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Municipal solid waste incineration for power generation is significant for reducing and reusing solid waste. The study conducted an integrated assessment of environment and economy on municipal solid waste incineration in China, from a “cradle to grave” perspective using 1 tonne of municipal solid waste incineration as the functional unit. The environmental impacts of each month are also calculated to analyze the dynamic change throughout one year. The results indicate that the environmental impacts are mainly concentrated in marine ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, human carcinogenic toxicity, and human non-carcinogenic toxicity. Flue gas purification, waste incineration and transportation are the key processes, which account for 65.61 %, 18.50 %, and 11.93 % of the overall environmental impact, respectively. Urea, activated carbon, chelating agent (EDTA) and diesel fuel for transportation are key factors. The life cycle cost (LCC) is 132.26 RMB/t of waste, of which the initial capital causes the largest economic cost. When considering power generated from municipal solid waste incineration to replace electricity supply from the power grid, it achieves significant environmental benefits and the normalized environmental impact value changes from 0.85 to −12.19. The findings provide references for municipal solid waste treatment to mitigate the environmental impact and reduce the economic burden across the entire life cycle.

Through the analyses of the observed concentrations of ozone (O3) in Tai’an from 2016 to 2021, the results show that O3 pollution was relatively serious, with the mean concentrations of the 90th percentile of daily maximum 8-h O3 (O3-8h-90per) above 180 μg/m3. O3 pollution in Tai’an mainly occurred from May to September, accounting for 69%~100% of the total O3 pollution days, of which the most serious pollution occurred in June. Combined with the analyses of temperature, humidity, and wind speeds, the probability of O3 exceedances in Tai’an increased significantly under the conditions with the temperatures higher than 30 °C, the relative humidity of 20%~40%, and the wind speeds of 1~3 m/s. The dominant wind directions on O3 pollution days in Tai’an were southerly winds, based on the analyses of wind directions and their clustering trajectories. Based on the results at three monitoring stations at different distances from Mount Tai from May to September in 2021, the average O3 concentrations at the Renkou School station near the mountain was about 13~15 μg/m3 higher than those at the other two stations (Dianli College and Shandong First Medical University) which are far away from the mountain, indicating that the Renkou School site was more affected by the obstruction of the mountain. In addition, the WRF-CMAQ model was used to simulate ten O3 pollution events in 2021, showing that the average O3 concentrations in Tai’an were reduced by 1.7~7.5 μg/m3 after changing the topographic height of Mount Tai.