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This article reports on the development and psychometric evaluation of a new teacher observation instrument to systematically assess young primary school students' well-being and detect potential indicators of psychological trauma, the RaPTOSS: "Risk and Protective factors Trauma Observation School Situations." The RaPTOSS is developed specifically for preschool and early primary school teachers, because of the limited abilities their young students have to verbally reflect and report on their well-being and stressful experiences. We examined the factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity and criterion validity of the RaPTOSS in a sample of 406 4- to 8-year-old regular education students. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure for the risk items with the following factors: Withdrawn, Dysphoria, Destructive and Inattentive. The protective factor items revealed a four-factor structure closely aligning the theoretical factor structure: Safety and Relations, Self-Image, Everyday Life and Self-Regulation. All factors exhibited good to excellent internal consistency. Correlations between the RaPTOSS and existing measures of psychosocial well-being without a specific focus on trauma-related behavior demonstrated good convergent validity. Criterion validity was supported, as indicated by moderate to large positive correlations between teacher worries about a student and RaPTOSS risk factors, and moderate to large negative correlations between teacher worries and RAPTOSS protective factors. We conclude that the RaPTOSS is a promising measure for trauma-informed teaching and research, although future research is needed to establish its psychometric qualities in specific samples such as children diagnosed with PTSD and refugee children.

Nature-based solutions are increasingly used in domestic wastewater treatment, because of their potential to remove contaminants and pathogens from water (e.g., stormwater, river water, wastewater) as well as their provided co-benefits, such as mitigation of the heat island effect or enhanced biodiversity. The transition from traditional grey technologies towards nature-based solutions in domestic wastewater treatment might yield multiple benefits for local communities while enhancing biodiversity. Although some nature-based solutions such as treatment wetlands have been used for decades in domestic wastewater treatment, this is not the case for others such as green walls or roofs, which lack implementation guidelines and design criteria. Aiming to support implementation of nature-based solutions in domestic wastewater treatment, we have developed an online decision-support system for the pre-selection of the best nature-based solution to use in each socio-environmental context and adapted to the needs, as well as an estimate of the required area. Our decision-support system's recommendations are based on an expert knowledge-driven approach, building on two complementary expert knowledge elicitation workshops. We hope the developed online decision-support system will support the transition towards integrating nature-based solutions into urban water and wastewater treatment systems. HIGHLIGHTS We lack implementation guidelines and design criteria for nature-based solutions (NBS) in water sanitation.; We have developed an online decision-support system to facilitate NBS implementation.; NBS implementation in domestic wastewater treatment will support SDG6 achievement.;

Dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) lining the inner surface of blood vessels are causative for a number of diseases. Hence, the ability to therapeutically modulate gene expression within ECs is of high therapeutic value in treating diseases such as those associated with lung edema. mRNAs formulated with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a new drug modality to induce transient protein expression for modulating disease-relevant signal transduction pathways. In the study presented here, we tested the effect of a novel synthetic, nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding COMP-Ang1 (mRNA-76) formulated into a cationic LNP on attenuating inflammation-induced vascular leakage. After intravenous injection, the respective mRNA was found to be delivered almost exclusively to the ECs of the lung, while sparing other vascular beds and bypassing the liver. The mode of action of mRNA-76, such as its activation of the Tie2 signal transduction pathway, was tested by pharmacological studies in vitro and in vivo in respective mouse models. mRNA-76 was found to prevent lung vascular leakage/lung edema as well as neutrophil infiltration in a lipopolysaccharide-challenging model.

The scope of this study was to investigate if using zeolite as a reactive material in a vertical-flow wetland under field conditions improves ammonium removal from domestic wastewater in the long term. The experimental setup consisted of two pilot-scale first stage French vertical flow treatment wetlands (2.3 m2 surface area each), which were implemented under field scale conditions inside a wastewater treatment plant in the central region of France (L'Encloitre, 37360). The filters were operated during 27 months. A compact pilot containing Leca® as a main filtration layer (Ø 1–5 mm) was compared to a similar one filled with natural zeolite (Ø 2–5 mm). The pilots were fed according to regular feeding/resting periods (3½/7 days) and the nominal loading rate was of 300 g COD m−2 d−1 and 33 g·N·m−2·d−1 during operation. In both pilots, results showed a removal efficiency of more than 90 and 85% for TSS and COD, respectively. They also showed an increased NH4-N removal of 9% on average (total removal efficiency of 84%) with the use of zeolite compared to Leca®. The ion exchange capacity of zeolite seemed not to be affected after 27 months of experiments; however, the material was compacted and more friable after operation. HIGHLIGHTS A zeolite layer in a French Vertical-Flow Wetland improved the ammonium removal.; Seasonal effects impacted the removal efficiency.; Material compaction of the zeolite during the trial period needs to be further investigated.;

Abstract Bioelectronic interfaces employing arrays of sensors and bioactuators are promising tools for the study, repair and engineering of cardiac tissues. They are typically constructed from rigid and brittle materials processed in a cleanroom environment. An outstanding technological challenge is the integration of soft materials enabling a closer match to the mechanical properties of biological cells and tissues. Here we present an algorithm for direct writing of elastic membranes with embedded electrodes, optical waveguides and microfluidics using a commercial 3D printing system and a palette of silicone elastomers. As proof of principle, we demonstrate interfacing of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which are engineered to express Channelrhodopsin-2. We demonstrate electrical recording of cardiomyocyte field potentials and their concomitant modulation by optical and pharmacological stimulation delivered via the membrane. Our work contributes a simple prototyping strategy with potential applications in organ-on-chip or implantable systems that are multi-modal and mechanically soft.

Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a hereditary early onset encephalopathy. AGS patients display variable clinical manifestations including intracranial calcification, cerebral atrophy, white matter abnormalities and characteristic leukocytosis as well as a constitutive upregulation of type I IFN production indicative of a type I interferonopathy. Seven genes (SAMHD1, TREX1, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, RNASEH2A, ADAR1, IFIH1) have been associated with the AGS phenotype, up to now. Here, we describe the generation of three induced pluripotent stem cell lines from a patient with a deletion of coding exons 14 and 15 of the SAMHD1 gene.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a useful tool to investigate pathomechanistic and cellular processes due to their differentiation potential into different somatic cell types in vitro. Here, we have generated iPSCs from an apparently healthy male individual using an integration-free reprogramming method. The resulting iPSCs are pluripotent and display a normal karyotype. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this iPSC line can be differentiated into all three germ layers. Keywords: Induced pluripotent stem cells from an apparently healthy individual, Induced Pluripotent stem cells capable of differentiation into all three germ layers

The Renpenning syndrome spectrum is a rare X-linked mental retardation syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, microcephaly, low stature, lean body and hypogonadism. Mutations in the polyglutamine tract binding protein 1 (PQBP1) locus are causative for disease. Here, we describe the generation of an iPSC line from a patient mutated in the polar amino acid-rich domain of PQBP1 resulting in a C-terminal truncated protein (c.459_462 delAGAG, type p.R153fs193X).

SAMHD1 is a critical restriction factor for HIV-1 and its antiviral activity is regulated by T592 phosphorylation. Here, Schott et al. show that the phosphatase PP2A-B55α dephosphorylates SAMHD1 during mitotic exit, rendering it antivirally active in G1 phase of primary CD4+ T cells.