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Intergeneric hybridizations of Hucho taimen(♂) and Brachymystax lenok(♀) were produced in this study.The results showed phenomenon of hybrid incompatibility such as low larval floating rate and high deformity rate.Thirty microsatellite primers were used for genetic analysis on relationship between F1 hybrids and their parents.The results are as follows: 1) Among the 30 microsatellite primers,twenty-five pairs showed specific bands on both parents,and two pairs showed specific bands only on H.taimen,while three pairs only on B.lenok.2) Among the 25 microsatellite primers showing specific bands on both parents,24 bands of microsatellite locus came from parents and only one locus Omi84TUF appeared in F1 hybrids.The inherited character of 21 locus completely fol-lows the Mendelian rule indicating that the hybridization between the parents are gamogenesis and most genetic material come from both of the parents.3) Four loci Omi105TUF,Omi156TUF,Omi165TUF and Omy16DIAS showed doubled maternal bands or no paternal specific bands on some F1 hybrids.This may be caused by abnor-mality in process of pairing or separation for some chromosomes,which may result in hybrid incompatibility.4) The genetic similarity and genetic distance between F1 hybrids and H.taimen were 0.673 5 and 0.395 3 respec-tively,and the genetic similarity and genetic distance between F1 hybrids and B.lenok was 0.729 8 and 0.315 0 respectively.The results showed F1 hybrids had closer relationship with B.lenok.It was also supported by UPGMA clustering.

We evaluated the individual and combined effects of salinity and alkalinity on gill Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme activity, plasma ion concentration, and osmotic pressure in Luciobarbus capito. Increasing salinity concentrations (5, 8, 11, and 14 g/L) were associated with an initial increase and then decrease in L. capito gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Activity was affected by the difference between internal and external Na+ ion concentrations and osmotic pressure (P<0.05). Both plasma ion (Na+, K+, and Cl−) concentration and osmotic pressure increased significantly (P<0.05). An increase in alkalinity (15, 30, 45, and 60 mM) caused a significant increase in plasma K+ and urea nitrogen concentrations (P<0.05) but had no effect on either plasma osmotic pressure or gill filament ATPase activity. In the two-factor experiment, the saline-alkaline interaction caused a significant increase in plasma ion (Na+, Cl−, and urea nitrogen) and osmotic pressure (P<0.05). Variance analysis revealed that salinity, alkalinity, and their interaction significantly affected osmotic pressure, with salinity being most affected, followed by alkalinity, and their interaction. Gill filament ATPase activity increased at first and then decreased; peak values were observed in the orthogonal experiment group at a salinity of 8 g/L and alkalinity of 30 mM.

Twenty polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated from an enriched genomic library of Alburnus chalcoides. The polymorphism of these loci was tested on a population of 15 individuals from the Aral Sea, Uzbekistan. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 3. The observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.2077–0.6720 to 0.1662–0.6837, respectively. One locus (CCA147) deviated from the Hardy–Weinberg expectations (P 0.50). These loci will provide insights into species genetic diversity, population structure, and conservation strategy design.

Luciobarbus capito is an endangered fish species found in the Aral Sea of Uzbekistan. Here, we report the characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci from a (CA)16-enriched genomic library. Among 15 individuals, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 6, and the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.143 to 1.00 and from 0.138 to 0.600, respectively. Four loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.175 to 0.680. These polymorphic microsatellite loci will be useful for population genetics, conservation and other relevant studies of this species.