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Objective: This study aims to evaluate the capacity of ChatGPT-4o to generate new systematic review ideas in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The data obtained from this study will provide evidence-based information to oral and maxillofacial surgeons regarding the academic use of GPT-4o., Materials and Methods: ChatGPT-4o was asked to provide four previously unpublished systematic review ideas each for the topics of impacted third molars, dental implants, orthognathic surgery, and temporomandibular disorders. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed database to check if the ideas generated by GPT-4o had been previously published, and the search results were compared with the ideas generated by the AI., Results: The PubMed database search resulted in a total of 871 publications, with 37 publications found to be related to the topics generated by GPT-4o after the first and second screening. Out of the 16 publication ideas generated by GPT-4o, 9 (56.25 %) were determined to be previously unexplored according to the PubMed database search. There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of ChatGPT's suggestions in PubMed and the subject areas of the studies., Conclusion: ChatGPT-4o has a high potential to be used as a valuable tool for suggesting systematic review topics in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Additionally, this tool can assist researchers not only in proposing publication ideas but also in developing the methodology of the study., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The author (Yunus Balel) is an Editorial Board Member for [Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery] and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: The surgical removal of impacted third molars is considered a routine procedure for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. However, the distribution of impacted molars varies among different populations. A study into impaction patterns in the German population is currently not described. The aim of this retrospective study is to determine patterns of impacted third molars in a sample of German population, to identify gender and age specific differences as well as further risk factors for impacted molar extraction and to compare these results with other studies., Materials and Methods: The clinical findings and digital panoramic radiographs of 84 patients with a total of 243 impacted third molars that had been subjected for tooth extraction, from January to September 2023, were collected and analyzed. All third molars were analyzed according to Winter´s angulation, Pell and Gregory Score of depth and relationship to ramus. Furthermore, inferior alveolar nerve and maxillary sinus proximity were identified through a newly developed risk score and an analysis of patient´s gender and age regarding impaction patterns was performed., Results: No significant gender specific differences were found regarding the impaction patterns. Third molar angulations significantly differed regarding patient´s age (cut-off 26 years). In comparison, third molar depth, bone coverage, nerve approximity and angulation patterns differed from the results of other populations., Conclusion: The results of this study can serve as a baseline for further studies of third molar impactions in the German population to minimize perioperative complications in impacted third molar surgery., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: This study aimed to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the dimensional and morphological characteristics of unilaterally impacted canines, their effects on adjacent teeth, and differences with contralaterally erupted canines., Materials and Methods: A sample of 31 patients (22 males, mean age 22.22 ± 4.82 years; 9 females, mean age 23.91 ± 5.16 years) with unilaterally impacted maxillary palatal teeth were included in the study. CBCT images were obtained using a NewTom 5 G unit in standard mode. Three-dimensional multiplanar reconstructions emulating a panoramic view and curved planar reconstructions were evaluated. Individuals were divided into two groups (low- and high-complexity) according to Ericson and Kurol's impaction complexity classification., Results: The crown lengths and mesiodistal crown widths of the impacted canines were similar to the symmetric canine on the opposite arch and significantly larger than adjacent lateral and premolar teeth (p<0.05). The alpha (31.33 ± 8.32) and beta angles (39.53 ± 10.31) and the 'h' height (10.11 ± 2.02) values in the low-complexity group were significantly lower than the high-complexity group (alpha angle=57.40 ± 12.15; beta angle=71.31 ± 13.94; 'h' height=14.35 ± 3.71, and alpha angle: p<0.001; beta angle: p<0.001; 'h' height: p=0.002) CONCLUSION: The root lengths of impacted maxillary canine teeth are significantly shorter than symmetrically erupted canine teeth regarding labiolingual crown width. As the alpha and beta angles and 'h' height increase, the complexity level of the impacted canine also increases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine if a deep learning (DL) model can predict the surgical difficulty for impacted maxillary third molar tooth using panoramic images before surgery., Materials and Methods: The dataset consists of 708 panoramic radiographs of the patients who applied to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic for various reasons. Each maxillary third molar difficulty was scored based on dept (V), angulation (H), relation with maxillary sinus (S), and relation with ramus (R) on panoramic images. The YoloV5x architecture was used to perform automatic segmentation and classification. To prevent re-testing of images, participate in the training, the data set was subdivided as: 80 % training, 10 % validation, and 10 % test group., Results: Impacted Upper Third Molar Segmentation model showed best success on sensitivity, precision and F1 score with 0,9705, 0,9428 and 0,9565, respectively. S-model had a lesser sensitivity, precision and F1 score than the other models with 0,8974, 0,6194, 0,7329, respectively., Conclusion: The results showed that the proposed DL model could be effective for predicting the surgical difficulty of an impacted maxillary third molar tooth using panoramic radiographs and this approach might help as a decision support mechanism for the clinicians in peri‑surgical period., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aimed to describe clinical and imaging analysis of supernumerary teeth in the mandibular region of 22 cases., Study Design: Retrospective study., Methods: This study enrolled patients diagnosed with supernumerary teeth who underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from August 2016 to September 2022. Participants included individuals aged 7-29 years of both genders. The following variables were examined: number of supernumerary teeth, location, shape, direction, length, relationship with adjacent teeth and surrounding anatomical structures, and secondary effects., Results: Out of 236 subjects, 22 (6.02%) were found to have supernumerary teeth in the mandibular region, with a total of 62 teeth identified. The male-to-female ratio was 5:6. Most supernumerary teeth were located in the lingual side of the mandibular region, particularly in the 34-35 tooth area (21.66%), followed by the 44-45 tooth region. The vast majority of supernumerary teeth (96.77%) were impacted, and more than half (51.67%) were located near the mental nerve canal. The average length of the supernumerary teeth was 10.5 mm. While no primary complications were observed, some secondary symptoms were noted, such as the ectopic eruption of adjacent teeth and crowding of permanent teeth., Conclusion: The supernumerary teeth in the mandibular area have regional characteristics, which can provide for clinical diagnosis and treatment. CBCT can accurately analyze the location of supernumerary teeth and their secondary effects, and provides the treatment plan on that basis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest No conflict interests exist, (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: In clinical practice, it is risky to extract bone-impacted teeth and they're prone to a variety of complications, such as pathological fracture, adjacent tooth fracture, maxillary sinus perforation, and so on, making it difficult for clinicians to decide whether to extract them., Purpose: In order to illustrate our opinions on the possibility of extracting full third molars (M3), 360 examples of complete third molars were analyzed in this study., Materials and Method: We investigated 2189 patients, and 261 of them provided CBCT images of 360 teeth. assessing the degree of second molar(M2) root absorption in connection to age, impacted relationship, contact part, calculating the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval using the Logistic regression analysis equation., Result: Bone-impacted M3 occurred in 11.92% (261/2189) of patients with "impacted teeth" diagnoses. There was a significant difference between the occurrence of M2ERR and the contact parts (P value<0.001), and only the type of vertical impaction differed significantly from Level 3 (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: 1) M3 should be removed if root resorption has not occurred in M2. 2) Root resorption is more likely to occur when M3 crown and M2 apical contact. 3) Enough experience, precise preoperative assessment can reduce the dangers to a minimum., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors state that there is no potential conflict of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Dermatoglyphics can be utilised in clinical settings to identify those who are more likely to have impacted teeth. Additionally, dermatoglyphics looks to have potential as a non-invasive diagnostic method for predicting the presence or absence of an impacted tooth. The goal of this study was to look at the most common dermatoglyphic pattern in people who had or didn't have an impacted mandibular third molar teeth and see if there was a dermatoglyphic signature. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 180 participants was conducted (90 cases and 90 controls). The rolling impression technique was used to apply blue duplicating ink to participants' fingertips, which was then recorded. There was an increase in the frequency of the whorl-plain pattern in the right-hand ring finger (60%; p=0.028) and left-hand little finger (33.3%; p=0.009), as well as the loop-ulnar pattern in the right-hand middle finger (74.4%; p=0.024) in individuals with a predisposition to the presence of impacted teeth. Results: The left-hand little finger was found to be the most predictive for impaction in a forward stepwise binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Dermatoglyphics could be used as a non-invasive sign to predict whether or not a tooth is affected. Its value comes in early detection, which helps to avoid the surgical problems that come with symptomatic extraction of an impacted tooth., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2022 Kapoor A et al.)

Background: Critically impacted maxillary canines are prone to fail to respond to conventional surgical exposure and orthodontic traction. Correct identification of a critical impaction requires enhanced diagnosis modalities and might lead to incorporating alternative surgical strategies in the treatment plan. Predictability of techniques such as apicotomy or tooth autotransplantation is, however, yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to systematically review treatment perspectives for critically impacted maxillary canines., Methods: A systematic review of the available literature until april 2020 was conducted using an electronic search in Embase, Cochrane Central, Web of Science and PubMed databases. Randomised and non-randomised studies investigating treatment options and treatment outcome for buccally and/or palatally critically impacted maxillary canines were considered for the review. Information recorded concerned study design and setting, participants' characteristics and details regarding the type of intervention, types of outcomes measured and follow-up time. The included studies received a methodological quality scoring and risk of bias analysis according to a tool suggested by Murad et al (2018)., Results: Five studies were included in the quality analysis, all case series. The included studies enrolled a total of 302 patients and counted 346 critical maxillary canine impactions. Apicotomy and autotransplantation were listed as potential surgical approaches with surgical outcome presented for both surgical strategies. Adequate esthetical and/or functional outcomes were reported in most of the included studies. According to the quality assessment tool used, the reviewed studies scored medium on the proposed scale., Discussion: Literature featuring protocols for identifying and treating critical maxillary canine impaction only consists of case series and case reports, which provide low level of evidence. The rather good results reported by the reviewed studies must be put into perspective as the methodology of these studies was insufficient and potential bias was identified. Comprehensive clinical research is needed to further investigate treatment options and form a basis for clinical guidelines., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To compare the buccal alveolar bone thickness of mesioangulated mandibular impacted third molars (MITM) with buccal versus lingual inclination using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)., Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated 69 individuals (39 women and 30 men) who presented a total of 101 mesioangulated MITM according to the Winter classification and in B position according to the Pell and Gregory classification. The average age was 22.99 ± 3.94 years. The superior, medial and inferior alveolar thickness regarding buccal (n = 44) or lingual (n = 57) mandibular third molar inclination were measured. T test or Mann-Whitney U test and finally, a multiple linear regression were applied (p < 0.05)., Results: The buccal alveolar bone thickness of mesioangulated mandibular impacted third molars was significantly greater in the group with lingual inclination compared to the group with buccal inclination, in the superior region (6.21 ± 3.27 vs. 4.85 ± 3.06; p = 0.036). The lingual inclination significantly influenced the buccal alveolar bone thickness in the middle region (p = 0.011)., Conclusions: The mesioangulated MITM in B position with lingual inclination have a greater thickness of the superior and medial buccal alveolar bone than the MITM with buccal inclination. These results should be considered during MITM diagnosis and surgical planning.

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Objective: To analyze the treatment efficacy in the vertically impacted maxillary central incisors using cone-beam CT (CBCT) and explore the treatment timing and the influence of orthodontic traction on the root development and alveolar bone height in the mixed dentition. Methods: Twenty-two patients with vertically impacted maxillary central incisor who were admitted to the Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from December 2012 to December 2017 were selected [12 males and 10 females, (9.2±0.9) years]. Based on the dental age, patients were classified as early treatment group (teeth ranging from a third to two thirds of root formation, n= 12) and late treatment group (teeth with nearly or fully complete root formation, n= 10). The contralateral maxillary central incisor was used as the control. Three-dimensional reconstruction of CBCT before treatment, after treatment and one year after treatment was carried out to measure root length, tooth surface area, tooth volume, labial and lingual apical alveolar bone thickness, the loss of labial alveolar bone height and intraosseous root ratio. The clinical crown length was measured in the mouth. The difference values of the measurement variables between the impacted teeth and the control teeth were calculated and analyzed(measurement values of impacted teeth were subtracted from control values). Results: The values of root length difference beween the impacted teeth and the control teeth in the early and late treatment group were (1.58±1.56) mm and (2.57±1.00) mm, respectively after the treatment and the values were significantly less than those corresponding values before treatment [(3.47±1.40) and (3.36±0.79) mm] ( P< 0.05). After the treatment, the values of the surface area and volume difference between the impacted teeth and the control teeth in the early treatment group [(0±34) mm(2) and (-10±44) mm(3)] were significantly less than those corresponding values before treatment [(38±31) mm(2) and (55±70) mm(3)] ( P< 0.05). The value differences of any measurement variables between the early and late treatment group were not significantly different after the treatment ( P> 0.05). The root length and intraosseous root ratio of the impacted teeth after the treatment in the early and late treatment group were significantly less than those of the control teeth after the treatment ( P< 0.05). The clinical crown length, the loss of labial alveolar bone height of the impacted teeth after the treatment were significantly larger than those of the control teeth after the treatment ( P< 0.05). Conclusions: Orthodontic traction promoted the root growth and development of the vertically impacted maxillary central incisors. However, the root length and alveolar bone height still cannot reach the normal level after treatment. Treatment timing had no effect on root development and alveolar bone height of vertically impacted maxillary central incisors in mixed dentition.

Introduction: The aim of this work was to analyze data of patients with failed or delayed eruption of first and second permanent molars, to assess the effectiveness of the treatment methods used., Methods: Epidemiologic and clinical data of 125 patients (mean age 14.08 ± 4.04 years) with 197 affected molars (30 first and 167 second molars) were retrospectively analyzed. The treatment outcome was known in 161 molars after patient drop-out (20 patients with 36 molars). The cases were categorized into 8 groups according to the choice of treatment: orthodontic uprighting, surgical-orthodontic uprighting, surgical uprighting, surgical repositioning, surgical exposure, first or second molar extraction, third molar extraction, or removal of pathologic conditions., Results: The overall treatment outcome was positive in 141 molars (87.6%). It was positive in all cases treated with orthodontic uprighting (7 molars), surgical exposure (10 molars), surgical uprighting (38 molars), and surgical repositioning (8 molars), but it was significantly lower for surgical-orthodontic uprighting (34/48 molars, 70.8%). The positive outcome was significantly lower for inclusion (52/68 molars, 76.5%) than for early-diagnosed condition (11/11 molars, 100%) and retention (78/82 molars, 95.1%), and for total bone crown coverage (21/28 molars, 75.0%) than for osteomucosal or mucosal crown coverage (120/133 molars, 90.2%)., Conclusions: This study demonstrates that an early diagnosis results in a better outcome regardless of the treatment used, with the number of cases with a positive outcome being higher in younger patients., (Copyright © 2019 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The approximity of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) to the roots of lower third molars (M3) is a risk factor for the occurrence of nerve damage and subsequent sensory disturbances of the lower lip and chin following the removal of third molars. To assess this risk, the identification of M3 and IAN on dental panoramic radiographs (OPG) is mandatory. In this study, we developed and validated an automated approach, based on deep-learning, to detect and segment the M3 and IAN on OPGs. As a reference, M3s and IAN were segmented manually on 81 OPGs. A deep-learning approach based on U-net was applied on the reference data to train the convolutional neural network (CNN) in the detection and segmentation of the M3 and IAN. Subsequently, the trained U-net was applied onto the original OPGs to detect and segment both structures. Dice-coefficients were calculated to quantify the degree of similarity between the manually and automatically segmented M3s and IAN. The mean dice-coefficients for M3s and IAN were 0.947 ± 0.033 and 0.847 ± 0.099, respectively. Deep-learning is an encouraging approach to segment anatomical structures and later on in clinical decision making, though further enhancement of the algorithm is advised to improve the accuracy.

Background: An impacted tooth is one of the most commonly occurring dental anomalies, although some types of impaction (i.e. inverted angulation) may be considered rare finding. There are many hypotheses regarding impaction aetiology. One of the most popular hypotheses suggested that this condition may result from insufficient space in retromolar space, other: improper angulation of tooth bud, malposition of the tooth germ or hereditary factors, insufficient interproximal attrition, ectopy or dysfunction of genes necessary for proper tooth eruption. This study aims to present the odontological and paleopathological assessment of the impacted molars observed within the skull excavated from an early modern cemetery in Wroclaw., Materials and Methods: The skull used in the study was complete and in a good state of preservation. It belonged to an adult individual whose body was buried at the former Salvator Cemetery (currently Czysty Square). The individual's dentition was almost completely lost antemortem. Only second molars preserved within the maxillae (bilaterally) and the mandible was almost edentulous as well. The morphometric traits have been taken according to standards established by R. Martin. Macroscopic observations were supported by X-rays and computed tomography imaging., Results: The age at death was estimated at 20-35 years. Comparison of the metric characteristics of skull with the reference material reveals that it is much smaller than the average female skull from this series. Morphometric indices calculated for both splanchocranium and neurocranium allow defining the skull and jaw as short, which could be an important factor involved in the teeth impaction., Conclusions: Atypical impaction of the third molars could result from small size of skull and could have significantly deteriorated the quality of life of the individual.

Aim: The aim of this study is to discuss a case of an 11-year-old pediatric patient, who was diagnosed with delayed eruption of the permanent maxillary central incisors because of palatally impacted supernumerary teeth., Background: The delayed eruption of permanent teeth can be a result of blocking by supernumerary teeth and over-retained primary teeth. Early diagnosis can help in avoiding the complications. The management of such cases depends on the stage of teeth development, teeth position, and space availability. Treatment may combine both surgical and orthodontic interventions., Case Description: The case was managed by surgically removing the primary retained teeth and supernumerary teeth in two visits then allowing the impacted permanent incisors to erupt without any intervention., Conclusion: After 18 months follow-up, the two permanent incisors erupted spontaneously with no orthodontic intervention., Clinical Significance: dentists should be aware of the importance of early diagnosis of supernumerary teeth. The management of such cases should be designed by a multidisciplinary team decision.

The orthodontic-oral surgery interface is important for the multidisciplinary management of patients presenting with complex dental anomalies. This article provides an overview of anomalies of eruption and transpositions, their diagnosis, aetiology, presenting features and the different management options. It also highlights the role of the general dental practitioner (GDP) in identifying such anomalies and the importance of timely referral to specialist care.

Background: The aetiology of the canine displacement still remains controversial. Some authors implicated a deficiency in maxillary width as a local mechanical cause for impacted canines. The aim of the study was to examine whether there is a relationship between impacted maxillary canines, early diagnosed by using panoramic radiographs, and the morphology of the maxilla on 3D model casts., Methods: The displaced maxillary canines (DMC) group consisted of 24 patients (mean age, 9.1 ± 1.1 years), while the control group consisted of 25 subjects (mean age, 8.7 ± 0.9 years). Seven measurements were calculated on the digital casts of each subject: intermolar width (IMW), arch length (AL), depth of the palatal vault (PVD), available arch space (AAS), the sum of the anterior segments (SAS), the right/affected (R-Af) and left/unaffected (L-Un) available spaces., Results: Both IMW and AL in the DMC group were significantly decreased relative to the control group (P < 0.01), indicating that patients with displaced canines presented a shorter and narrower palate than subjects without eruption problems. Moreover, the values of the SAS and AAS were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in the DMC group relative to the controls., Conclusions: The shape of the maxillary arch was narrower and shorter in the displaced maxillary canines group compared with the control group.

Permanent maxillary central incisor impaction is a rare condition of multifactorial etiology that should be treated on diagnosis. This article describes multidisciplinary treatment of an 11-year-old patient presenting with a permanent maxillary right central incisor that was impacted due to the presence of 2 supernumerary teeth. The diagnosis was reached through clinical evaluation, radiography, and cone beam computed tomography. Treatment involved the surgical removal of the supernumerary teeth followed by traction of the impacted tooth through a combination of removable and fixed orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic treatment was completed after 18 months, resulting in adequate positioning of the right central incisor in the arch. Periodic follow-up visits were scheduled for prophylaxis and oral hygiene reinforcement. After 2 years, the teeth were adequately aligned, the gingiva was healthy, and the patient was esthetically satisfied. The multidisciplinary approach allowed functional and esthetic oral rehabilitation, thus helping the patient to avoid the psychological impact of a missing anterior tooth.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical records of all patients evaluated for supernumerary teeth at the University of Illinois-Chicago Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery postgraduate clinic from January 1, 2010 to October 31, 2015 to determine the demographics of impacted supernumerary teeth among different ethnicities in the city of Chicago., Materials and Methods: A retrospective case series was completed on patients eligible for inclusion in the study who had a diagnosis of at least 1 full bony impacted supernumerary tooth (D7240). Other variables evaluated included date of surgical intervention, age at time of treatment, gender, ethnicity, location and number of supernumerary teeth present, and family history of supernumerary teeth., Results: There were 459 male and 308 female patients (male-to-female ratio, 1.5:1). Patient ages ranged from 4 to 51 years (average, 13.1) at the time of surgery. Five hundred seventy-three patients (74.7%) were of Hispanic descent. Supernumerary teeth were found most frequently in the maxilla (69.9%), specifically in the central incisor region (526 teeth; 51.2%). Of the responding patient sample (258 patients), 53 patients (20.5%) reported a family history of supernumerary dentition. Of these 53 patients who reported a family history of supernumerary dentition, 37 (69.8%) were of Hispanic descent. Most of these Hispanic patients (83.8%) originated from Mexico., Conclusions: The incidence of supernumerary teeth is higher in male patients (male-to-female ratio, 1.5:1), and these teeth are most frequently found in the maxilla (69.9%), specifically the central incisor region (51.2%). A large percentage of patients (20.5%) also had first-degree relatives with a supernumerary dentition, and this fact might warrant further investigation into the possible genetics responsible for the formation of supernumerary teeth., (Copyright © 2017 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Odontoma is considered to be the most common odontogenic tumor of the oral cavity. Most odontomas are asymptomatic and are discovered during routine radiographic investigations and can cause disturbances in the eruption of the teeth, most commonly delayed eruption or deflection. By a retrospective study design, demographic and clinical data regarding patients who presented odontomas from year 1995 to 2015 were obtained in order and the influence of active therapy on the dentition and on the treatment of impacted teeth was analyzed. Forty-five patients (mean age 14.2 years) with 29 complex and 16 compound odontomas were included in this retrospective study. Initial symptoms were delayed eruption of permanent teeth (n = 25), pain (n = 6), swellings (n = 4), and no symptoms (n = 10); 31 patients were discovered by incidence, all of them via panoramic radiographs. The mandible/maxilla ratio was about 2:1 (31/15). Thirty-two out of 45 odontomas were in close proximity of at least 1 tooth (n = 21 at incisive). A total of 12 teeth were extracted (complex: n = 8; compound: n = 4). Of the nonextracted teeth, 33 teeth were displaced and retained. Of those, 29 teeth were aligned through orthodontic-surgical approach and 4 teeth erupted spontaneously after surgery during the follow-up period. An early detection of odontoma is more likely an accidental radiological finding, hence the need for routine radiographic analysis should be emphasized. Early diagnosis of odontomas in primary dentition is crucial in order to prevent later complications, such as impaction or failure of eruption of teeth.

Teeth in excess number than the normal count are called supernumerary teeth. They can be either unilateral or bilateral and single or multiple, found at any place in the dental arch, but most commonly found in the anterior maxillary region. Supernumerary teeth are commonly associated with syndromes when present in more numbers, but can be idiopathic. The present study shows a case report of a 16-year-old female patient who reported with overretained deciduous teeth. A panoramic radiograph showed multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. Based on clinical features and radiographic examination, a diagnosis of idiopathic hyperdontia was given. In such types of patients, management must be planned by a multidisciplinary approach.

A middle-aged man presented for evaluation of a mixed-density lesion of the left posterior mandible. This clinicopathologic correlation presents the radiographic, clinical, and histopathologic findings; differential diagnosis; and treatment plan for this case. The lesion was deemed to be of bacteriologic origin, likely a polymicrobial infection containing actinomycetes. Clinical care and follow-up for the patient are discussed.

The Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is one of the most controversial benign odontogenic tumor, which has been known to the pathologists for the past 100 years. Since then the history, histogenesis and histopathologic designation of AOT remains a matter of debate. Some authors consider it as a true benign neoplasm while others consider it as a hamartoma and still others as an odontogenic cyst. Here we propose that the AOT should not be considered as a cyst because its true cystic nature remains questionable. We hypothesize that when the AOT arises from a change in REE covering of the impacted tooth, then it appears as cystic in nature & certainly not a true cyst by origin. Further studies on the histogenesis are required to change the nomenclature of AOT to adenomatoid odontogenic cyst (AOC)., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

While impaction of a tooth or two in dentoalveolar region is common, ectopic presence of them in non-dentate area is less commonly reported. A 45-year-old female reported to the department with pain on right back teeth region since two days. On examination, grossly decayed 46, root stump 47, missing 48, with poor periodontal status were noted. Panoramic radiograph was advised for screening, which revealed an inverted impacted 48 at the right ramus just below subcondylar region. However, it was an incidental finding and the patient was asymptomatic, she was informed about the pros and the cons of her case and kept under close monitoring.

A tooth normally erupts when half to three-quarters of its final root length has developed. Tooth impaction is usually diagnosed well after this period and is generally asymptomatic. It is principally for this reason that patients seek treatment later than optimal. Tooth impaction is a common problem in daily orthodontic practice and, in most cases, it is recognized by chance in a routine dental examination. Therefore, it is very important that dental practitioners are aware of this condition, since early detection and intervention may help to prevent many harmful complications. The treatment of impacted teeth requires multidisciplinary cooperation between orthodontists, oral surgeons and sometimes periodontists. Orthodontic treatment and surgical exposure of impacted teeth are performed in order to bring the impacted tooth into the line of the arch. The treatment is long, more complicated and challenging. This article presents an overview of the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications associated with the management of impacted teeth.

Background: Limited studies have proposed protocols for the management of failure of eruption (FOE) of permanent molars with no clear consensus or guidelines. Accurate diagnosis is challenging but key for successful management., Aims: Confirm key diagnostic criteria that will aid diagnostic differentiation between primary failure of eruption (PFE) and mechanical failure of eruption (MFE) of permanent molars and identify successful management strategies., Design: Retrospective descriptive study. Patients diagnosed with FOE of permanent molars (excluding impaction) between January 2003 and December 2013 were identified. Patient details and clinical and radiological features of FOE were recorded. Two examiners analysed the data. A diagnosis of PFE or MFE was made based on a combination of current protocols. Management strategies for each were identified and reported as satisfactory/unsatisfactory., Results: Thirty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen were classified as PFE and 14 as MFE. One patient was too young to confirm diagnosis, and one patient had delayed eruption. A total of 26% of cases were misdiagnosed which led to unsuccessful orthodontic management., Conclusion: We propose a protocol based on the results of this study coupled with existing protocols in the form of a simple flow diagram to aid accurate diagnosis and management of this rare and challenging clinical problem., (© 2015 BSPD, IAPD and John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of third molar impaction and associated symptoms in a Central Anatolian Turkish population., Material and Methods: A total of 2,133 impacted third molar teeth of 705 panoramic radiographs were reviewed. The positions of impacted third molar teeth on the panoramic radiographs were documented according to the classifications of Pell and Gregory and of Winter. The presence of related symptoms including pain, pericoronitis, lymphadenopathy and trismus was noted for every patient. Distributions of obtained values were compared using the Pearson χ2 test. Nonparametric values were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test., Results: The mean age of the subjects was 30.58 ± 11.98 years (range: 19-73); in a review of the 2,133 impacted third molar teeth, the most common angulation of impaction in both maxillaries was vertical (1,177; 55%). Level B impaction was the most common in the maxilla (425/1,037; 39%), while level C impaction was the most common in the mandible (635/1,096; 61%). Pain (272/705; 39%) and pericoronitis (188/705; 27%) were found to be the most common complications of impaction. Among 705 patients (335 males, 370 females), pericoronitis was more prevalent in males (101; 30%) and usually related to lower third molars (236; 22%). The retromolar space was significantly smaller in females (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference in retromolar space for the area of jaw (maxillary: 11.3 mm; mandibular: 14.2 mm) and impaction level (A: 14.7 mm; B: 11.1 mm; C: 10.3 mm; p < 0.05)., Conclusion: The pattern of third molar impaction in a Central Anatolian Turkish population was characterized by a high prevalence rate of level C impaction with vertical position. Pain and pericoronitis were the most common symptoms usually associated with level A impaction and vertical position., (© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Intracoronal resorption of the permanent dentition in cases of amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a rare finding which poses an added complication to the already complex management of this condition. This paper presents three cases of AI associated with delayed eruption of permanent teeth in which asymptomatic intracoronal resorption occurred. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper highlights the fact that teeth affected with amelogenesis imperfecta may undergo asymptomatic intracoronal resorption which is only identifiable radiographically.

The French Society of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (SFSCMFCO) together with the Medical Society of Dento-Maxillofacial Orthopedics has drawn up in 2015 a new practice guideline concerning the management of one or several impacted cuspids. As the previous ones, this guideline is based on a rigorous French Heath Regulation Authorities type methodology. It is thus intended to become a major reference in its field. We report hereafter the short version of the text in the same way it has been presented during the 2015 French National Congress of the SFSCMFCO in Lyon - France. Each of these recommendations is marked A, B or C according to a decreasing evidence based rating scale. Lacking any evidence-based data, the recommendation is considered as an expert opinion (AE). The full text of this guideline is available on the website of the SFSCMFCO at the following address: http://www.sfscmfco.fr/; "Recommandations de bonnes pratiques" section. A patient information sheet is also proposed by the working group. Happy reading., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze clinic and radiologic features of the 69 odontoma cases and present a rare case of erupted compound odontoma in the oral cavity., Material and Methods: The 69 cases were analyzed with regard to the following parameters: age, gender, location, associated unerupted teeth, missing teeth, radiological and histopathological features and treatment protocols., Results: Of the 69 cases, 49 were compound odontoma and 20 were complex odontoma. There was a female predilection for both compound and complex odontomas. Compound odontoma occurred more often in the anterior region of the jaws; complex lesions occurred more often at the posterior mandible. The most common clinical manifestations were the retention of permanent teeth., Conclusion: Compound odontomas rarely erupt into the mouth. The presented case is the 13 th case of erupted compound odontoma reported in the literature. The treatment of choice is surgical removal of the odontoma. In the case of odontomas associated to impacted teeth, the teeth should be preserved in wait of spontaneous eruption, or alternatively fenestration followed by orthodontic traction is indicated. Regular follow-up period is crucial to evaluate the prognosis of these teeth.

Impaction of multiple permanent incisors associated with a dentigerous cyst is a rare entity, and its management is challenging to any dentist. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning are critical for the best treatment outcome. The purpose of this case report is to describe a step-by-step approach to managing impacted teeth associated with a large dentigerous cyst in the maxilla of a young female patient.

Unlabelled: [ABSTRACT], Objective: To determine the value of low dose spiral CT scanning in diagnosing impacted teeth of children and adolescents., Methods: A total of 153 children and adolescents with confirmed impacted teeth in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University were enrolled in this study. They were divided into 5 groups according to the different spiral CT scan parameters (tube current time product, scanning thickness and collimation value): Group A (n=30, 330 mAs, 6 X 0. 75 mm and 3. 0 mm), Group B (n=30, 140 mAs, 6 X 0. 75 mm and 3. 0 mm), Group C (n=30, 80 mAs, 6 X 0. 75 mm and 3. 0 mm), Group D (n=31, 80 mAs, 6 X 1. 50 mm and 5. 0 mm), and Group E (n=32, 50 mAs, 6 X 1. 50 mm and 5. 0 mm). There were no significant differences in general clinical features (P>0. 05) among the participants of the five groups. The phantoms were used to measure spatial resolution and contrast resolution of the scan images. Dose length product (DLP) was recorded during CT scanning for calculating effective dose (ED) of exposure. The quality of images was evaluated using a list of quality scoring criteria., Results: (1) Under 330, 140, 80, 80 and 50 mAs, the images had a spatial resolution of 1.0 mm, with contrast resolution of 2. 0, 3. 0, 4. 5, 4. 5 and 6. 0 mm, respectively. (2) Significant differences in ED values were found among the five groups (F=1 064. 119, P=0. 000) and between every two of those groups (P<0. 05). Group E had the lowest ED (0. 19 mSv), 86. 52%, 67. 24%, 45. 71%, and 38. 71% lower than that in Group A, B, C and D, respectively (P<0. 05). (3) All of the five groups obtained an image quality score above 3, and no statistical differences appeared among the 5 groupl (F=1. 978, P>0. 05). The diagnostic results of the spiral CT were consistent with those of orthodontic surgery., Conclusion: Low dose spiral CT scanning can meet the image quality requirements for diagnosing impacted teeth, minimizing radiation exposure effectively.

The objective of this study was to assess the association between the histopathological diagnoses of dentigerous cysts and pericoronal follicles and the positions of impacted third molars. The sample comprised 151 cases, diagnosed as dentigerous cysts and pericoronal follicles. Most patients were female (70.9%), white (90.1%), and age 20 years or older (63.6%). Ninety-eight cases (64.9%) were diagnosed as pericoronal follicles and 53 (35.1%) as dentigerous cysts. Teeth that developed dentigerous cysts were predominantly located in the mandible (84.9%), in a mesioangular position (49.1%), and in the 20- to 29-year age group (66.0%). The mandible seems to be the most frequent location of impacted teeth, probably because mandibular tooth eruption is more difficult, as well as dentigerous cysts, probably because the long duration of impaction increases the exposure to inflammatory stimuli and, thus, the potential for formation of dentigerous cysts. The findings also suggest that the incidence of dentigerous cysts tends to increase with age, especially for mandibular teeth in mesioangular positions.

Transmigration, an extremely rare anomaly that happens almost exclusively with mandibular canines, is defined as a pre-eruptive migration across the midline. It can lead to various restorative, surgical, orthodontic, and interceptive problems. This condition usually is not related to any painful symptoms and cannot be detected on clinical examination. This article presents 3 cases of transmigration. In 1 case, the right canine was involved, which is considered to be especially rare. This case series also highlights the importance of early diagnosis for the interceptive treatment of transmigration.

Dentigerous cysts are odontogenic developmental cysts, which mostly surround the crown of unerupted teeth, odontomas or supernumerary teeth. These cysts are mostly solitary in occurrence and their bilateral presentation is rare, especially in the absence of syndromes such as Maroteaux-Lamy, basal cell nevus or cleidocranial dysplasia. We present an unusual case of a 24-year-old female with nonsyndromic bilateral dentigerous cysts associated with unerupted mandibular canines that were diagnosed histopathologically as dentigerous cysts.

This study evaluated the validity of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the assessment of mandibular canal and impacted third molar. In this descriptive-analytical study, 58 mandibular third molars from 42 patients who showed a close relationship between impacted third molar and canal on panoramic radiographs were selected. They were then classified into seven radiographic markers in panoramic radiographs (superimposition, darkening of the root, interruption of the white lines, root narrowing, canal diversion, canal narrowing, and also closed distance in OPG <1mm). The groups of markers were further assessed with CBCT to see presence or absence of contact. The three most common markers seen in panoramic images are superimposition, interruption of white line and root darkening. In CBCT, superimposition marker always presented higher frequency of contact with canal compared to non-contact group. There are 31% of teeth presented with interruption of white lines and there are 29.3% of teeth presented with superimposition. About 55.6% and 35.3% of the impacted mandibular third molars which indicated interruption of white lines and superimposition also indicated contact in the CBCT respectively. Presence or absence of radiological sign in panoramic radiography was not properly predict a close relationship with third molar and it is suggested that in case of tooth-canal overlapping, the patient should be referred for CBCT assessment.

Pindborg tumor/Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (CEOT) is a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor which shows locally aggressive behavior and accounts for less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. The most frequent location is the mandibular premolar and molar area; less frequently the lesion is found in the maxilla. Since histopathology remains the main method for definitive diagnosis, this lesion presents an enigma to a clinician when lesions occur in atypical locations. The authors report a case of CEOT in the maxillary anterior region associated with an impacted supernumerary tooth (mesiodens).

An unerupted maxillary central incisor is an uncommon finding in general dental practice. A thorough patient history and radiological examinations can reveal surprising findings. This article presents a case involving a dilacerated and impacted maxillary central incisor, examines its probable etiology, and discusses the condition in terms of pertinent literature.