasible. The biological properties of the storage medium, which must preserve the viability, clonogenic capacity, and mitogenic potential of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, are crucial for successful reimplantation. If the root surface dries out excessively due to prolonged extraoral time before replantation, the damaged PDL cells can trigger an inflammatory response across the root surface, leading to ankylosis. There are various types of storage media, both synthetic and natural. Therefore, selecting the appropriate storage medium in an emergency is critical for improving the outcome of teeth that cannot be immediately replanted. This review examines research on various storage media for avulsed teeth, focusing on their properties and effectiveness, based on articles from electronic databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tooth avulsion is a dental emergency that needs prompt treatment to minimise complications. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of avulsed tooth management among dental surgery assistants at the UKM Dental Polyclinic. This survey research design of a 19- item questionnaire was distributed to 59 dental surgery assistants (DSAs). The questionnaire consisted of demographic profile questions and questions regarding awareness and knowledge of tooth avulsion and its immediate management. The results showed that 78% of DSAs at the Institute know about first aid management of avulsed teeth, with the majority being taught during their training course. Moreover, 96.2% of the DSAs know what tooth avulsion is and recognise it as a dental emergency. Although 75% of the DSAs have never previously handled any avulsed tooth case, 50% are confident in advising the public on what to do with an avulsed tooth at the time of injury. As for the specific management questions of an avulsed tooth, the responses from the DSAs varied according to the questions, ranging from 50% to 85%. DSAs at the Institute have varying levels of awareness and knowledge regarding tooth avulsion. Therefore, regular education programmes on dental trauma and its management will help improve the DSAs’ current knowledge and ability to manage avulsion injuries better in emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evaluation of pulp status is crucial for avulsed immature permanent teeth after replantation. In addition to commonly used clinical and radiographic examinations providing clinical evidence, the oxygen saturation test may offer valuable assistance. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of a pulse oximeter in evaluating pulp status in avulsed and replanted immature permanent teeth. A prospective observational study was performed including 51 avulsed and replanted immature permanent teeth. Routine clinical and radiographic examinations were performed and used as the basis for the diagnosis of pulp status during the 1-year follow-up period. Meanwhile, the oxygen saturation values of these teeth were recorded using a modified pulse oximeter at each visit. Seven teeth completed pulp revascularization (success group), whereas 44 teeth failed to revascularize (failure group). Abnormal clinical and/or radiographic manifestations in the failure group were observed at an average period of 42.7 days, which was too late because a high incidence of inflammatory root resorption (43.18%) had occurred. For oxygen saturation tests, teeth in the success group showed an immediate postreplantation oxygen value of 70.71 ± 3.35, then an upward trend starting from the 2-week postreplantation visit, and a significantly increased final value of 81.86 ± 2.34 at the 1-year visit. In contrast, no increase trend was found for teeth in the failure group because abnormal clinical and/or radiographic manifestations emerged. The oxygen saturation test is a reliable diagnostic method to evaluate pulp status of avulsed teeth as early as 2 weeks after replantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental avulsion is the most severe type of traumatic tooth injury, resulting in the complete displacement of the tooth from its socket in the alveolar bone. Immediate replantation of an avulsed permanent tooth is recommended for successful treatment and a good prognosis. However, replantation is not always feasible. The biological properties of the storage medium, which must preserve the viability, clonogenic capacity, and mitogenic potential of the periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, are crucial for successful reimplantation. If the root surface dries out excessively due to prolonged extraoral time before replantation, the damaged PDL cells can trigger an inflammatory response across the root surface, leading to ankylosis. There are various types of storage media, both synthetic and natural. Therefore, selecting the appropriate storage medium in an emergency is critical for improving the outcome of teeth that cannot be immediately replanted. This review examines research on various storage media for avulsed teeth, focusing on their properties and effectiveness, based on articles from electronic databases.

Simultaneous avulsion of four or more teeth is a rare event. This case report examines the dental care given to an adult who, during a bicycle accident, experienced the avulsion of a mandibular incisor as well as all of his maxillary incisors. In the immediate aftermath of the accident, four out of the five incisors were located, promptly collected, and stored in a tooth rescue box, all within a 20‐min window. Replantation and splinting were performed on the day of the accident. Endodontic treatment involved sequential intracanal dressing with an antibiotic–corticosteroid paste followed by calcium hydroxide prior to root canal obturation. 3 months post‐accident, signs of external replacement resorption (ERR) began to appear in all the replanted teeth. The gap created by the missing maxillary central incisor was managed with a three‐unit fixed dental prosthesis, despite the onset of ERR in the incisors used as abutment teeth. Regular follow‐ups showed a relatively slow ERR progression rate over a span of nearly 6 years. The patient expressed satisfaction with both the esthetic and functional outcomes. This case, marked by multiple avulsions, underscores the importance of immediate and appropriate intervention alongside the imperative for carefully considered long‐term management strategies. Given the decelerated bone remodeling rate in adults, ERR generally progresses at a slower pace than in children. Accordingly, this case demonstrates the viability of retaining replanted teeth over the long term, even when these teeth have been subjected to nonphysiological storage for extended durations, a factor known to impede periodontal healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This systematic review aimed to answer the following question: What is the estimated prevalence of pulp canal obliteration in subtypes of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in deciduous and permanent teeth? The searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, Grey Literature, and Google Scholar, and complemented by a manual search, until April 16th, 2023. Observational studies were selected based on population, exposure, and outcome (PEO) (P, deciduous or permanent teeth; E, TDI; O, pulp canal obliteration). Two reviewers (kappa 0.90) applied the eligibility criteria, extracted qualitative data, and assessed the methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. A meta-analysis was performed using MedCalc 17.2. Thirty-four articles were selected after screening. The methodological quality was moderate to high. The estimated prevalence of pulp canal obliteration was 27.6% (95%CI: 18.7–37.7) and 21.9% (95%CI:16.0–28.4), for permanent and deciduous teeth, respectively. Considering the TDI subtypes, the prevalence of pulp canal obliteration was higher in root fractures of the permanent teeth (78.6 %, 95%CI: 62.8–90.9) and lateral luxation injuries in deciduous teeth (29.4%, 95%CI:19.1–41.0). Our review of 34 articles of moderate and high methodological quality found that the prevalence of pulpal canal obliteration ranges from 21.9% to 27.6%. Pulp canal obliteration was most frequently detected following lateral luxation injuries of the deciduous teeth and root fractures of the permanent teeth (PROSPERO CRD42020179438).

Background: Dental traumas, particularly tooth avulsion, represent a significant dental emergency among children, frequently occurring in schools. The knowledge and immediate response of schoolteachers are crucial for the prognosis of such emergencies. Materials and Methods: This interventional study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of 248 primary school teachers in Rajasthan, India, regarding dental trauma management. Utilizing a questionnaire-based approach, the study was conducted in three phases: preintervention assessment, an informative 45-minute lecture, and a postintervention follow-up. Statistical significance was set at 5%, and the Chi-square test was employed for analysis. Results: The initial survey revealed a lack of knowledge among teachers regarding dental trauma management, with significant improvement observed in the follow-up phase post intervention. Over 90% of participants showed improved knowledge, with statistical significance (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The study highlights a notable deficiency in school teachers’ knowledge on dental trauma management initially, which significantly improved following an oral health promotion intervention. This underscores the effectiveness of educational programs in enhancing the management of dental emergencies by schoolteachers.

Background: Children usually encounter minor accidents in their routine activities and hence, it is of utmost importance to provide emergency care. Permanent anterior teeth are frequently traumatized in children of age group 7-9 years, and the school teachers are the first one to witness. School teachers play an important role in improving the prognosis of traumatized teeth of school children through immediate on-site management or on time referral to healthcare providers. Thus, they should be well prepared to intervene when such dental emergencies arise. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding tooth avulsion among school teachers of Nagpur District. Material & Methods: The study was performed by distributing a self-designed 18 questionnaire to 180 school teachers of region. It includes questionnaire-based survey including demographic data, attitude, knowledge and practice towards tooth avulsion. Questionnaire was framed in English as well as local language (Marathi). Following this the questionnaire were distributed to school teachers through Google forms and responses were recorded for further statistical analysis, subjected to chi-square test and represented in the form of pie charts. Results: It has shown that poor knowledge in the management of the avulsed tooth among the school teachers of Nagpur district. Conclusion: School teachers, being one of the child managers, need to have the basic knowledge to recognize and manage oral emergencies avulsed teeth to prevent its consequences in the child’s development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: The ideal treatment of tooth avulsion is replantation. However, replanting teeth may lead to root resorption. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a cytokine that plays an important role in wound repair and tissue regeneration. Recently, FGF-2 has been studied a potential regenerative agent to prevent root resorption and ankylosis. The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize the currently available literature focusing on using FGF-2 based regenerative modalities to improve the outcomes of tooth replantation. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted via PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Knowledge, using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms “Basic fibroblast growth factor,” “Fibroblast growth factor-2,” “tooth replantation,” and “replantation” for studies published between January 2001 and June 2021. Data was extracted and quality assessment was carried using the ARRIVE guidelines. Results: Nine animal studies were included in this review. In six studies, FGF-2 had a favorable effect on the tissue regeneration around roots of replanted teeth when compared to other treatment groups. However, quality assessment of the studies revealed many sources of bias and deficiencies in the studies. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it may be concluded that FGF-2 may improve the outcomes of delayed replantation of avulsed teeth. However, more long-term animal studies, with improved experimental designs, and clinical trials are required to determine the clinical potential of the growth factor in improving the outcomes of delayed tooth replantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Physical Education students about tooth avulsion (TA) in both dentitions before and after receiving an informative leaflet (IL). Material and Methods: The questionnaire contained information about TA in dentition and its management and was applied to the Physical Education students before and after reading an IL. Results: A total of 118 students, 96.61%, attended a first aid course, and 17.80% received information about TA. Most students (88.98%) never had an experience with TA, and 90.68% considered its management important. The other questions, before and after reading the IL, respectively, were: would not perform deciduous tooth replantation (42%; 88%); knew how to handle the avulsed permanent tooth (APT) (38%; 92%); knew how to clean the APT (50%; 99%); knew that permanent tooth replantation (PTR) must be immediate (15%; 95%); knew the ideal time to seek for the dentist right after TA without performing PTR (6%; 83%); knew how to store APT (31%; 97%). Conclusion: The knowledge of Physical Education students in this research revealed a limited understanding of dental tooth avulsion. After receiving an informative leaflet, the students showed a significant improvement in knowledge about traumatic avulsion management, including tooth replantation and proper actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of ELVAX polymer subgingival implants incorporated with echistatin peptide on incisor reimplanted tooth in rats. Forty-two male Wistars rats were divided into two groups: echistatin-treated rats (E) and control rats (C). The animals had their right maxillary incisors extracted and treated according to the International Association of Dental Traumatology replantation protocol. The extra-alveolar dry period was 30 and 60 min, and the post-surgical experimental periods were 15, 60, and 90 days. The samples were stained with H&E and analyzed for the presence of an inflammatory response, incidence of resorptions, and dental ankylosis. Results were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). The presence of inflammatory resorption was significantly higher in group C at 30 and 60 min extra-alveolar time, in the 15-day postoperative period as compared with the E group (p < 0.05). Dental ankylosis was significantly more prevalent in group E in 30 min extra-alveolar time and 15 days postoperative period (p < 0.05). However, in 60 min extra-alveolar time and 60 days postoperative period, dental ankylosis was more prevalent in C group (p < 0.05). The use of ELVAX subgingival implants with echistatin demonstrated therapeutic potential in preventing the experimental resorption process after replantation of maxillary incisors in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Avulsion is one of the most serious dental traumas. Since children spend most of their time at school after home, teacher’s knowledge of dental trauma will affect prognosis of traumatized teeth. The aim of this study was evaluation of Special elementary school teachers’ knowledge, regarding emergency management of avulsion in Esfahan. Methods and material: In this cross-sectional analytical study, a standard questionnaire was given to all primary education teachers in Isfahan who were selected by census method and information was collected. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test, and t-test. Result: 3.3% of teachers had very low knowledge, 60% low knowledge, 32.3% moderate knowledge, 3.3% high knowledge and 1.1% very high knowledge of avulsion management. Between teachers' knowledge and age (P = 0.034), history of attending first aid course (p = 0.038), dental emergency’ courses (P = 0.010) and experience of dealing with avulsion trauma (p = 0/007) was a direct connection. But no relationship was found between knowledge and gender (p = 0.139), level of education (P = 0.302), teaching experience (P = 0975) and the school type where they work (P = 0.587). Conclusion: More than half of Special elementary school teachers had less than average knowledge of avulsion emergency management and most of them did not participate in a training course for avulsion management. Therefore, it is necessary to make plans to increase the knowledge of special school teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a common complication in sports, with an overall prevalence ranging from 0.71% to 60%. Kickboxing is a high-risk combat sport for trauma to the facial region. Methods: A total of 142 5-to-65-year-old amateur athletes participated in the survey with a questionnaire that was released during their regular practice days. The questionnaire was structured into three parts: (1) questions about age, gender, type, and time of sports practice; (2) questions about dental injuries, personal experience, and awareness of emergency management, particularly about tooth avulsion; (3) questions about wearing a mouthguard for TDI prevention. Results: A total of 13 percent of athletes suffered a TDI while training or fighting. Regarding first aid, 61% of the participants in this survey are aware of the possibility of replanting a tooth after its avulsion; 10% believe that the tooth should be replanted within 15 min, and 37% of athletes believe that it should be kept wet. The mouthguard is known to the majority of athletes (94%), and 66% were informed by the coach; 68% of the athletes use it. Seventy-four percent of the mouthguards were purchased in a sports shop. Conclusions: A relatively low prevalence of TDIs was observed in players in the sample. A lack of information about the emergency management of tooth avulsion and about the type of mouthguard to wear emphasizes the importance of educational training by dentists to athletes and coaches.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of Physical Education students about tooth avulsion (TA) in both dentitions before and after receiving an informative leaflet (IL). Material and Methods: The questionnaire contained information about TA in dentition and its management and was applied to the Physical Education students before and after reading an IL. Results: A total of 118 students, 96.61%, attended a first aid course, and 17.80% received information about TA. Most students (88.98%) never had an experience with TA, and 90.68% considered its management important. The other questions, before and after reading the IL, respectively, were: would not perform deciduous tooth replantation (42%; 88%); knew how to handle the avulsed permanent tooth (APT) (38%; 92%); knew how to clean the APT (50%; 99%); knew that permanent tooth replantation (PTR) must be immediate (15%; 95%); knew the ideal time to seek for the dentist right after TA without performing PTR (6%; 83%); knew how to store APT (31%; 97%). Conclusion: The knowledge of Physical Education students in this research revealed a limited understanding of dental tooth avulsion. After receiving an informative leaflet, the students showed a significant improvement in knowledge about traumatic avulsion management, including tooth replantation and proper actions.

Background/Aim: Evaluate the informative content in tooth avulsion videos intended for dentists available on YouTube™ and analyse their compliance with the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines 2020. Materials and Methods: Google Trends was used to identify the most searched term for tooth avulsion. Tooth avulsion‐related videos in Brazilian Portuguese intended for dentists were searched on YouTube™ with a 12‐month filter. Two raters reviewed these videos to extract their features and evaluate and qualify them with two 9‐point checklists based on the IADT 2020 guidelines. The emergency steps for tooth avulsion at the accident site were assessed before, during and after clinical management; each step received 1 point if present and 0 points if absent. The final score ranged from 0 to 9 points on each checklist (18 points total), and the total score was used to classify the videos as having poor, moderate or rich content. Reliability and video quality were evaluated by an adapted version of the DISCERN tool and global quality scale (GQS), respectively. The data were analysed with the Mann–Whitney U‐test, Pearson chi‐square test, and the Kappa statistic (p <.05). Results: Of 60 videos, 8 were included. All were uploaded by dental professionals or undergraduate students; the average duration was 11 min (range: 0.40–65 min), and the average number of views was 56.75. Half the videos (50%) had maximum completeness scores for questions about emergency dentist referral before clinical management, and more than half (75%) had maximum completeness regarding the steps required during and after treatment. Rich videos had higher GQS scores (p =.049) without significant correlation. Conclusions: Although most videos in Brazilian Portuguese were considered high‐quality according to the IADT checklist, half of them presented partial absence of information regarding orientations at the accident site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge of bibliometric indices on the avulsion of permanent teeth can help researchers to identify gaps in the literature. The aim of this study was to analyze the bibliometric characteristics of the 100 most-cited articles on the avulsion of permanent teeth. Two researchers conducted an unfiltered search in the Core Collection section of the Web of Science (WoS-CC) database. The following data were extracted: position in the citation list, total number and density of citations, title, authors, institution, country, year of publication, journal, keywords, study design, tooth storage medium, and other topics of interest. Bibliometric networks were generated and analyzed using the VOSviewer software. Descriptive analysis and a Poisson regression analysis were performed (P <.05). The number of citations per article varied between 31 and 407. The average was 70.05, and 13 articles received more than 100 citations. J.O. Andreasen (n = 13) and M. Trope (n = 15) were the authors who contributed most often to publications. The United States was the country with the highest number of articles (n = 31). Authors associated with the University of Copenhagen, Denmark (n = 9) and University of North Carolina, USA (n = 10) showed higher productivity. In vitro /animal model studies were the most frequent study designs (n = 50), and the most-discussed topic of interest was prognosis (n = 47). There was strong clustering among 13 research groups. Observational studies, published by authors from Europe and about prognosis or treatment presented more citation ratio in WoS-CC. Clinical studies on permanent tooth avulsion are needed to increase the quality of scientific evidence and provide insights for health professionals and public policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avulsiyon sık görülen görülen ciddi bir yaralanma tipidir. Avulse dişler uzun dönem takibi sonucu kaybedilebilir veya replantasyon gerçekleşmeyebilir. Bu durum avülse dişlerin yerine çocuklarda büyüme ve gelişmeyi olumsuz etkilemeyecek şekilde çeşitli tedaviler uygulamayı gerektirmektedir. Bu vaka raporunda üst kesici dişlerini avulsiyon sonrası kaybetmiş 3 farklı hastaya uygulanan tedavi yaklaşımları sunulmuştur. İlk olguda kaza yerinde dişleri kaybolmuş hastaya diş ilaveli hareketli yer tutucu yapılmıştır. Fakat işbirliği sağlanamamış, sabit yer tutucuya geçilmesine karar verilmiştir. İkinci olguda avulse dişiyle kliniğe başvurmuş hastanın dişi replante edilmiştir. 2 yıllık takip sonucu eksternal rezorpsiyon gözlenen dişin çekimi gerçekleşmiş ve yerine fiberle güçlendirilmiş adeziv köprü uygulaması yapılmıştır. Üçüncü olguda avulse 12 numaralı dişi replante edilememiş 10 yaşındaki erkek hastaya diş ilaveli hareketli yer tutucu yapılmıştır. Bu hastaların farklı tedavi yaklaşımlarıyla estetik , fonetik ,gelişimsel ihtiyaçları karşılanmıştır.

Background and objectives: Investigation into the impact of dental trauma on the results of orthodontic treatment is crucial because it can have a major influence on patient care. However, there has not yet been a thorough review or meta-analysis of the available data, which is inconsistent and scant. Therefore, the goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the impact of dental trauma on orthodontic parameters. Search methods and criterion of selection: Major online databases were searched (beginning from the year 2011) for relevant articles using a properly defined search strategy. Analysis protocol: Risk of bias (RoB) and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were utilized for the purposes of bias evaluation within the individual studies and within the review, respectively. Results: Out of the six clinical trials selected, a significant impact of trauma was observed in individuals in all but one paper. Gender predilection varied across studies and could not be conclusively determined. The follow-up period ranged from two months to two years in the trials. The odds ratio (OR) 0.38 [0.19, 0.77] and the risk ratio (RR) 0.52 [0.32, 0.85] indicated that both the odds as well as the relative risk of experiencing dental trauma were lower in the group with negligible impact compared to the group with noticeable impact. Conclusion and further implications: The findings show that dental trauma significantly affects orthodontic parameters, with lower risk and likelihood of suffering dental trauma in the group with negligible impact than in the group with noticeable impact. However, given the substantial heterogeneity among the studies, it is advised to exercise caution when extrapolating the findings to all populations. Registration and protocol: Registration in the PROSPERO database was carried out before initiating the investigation [CRD42023407218]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most common in young permanent dentition. Replantation of immature teeth after avulsion represents a major challenge in terms of treatment management and long-term prognosis. This case report describes 9 years of follow-up for an avulsed and replanted immature mandibular lateral incisor with progressive external root resorption. Methods: A 7-year-old patient following an accident in which his mandibular left central incisor was avulsed and replanted within one hour after being stored in a physiological storage medium. However, radiographic examination conducted six weeks after the dental injury revealed inflammatory root resorption of the replanted tooth #31. To address root resorption, endodontic treatment was performed involving the use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication for a short period of time, followed by root canal obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate placed below the crestal bone margin. Results: Three months later the root resorption had progressed. Consequently, a decision was made to perform periodontal surgery. While the long-term follow-up revealed that the inflammatory root resorption had damaged half of the root, the tooth remained functional and aesthetically favourable. Conclusions: Despite the challenges associated with replantation of an immature tooth following avulsion, this case demonstrated favourable outcomes. The tooth maintained its functionality, exhibited favourable aesthetic, and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge were preserved, allowing for the physiological expansion of the dental arch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Avulsion of permanent teeth is the most common in young permanent dentition. Replantation of immature teeth after avulsion represents a major challenge in terms of treatment management and long–term prognosis. This case report describes 9 years of follow-up for an avulsed and replanted immature mandibular lateral incisor with progressive external root resorption. Methods: A 7-year-old patient following an accident in which his mandibular left central incisor was avulsed and replanted within one hour after being stored in a physiological storage medium. However, radiographic examination conducted six weeks after the dental injury revealed inflammatory root resorption of the replanted tooth #31. To address root resorption, endodontic treatment was performed involving the use of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication for a short period of time, followed by root canal obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate placed below the crestal bone margin. Results: Three months later the root resorption had progressed. Consequently, a decision was made to perform periodontal surgery. While the long-term follow-up revealed that the inflammatory root resorption had damaged half of the root, the tooth remained functional and aesthetically favourable. Conclusions: Despite the challenges associated with replantation of an immature tooth following avulsion, this case demonstrated favourable outcomes. The tooth maintained its functionality, exhibited favourable aesthetic, and the dimensions of the alveolar ridge were preserved, allowing for the physiological expansion of the dental arch.

Background/Aim: Permanent tooth avulsion requires proper management at the time of the accident and parental oral health literacy (OHL) may influence decision‐making with regards to dental trauma. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of OHL on: (1) self‐rated comprehension of an information leaflet (IL), (2) self‐rated capacity to execute the tasks proposed on the IL, and (3) attitudes regarding the avulsion of a permanent tooth in children. Material and Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted involving the reading of an IL by 466 parents/caregivers. Evaluations were performed prior to the IL (Phase I), immediately after the application of the IL (Phase II) and 60 days after the application of the IL (Phase III). Self‐rated comprehension and capacity to execute the proposed tasks were analyzed in Phase II. Attitude was evaluated in all three phases. Functional OHL was measured using the BREALD‐30 and interactive OHL was measured using HeLD‐14. Results: Correlations were found between self‐rated comprehension and both the OHL/BREALD‐30 score (rs = 0.179; p =.012) and OHL/HeLD‐14 score (r = 0.258; p <.001). Correlations were also found between the self‐rated capacity to execute the proposed tasks and both the OHL/BREALD‐30 score (rs = 0.133; p =.047) and the OHL/HeLD‐14 score (rs = 0.225; p <.001). Higher BREALD‐30 and HeLD‐14 scores were associated with a better performance regarding parental attitudes toward permanent tooth avulsion comparing Phases I and II and Phases II and III (p <.05). Conclusions: Higher levels of OHL were associated with better parental self‐rated comprehension of the IL and the capacity to execute the tasks proposed therein as well as more adequate attitudes regarding the avulsion of a permanent tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells stored in Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) with those in readily available transport media over a variable period of time. Methods: Periodontal ligament cells harvested from premolars freshly extracted for orthodontic reasons were cultured for exponential growth. The cells were exposed to egg white, evaporated milk, water and Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) at room temperature. Their viability was evaluated after 30 minutes, 1 hour and 3 hours with the tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay (MTT assay). Statistical analysis was done using the IBM® SPSS version 23.0 software. Comparison between the Mean Optical Densities (MODs) of the cells stored in HBSS and other media at each time interval was done using the independent t test. Repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were also carried out to compare the MOD of cells within each medium over time. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Result: The PDL cells stored in egg white had higher MODs than those in HBSS at 30 minutes and 1 hour. Conversely, the MODs of the cells stored in milk and water were lower than those in HBSS at all the studied points. There was a significant difference in the viability of the cells stored in HBSS and water at all the time points (p<0.05). Conclusion: For up to an hour, egg white was found to perform better than HBSS in supporting the viability of PDL cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Oral Research is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and aims: Despite the high incidence rate of dental trauma and its possible devastating physical and psychological consequences on children, little is known about sport‐related dental trauma and its prevention and management among Libyan sports coaches. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of Benghazi contact sports coaches regarding sport‐related dental trauma and its prevention and management. Methods: A cross‐sectional study design was used. Two hundred and thirty‐one contact sports coaches were recruited from different public and private youth sports centers across Benghazi. The data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire translated into Arabic and piloted to evaluate its validity and clarity. In addition, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and χ2 tests were used to check associations between the variables. Results: A total of 151 contact sports coaches returned a completed questionnaire; the majority of coaches (74%) have seen orofacial injuries during their coaching career, whereas less than half of them (47%) personally experienced these injuries. Only one participant said he would preserve the tooth in milk, and four indicated that they would replant it. Most coaches (89.4%) knew what a mouthguard is, but 53.6% would recommend its use, and these were more likely to have previously used mouthguards (p ≤ 0.001). About 41.1% received previous training on TDIs‐related emergencies. Higher knowledge scores were observed among coaches who previously received training (p = 0.023). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate low awareness of how to manage and prevent orofacial injuries among Libyan contact sports coaches, even though they commonly encounter these injuries and believe in mouthguards' effectiveness. Previous training on managing emergencies and experience appeared to influence the coaches' knowledge. Training coaches on preventing TDIs and their early management in sports fields should be an implemented policy and a prerequisite to obtaining a training license. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children dental trauma is a significant oral health issue worldwide; accidents involving falls in school are extremely common; they are the main etiological factor of traumatic tooth injury. Children around the age of 8-11 years are the most affected with these injuries. Aim: The purpose of the study is to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of Makkah government female school teachers regarding the emergency management of dental trauma. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where participants were 378 teachers of 6-12 years old children in primary schools who were randomly selected from primary public schools in Makkah city and were invited to fill in a self-administered questionnaire. Teachers' knowledge was assessed using their answers on the appropriate action in given imaginary cases; their personal profile information was also obtained from the questionnaire. Results: A total of 378 female teachers participated in the study. Of these, 35.7% had first aid training and 6.3% had dental emergency training. However, teachers' knowledge of dental emergencies was severely lacking. The relation between teachers' knowledge and their age, educational level, years of experience, first aid training, dental emergency training, and the number of emergency dental cases experienced was tested; however, the results found no significant difference. Conclusions: This study concluded that female primary school teachers in Makkah were drastically lacking knowledge in dental trauma management. Accordingly, awareness programs focused on how teachers at primary school understand the basic management of emergency dental trauma is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Dental Science / Arquivos em Odontologia is the property of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Research on knowledge regarding tooth avulsion and replantation among children and adolescents is still scarce. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the knowledge about tooth avulsion and replantation and their association with independent variables among 7th-grade students in public schools. Material and methods: Data collection on the knowledge regarding tooth avulsion and replantation (nine questions) and sociodemographic profile was performed through semi-structured and self-administered questionnaires. The presence of trauma in permanent incisors of students (n=251) was obtained in a clinical examination performed by a calibrated examiner in Sertaozinho, Sao Paulo, Brazil. After a descriptive data analysis, association and multiple logistic regression tests were applied at a significance level of 5%. Results: Most of the students were female (61.4%), were residents in suburban areas (89.6%) and did not present dental trauma (87.7%). Students answered correct 42.2% of the questions. The variable "last visit to the dentist" was the only one that showed a statistically significant association with knowledge about tooth avulsion and replantation in the bivariate analysis (p = 0.007) and the logistic regression (p = 0.031). Conclusion: The level of knowledge was low, and the students whose last visit to the dentist was two years or longer showed a greater chance of having less knowledge about tooth avulsion and replantation. Clinical Significance: During routine dental visits, the dental team should educate patients about the procedures to manage different situations of dental trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana is the property of Asociacion Latinoamericana de Odontopediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives Children frequently encounter dental problems related to traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). This study aimed to investigate TDIs among children aged 7-13 years, who were admitted to the Tehran School of Dentistry in Tehran, Iran. Methods This retrospective study was performed on 70 patients with 129 TDIs. Information, such as age at the time of the accident, gender, cause and type of TDI, the interval between the accident and the emergency care, and treatment, was gathered from the patients’ records. During the follow-up session, the pulp sensibility, probing, and percussion tests were conducted. The collected data was statistically analyzed using Fisher’s exact test and Chi-square test. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results A total of 129 TDIs were reported during 2018-2021. Maxillary central incisors (80.62%) were the most commonly involved teeth, followed by maxillary lateral incisors (17.82%) and mandibular lateral incisors (1.55%). Falls were the main contributor to TDIs (31.78%). The most frequent TDIs involved enamel-dentin fractures without pulp involvement (37.20%) and subluxation (19.37%), followed by enamel-dentin fractures exposing the pulp (10.85%), avulsion (10.85%), infraction (4.65%), lateral luxation (3.87%), intrusion (3.87%), and extrusion (3.10%). Splinting (26.61%) and restoration (23.74%) were the most frequent treatments. The average pu-wollof period was 2-3 years, with a survival rate of 67%. Conclusion It appears that a significant number of parents are unaware of the necessity of immediate treatment and regular followup after TDIs, which can result in a high rate of treatment failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]