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1. Self-Supervised Clustering on Image-Subtracted Data with Deep-Embedded Self-Organizing Map

Author

Mong, Y. -L., Ackley, K., Killestein, T. L., Galloway, D. K., Dyer, M., Cutter, R., Brown, M. J. I., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Steeghs, D., Dhillon, V., O'Brien, P., Ramsay, G., Noysena, K., Kotak, R., Breton, R., Nuttall, L., Palle, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Awiphan, S., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R., Gompertz, B. P., Heikkila, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M., Levan, A., Littlefair, S., Makrygianni, L., Marsh, T., Sanchez, D. Mata, Mattila, S., Maund, J. R., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Mullaney, J., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E., Starling, R., Strom, P., Tooke, S., and Wiersema, K.

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Developing an effective automatic classifier to separate genuine sources from artifacts is essential for transient follow-ups in wide-field optical surveys. The identification of transient detections from the subtraction artifacts after the image differencing process is a key step in such classifiers, known as real-bogus classification problem. We apply a self-supervised machine learning model, the deep-embedded self-organizing map (DESOM) to this "real-bogus" classification problem. DESOM combines an autoencoder and a self-organizing map to perform clustering in order to distinguish between real and bogus detections, based on their dimensionality-reduced representations. We use 32x32 normalized detection thumbnails as the input of DESOM. We demonstrate different model training approaches, and find that our best DESOM classifier shows a missed detection rate of 6.6% with a false positive rate of 1.5%. DESOM offers a more nuanced way to fine-tune the decision boundary identifying likely real detections when used in combination with other types of classifiers, for example built on neural networks or decision trees. We also discuss other potential usages of DESOM and its limitations.

Published
2022
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2. The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO): prototype performance and prospects for transient science

Author

Steeghs, D., Galloway, D. K., Ackley, K., Dyer, M. J., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Cutter, R., Mong, Y. L., Dhillon, V., O'Brien, P., Ramsay, G., Poshyachinda, S., Kotak, R., Nuttall, L. K., Palle, E., Breton, R. P., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Aukkaravittayapun, S., Awiphan, S., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R., Gompertz, B., Heikkila, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M. R., Killestein, T., Kuncarayakti, H., Levan, A. J., Littlefair, S., Makrygianni, L., Marsh, T., Mata-Sanchez, D., Mattila, S., Maund, J., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Mullaney, J., Noysena, K., Patel, M., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E. R., Starling, R., Strom, P., Tooke, S., West, R., White, D. J., and Wiersema, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) is an array of wide-field optical telescopes, designed to exploit new discoveries from the next generation of gravitational wave detectors (LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA), study rapidly evolving transients, and exploit multi-messenger opportunities arising from neutrino and very high energy gamma-ray triggers. In addition to a rapid response mode, the array will also perform a sensitive, all-sky transient survey with few day cadence. The facility features a novel, modular design with multiple 40-cm wide-field reflectors on a single mount. In June 2017 the GOTO collaboration deployed the initial project prototype, with 4 telescope units, at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM), La Palma, Canary Islands. Here we describe the deployment, commissioning, and performance of the prototype hardware, and discuss the impact of these findings on the final GOTO design. We also offer an initial assessment of the science prospects for the full GOTO facility that employs 32 telescope units across two sites., Comment: 19 pages, 16 Figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2021
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3. Searching For Fermi GRB Optical Counterparts With The Prototype Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)

Author

Mong, Y. -L., Ackley, K., Galloway, D. K., Dyer, M., Cutter, R., Brown, M. J. I., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Steeghs, D., Dhillon, V., OBrien, P., Ramsay, G., Noysena, K., Kotak, R., Breton, R., Nuttall, L., Palle, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Awiphan, S., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R., Gompertz, B., Heikkila, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M., Killestein, T., Levan, A., Littlefair, S., Makrygianni, L., Marsh, T., Mata-Sanchez, D., Mattila, S., Maund, J., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Mullaney, J., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E., Starling, R., Strom, P., Tooke, S., and Wiersema, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The typical detection rate of $\sim1$ gamma-ray burst (GRB) per day by the \emph{Fermi} Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) provides a valuable opportunity to further our understanding of GRB physics. However, the large uncertainty of the \emph{Fermi} localization typically prevents rapid identification of multi-wavelength counterparts. We report the follow-up of 93 \emph{Fermi} GRBs with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) prototype on La Palma. We selected 53 events (based on favourable observing conditions) for detailed analysis, and to demonstrate our strategy of searching for optical counterparts. We apply a filtering process consisting of both automated and manual steps to 60\,085 candidates initially, rejecting all but 29, arising from 15 events. With $\approx3$ GRB afterglows expected to be detectable with GOTO from our sample, most of the candidates are unlikely to be related to the GRBs. Since we did not have multiple observations for those candidates, we cannot confidently confirm the association between the transients and the GRBs. Our results show that GOTO can effectively search for GRB optical counterparts thanks to its large field of view of $\approx40$ square degrees and its depth of $\approx20$ mag. We also detail several methods to improve our overall performance for future follow-up programs of \emph{Fermi} GRBs.

Published
2021
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4. Light curve classification with recurrent neural networks for GOTO: dealing with imbalanced data

Author

Burhanudin, U. F., Maund, J. R., Killestein, T., Ackley, K., Dyer, M. J., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Cutter, R., Mong, Y. -L., Steeghs, D., Galloway, D. K., Dhillon, V., O'Brien, P., Ramsay, G., Noysena, K., Kotak, R., Breton, R. P., Nuttall, L., Pallé, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Awiphan, S., Chote, P., Chrimes, A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R., Gompertz, B., Heikkilä, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M. R., Levan, A., Littlefair, S., Makrygianni, L., Mata-Sánchez, D., Mattila, S., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Mullaney, J., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E., Starling, R., Strøm, P., Tooke, S., and Wiersema, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The advent of wide-field sky surveys has led to the growth of transient and variable source discoveries. The data deluge produced by these surveys has necessitated the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms to sift through the vast incoming data stream. A problem that arises in real-world applications of learning algorithms for classification is imbalanced data, where a class of objects within the data is underrepresented, leading to a bias for over-represented classes in the ML and DL classifiers. We present a recurrent neural network (RNN) classifier that takes in photometric time-series data and additional contextual information (such as distance to nearby galaxies and on-sky position) to produce real-time classification of objects observed by the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO), and use an algorithm-level approach for handling imbalance with a focal loss function. The classifier is able to achieve an Area Under the Curve (AUC) score of 0.972 when using all available photometric observations to classify variable stars, supernovae, and active galactic nuclei. The RNN architecture allows us to classify incomplete light curves, and measure how performance improves as more observations are included. We also investigate the role that contextual information plays in producing reliable object classification., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Published
2021
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5. Processing GOTO data with the Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines II: Forced Photometry and light curves

Author

Makrygianni, L., Mullaney, J., Dhillon, V., Littlefair, S., Ackley, K., Dyer, M. J., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Cutter, R., Mong, Y. -L., Steeghs, D., Galloway, D. K., O'Brien, P., Ramsay, G., Poshyachinda, S., Kotak, R., Nuttall, L., Pallé, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Aukkaravittayapun, S., Awiphan, S., Breton, R., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R., Gompertz, B., Heikkilä, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M., Killestein, T., Levan, A., Marsh, T., Mata-Sanchez, D., Mattila, S., Maund, J., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E., Starling, R., Strøm, P. A., Tooke, S., and Wiersema, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We have adapted the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Science Pipelines to process data from the Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) prototype. In this paper, we describe how we used the Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines to conduct forced photometry measurements on nightly GOTO data. By comparing the photometry measurements of sources taken on multiple nights, we find that the precision of our photometry is typically better than 20~mmag for sources brighter than 16 mag. We also compare our photometry measurements against colour-corrected PanSTARRS photometry, and find that the two agree to within 10~mmag (1$\sigma$) for bright (i.e., $\sim14^{\rm th}$~mag) sources to 200~mmag for faint (i.e., $\sim18^{\rm th}$~mag) sources. Additionally, we compare our results to those obtained by GOTO's own in-house pipeline, {\sc gotophoto}, and obtain similar results. Based on repeatability measurements, we measure a $5\sigma$ L-band survey depth of between 19 and 20 magnitudes, depending on observing conditions. We assess, using repeated observations of non-varying standard SDSS stars, the accuracy of our uncertainties, which we find are typically overestimated by roughly a factor of two for bright sources (i.e., $<15^{\rm th}$~mag), but slightly underestimated (by roughly a factor of 1.25) for fainter sources ($>17^{\rm th}$~mag). Finally, we present lightcurves for a selection of variable sources, and compare them to those obtained with the Zwicky Transient Factory and GAIA. Despite the Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines still undergoing active development, our results show that they are already delivering robust forced photometry measurements from GOTO data., Comment: Accepted for publication in PASA

Published
2021
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6. Transient-optimised real-bogus classification with Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks -- sifting the GOTO candidate stream

Author

Killestein, T. L., Lyman, J., Steeghs, D., Ackley, K., Dyer, M. J., Ulaczyk, K., Cutter, R., Mong, Y. -L., Galloway, D. K., Dhillon, V., O'Brien, P., Ramsay, G., Poshyachinda, S., Kotak, R., Breton, R. P., Nuttall, L. K., Pallé, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Aukkaravittayapun, S., Awiphan, S., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R., Gompertz, B., Heikkilä, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M. R., Levan, A., Littlefair, S., Makrygianni, L., Sánchez, D. Mata, Mattila, S., Maund, J., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Mullaney, J., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E., Starling, R., Strøm, P. A., Tooke, S., Wiersema, K., and Williams, S. C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Large-scale sky surveys have played a transformative role in our understanding of astrophysical transients, only made possible by increasingly powerful machine learning-based filtering to accurately sift through the vast quantities of incoming data generated. In this paper, we present a new real-bogus classifier based on a Bayesian convolutional neural network that provides nuanced, uncertainty-aware classification of transient candidates in difference imaging, and demonstrate its application to the datastream from the GOTO wide-field optical survey. Not only are candidates assigned a well-calibrated probability of being real, but also an associated confidence that can be used to prioritise human vetting efforts and inform future model optimisation via active learning. To fully realise the potential of this architecture, we present a fully-automated training set generation method which requires no human labelling, incorporating a novel data-driven augmentation method to significantly improve the recovery of faint and nuclear transient sources. We achieve competitive classification accuracy (FPR and FNR both below 1%) compared against classifiers trained with fully human-labelled datasets, whilst being significantly quicker and less labour-intensive to build. This data-driven approach is uniquely scalable to the upcoming challenges and data needs of next-generation transient surveys. We make our data generation and model training codes available to the community., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, resubmitted to MNRAS following reviewer comments

Published
2021
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7. Processing GOTO data with the Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines I : Production of coadded frames

Author

Mullaney, J. R., Makrygianni, L., Dhillon, V., Littlefair, S., Ackley, K., Dyer, M., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Cutter, R., Mong, Y. L., Steeghs, D., Galloway, D. K., O'Brien, P., Ramsay, G., Poshyachinda, S., Kotak, R., Nuttall, L., Pallé, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Aukkaravittayapun, S., Awiphan, S., Breton, R., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R., Gompertz, B., Heikkilä, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M., Killestein, T., Levan, A., Marsh, T., Mata-Sanchez, D., Mattila, S., Maund, J., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E., Starling, R., Tooke, S., and Wiersema, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The past few decades have seen the burgeoning of wide field, high cadence surveys, the most formidable of which will be the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) to be conducted by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. So new is the field of systematic time-domain survey astronomy, however, that major scientific insights will continue to be obtained using smaller, more flexible systems than the LSST. One such example is the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO), whose primary science objective is the optical follow-up of Gravitational Wave events. The amount and rate of data production by GOTO and other wide-area, high-cadence surveys presents a significant challenge to data processing pipelines which need to operate in near real-time to fully exploit the time-domain. In this study, we adapt the Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines to process GOTO data, thereby exploring the feasibility of using this "off-the-shelf" pipeline to process data from other wide-area, high-cadence surveys. In this paper, we describe how we use the LSST Science Pipelines to process raw GOTO frames to ultimately produce calibrated coadded images and photometric source catalogues. After comparing the measured astrometry and photometry to those of matched sources from PanSTARRS DR1, we find that measured source positions are typically accurate to sub-pixel levels, and that measured L-band photometries are accurate to $\sim50$ mmag at $m_L\sim16$ and $\sim200$ mmag at $m_L\sim18$. These values compare favourably to those obtained using GOTO's primary, in-house pipeline, GOTOPHOTO, in spite of both pipelines having undergone further development and improvement beyond the implementations used in this study. Finally, we release a generic "obs package" that others can build-upon should they wish to use the LSST Science Pipelines to process data from other facilities., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in PASA

Published
2020
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8. Searching for Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational-wave Merger Events with the Prototype Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO-4)

Author

Gompertz, B. P., Cutter, R., Steeghs, D., Galloway, D. K., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Dyer, M. J., Ackley, K., Dhillon, V. S., O'Brien, P. T., Ramsay, G., Poshyachinda, S., Kotak, R., Nuttall, L., Breton, R. P., Pallé, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Aukkaravittayapun, S., Awiphan, S., Brown, M. J. I., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A. A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R. A. J., Heikkilä, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M. R., Killestein, T., Levan, A. J., Littlefair, S., Makrygianni, L., Marsh, T., Sánchez, D. Mata, Mattila, S., Maund, J., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Mong, Y. -L., Mullaney, J., Müller, B., Obradovic, A., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E. R., Starling, R. L. C., Strøm, P., Tooke, S., West, R., and Wiersema, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the results of optical follow-up observations of 29 gravitational-wave triggers during the first half of the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (LVC) O3 run with the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) in its prototype 4-telescope configuration (GOTO-4). While no viable electromagnetic counterpart candidate was identified, we estimate our 3D (volumetric) coverage using test light curves of on- and off-axis gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae. In cases where the source region was observable immediately, GOTO-4 was able to respond to a GW alert in less than a minute. The average time of first observation was $8.79$ hours after receiving an alert ($9.90$ hours after trigger). A mean of $732.3$ square degrees were tiled per event, representing on average $45.3$ per cent of the LVC probability map, or $70.3$ per cent of the observable probability. This coverage will further improve as the facility scales up alongside the localisation performance of the evolving gravitational-wave detector network. Even in its 4-telescope prototype configuration, GOTO is capable of detecting AT2017gfo-like kilonovae beyond 200~Mpc in favourable observing conditions. We cannot currently place meaningful electromagnetic limits on the population of distant ($\hat{D}_L = 1.3$~Gpc) binary black hole mergers because our test models are too faint to recover at this distance. However, as GOTO is upgraded towards its full 32-telescope, 2 node (La Palma \& Australia) configuration, it is expected to be sufficiently sensitive to cover the predicted O4 binary neutron star merger volume, and will be able to respond to both northern and southern triggers., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Author's final submitted version

Published
2020
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9. Self-supervised clustering on image-subtracted data with deep-embedded self-organizing map

Author

Mong, Y-L, primary, Ackley, K, additional, Killestein, T L, additional, Galloway, D K, additional, Vassallo, C, additional, Dyer, M, additional, Cutter, R, additional, Brown, M J I, additional, Lyman, J, additional, Ulaczyk, K, additional, Steeghs, D, additional, Dhillon, V, additional, O’Brien, P, additional, Ramsay, G, additional, Noysena, K, additional, Kotak, R, additional, Breton, R, additional, Nuttall, L, additional, Pallé, E, additional, Pollacco, D, additional, Thrane, E, additional, Awiphan, S, additional, Burhanudin, U, additional, Chote, P, additional, Chrimes, A, additional, Daw, E, additional, Duffy, C, additional, Eyles-Ferris, R, additional, Gompertz, B P, additional, Heikkilä, T, additional, Irawati, P, additional, Kennedy, M, additional, Levan, A, additional, Littlefair, S, additional, Makrygianni, L, additional, Marsh, T, additional, Sánchez, D Mata, additional, Mattila, S, additional, Maund, J R, additional, McCormac, J, additional, Mkrtichian, D, additional, Mullaney, J, additional, Rol, E, additional, Sawangwit, U, additional, Stanway, E, additional, Starling, R, additional, Strøm, P, additional, Tooke, S, additional, and Wiersema, K, additional

Published
2022
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11. The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO): prototype performance and prospects for transient science

Author

Steeghs, D, primary, Galloway, D K, additional, Ackley, K, additional, Dyer, M J, additional, Lyman, J, additional, Ulaczyk, K, additional, Cutter, R, additional, Mong, Y-L, additional, Dhillon, V, additional, O’Brien, P, additional, Ramsay, G, additional, Poshyachinda, S, additional, Kotak, R, additional, Nuttall, L K, additional, Pallé, E, additional, Breton, R P, additional, Pollacco, D, additional, Thrane, E, additional, Aukkaravittayapun, S, additional, Awiphan, S, additional, Burhanudin, U, additional, Chote, P, additional, Chrimes, A, additional, Daw, E, additional, Duffy, C, additional, Eyles-Ferris, R, additional, Gompertz, B, additional, Heikkilä, T, additional, Irawati, P, additional, Kennedy, M R, additional, Killestein, T, additional, Kuncarayakti, H, additional, Levan, A J, additional, Littlefair, S, additional, Makrygianni, L, additional, Marsh, T, additional, Mata-Sanchez, D, additional, Mattila, S, additional, Maund, J, additional, McCormac, J, additional, Mkrtichian, D, additional, Mullaney, J, additional, Noysena, K, additional, Patel, M, additional, Rol, E, additional, Sawangwit, U, additional, Stanway, E R, additional, Starling, R, additional, Strøm, P, additional, Tooke, S, additional, West, R, additional, White, D J, additional, and Wiersema, K, additional

Published
2022
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12. Searching for Fermi GRB optical counterparts with the prototype Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO)

Author

Mong, Y-L, primary, Ackley, K, additional, Galloway, D K, additional, Dyer, M, additional, Cutter, R, additional, Brown, M J I, additional, Lyman, J, additional, Ulaczyk, K, additional, Steeghs, D, additional, Dhillon, V, additional, O’Brien, P, additional, Ramsay, G, additional, Noysena, K, additional, Kotak, R, additional, Breton, R, additional, Nuttall, L, additional, Pallé, E, additional, Pollacco, D, additional, Thrane, E, additional, Awiphan, S, additional, Burhanudin, U, additional, Chote, P, additional, Chrimes, A, additional, Daw, E, additional, Duffy, C, additional, Eyles-Ferris, R, additional, Gompertz, B, additional, Heikkilä, T, additional, Irawati, P, additional, Kennedy, M, additional, Killestein, T, additional, Levan, A, additional, Littlefair, S, additional, Makrygianni, L, additional, Marsh, T, additional, Mata-Sanchez, D, additional, Mattila, S, additional, Maund, J, additional, McCormac, J, additional, Mkrtichian, D, additional, Mullaney, J, additional, Rol, E, additional, Sawangwit, U, additional, Stanway, E, additional, Starling, R, additional, Strøm, P, additional, Tooke, S, additional, and Wiersema, K, additional

Published
2021
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13. Light-curve classification with recurrent neural networks for GOTO: dealing with imbalanced data

Author

Burhanudin, U F, primary, Maund, J R, additional, Killestein, T, additional, Ackley, K, additional, Dyer, M J, additional, Lyman, J, additional, Ulaczyk, K, additional, Cutter, R, additional, Mong, Y-L, additional, Steeghs, D, additional, Galloway, D K, additional, Dhillon, V, additional, O’Brien, P, additional, Ramsay, G, additional, Noysena, K, additional, Kotak, R, additional, Breton, R P, additional, Nuttall, L, additional, Pallé, E, additional, Pollacco, D, additional, Thrane, E, additional, Awiphan, S, additional, Chote, P, additional, Chrimes, A, additional, Daw, E, additional, Duffy, C, additional, Eyles-Ferris, R, additional, Gompertz, B, additional, Heikkilä, T, additional, Irawati, P, additional, Kennedy, M R, additional, Levan, A, additional, Littlefair, S, additional, Makrygianni, L, additional, Mata-Sánchez, D, additional, Mattila, S, additional, McCormac, J, additional, Mkrtichian, D, additional, Mullaney, J, additional, Sawangwit, U, additional, Stanway, E, additional, Starling, R, additional, Strøm, P, additional, Tooke, S, additional, and Wiersema, K, additional

Published
2021
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14. Transient-optimized real-bogus classification with Bayesian convolutional neural networks – sifting the GOTO candidate stream

Author

Killestein, T L, primary, Lyman, J, additional, Steeghs, D, additional, Ackley, K, additional, Dyer, M J, additional, Ulaczyk, K, additional, Cutter, R, additional, Mong, Y-L, additional, Galloway, D K, additional, Dhillon, V, additional, O’Brien, P, additional, Ramsay, G, additional, Poshyachinda, S, additional, Kotak, R, additional, Breton, R P, additional, Nuttall, L K, additional, Pallé, E, additional, Pollacco, D, additional, Thrane, E, additional, Aukkaravittayapun, S, additional, Awiphan, S, additional, Burhanudin, U, additional, Chote, P, additional, Chrimes, A, additional, Daw, E, additional, Duffy, C, additional, Eyles-Ferris, R, additional, Gompertz, B, additional, Heikkilä, T, additional, Irawati, P, additional, Kennedy, M R, additional, Levan, A, additional, Littlefair, S, additional, Makrygianni, L, additional, Mata Sánchez, D, additional, Mattila, S, additional, Maund, J, additional, McCormac, J, additional, Mkrtichian, D, additional, Mullaney, J, additional, Rol, E, additional, Sawangwit, U, additional, Stanway, E, additional, Starling, R, additional, Strøm, P A, additional, Tooke, S, additional, Wiersema, K, additional, and Williams, S C, additional

Published
2021
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15. Searching for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational-wave merger events with the prototype Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO-4)

Author

Gompertz, B.P., Cutter, R., Steeghs, D., Galloway, D.K., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Dyer, M.J., Ackley, K., Dhillon, V.S., O’Brien, P.T., Ramsay, G., Poshyachinda, S., Kotak, R., Nuttall, L., Breton, R.P., Pallé, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Aukkaravittayapun, S., Awiphan, S., Brown, M.J.I., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A.A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R.A.J., Heikkilä, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M.R., Killestein, T., Levan, A.J., Littlefair, S., Makrygianni, L., Marsh, T., Mata Sánchez, D., Mattila, S., Maund, J., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Mong, Y.-L., Mullaney, J., Müller, B., Obradovic, A., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E.R., Starling, R.L.C., Strøm, P.A., Tooke, S., West, R., Wiersema, K., Gompertz, B.P., Cutter, R., Steeghs, D., Galloway, D.K., Lyman, J., Ulaczyk, K., Dyer, M.J., Ackley, K., Dhillon, V.S., O’Brien, P.T., Ramsay, G., Poshyachinda, S., Kotak, R., Nuttall, L., Breton, R.P., Pallé, E., Pollacco, D., Thrane, E., Aukkaravittayapun, S., Awiphan, S., Brown, M.J.I., Burhanudin, U., Chote, P., Chrimes, A.A., Daw, E., Duffy, C., Eyles-Ferris, R.A.J., Heikkilä, T., Irawati, P., Kennedy, M.R., Killestein, T., Levan, A.J., Littlefair, S., Makrygianni, L., Marsh, T., Mata Sánchez, D., Mattila, S., Maund, J., McCormac, J., Mkrtichian, D., Mong, Y.-L., Mullaney, J., Müller, B., Obradovic, A., Rol, E., Sawangwit, U., Stanway, E.R., Starling, R.L.C., Strøm, P.A., Tooke, S., West, R., and Wiersema, K.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 221952.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)

Published
2020

16. Processing GOTO survey data with the Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines II: Forced Photometry and lightcurves

Author

Makrygianni, L., primary, Mullaney, J., additional, Dhillon, V., additional, Littlefair, S., additional, Ackley, K., additional, Dyer, M. J., additional, Lyman, J., additional, Ulaczyk, K., additional, Cutter, R., additional, Mong, Y.-L., additional, Steeghs, D., additional, Galloway, D. K., additional, O’Brien, P., additional, Ramsay, G., additional, Poshyachinda, S., additional, Kotak, R., additional, Nuttall, L., additional, Pallé, E., additional, Pollacco, D., additional, Thrane, E., additional, Aukkaravittayapun, S., additional, Awiphan, S., additional, Breton, R. P., additional, Burhanudin, U., additional, Chote, P., additional, Chrimes, A., additional, Daw, E., additional, Duffy, C., additional, Eyles-Ferris, R., additional, Gompertz, B., additional, Heikkilä, T., additional, Irawati, P., additional, Kennedy, M., additional, Killestein, T., additional, Levan, A., additional, Marsh, T., additional, Mata-Sanchez, D., additional, Mattila, S., additional, Maund, J., additional, McCormac, J., additional, Mkrtichian, D., additional, Rol, E., additional, Sawangwit, U., additional, Stanway, E., additional, Starling, R., additional, Strøm, P. A, additional, Tooke, S., additional, and Wiersema, K., additional

Published
2021
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17. Processing GOTO data with the Rubin Observatory LSST Science Pipelines I: Production of coadded frames

Author

Mullaney, J. R., primary, Makrygianni, L., additional, Dhillon, V., additional, Littlefair, S., additional, Ackley, K., additional, Dyer, M., additional, Lyman, J., additional, Ulaczyk, K., additional, Cutter, R., additional, Mong, Y.-L., additional, Steeghs, D., additional, Galloway, D. K., additional, O’Brien, P., additional, Ramsay, G., additional, Poshyachinda, S., additional, Kotak, R., additional, Nuttall, L., additional, Pallé, E., additional, Pollacco, D., additional, Thrane, E., additional, Aukkaravittayapun, S., additional, Awiphan, S., additional, Breton, R., additional, Burhanudin, U., additional, Chote, P., additional, Chrimes, A., additional, Daw, E., additional, Duffy, C., additional, Eyles-Ferris, R., additional, Gompertz, B., additional, Heikkilä, T., additional, Irawati, P., additional, Kennedy, M., additional, Killestein, T., additional, Levan, A., additional, Marsh, T., additional, Mata-Sanchez, D., additional, Mattila, S., additional, Maund, J., additional, McCormac, J., additional, Mkrtichian, D., additional, Rol, E., additional, Sawangwit, U., additional, Stanway, E., additional, Starling, R., additional, Tooke, S., additional, and Wiersema, K., additional

Published
2021
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18. Machine learning for transient recognition in difference imaging with minimum sampling effort

Author

Mong, Y-L, primary, Ackley, K, additional, Galloway, D K, additional, Killestein, T, additional, Lyman, J, additional, Steeghs, D, additional, Dhillon, V, additional, O’Brien, P T, additional, Ramsay, G, additional, Poshyachinda, S, additional, Kotak, R, additional, Nuttall, L, additional, Pallé, E, additional, Pollacco, D, additional, Thrane, E, additional, Dyer, M J, additional, Ulaczyk, K, additional, Cutter, R, additional, McCormac, J, additional, Chote, P, additional, Levan, A J, additional, Marsh, T, additional, Stanway, E, additional, Gompertz, B, additional, Wiersema, K, additional, Chrimes, A, additional, Obradovic, A, additional, Mullaney, J, additional, Daw, E, additional, Littlefair, S, additional, Maund, J, additional, Makrygianni, L, additional, Burhanudin, U, additional, Starling, R L C, additional, Eyles-Ferris, R A J, additional, Tooke, S, additional, Duffy, C, additional, Aukkaravittayapun, S, additional, Sawangwit, U, additional, Awiphan, S, additional, Mkrtichian, D, additional, Irawati, P, additional, Mattila, S, additional, Heikkilä, T, additional, Breton, R, additional, Kennedy, M, additional, Mata Sánchez, D, additional, and Rol, E, additional

Published
2020
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19. Searching for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational-wave merger events with the prototype Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO-4)

Author

Gompertz, B P, primary, Cutter, R, additional, Steeghs, D, additional, Galloway, D K, additional, Lyman, J, additional, Ulaczyk, K, additional, Dyer, M J, additional, Ackley, K, additional, Dhillon, V S, additional, O’Brien, P T, additional, Ramsay, G, additional, Poshyachinda, S, additional, Kotak, R, additional, Nuttall, L, additional, Breton, R P, additional, Pallé, E, additional, Pollacco, D, additional, Thrane, E, additional, Aukkaravittayapun, S, additional, Awiphan, S, additional, Brown, M J I, additional, Burhanudin, U, additional, Chote, P, additional, Chrimes, A A, additional, Daw, E, additional, Duffy, C, additional, Eyles-Ferris, R A J, additional, Heikkilä, T, additional, Irawati, P, additional, Kennedy, M R, additional, Killestein, T, additional, Levan, A J, additional, Littlefair, S, additional, Makrygianni, L, additional, Marsh, T, additional, Mata Sánchez, D, additional, Mattila, S, additional, Maund, J, additional, McCormac, J, additional, Mkrtichian, D, additional, Mong, Y -L, additional, Mullaney, J, additional, Müller, B, additional, Obradovic, A, additional, Rol, E, additional, Sawangwit, U, additional, Stanway, E R, additional, Starling, R L C, additional, Strøm, P A, additional, Tooke, S, additional, West, R, additional, and Wiersema, K, additional

Published
2020
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31. Antenatal depression screening and psychosocial assessment in an Australian private hospital: An evaluation.

Author

Kohlhoff J, Tooke S, Philipov M, Hickinbotham R, Knox C, Roach V, and Barnett B

Subjects
Female, Pregnancy, Humans, Depression diagnosis, Australia, Hospitals, Private, Parturition, Mass Screening methods, Depressive Disorder, Depression, Postpartum diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications diagnosis, Pregnancy Complications psychology
Abstract

Background: Universal mental health screening and psychosocial assessment during pregnancy have been recommended as best practice, but uptake of universal programs in the private hospital system has been slow., Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Pre-admission Midwife Appointment Program (PMAP), an antenatal mental health screening program at the Mater Hospital, Sydney., Materials and Methods: In this mixed-methods design study, PMAP interview data were collected for a consecutive series of 485 women who attended the PMAP during a 10-month period. Women also completed two postnatal telephone interviews (10 weeks and 9 months postpartum). The interviews involved depression screening and questions about the program., Results: Of the 485 participants, 4.1% screened positive for depression on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. In total, 19% were identified as currently suffering from, or at risk of developing, perinatal mental health issues; referrals to support services were provided for the 13% who were not already linked in with appropriate supports. All women displayed a decrease in depressive symptom severity from pregnancy to 10 weeks and 9 months postpartum. The PMAP was viewed positively by consumers, with >93% viewing the program as helpful and >98% saying that they would recommend the program to others. Additional program benefits identified included opportunities to gain practical information and prepare for motherhood and to think/reflect on their emotional well-being., Conclusions: Given the observed rates of psychosocial risk among this sample, related referral opportunities and positive consumer feedback, we recommend other Australian private hospitals consider implementing PMAP or similar programs., (© 2022 The Authors. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.)

Published
2023
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32. Health professional perspectives on an antenatal mental health screening program in a private hospital.

Author

Kohlhoff J, Cibralic S, Tooke S, Hickinbotham R, Knox C, Roach V, and Barnett B

Subjects
Female, Hospitals, Private, Humans, Mass Screening, Parturition, Pregnancy, Mental Health, Midwifery
Abstract

Background: Perinatal mental ill-health is a global health priority. Mental health screening during pregnancy is a routine part of clinical practice in many public hospital obstetric services across Australia, but implementation in the private hospital system has lagged., Aims: This study explored health professionals' perspectives on the Pre-admission Midwife Appointment Program (PMAP), an antenatal mental health screening program at the Mater Hospital, Sydney., Materials and Methods: Nine midwives and three medical specialists participated in focus groups or individual interviews; key themes were determined using thematic qualitative analysis., Results: Five major themes and three sub-themes were identified: immediate benefits to women (identifying women at risk; referrals to support services; supporting and educating women); enhanced overall quality of care at the hospital; the dilemma of partners attending; factors that make the program successful; and recommendations for improvement., Conclusions: Results will inform the implementation of antenatal mental health screening programs at other private hospitals across Australia., (© 2021 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.)

Published
2021
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33. Antenatal psychosocial assessment and depression screening in an Australian Private Hospital setting: A qualitative examination of women's perspectives.

Author

Kohlhoff J, Tooke S, Cibralic S, Hickinbotham R, Knox C, Roach V, and Barnett B

Subjects
Adult, Australia, Female, Hospitals, Private, Humans, Parturition, Pregnancy, Qualitative Research, Depression diagnosis, Midwifery
Abstract

Background: In Australia, clinical practice guidelines have been developed to support the implementation of antenatal psychosocial assessment and depression screening in routine clinical obstetric care. While there has been widespread uptake of such programs in Australian public hospitals, implementation in private hospitals has been slower. However, the situation in this regard may be changing, with the emergence of examples of midwife delivered screening programs in a number of private hospital settings. At present, patient experiences of these programs are largely unknown., Aim: The aim of this study was to gain feedback from women who participated in the 'Pre-admission midwife appointment' program at an Australian private hospital about their experiences of, and perspectives about, the program., Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women (Mage 36.04 years, range 30-48) who had given birth to a child between 9 and 14 months prior to the interview (M = 11.87 months, SD = 1.76) and who had attended the Pre-admission midwife appointment program during the pregnancy. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach with an essentialist-realistic theoretical framework., Findings: Data analysis revealed five major themes: 'increased awareness and support for perinatal mental health issues', 'enhanced quality of care provided at the hospital', 'experience with the midwife impacts perceptions of the program'; 'partners', and 'preparation for the program'., Discussion: This study provides useful information from the perspective of consumers, about a psychosocial assessment and depression screening program at an Australian private hospital. It highlights a number of program benefits for pregnant women, their partners, and the hospital, as well as factors facilitating program success., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Published
2021
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34. Relative effectiveness of electrically- vs mechanically-elicited EMGs in detecting pedicle wall perforation and surgically-induced nerve root damage.

Author

Kobara N, Owen JH, Kostuik J, Huckell C, and Tooke SM

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Stimulation, Spinal Nerve Roots injuries, Electromyography methods, Spinal Nerve Roots physiology
Abstract

Electrical stimulation of a pedicle hole and screw with recording EMGs from the lower extremities has been used as an indicator in detecting perforations of the pedicle. Mechanically-elicited EMGs are reported to be sensitive to mechanical irritation of nerve roots. This study analyzed the sensitivity of the data elicited by two EMG monitoring methods in the presence of a neurologic deficit caused by a malpositioned screw to determine the relative effectiveness of electrically- vs mechanically-elicited EMGs in detecting pedicle wall perforations and nerve root damage in patients undergoing spinal surgery utilizing transpedicular instrumentation. One hundred and four surgeries were monitored using the two EMG methods. Six hundred and fifty-four pedicle holes were prepared and 650 placed pedicle screws were electrically tested. Mechanically-elicited EMGs were monitored from a total of 618 muscles. Electrically-elicited EMGs showed a 62% true-positive rate and a 0.2% false-negative rate in detecting pedicle wall perforations. None of the patients who initially demonstrated abnormal electrically-elicited EMGs demonstrated any post-operative neurologic problems due to an incorrect screw placement. Only one patient who had abnormal mechanically-elicited EMGs during the procedures related to instrumentation developed new L4 radiculopathy immediately post-operatively which was consistent with the level of mechanically-elicited EMGs. Mechanically-elicited EMGs showed a 100% true-positive rate for nerve root irritation and a 3.5% false-negative rate in detecting pedicle wall perforations by malpositioned screw. In conclusion, although mechanically-elicited EMGs were an insensitive technique in detecting a perforation of the pedicle, mechanically-elicited EMGs were more beneficial than electrically-elicited EMGs in detecting the risk of nerve root irritation.

Published
2000

35. On the seclusion of psychiatric patients.

Author

Brown JS and Tooke SK

Subjects
Anxiety, Attitude of Health Personnel, Behavior Therapy methods, Ethics, Medical, Humans, Patient Advocacy legislation & jurisprudence, Patient Care Team, Patients psychology, Restraint, Physical, United States, Violence, Mental Disorders therapy, Patient Isolation
Abstract

The seclusion of psychiatric patients is viewed by some as a violation of basic human rights, by others as a necessity for the control of violence, and by still others as a therapeutic modality. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the findings from the limited and descriptive research on this controversial practice. The major conclusions suggested by the findings are: (1) The reason cited for seclusion is more often agitation than violence, raising questions as to its necessity. The lack of relationship between the reason for seclusion and its duration indicates loose and arbitrary criteria and raises the question of bias. (2) The tendency to seclude on admission suggests failure to follow the legal stipulation that less restrictive measures be employed first. (3) Psychotic, involuntary and younger patients are at higher risk for seclusion than other patients. (4) Incidence and duration of seclusion differ widely across institutions indicating unnecessary and excessive use in some units. Differences may be better explained by hospital factors such as location, staff attitudes and treatment philosophy than by patient characteristics. (5) Systematic studies of the effectiveness of seclusion are lacking, as is research on events transpiring during seclusion. (6) Attitudes of patients and staff toward seclusion differ greatly. Patients' attitudes are generally negative, whereas staff members believe seclusion benefits patients and preserves the unit's smooth functioning. Changes in procedures are suggested to reduce the frequency of seclusion, and to make seclusion more rational, effective and humane. Research and clinical implications are discussed.

Published
1992
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36. Perceptions of seclusion: comparing patient and staff reactions.

Author

Tooke SK and Brown JS

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Attitude of Health Personnel, Hospitalization, Nurse-Patient Relations, Patient Isolation psychology, Schizophrenia nursing, Schizophrenic Psychology
Abstract

Seclusion, or the use of locked, closely monitored containment, is widely used in psychiatric practice and is legally sanctioned. Involving humanitarian, ethical, and legal issues, seclusion poses dilemmas and raises questions for health-care professionals. Among those defending the practice, some would argue that it is used reluctantly and only as a last resort, whereas others consider it to be a positive therapeutic treatment modality, whether used alone or in conjunction with other treatments. Opponents of seclusion disagree, considering seclusion to be punitive, arbitrary, and geared toward serving the needs of other patients and staff. Although professionals have interpreted seclusion differently with regard to its function, efficacy, and impact, the vast majority of patients view it negatively. Wadeson and Carpenter (1976) found that individuals interviewed 1 year after seclusion still felt bitter about the experience; for many, that experience symbolized their entire psychiatric illness.

Published
1992
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37. Hemiresurfacing for femoral head osteonecrosis.

Author

Tooke SM, Amstutz HC, and Delaunay C

Subjects
Adult, Age Factors, Chromium Alloys, Female, Femur surgery, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteotomy methods, Prostheses and Implants, Wound Healing, Acetabulum surgery, Arthroplasty methods, Femur Head Necrosis surgery
Abstract

A modified THARIES femoral resurfacing component was used as a hemiarthroplasty in 11 young adult patients (12 hips) with osteonecrosis. The mean follow-up period was 39 months (range, 24-62 months). In all of the hips, the necrosis had advanced to the stage of subchondral femoral head fracture and segmental depression, but there was a relatively normal acetabulum. Ten hips have maintained satisfactory improvement of UCLA pain, walking, and function hip scores. One hip was revised to an uncemented total replacement, and one has some residual pain. No case failed because of component loosening. The modified femoral THARIES component was used as a preferable alternative to unipolar or bipolar hemiarthroplasty, and the results appear to be comparable in this difficult group of patients. Hemiresurfacing was conceived not as a definitive procedure but rather as a time-buying measure to improve symptoms and function and to allow the performance of a technically uncompromised total hip arthroplasty at a future date.

Published
1987
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38. The UCLA Charnley experience: a long-term follow-up study using survival analysis.

Author

Jinnah RH, Amstutz HC, Tooke SM, Dorey F, and Dalseth T

Subjects
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, California, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pulmonary Embolism epidemiology, Equipment Failure, Femur Head Necrosis epidemiology, Hip Prosthesis, Postoperative Complications epidemiology, Prosthesis Failure, Urinary Tract Infections epidemiology
Abstract

During the period between February 1970 and December 1973, 149 Charnley total hip arthroplasties were performed at UCLA Medical Center. Fifty-seven percent have a follow-up period of at least four years, and 21% have a follow-up period of ten years or more. The peri- and postoperative complication rate was high, with an incidence of 32.6% urinary tract infection (UTI), 4% peroneal nerve palsy, 4% cardiopulmonary, 2% pulmonary embolism, 1.3% myocardial infarction, and 6.0% other. Eleven patients (7.3%) required revision at a mean of 75 months after operation, while an additional three patients were experiencing substantial pain. Clinical improvement after this procedure is similar to that reported by other authors. Survivorship analysis suggests that being young and/or having a diagnosis of osteonecrosis or failed hemiarthroplasty places a patient at a higher risk of failure due to revision surgery or pain.

Published
1986

39. Intramuscular deltoid pressure during shoulder arthroscopy.

Author

Lee YF, Cohn L, and Tooke SM

Subjects
Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials, Female, Humans, Intraoperative Care, Male, Middle Aged, Pressure, Arthroscopy, Muscles physiopathology, Shoulder Joint surgery
Abstract

A large amount of fluid extravasation into the surrounding muscle and soft tissue may occur during arthroscopy of the shoulder and particularly of the subacromial space. The tense swollen appearance of the shoulder has caused concern that the intramuscular deltoid pressure may become elevated to dangerous levels. Therefore, the intramuscular deltoid pressure was monitored in this study using a slit catheter. Although it was found that the intramuscular pressure became transiently elevated during the arthroscopic procedures, in every case the pressures promptly returned to normal levels within 30 min postoperatively. The clinical swelling and tenseness remained for a longer period. Despite a sometimes alarming amount of swelling during shoulder arthroscopy, intramuscular pressure elevations were only sustained for a short time and returned to normal levels very quickly after the cessation of fluid infusion.

Published
1989
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