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In the present study, results are presented regarding the negative effects of different concentrations of three classes of pesticides - an insecticide, herbicide and fungicide on one relatively uncommon, but reliable histochemical biomarker in the field of fish toxicology - lipid accumulation in the liver of common carp under laboratory conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human infertility affects millions of people of reproductive age worldwide and impacts their families and communities. Approximately half of the cases of childless couples are due to problems with male fertility (male factor). In this review, a complex of factors that affect the quality of male fertility is presented. Particular attention is paid to the main factors in the organism representing endogenous factors and to the influence of the professional environment and lifestyle, which represent the exogenous factors. In regard to the exogenous factors, it is important to establish the effect of different environmental factors, such as air pollution, presence of various contaminants, such as chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals, radiation, etc. The exogenous factors also include lifestyle features such as intake of alcohol, smoking, drugs, hazards in the professional working environment, social and psychological aspects, etc. Moreover, with reference to the impact of harmful effects in the professional work environment, the negative factors could be the increased levels of the radiation fund, temperature fluctuations, dustiness, immobility and sitting in the same place for a long time, etc. Obesity and dietary disorders are also associated with the expression of the male factor. In conclusion, it is suggested that for the definition and implementation of adequate and correct treatment of the problems with male fertility, the whole complex of factors should be considered in order to achieve the best results in the procedures associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of characteristics make fish excellent experimental models in toxicological research, especially for the contamination of aquatic systems. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the negative effects of different classes of pesticides (insecticide, herbicide and fungicide), based on their LC50 on the gills histological architecture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758). The effects of the tested pesticides on fish gills were expressed with histopathological alterations, such as proliferative, degenerative and changes in the circulatory system. Based on our results, the test insecticide showed higher toxicity with more severe irreversible necrotic changes in common carp gills compared to the herbicide and fungicide exposure. The identified histopathological changes in the fish gills can be successfully applied as reliable biomarkers for monitoring the degree of negative effects on the organisms due to the pesticide toxicity. The results from such experiments could be applied in the legislation in order to protect the water bodies from pesticide contamination, in areas with intensive application of plant protection products used in agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays pollution of aquatic ecosystems with pesticides causes acute and chronic poisoning of fish, leading to serious damage to vital organs, such as the liver. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) is a popular edible fish favored for culture due to its rapid growth, hardiness and reproduction in confined waters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the negative effects of cypermethrin (CYP) and chlorpyrifos (CPF), based on their maximum allowable concentrations (Directive 2013/39/EU) on histochemical and biochemical biomarkers in the liver of common carp. The histochemical analysis included Periodic acid-Shiff stainig (PAS reaction) and Sudan Black B staining, while in the biochemical study different hepatic enzyme activities such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT). The negative effects of the tested pesticides on fish were expressed with liver changes in the amount of glycogen and lipids, and enzyme changes of LDH, ASAT and ALAT, caused by the acute and chronic exposure to cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos under laboratory conditions. The results from such experimental set ups could be used in the legislation of protection water bodies from contamination, in areas near intensive application of plant protection products and also in implementing the Directive 2013/39/EU and Water Frame Directive by using multi-biomarker approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the hereditary information during the nucleus maturation of the sperm cells can occur under the influence of exogenous or endogenous factors. Exogenous factors could be linked with unfavorable working environment or bad habits. In the recent years nutritional supplements have been used for male infertility treatment. In addition, they can improve the morpho-physiological status of the sperm. The present study aims to investigate the effect of nutritional supplement PAPA on the spermatozoa chromatin maturity level by using an Aniline Blue staining test (aniline blue staining - AB) in sub/infertile men exposed to exogenous factors.. A group of men (n = 88) was examined after their written agreement and a completed questionnaire. The tested group with established diagnoses of asthenoteratozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, astenoteratozoospermia with hypovolemia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia with hypovolemia took orally PAPA® supplement for three months. All patients were tested for DNA damage by an AB test twice before and after the treatment. The patients in the tested group were divided based on the type of harmful work environment (I-IV) and harmful habits (smoking I-III). The results showed that after the treatment with a nutritional supplement PAPA®, the levels of condensation or maturity of sperm chromatin increased by 16.11%. In addition, connections between the effect of treatment and the conditions of the harmful working environment, as well as the amount of received tobacco by the smokers were found. A better effect of the treatment in the tested group with the absence of harmful working environment and non-smokers was found. Therefore, the lowest treatment efficacy was found in the patients who are chronically exposed to occupationally harmful environment, associated with increased body and scrotal temperature (seated workers in factories, ect., drivers, welders, bakers, founders, heavy physical labour workers). On the other hand, a negative connection between the smoked cigarettes per day and the effect of the food supplement in the tested group of men with harmful habits, such as smoking was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]