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Different karst water features and related water resources are present both in southern and northern China. There are over 3,358 well-developed karst ground river systems with total discharges in the dry season of about 420times108 m3 in the main karst regions in the southern part of China. Exploitation rates are only 8–15%. Over 100 larger karst spring systems in the main karst regions of northern China cover a catchment area from 500 km2 to over 4,000 km2, of which the average discharge appears to be from about 1 m3/s to 13 m3/s and the exploitation rates are 70–80%. Six aspects of the eco-hydrological features of some typical karst regions in China comprising water environment, ecological features, materials and structures between parent rock and soil, bio-geological processes and palynological studies (spore-pollen) are discussed. Qualitative evaluation of eco-geology and rocky desertification in the karst regions should be based on the main karst ecological conditions as well as artificial, i.e., man-made impacts.

Vegetational succession and climatic change since middle Pleistocene in Heqing Basin in Yunnan Province are discussed according to the sporopollen analysis for the top 155m length core and about 800 kaBP history from Heqing deep drilling core. This core is the first drilling core of Environmental Drilling Programme in Chinese continent. The results show that vegetation in the surrounding mountains in Heqing cathchment experienced many times changes among coniferous forest dominated by Pinus, montane coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest and cool temperate coniferous forest during the period about 800 kaBP to 6. 98 kaBP. From 6. 98 kaBP to today, vegetation has immensely changed, such as forest degraded quickly and vegetation dominated by herbs, when human activities have begun affecting vegetation. Human activities represent disafforestation and planting crops and so on. Climate corresponding to vegetation evolution may be divided into five stages and contains many times cool and warm, dry and humid gyrations since about 800 kaBP.

According to the contents and assemblages of pigments. diatom and sporex-pollen from the sediments core of Longgan lake, Anhui Province. this paper mainly deals with the climatic and environmental changes during the last 3000 years in Longgan Lake. The environment of this region changed as follows:During 3200- 2400aBP, the contents of CD, NC, TC were high, reflecting higher like productivity. The higher pigment value of Osc and Myx were relative to the temperature condition. moreover the abundance of vegetation, higher water temperature and lower turbidity could strengthen the competition of blue algae. Pollen concentration had the highest point comparing other stages, decious tree pollen was very abundant and also often occur other pollen of water and wet plants representing a relative warm and wet period with a cool - dry oscillation.During 2400 - 1600aBP, this period may be divided into two stages. In early period (about 2400- 2070aBP), the contents of CD,TC,Myx decreased obviously. some herbs such as Artemisia. Palygonum increased while other water and wet herbs decreased. indicating a cool-dry climate ; lately all the pigment percentages increased , indicating a higher temperature tend. Compared to first stages, the content of pigment at the stage was lower.inferring a tame cool and little wet climate.During 1600 - 1500 aBP, the lower pigment value of CD, TC,Osc and Myx showed that lake biomass reduced and the lake was extremely trophic. Meanwhile arboreal was in its valley period.During 1500- 1100 aBP, the contents of CD, TC. Myx increased obvlously. reflecting higher producidivity and a higher temperature tendency.1100 - 100 aBP, pigment percentage and pollen concentration decreased to its lowest point of the whole section. It indicate a cool and dry climate reflecting as Little Ice Age.100 aBP-present. the higher value of pigment of surface sediment may be related to the eutrophic status of the lake which maybe caused by the human activity.