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Although rather favorable probabilities of return to work have been reported after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), survivors often have difficulty continuing to work because of their immunocompromised status and diverse late effects after allo-HCT. We evaluated the incidence of and risk factors for recurrent sick leave in allo-HCT survivors after they initially returned to work.We targeted allo-HCT survivors who were employed at diagnosis, aged 20-64 at survey, and survived for ≥ 2 years without relapse. Of the 1904 survivors who were informed of the study, 1148 returned the questionnaire (60%), and 1048 eligible participants were included in the overall analysis. In the present study that considered recurrent sick leave after return to work, we targeted 896 participants who returned to work at least once after allo-HCT. Participants stated if they had recurrent sick leave after returning to work and its reasons, as well as associated patient-, HCT/HCT center-, and work-related factors and clinical events after allo-HCT. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore correlated factors for recurrent sick leave.In survivors who returned to work, 30% required recurrent sick leave. The most frequent causes of recurrent leave were physical issues (72%), and analysis of free descriptions demonstrated that these were mainly associated with graft-versus-host disease, infection, or readmission. Other reasons included work-related issues such as gap between physical and working conditions. Multivariate analysis showed that cord blood transplantation, longer employment duration, and counseling from healthcare professionals were associated with a lower risk of recurrent leave. Readmission, immunosuppressant use, and symptoms involving the respiratory system, gut, and joints and muscles were associated with a higher risk.Our results drawn from a large cohort study should help healthcare professionals identify and assist at-risk patients. Multi-professional teams that provide continuous support and effective communication with the workplace are necessary to improve long-term outcomes after allo-HCT.In order to continue working after the initial return to work, it is important to receive counseling from healthcare professionals and obtain reasonable accommodation from workplace.

To characterize the issues regarding work and employment specific to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) survivors, we conducted a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey. We targeted allo-HCT survivors employed at diagnosis, aged 20–64 at survey, and survived ≥2 years without relapse. The questionnaire included the timing of and reasons for resignation (termination of employment contract), and patient-related, HCT-related, work-related, and HCT center-related factors. A total of 1048 eligible participants were included in the analysis (response rate, 60%). The median time after allo-HCT was 5 years (range, 2–30) at the time of survey. After diagnosis, 41% of participants resigned from work throughout the course of treatment. The most frequent timing of the first resignation was “after discharge post-HCT” (46%), followed by “from diagnosis to initial treatment” (27%). Factors significantly associated with resignation included female gender, older age, and part-time employment. Favorable factors included the presence of occupational health staff at the workplace, employment of ≥10 years, and self-employed/freelance. After resignation, the overall incidence of return to work with some accommodations was 76% at 5 years after HCT, but it was 52% without any accommodation. Overall, the rate of resignation was 41%, and the most frequent timing of resignation was after discharge post-HCT, accounting for approximately half of the resignations (46%). Workplace accommodations increased the rate of return to work from 52% to 76%. Early detection of employment-related concerns and support throughout the treatment process are necessary for patients receiving allo-HCT.

中国の中等教育には、近年第二外国語として日本語を設置する学校が見られる。しかし、中国教育部による第二外国語のシラバスや教科書はまだなく、何をどう教えればいいか、試行錯誤をしている教師が多い。このような状況の中、国際交流基金北京日本文化センターは、教材『エリンが挑戦!にほんごできます。』(国際交流基金、2007)の内容を厳選、中国の現地事情を考慮した内容を追加し、『エリンが挑戦!にほんごできます。艾琳学日語』として出版した。教材の作成にあたっては、中国の教室で第二外国語の主教材として使えるようにすること、同時に、第一外国語の日本語授業でも視聴覚教材として使えるようにすることを目標とした。教材に対しては、教師・学習者ともに好意的な評価を示したが、異文化理解の育成に関しては教師への支援が必要なことがわかった。, In recent years, many Chinese secondary schools have incorporated Japanese as a second foreign language. However, as neither syllabi nor textbooks have been produced by the Ministry of Education yet, many teachers have been unsure of how to proceed in teaching their students. Under the situation, the Japan Foundation, Beijing screened the contents of the textbook Erin`s Challenge! I Can Speak Japanese (The Japan Foundation, 2007), added new ones considering the local circumstances in China and published under the title Erin's Challenge! I can Speak Japanese –Ailin Xue Riyu. Various revisions were made so that it can be used not only as the main textbook for a second foreign language in Chinese classrooms, but also as an audiovisual material for a first foreign language. Although it was well received, it revealed the necessity to support the teachers with regards to building competence in intercultural understanding.

中国の中等教育日本語教師研修は、2003年から中国教育部直轄の教科書出版社である人民教育出版社と国際交流基金北京日本文化センターが共催で実施している「春季・夏季全国中等教育日本語教師研修」、及び当センター主催で2011年度から始まった「東北三省・内蒙古自治区高校生プロジェクトワーク」と並行して引率の教師に対して行われている「観察型教師研修」がある。「観察型教師研修」での教師の視点と気づきを分析した結果、視点は「生徒」と「内容」に向けられており、その分析レベルの多くは、「生起している事実」「観察者の印象や価値判断」に留まっているものの、内省と改善への意志に結びついていることがわかった。「観察型教師研修」のようなタイプの研修と、従来からの全国研修はそれぞれに果たす役割があり、今後は各研修の特徴を生かし、地域や参加者、内容を系統立てて実施していくことが求められる。本稿では「観察型教師研修」の意義を確認すると共に、中国における中等教育日本語教師研修について整理し報告する。

本稿では、中国で行った大学日本語教師研修にポートフォリオを導入した経過を振り返り、参加者の教師研修ポートフォリオを、キーワードの取り込み(アプロプリエーション)の実態、再文脈化の実態、実践的思考様式の実態という3つの観点から分析することで、教師研修におけるポートフォリオの意味を考察した。その結果、研修参加者は教師研修ポートフォリオを作成することで、研修からの知見を再文脈化し、実践経験を表象化していることが明らかになり、教師の成長過程における実践の表象化を支える手段としての教師研修ポートフォリオの意義の認識が可能となった。ポートフォリオ導入時の目的は、第一に研修の評価方法の模索、第二に参加者にポートフォリオを体験的に理解してもらうことであった。二点の目的はそれぞれ達成されたが、それに加えてポートフォリオ作成の過程が教師の成長過程に与える影響も、分析を通して新たに明らかになった。, This paper considered the meaning of Portfolio in teacher training courses through self-reflection about the process of introducing the Portfolio in a teacher training course for university teachers in China by analyzing from three aspects: Revelation of keyword introjection, "Appropriation", re-contextualization, and practical thought process. As a result, it was observed that participants re-contextualize findings from the course by composing Teacher Training Course Portfolio, and represent practical experience that enables the meaning of Teacher Training Course Portfolio to be recognized as a means to support the representation of practical experience in the growth process of a teacher. Both objectives of looking for a way of assessing the course and for participants to experience Portfolio were achieved. In addition, an analysis revealed that the process of making Portfolio influences the growth process of a teacher.

本稿では、教師研修ポートフォリオの導入を検討するため、中国における大学日本語教師のポートフォリオに対する認識を、インタビュー結果とアンケート記述をSCATの手法により分析することで明らかにした。教師たちは、ポートフォリオについて理解する前には、漠然と振り返りに使えるというイメージを持っているだけであった。しかし講義を受けた後は、ポートフォリオを利用して「学びのプロセスの可視化」、「時間軸の中で学習を捉える」、「学習者と教師とのコミュニケーション」、「仲間のポートフォリオとの比較検討」などが可能であるというように、ポートフォリオに対する期待が示された。同時に、利用方法について不安があることが確認された。また、教師研修での学びはそれを現場でどう生かせるかという視点で評価されるべきだと教師たちが考えていることもわかった。, This paper clarifies the image of Portfolio among university teachers in China in order to introduce portfolio assessment in a teacher training course. The authors analyzed the result of an interview research and a questionnaire survey using SCAT, Steps for Coding and Theorization. Before the training course, the teachers had had a vague idea of Portfolio that it could be used for self-reflection, however, after taking the lecture, they expected the possibility of "visualization of learning process", "recognition of learning in chronological order", "communication between a teacher and a learner", "comparative review of other learner's Portfolio". They also showed an anxiety on how to use the Portfolio at the same time. The authors found that the teachers thought what one had learned in a teacher training course should be evaluated from the perspective of how one can use it in his classroom.

The regulatory IL-10 and TGF-beta1 cytokine gene polymorphisms have been associated with allergic diseases in different populations, like Caucasian, Chinese and Indians. We investigated the association between the polymorphisms IL-10 A-1082G, C-819T, C-627A and TGF-beta1 T+869C, G+915C, C-509T and food allergy in Japanese children. One hundred and eleven children with food allergy and 115 atopic control children without food allergy were recruited. DNA samples from these subjects were genotyped by using PCR. The odds ratio of IL-10 -1082 AA genotype was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.0-6.4) for food allergy risk when compared with atopic control subjects (p = 0.03). There were no significative differences in the frequency of TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms between both groups. Our results indicate that IL-10 A-1082G gene polymorphism is associated with food allergy susceptibility in atopic Japanese children.

Background. The contribution that genetic polymorphisms of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and of CD14-both of which recognize respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the innate immune response-make to RSV bronchiolitis in the Japanese population has not yet been clarified. Methods. This study genotyped 2 TLR4 mutations, Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile, and 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD14, -550 C/T and -159 C/T, in 54 children with RSV bronchiolitis and in 203 control subjects. CD14 SNPs and the serum level of soluble CD14 (sCD14) also were examined in 67 cord-blood specimens and in serum samples from 73 6-year-old children. Results. No TLR4 mutations were found. The frequencies of both the CC genotype and the C allele of CD14 -550 C/T were significantly higher in children with RSV bronchiolitis than in the control subjects. The serum level of sCD14 was significantly higher in children with the CC genotype of CD14 -550 C/T than in those with the CT and TT genotypes. Conclusions. CD14 -550 C/T, which is related to the serum level of sCD14, is associated with the development of RSV bronchiolitis in the Japanese population. This study's results indicate that, in different ethnic groups, different genetic factors contribute to the development of RSV bronchiolitis.

Background The gene encoding CD14 is a positional candidate gene for allergic diseases as it is localized on chromosome 5q31, a region that is linked to atopy-related phenotypes. Although it has been shown that a polymorphism in the 5' region of the CD14 gene is associated with food allergy in white subjects, it is not clear whether this association is also present in the Japanese population. Methods Eighty-eight children with food allergy were recruited along with 101 children controls without food allergy. DNA samples from these subjects were genotyped by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay to investigate the relationship between two polymorphisms in the 5' region of the CD14 gene (C-159T and C-550T) and food allergy. Results There was no association among the CD14 alleles, dominant model or recessive model of either polymorphism with food allergy. Conclusions The CD14-159 and -550 polymorphisms might not play a major role in the pathogenesis of food allergy in Japanese children.

The reaction of 1,6-naphthyridine 3 with acetic anhydride results in the formation of the 1:1 adduct 4. Upon catalytic hydrogenation followed by acid hydrolysis and esterification, 4 affords 7 as an A-B steroid ring system synthon in moderate yield. Upon condensation with cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone, 7, gives the 4,8-diazasteroid system 8 and the D-homo compound 9, respectively.