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We evaluated the influence of preoperative treatments with biologics on surgical morbidity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).We reviewed the surveillance data of patients with CD who underwent surgery between April 2018 and April 2021. The possible risk factors for morbidity were analyzed.A total of 305 surgically treated patients were included. Anti-TNF alpha agents and ustekinumab were used in 92 and 27 patients, respectively, within 12 weeks before surgery. There were no cases of mortality. In total, 70/305 (23.0%) patients developed a complication, and 42/305 (13.8%) patients developed a surgical site infection (SSI) (17 incisional SSIs and 35 organ/space SSIs). Current smoking status (OR 3.44), emergent/urgent surgery (OR 6.85), and abdominoperineal resection (APR) (OR 14.93) were identified as risk factors for total complications. Penetrating disease (OR 14.55) was identified as a risk factor for incisional SSIs. Current smoking status (OR 7.09), an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score greater than 3 (OR 5.85), a postoperative blood sugar level over 155 mg/dL (OR 4.37), and APR (OR 207.95) were identified as risk factors for organ/space SSIs.No correlation between preoperative treatment with biologics and surgical mortality or morbidity was found. However, we should perform further analyses on a larger number of patients because the analyses may be limited by selection bias for treatment and several confounding factors.

Introduction: It is well known that the infectious complications and mortality rates are increased among elderly individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) during medical treatment. However, there have been few reports on surgery in elderly individuals with UC, and some cohort studies have reported surgical complication and mortality rates similar to those in nonelderly individuals. Methods: UC patients who underwent colectomy at the Hyogo College of Medicine between April 2012 and March 2020 were included in this study. The patients were classified as elderly (≥65) or nonelderly (Results: In all, 136/599 (22.7%) elderly patients were included. The incidence of infectious and fatal complications was 177/599 (29.5%) and 18/599 (3%), respectively. These complication rates were significantly higher in the elderly than the nonelderly group (p < 0.01). Age ≥65 years at surgery (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.87–4.57, p < 0.01) was identified as an independent risk factor for infectious complications. Age ≥65 years at surgery (OR = 8.03, 95% CI: 2.16–29.83, p < 0.01), American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥3 (OR = 6.00, 95% CI: 1.40–25.6 p = 0.02), and urgent/emergent surgery (OR = 16.24, 95% CI: 1.70–154.95, p = 0.02) were identified as independent risk factors for fatal complications. Discussion/Conclusion: Age ≥65 years was identified as a risk factor for infectious and fatal complications. It is important to avoid urgent/emergent surgery in elderly patients with an ASA score >3 by emphasizing surgical and medical collaboration and optimizing the timing of surgery.

Objectives: Few reports are available on post-colectomy enteritis (PCE) with ulcerative colitis (UC), which can be severe and sometimes fatal. The clinical characteristics are unclear, and treatment and diagnosis protocols have not been established. We aimed to investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic outcomes of PCE in this study. Methods: Patients with UC who underwent colectomy between April 2010 and December 2019 were included in this study. We retrospectively analyzed patients who developed PCE and excluded patients with other forms of enteritis. Results: We performed 829 colectomies because of a preoperative diagnosis of UC. Eleven and four patients were diagnosed with Crohn's disease and indeterminate colitis after surgery, respectively; 22 patients developed enteritis in the perioperative period. We excluded six patients with backwash ileitis, five with prepouch ileitis, three with infectious enteritis, and one with ischemic enteritis. In total, 7/814 (0.8%) patients developed PCE. All patients with PCE had pancolitis. PCE was observed a median of 33 (12-248) days after surgery. Endoscopy showed friable and granular mucosa. The extent of disease included various types such as pan-enteritis with diffuse type, pan-enteritis and mild inflammation in the middle ileum, and only ileitis. Gastroduodenitis-associated UC developed in 6/7 cases. All patients improved with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) antagonists even if TNFα antagonists had not been effective for colitis. Conclusions: PCE was rare. The mucosal endoscopic findings were similar to those of UC, and the extent of disease varied. TNFα antagonist administration for PCE was effective.

Objectives: The appropriate and recommended delivery mode after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been sufficiently evaluated. This study was designed to compare the delivery outcomes associated with cesarean section (CS) and vaginal delivery (VD) after IPAA. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of female patients who underwent IPAA for UC between July 1987 and May 2018. Additionally, we reviewed clinical data and collected information regarding pouch function and postpartum complications. Results: In total, 45 patients had 68 deliveries, including 64 CS deliveries and four VDs. Fecal incontinence worsened in seven patients, including six CS patients and one VD patient. The Wexner scores of these patients before and after delivery were 5.4 ± 0.4 and 14.8 ± 1.0, respectively (p = 0.005). Four patients in the CS group and one in the VD group (p = 0.32) had increased stool frequency. Bowel obstructions developed during 11/64 (17.2%) deliveries, and one patient required surgical intervention. One patient with four VDs (three before IPAA and one after IPAA) developed vaginal fistula 5 months after the final VD. Information on episiotomies could not be obtained. Conclusions: Pouch function can decline even after CS. Notably, bowel obstruction can develop after CS. However, we cannot recommend a particular delivery method after IPAA. Further analyses to elucidate the relationship between CS and postoperative complications or vaginal fistula and episiotomy in VDs should be conducted.

T cells differentiate into highly diverse subsets and display plasticity depending on the environment. Although lymphocytes are key mediators of inflammation, functional specialization of T cells in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been effectively described. Here, we performed deep profiling of T cells in the intestinal mucosa of IBD and identified a CD4

Surgical site infection is a major surgical complication and has been studied extensively. However, the efficacy of changing surgical instruments before wound closure remains unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of changing surgical instruments to prevent incisional surgical site infection during lower GI surgery.This was a randomized controlled trial.This study was conducted at the Hyogo College of Medicine in Japan.Patients undergoing elective lower GI surgery with open laparotomy were included.Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. In group A, the surgeon changed surgical instruments before wound closure, and in group B, the patients underwent conventional closure.The primary end point was the incidence of incisional surgical site infection. The secondary end point was the incidence of surgical site infection restricted to clean-contaminated surgery.A total of 453 patients were eligible for this trial. The incidence of incisional surgical site infection was not significantly different between group A (18/213; 8.5%) and group B (24/224; 10.7%; p = 0.78). In the clean-contaminated surgery group, the incidence of incisional surgical site infection was 13 (6.8%) of 191 in group A and 9 (4.7%) of 190 in group B (p = 0.51).This was a single-center study.Changing surgical instruments did not decrease the rate of incisional surgical site infection in patients undergoing lower GI surgery in either all wound classes or clean-contaminated conditions. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B701.ANTECEDENTES:La infección del sitio quirúrgico es una complicación importante y se ha estudiado ampliamente. Sin embargo, la eficacia de cambiar los instrumentos quirúrgicos antes del cierre de la herida sigue sin estar clara.OBJETIVO:El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la eficacia de cambiar el instrumental quirúrgico en la prevención de la infección del sitio quirúrgico en cirugía gastrointestinal inferior.DISEÑO:Estudio aleatorio controlado.AJUSTE:Este estudio se realizó en la Facultad de Medicina de Hyogo en Japón.PACIENTES:Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva de tubo digestivo bajo con laparotomía abierta.INTERVENCIONES:Los pacientes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a uno de dos grupos. En el grupo A, el cirujano cambió el instrumental quirúrgico antes del cierre de la herida, y en el grupo B, los pacientes se sometieron a un cierre convencional.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:El criterio de valoración principal fue la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico de la incisión. El criterio de valoración secundario fue la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico restringida a la cirugía limpia contaminada.RESULTADOS:Un total de 453 pacientes fueron elegibles para este ensayo. La incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico no fue significativamente diferente entre el grupo A (18/213; 8,5%) y el grupo B (24/224; 10,7%) (p = 0,78). En el grupo de cirugía limpia-contaminada, la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico incisional fue 13/191 (6,8%) en el grupo A y 9/190 (4,7%) en el grupo B (p = 0,51).LIMITACIÓN:Estudio de un solo centro.CONCLUSIÓNES:El cambio de instrumentos quirúrgicos no disminuyó la tasa de infección del sitio quirúrgico en todas las clases de heridas o condiciones limpias-contaminadas. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B701.

It is unclear whether immunomodulators or biologics, with the exception of corticosteroids, can be risk factors for postoperative infectious complications of ulcerative colitis (UC). Moreover, many immunosuppressive therapies including some biologics are used mainly to treat UC, and many patients are on multi-agent immunosuppressive therapy at the time of surgery. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of pre-operative multiple immunosuppressive agents on the occurrence of surgical site infection (SSI) in UC during the era of biologics. We reviewed surveillance data from 301 patients who underwent surgery between January 2015 and April 2018. The incidences of SSI and possible risk factors among patients receiving different immunosuppressive therapies were compared and analyzed. The incidence of incisional SSI was 6.6%, and that of organ/space SSI was 7.0%. Doses of corticosteroids were significantly decreased because of the recent shift toward the use of biologics. The types and numbers of immunosuppressive agents did not significantly correlate with each incidence. Age ≥ 65 years (odds ratio (OR) 3.0), total prednisolone dose ≥ 9000 mg (OR 2.7), and perioperative blood transfusion (OR 3.6) were shown to be independent risk factors for incisional SSI, whereas duration of surgery ≥ 252 min (OR 3.8), urgent/emergent surgery (OR 2.9), and perioperative blood transfusion (OR 2.6) were identified as independent risk factors for organ/space SSI. Although no correlation between pre-operative immunosuppressive therapies, except for corticosteroids, was found, selection bias may have occurred due to treatment before surgery. However, biologics, calcineurin inhibitors, and thiopurines did not affect surgical morbidity in UC.

Total proctocolectomy and an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis are recommended as the standard procedure for ulcerative colitis (UC)-colitis-associated cancer (CAC). However, several studies have reported the partial colectomy and endoscopic resection of UC-CAC in recent years. We present a surgical case of UC-CAC that was detected at a site that had not been diagnosed preoperatively, and we report potential problems of partial colectomy and endoscopic resection through this case. Considerations of synchronous and metachronous cancer/dysplasia are important before partial resection is planned for CAC in UC. Moreover, it should be noted that endoscopic resection at the anal site can be a risk factor for pouch surgery failure due to fibrosis after resection.

BackgroundThe incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing, but there are few reports comparing elderly UC patients undergoing colectomy for elderly-onset UC (EOUC) and nonelderly-onset UC (NEOUC). The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between EOUC and NEOUC patients who underwent UC-related surgery.MethodsWe identified 1973 patients with UC who underwent colectomy at Hyogo College of Medicine between January 1, 1984, and December 31, 2018. Only patients aged 65 years old and older who underwent colectomy were enrolled in this study (n=221, 11.2%), and their clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age at disease onset: those with onset at younger than 60 years old (NEOUC) and at 60 years old or older (EOUC).ResultsIn the 221 UC patients who underwent colectomy at 65 years old or older, there were 155 cases of EOUC and 66 cases of NEOUC. The main surgical indication in NEOUC patients was colitis-associated cancer/dysplasia (32/66, 47%). In contrast, refractory to medical treatment was the leading cause of surgery in EOUC patients (80/155, 52%). The distributions of surgical indications were different between the two groups (pConclusion Among elderly UC patients undergoing UC-related surgery, EOUC patients undergoing emergency surgery had very poor outcomes, and the mortality rate was 14.8%. In such cases, it is important for physicians and surgeons to begin communication at an early stage so that the optimal surgical timeframe is not missed.

Background The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing, but there are few reports comparing elderly UC patients undergoing colectomy for elderly-onset UC (EO) and nonelderly-onset UC (NEO). The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between EO and NEO patients who underwent UC-related surgery. Methods We identified 1973 patients with UC who underwent colectomy at Hyogo College of Medicine between January 1, 1984, and December 31, 2018. Only patients aged 65 years old and older who underwent colectomy were enrolled in this study (n = 221, 11.2%), and their clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to their age at disease onset: those with onset at younger than 60 years old (NEO) and at 60 years old or older (EO). Results In the 221 UC patients who underwent colectomy at 65 years old or older, there were 155 cases of EO and 66 cases of NEO. The main surgical indication in NEO patients was colitis-associated cancer/dysplasia (32/66, 47%). In contrast, refractory to medical treatment was the leading cause of surgery in EO patients (80/155, 52%). The distributions of surgical indications were different between the two groups (p Conclusion Among elderly UC patients undergoing UC-related surgery, EO patients undergoing emergency surgery had very poor outcomes, and the mortality rate was 14.8%. In such cases, it is important for physicians and surgeons to begin communication at an early stage so that the optimal surgical timeframe is not missed.

Background and aim Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α agents are now well known to function as effective treatments for Crohn's disease (CD). Several meta-analyses have revealed the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy for preventing recurrence after surgery; however, the efficacies reported in some prospective studies differed according to the outcomes. Moreover, adverse events (AEs) were not well evaluated. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate both the efficacy of anti-TNF therapy after stratification by the outcome of interest and the AEs. Methods We performed a systematic literature review of studies investigating anti-TNF therapy, CD, and postoperative recurrence. Meta-analyses were performed for endoscopic and clinical recurrence and AEs. Results A total of 570 participants, including 254 patients in the intervention group and 316 patients in the control group, in eight studies, were analyzed for recurrence. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the efficacies of anti-TNF therapy at preventing endoscopic and clinical recurrence were as follows: relative risk (RR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.22-0.53 and RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.36-1.02, respectively. The RR of AEs with anti-TNF therapy was 1.75 (95% CI 0.81-3.79). Conclusions Anti-TNF therapy after surgery for CD displays efficacy at preventing endoscopic recurrence for 1-2 years, without increasing the incidence of AEs. However, clinical recurrence was not significantly reduced. The efficacy of postoperative anti-TNF therapy may differ in terms of the outcomes, which include long-term prevention, the avoidance of further surgery, and cost-effectiveness.

Background Crohn’s disease (CD) recurrence can occur not only at the site of anastomosis but also elsewhere in the bowel following ileocolic resection (ICR). The aims of the present study were to assess long-term outcomes of a primary ICR procedure for CD in consecutive patients and examine the location of the reoperation causative lesion. Methods We examined cases of surgery with ICR initially performed at our institution. Those with a simultaneous multiple bowel resection or bowel resection with strictureplasty were excluded. Results A total of 169 patients who underwent ICR due to CD were enrolled. The median follow-up period was 12.6 years (range 4–27 years). A reoperation was needed in 45 (26.6%), of whom 14 had lesions causative of the reoperation at other than the anastomotic site. The most common causative lesion location was in the colon rather than the oral side of the small intestine. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between presence of residual lesions following the initial surgery and lesions causative of reoperation. In the group without residual disease (n = 31), 29.0% (n = 9) had non-anastomotic lesions involved in indications for reoperation, while that was 35.7% (n = 5) in the group with residual disease (n = 14). Conclusions Anastomotic site lesion is not the only causative factor for reoperation following ICR. Regular examinations and applicable treatment with awareness that the cause of reoperation is not limited to the site of anastomosis are important in these cases.

Background and Aims Performing a mucosectomy with a hand-sewn ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [IPAA] for ulcerative colitis [UC] theoretically reduces the risk of carcinoma arising from the anal transitional zone [ATZ]. Although current guidelines suggest a stapled anastomosis due to the low incidence of cancer after pouch surgery in UC patients, only a few small series have addressed the oncological advantage of mucosectomy. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence of ATZ/pouch cancer. Methods A total of 1970 UC patients who underwent surgery between April 1987 and December 2018 were included. We retrospectively analysed the incidences of primary ATZ cancer in the original operative specimen and de novo ATZ/pouch cancer after surgery. Possible risk factors for primary ATZ cancer and the pouch survival rate were assessed. Results Fourteen [6.4%] primary ATZ cancers developed in 220 UC-colorectal cancer [CRC] cases. Multiple (odds ratio [OR] = 8.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.77–27.83, p Conclusion The risk of de novo ATZ/pouch cancer and dysplasia was rare. The decision to perform a hand-sewn or a stapled IAA should be made on a case-by-case basis. However, the relatively high incidence of primary ATZ cancer in UC patients with CRC suggests that mucosectomy should be recommended for this patient group.

Objectives Restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA), with diverting ileostomy, are established ulcerative colitis (UC) treatments. The routine use of diverting ileostomy is controversial because of the risk of stoma closure and stoma related complications. In our institution, proctocolectomy and IPAA, with mucosectomy and handsewn anastomosis without diversion (one-stage IPAA), were performed for select patients with UC. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of patients undergoing one-stage IPAA. Methods Between April 1999 and July 2017, 300 patients underwent one-stage IPAA in our institution. The clinical notes and prognosis were reviewed retrospectively. Results Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification grade ≥III) occurred in 18 patients (6.0%). The most common complication was anastomotic leakage (n = 9, 3%). There were 15 patients (5.0%) who required a defunctioning ileostomy. However, 13 patients successfully underwent ileostomy closure and achieved acceptable pouch function. Finally, two patients (0.6%) required pouch excision in this series. The cumulative pouch functional rate was 99.6% / 5 years and 99.2% / 10 years. Conclusions One-stage IPAA is a good strategy for carefully selected patients with UC.

Background/Aim: Ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the surgical procedure of choice for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, to date few studies have examined functional outcomes or quality of life (QOL) in elderly patients after pouch construction. Methods: In December 2017, we sent questionnaires to 224 patients aged 65 years and older at the time who underwent an IPAA at our hospital between June 1987 and May 2015 regarding issues related to QOL and functional outcomes. Responders aged 65–69 years old were defined as the elderly group (EG), while those 70 years old and over comprised the super-EG (SEG). Results: The response rate was 60.7% (136/224); 70 patients were classified as EG, and 66 were classified as SEG. The SEG were older at the time of the IPAA and during the follow-up period (p < 0.01). The stool frequency per day was 8 times in both groups (p = 0.21). There was no significant difference between the EG and SEG with regard to daytime (53 vs. 56%, p = 0.73) or nighttime (65.7 vs. 53%, p = 0.16) soiling. There was also no difference in the exacerbation of daytime or nighttime soiling compared to the first year after the operation (daytime 5.7 vs. 12.1%, p = 0.23; nighttime 7.1 vs. 9.1%, p = 0.76). QOL was evaluated using the modified fecal incontinence QOL (mFIQL) scale, with no significant difference between the EG and SEG (27 vs. 31 points). Since both groups had mFIQL scores Conclusion: In our analysis of elderly patients in the long-term period following surgery for UC, some noted fecal soiling, though QOL was largely maintained, and there were no serious effects on daily life.

Autologous bone grafts remain the gold standard for the treatment of congenital craniofacial disorders; however, there are potential problems including donor site morbidity and limitations to the amount of bone that can be harvested. Recent studies suggest that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes fracture healing or osteogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether topically applied G-CSF can stimulate the osteoconductive properties of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in a rat calvarial defect model. A total of 27 calvarial defects 5 mm in diameter were randomly divided into nine groups, which were treated with various combinations of aβ-TCP disc and G-CSF in solution form or controlled release system using gelatin hydrogel. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed at eight weeks postoperatively. The controlled release of low-dose (1 μg and 5 μg) G-CSF significantly enhanced new bone formation when combined with aβ-TCP disc. Moreover, administration of 5 μg G-CSF using a controlled release system significantly promoted the biodegradable properties ofβ-TCP. In conclusion, the controlled release of 5 μg G-CSF significantly enhanced the osteoconductive and biodegradable properties ofβ-TCP. The combination of G-CSF slow-release andβ-TCP is a novel and promising approach for treating pediatric craniofacial bone defects.

Surgical correction of an anophthalmic enophthalmos secondary to inappropriate repair of the eye socket involves several difficult aesthetic issues associated with long-term use of a poorly fitting prosthetic eye. In this paper, we present two cases of anophthalmic enophthalmos. During the treatment of the first patient, unsatisfactory cosmetic problems including lower eyelid retraction, hypoglobus, and severe upper eyelid ptosis were revealed. Accordingly, a three-staged procedure was performed on the second patient, including autologous augmentation of the eye socket, correction of lower eyelid retraction with a cartilage graft, and a frontalis sling procedure to correct upper eyelid ptosis.

33歳男性。1年前から臍窩に腫瘤が出現し, 徐々に増大してきた。尿膜管遺残症を疑いMRI検査を施行したが尿膜管遺残症は否定された。切除生検を施行し悪性黒色腫と診断され, 3週間後に拡大切除術を施行した。再建した臍から5cm離し, 下床は腹直筋膜を含めて切除し腹膜も約1cmの幅で切除した。転移が示唆された左腋窩リンパ節郭清術を行い, sentinelリンパ節生検を施行した。左右の腹直筋を中央で合わせ, 皮膚欠損部は両側からのVY伸展皮弁で再建した。sentinelリンパ節生検の結果陽性だった右腋窩と右鼠径のリンパ節郭清術を2週間後に施行した。本症例をpT4bN3M0, Stage IIIcと診断し, DAV-feron化学療法を5クール施行した。術後1年6ヵ月後に腰椎L4棘突起に転移を認め, 整形外科で切除手術を行い, DAC Tam療法を2クール施行した。しかしながら初診から2年2ヵ月後に癌性リンパ管症で死亡した。

A hemangioma simplex (HS) or a port-wine stain has a tendency to darken in color and to become thickened gradually in its natural history. But it is uncommon for a skin cancer to develop inside an HS.We report a case of a 64-year-old female, who had a large HS on her face from birth, in which a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) developed. At first an excisional biopsy was done to define the histological diagnosis of the nodule which developed on her lower lip, and the diagnosis was BCC. Then a wide local excision of the nodule with 5mm surgical margin and plasty of the enlarged lip and tongue were performed under general anesthesia. At 11 months after the final operation, no sign of loco-regional recurrence was observed.There have been reported 19 cases of BCC developing inside HS in the literature. Eleven of these cases had some previous treatments for HS, such as thorium-X irradiation or cryotherapy. The etiological significance of the therapy is still unknown but is discussed in this article. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2004; 19: 198-202]

In reconstruction of resultant defects after excision of malignant soft tissue neoplasms, flap transfer is required for coverage of exposed major vessels, nerves, tendons, or bone. A perforator flap is effectively used for reconstruction of lower extremity defects because the flap is thin and provides low morbidity. In this report, a 72-year-old female presented with undifferentiated sarcoma of the knee. She was successfully treated with a pedicled anterior tibial perforator flap. In addition, a 68-year-old male presented with malignant fibrohistiocytoma of the leg. His limb was uneventfully reconstructed with a free deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. These two cases are described in this report. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2003; 18: 334-337]

症例は62歳, 男性.約1年前より慢性腎不全にて週3回の血液透析を施行されていた.定期の胸部単純X線で左肺上葉の無気肺を指摘され, 精査の結果, 左上葉入口部原発の扁平上皮癌で下葉支への浸潤が認められた.週3回の維持透析により患者の全身状態は良好にコントロールされており, 術前3日間連日透析施行後に, 左肺摘除術, 縦隔リンパ節郭清術を行った.術後は1日目より2日間透析を施行した後, 術前の透析スヶジュールに戻した.グルコース・インスリン療法を併用することにより術後の血清K値は良好に維持され, 術後18日目に退院した.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. The epithelioid variant accounts for 5% or less of MPNSTs; the clinical behavior of this variant is unclear. Reports of approximately 40 cases are available in the English literature; however, most reports addressed clinicopathological features rather than therapeutic procedures or clinical courses. We describe a case of a 62-year-old male with an epithelioid MPNST of the left foot. Multiple lung metastases developed after radical surgery on the primary lesion. The response to adjuvant chemotherapy including doxorubicin and ifosfamide was favorable, and thoracoscopic resection was subsequently performed on the remaining three metastases. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was observed at the 12-month followup after the first operation. Further followup and chemotherapy may be required.

Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (SCH) was originally described by Weiss and Enzinger (1986) as a low-grade angiosarcoma resembling both cavernous hemangioma and Kaposi's sarcoma. Recent studies suggest that SCH is a benign neoplasm or reactive lesion accompanying a congenital or acquired vascular malformation. Most SCHs present as one or more nodules affecting the dermis or subcutis of the distal extremities. Few reports describe SCH of the head and neck region; even fewer note intramuscular SCH. Here, we describe a case of SCH involving the temporal muscle mimicking soft tissue sarcoma, who had a successful surgical treatment with a coronal approach and zygomatic osteotomy.