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For effective resistance to virus attack and infection and reducing virus transmission chance, it is extremely important for the medical staff and related workers to have their own safe protection. The paper summarizes the occurrence causes, common locations, and prevention ways about the device related pressure ulcers on the face resulted from wearing medical-grade protective equipment for a long working time. The paper proposes the prevention and nursing strategies for device related pressure ulcers and other related skin injuries during application of medical-grade protective equipment. The paper aims to provide reference for the prevention and nursing of device related pressure ulcers and related skin diseases for clinical medical staff, especially to the respectable personnel in front line of fighting against coronavirus disease 2019.

Objective: To explore the application effect of scenario infiltration joint interactive training mode for junior nurse training in the prevention and treatment of pressure sore. Methods: A total of 118 junior nurses starting to work in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from July 2017 to July 2018 met the inclusion criteria and were divided into routine training (RT) group and scenario infiltration joint interactive training (SIJIT) group using the random number table for prospective randomized controlled trial. There were 2 males and 57 females, aged (23.9±1.2) years in RT group and 3 males and 56 females, aged (23.5±1.3) years in SIJIT group. Before the training, nurses in both groups received theory and practical tests for the prevention and treatment of pressure sore with a homemade theory test paper and operation requirements designed by the training group. The training content was drawn up in 3 themes according to the weak points shown in the test. Nurses in RT group were trained in a large classroom with the help of multimedia teaching technique, and one lesson of 2 h targeting one theme was given once a week.Nurses in SIJIT group were trained by using the SIJIT mode, with online self-study for 2 weeks and then multimedia theory and practical teaching, and interaction in scene. After the training, theoretical and practical tests were conducted again in nurses of two groups. Satisfaction scores of nurses for the training mode, training effect, and curriculum design and answers to open questions about the degree of training satisfaction were investigated through homemade questionnaire for satisfaction degree. Homemade training contents and requirements questionnaire designed by the training group was used to understand the demands of nurses for training contents and requirements in 2 groups. Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test and independent sample t test. Results: (1) The theoretical and practical scores on the prevention and treatment of pressure sore before the training were (78±11) and (83±10) points respectively in RT group, similar to (79±11) and (84±10) points in SIJIT group ( t =0.522, 0.615, P >0.05). The theoretical and operational scores on prevention and treatment of pressure score of nurses after the training were (90±8) and (92±5) points in SIJIT group, significantly higher than (82±10) and (85±9) points in RT group ( t =4.581, 5.259, P <0.01). (2) The satisfaction degree scores for training mode, curriculum design, and training effect of nurses in SIJIT group were significantly higher than those in RT group ( t =5.169, 7.976, 4.463, P <0.01). Nurses in the 2 groups were satisfied with the curriculum content, and unsatisfied with the curriculum time and the ways of test. (3) The top demand of the training nurses for curriculum content was the treatment of phase Ⅱ-Ⅲ pressure sore, accounting for 81.36% (96/118). Conclusions: The SIJIT has flexible training mode, and reasonable curriculum design and content, which significantly improves the theoretical and operational levels on prevention and treatment of pressure sore of the training nurses and receives recognition of the training nurses.

L-selectin shedding induced by various cytokines is crucial in activating neutrophils (PMNs) in inflammatory cascade. While the real-time shedding in vivo lasts ~10 min after PMN activation, the impact of time-dependent shedding on binding kinetics of membrane-remaining L-selectins to its ligands is poorly understood at transient or steady state. Here, we developed an in vitro L-selectin shedding dynamics approach, together with competitive assays of cell adhesion, and proposed a theoretical model for quantifying the impact of real-time shedding on the binding kinetics of membrane-remaining L-selectins to P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1). Our data indicated that the extent of L-selectin shedding on PMA activation is higher, but the terminating time is longer for Jurkat cells than those for human PMNs. Meanwhile, fMLF or IL-8 stimulation yields the longer terminating time than that on PMA stimulation but results in a similar shedding extent for PMNs. L-selectin shedding reduces L-selectin-PSGL-1-mediated cell adhesion in three ways: decreasing membrane-anchored L-selectins, increasing soluble L-selectins competitively binding to ligands, and presenting conformational alteration of membrane-remaining L-selectins themselves. Compared with those on intact cells, the binding affinities of membrane-remaining L-selectin-PSGL-1 pairs were all enhanced at initial and lowered at the late shedding phase for both PMN and Jurkat cells even with varied transition time points. The rolling velocities of both PMNs and Jurkat cells were increased following mechanically or biochemically induced shedding of L-selectin under shear flow. These findings help to further our understanding of the function of time-dependent L-selectin shedding during the inflammation cascade.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of splenectomy in the treatment of relapsed/refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed in 30 cases with relapsed/refractory AIHA who were treated with splenectomy in our hospital. The pre- and post-operative blood routine indexes and responses were followed up. Results: Among the 30 relapsed/refractory AIHA patients, 20 were pure AIHA (including 13 patients with warm antibody AIHA, 2 with warm-cold double antibody AIHA and 5 with Coombs negative AIHA) and 10 were Evans syndrome. The short-term response was evaluated 10-14 days after operation, and the overall response rate (ORR) of short-term response was 90% [12 cases in complete response (CR), 6 cases in partial response (PR)] in 20 therapeutic evaluable cases. Among 13 patients with long-term follow-up data, except 3 patients with Evans syndrome died (2 cases were refractory to splenectomy, 1 case relapsed after surgery), the ORR of 10 patients with relapsed/refractory pure AIHA at 6 months and 12 months were 90% (9/10) and 70% (7/10), respectively, with a median follow-up of 14 (4-156) months. At the end of follow-up, 3 cases had maintained CR for more than 3 years. Conclusion: The short-term response of splenectomy as a second-line treatment for relapsed/refractory AIHA is satisfactory, and long-term outcome of splenectomy is up to 70% at 1 year. Approximately one-third of patients could maintain sustained remission.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis with low chemotherapeutic efficiency to medications except to sorafenib. Previous studies showed that adverse events (AEs) of sorafenib can predict therapy efficacy to HCC. The aim of the study is to evaluate the early efficacy and AEs of sorafenib therapy., Methods: The database of HCC patients receiving sorafenib at Taichung Veterans General Hospital during the period from June 2012 to October 2016 was analyzed. All HCC cases were Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification stage C. The early efficacy of sorafenib was classified according to the mRECIST criteria as either partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) or progressive disease (PD). Responses were recorded within 6 weeks after the start of sorafenib treatment. AEs were defined as the appearance of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR), hypertension (HTN) and diarrhea. Exclusion criteria were poor performance status, poor drug compliance, discontinued follow-up or mortality occurring within 1 day after medication., Results: From a total of 222 subjects, eight cases (3.6%) were classified as PR, 82 cases (36.9%) SD, and 132 cases (59.5%) PD. The PR group had the highest ratio of HFSR (62.4%) and hypertension (37.5%). Pooling cases of PR and SD together, the presence of HFSR adjusted odd ratio (aOR) 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52 - 5.16) and diarrhea (aOR 3.42, 95% CI 1.67 - 7.01) were good predictors of favorable responses to sorafenib therapy., Conclusions: HFSR and diarrhea are good predictors of early therapy efficacy to the sorafenib treatment.

Flowing polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are forced to recruit toward inflamed tissue and adhere to vascular endothelial cells, which is primarily mediated by the binding of β 2 -integrins to ICAM-1. This process is distinct among different organs such as liver and brain; however, the underlying kinetic and mechanical mechanisms regulating tissue-specific recruitment of PMNs remain unclear. Here, binding kinetics measurement showed that ICAM-1 on murine hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) bound to lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with higher on- and off-rates but lower effective affinity compared with macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1), whereas ICAM-1 on cerebral endothelial cells (BMECs or bEnd.3 cells) bound to LFA-1 with higher on-rates, similar off-rates, and higher effective affinity compared with Mac-1. Physiologically, free crawling tests of PMN onto LSEC, BMEC, or bEnd.3 monolayers were consistent with those kinetics differences between two β 2 -integrins interacting with hepatic sinusoid or cerebral endothelium. Numerical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations validated tissue-specific contributions of β 2 -integrin-ICAM-1 kinetics to PMN crawling on hepatic sinusoid or cerebral endothelium. Thus, this work first quantified the biophysical regulation of PMN adhesion in hepatic sinusoids compared with cerebral endothelium.

This research is to explore the effects of traditional Chinese medicine Ginseng-spikenard heart-nourishing capsule on the inactivation of c-type Kv1.4 channels (Kv1.4∆N) in Xenopus laevis oocytes with two-electrode voltageclamp technique. Defolliculated oocytes (stage V-VI) were injected with transcribed cRNAs of ferret Kv1.4δN channels. During recording, oocytes were continuously perfused with ND96 solution (control group) and solution prepared from Ginseng-spikenard heart-nourishing capsule (experimental group). Results found that, at the command potential of +50 mV, the current of experimental group was reduced to 48.33±4.0% of that in control group. The inactivation time constants in control and experimental groups were 2962.56±175.35 ms and 304.13±36.22ms, respectively (P<0.05, n=7). The recovery time of fKv1.4∆N channel after inactivation in control group and experimental groups was 987±68.39 ms and 1734.15±98.45 ms, respectively (P<0.05, n=5). Ginseng-spikenard heart-nourishing capsule can inhibit the Kv1.4δN channel, which may be one of the mechanisms of underlying antiarrhythmia.

Background: Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is one of the most common complications of myocardial infarction (MI), and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation are the main causes for sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to explore the effect of ramipril on the occurrence of VA and its mechanism after MI in rabbits., Methods: Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits purchased from the Wuhan Laboratory Animal Research Center were divided into three groups: sham-operated (SHAM) group (n=8), MI group (n=8) and MI with ramipril (RAM) group (n=8). Rabbits in the SHAM group received a median sternotomy without ligation of the left ventricular coronary artery. Rabbits in the MI and RAM groups received a median sternotomy followed by ligation of the left coronary artery. The successful anterior MI was confirmed by elevation of the ST segment with more than 0.2 mV in lead II and III. After MI, rabbits in the RAM group were fed with intragastric ramipril (1 mg/kg per day) for 12 weeks. Before and 12 weeks after MI in the three groups, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) episodes and MAP in cadiocytes of the epicardium, mid-myocardium and endocardium were recorded by a multichannel physiograph. Student's t test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis., Results: VT/VF episodes were decreased more markedly in the RAM group than in the MI group after 12 weeks (2.6±0.8 vs. 12.4±2.9, P<0.05). Twelve weeks after MI, the duration of repolarization for 90% (APD90) of three-tier ventricular myocytes in the MI group was longer than that before MI (258.2±21.1 vs. 230.1±23.2, 278.0±23.8 vs. 245.8±25.4, 242.6±22.7 vs. 227.0±21.7, P<0.05). However, the APD90 was not significantly different at 12 weeks before and after MI in the RAM group (P>0.05). Moreover, the transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) was increased more markedly 12 weeks after MI in the MI group than in the SHAM and RAM groups (36.2±10.2 vs. 18.7±6.2, 24.9±8.7, P<0.05). But the TDR was not significantly different between the RAM and SHAM groups (18.7±6.2 vs. 24.9±8.7, P>0.05)., Conclusion: Ramipril may reduce the incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmia via improvement of transmembrance repolarization heterogeneity after MI.

A simple, cheap and rugged method was developed for simultaneous deter mination of 6 neonicotinoid residues in soil, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, clothianidin and nitenpyram. The soil sample was produced by dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) after extracted by the mixed solution of acetonitrile and CH2Cl2 (2:1, phi). The analytes were separated by HPLC with Alltima C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) and detected by PDA at 260 nm. External standard method was used for quantification. The results showed that good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients between 0.9982 and 0.9999 in the range of 0.5-200 microg x L(-1). The limits of detection (LODs) were in the range between 0.0005 and 0.003 microg x mL(-1) (S/N = 3). The method was validated with five soil samples spiked at three fortification levels (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 mg x kg(-1)) and recoveries were in the range of 55.3%-95.6% with RSD of 1.4%-7.0%. The effect of clean-up was evaluated by UV spectra and demonstrated that the method established is effective. In conclusion, this method is competent for the simultaneous analysis of 6 neonicotinoid residues in soil.

Objectives: We report a case of otogenic fungal pachymeningitis in a diabetic patient who presented with multiple cranial nerve palsies and nasopharyngeal swelling., Methods: We present a case report, we describe the investigations, management and clinical course of fungal pachymeningitis, and we present a review of the world literature on fungal and non-fungal pachymeningitis., Results: To our knowledge, this is the first report of fungal pachymeningitis with magnetic resonance imaging features suggestive of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It is also the first reported case with aspergillus cultured from both a dural biopsy and the ear canal., Conclusion: Fungal pachymeningitis is a rare condition which may present to otorhinolaryngologists. Its clinical and radiological findings can be confused with those of nasopharyngeal carcinoma; fungal pachymeningitis should thus be included in the differential diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

In the present work, 111 soil samples from 11 different Chinese apple plant areas were used to take the diffuse reflection spectra from 12 500 to 4 000 cm(-1) by FT-NIR. The models of organic substance and pH value of soil samples were built by using partial least square regression (PLSR). The calibration model gave the correlation coefficients of 0.818 and 0.836 for the two values respectively, with the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.377 (%) and 0.251, respectively. In order to improve the robustness and performance of calibration, several spectra preprocessing methods were employed, including standard normalized variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and direct orthogonal signal correction (DOSC). Finally, the performance of DOSC was found to be the best for organic substance and pH value with RMSEP of 0.258 (%) an 0.248, respectively. The results showed that the technology of NIR spectroscopy was useful to nondestructive determination of the organic substance and pH value of soil. These research findings provide theoretic base for fertilization and pomiculture by means of NIR diffuse reflection.

DNA microarray is a new tool in biotechnology, which allows simultaneously monitoring thousands of gene expression in cells. The goal of differential gene expression analysis is to detect genes with significant change of gene expression levels arising from experimental conditions. Although various statistical methods have been suggested to confirm differential gene expression, only a few studies compared performance of the statistical methods. This paper presented comparison of statistical methods for finding differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the microarray data. Using simulated and real datasets (Populus cDNA microarray data), we compared eight methods of identifying differential gene expression. The simulated datasets included four differential distributions (normal distribution, uniform distribution, c2 distribution, and exponential distribution). The results of simulated datasets analysis showed that the eight methods were more preferable with the microarray data of uniform distribution than normal distribution. They were not preferable with the c2 distribution and exponential distribution. Of these eight methods, SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarrays) and Wilcoxon rank sum test performed well in most cases. The results of real cDNA microarray data of Populus showed that there was much similarity of SAM, Samroc, and regression modeling approach. Wilcoxon rank sum test was different from them. Samroc and regression modeling approach were similar in the eight methods. For both simulated and real datasets, SAM, Samroc, and regression modeling approach performed better than other methods.

Based on the survey of the fishes in low salinity intertidal area of the Yangtze estuary from spring (May) 2006 to winter (February) 2007, the seasonal and semi-lunar changes of fish species and abundances were analyzed. A total of 53 fish species were collected, most of which belonged to Cyprinidae, followed by Gobiidae, and few of other families. The fish species and average abundance were higher in spring, summer, and autumn than in winter and lower in low tides than in high tides in four seasons. Shannon-Weaver (H') value had a greater fluctuation in a tidal cycle, and was appreciably lower in low tides than in high tides. The fish species and abundance were clustered into two groups, i. e., that of winter, and of the other seasons. As for the whole year, the abundance had the highest positive correlation with water temperature, then with tide height, and lowest with water salinity.

Poplar is among the most important deciduous tree species in plantations over the world and has been used as an important model system for molecular genetics of trees. The analysis of codon usage may improve the understanding of the mechanism of codon distribution and variation in poplar and the understanding of factors shaping the codon usage patterns. Here, an EN(c) (effective number of codons)-plot method and multivariate statistical method called correspondence analysis (COA) were used to examine the codon usage of 314 genes of poplar. The results show that the main trend was highly negative correlated with the gene expression level assessed by the ''Codon Adaptation Index'' value. Moreover, there were two significant correlations between axis 1 coordinates and GC3(s) content and gene length, we infer that gene nucleotide composition and gene length also play an important role in shaping the codon usage bias in poplar. The result of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis shows a high bias of codon usage toward the codon with A or T ending. In addition, we compared the codon preferences among poplar, Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sative, Homo sapiens and Escherichia coli, and poplar was found to be most similar to A.thaliana and least similar to E.coli. In this paper, 10 codons defined firstly as optimal codons through an analysis of the high-expression codon in poplar may provide some useful information for genetic engineering of poplar.

A new strategy was proposed for constructing linkage maps for 1:1 segregation molecular markers in Chinese fir. Linkage phase and recombination ratio for any two loci can be inferred and estimated. For the best order in a linkage group, the Hidden Markov Chain Model was used for multilocus linkage analysis. The mapping method proposed here was more effective than the 'pseudo-testcross' method commonly used in forest trees. In this paper,with the AFLP marker data obtained from the F1 progeny of 'Jurong 0' (female) x 'Rouye' (male), the genetic linkage maps of the Chinese fir clones, 'Jurong' and 'Rouye', were reconstructed based on the new mapping method. In the genetic linkage map of "Jurong 0", 101 markers were distributed in 11 linkage groups with an average distance of 22.6 cM and a total length of 2 282.6 cM. There were as many as 17 markers and as few as 5 markers in single linkage groups of the map. In the genetic linkage map of 'Rouye', 94 markers were distributed in the 11 linkage groups with an average distance of 27.3 cM and a total length of 2 565.8 cM. There were as many as 16 markers and as few as 4 markers in single linkage groups of the map. Compared with the 'pseudo- testcross' method, the two maps increased 26 markers and 28 markers, respectively, and totally 54 markers were added. The two maps contained 195 AFLP markers and each spanned more than 2 000 cM, almost covering the whole genome of Chinese fir. Therefore, the resolutions of linkage maps of Chinese fir 'Jurong 0' and 'Rouye' were improved with the new mapping method, and the maps provide the framework for further genetic analysis.