1. Clinical Spectrum of Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract in Children.
- Author
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Kumar BH, Krishnamurthy S, Chandrasekaran V, Jindal B, and Ananthakrishnan R
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, India epidemiology, Infant, Male, Prenatal Diagnosis methods, Prenatal Diagnosis statistics & numerical data, Referral and Consultation organization & administration, Tomography, Emission-Computed methods, Tomography, Emission-Computed statistics & numerical data, Urography methods, Urography statistics & numerical data, Ureteral Obstruction diagnosis, Ureteral Obstruction etiology, Urinary Tract abnormalities, Urinary Tract diagnostic imaging, Urogenital Abnormalities classification, Urogenital Abnormalities diagnosis, Urogenital Abnormalities epidemiology, Urogenital Abnormalities physiopathology, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux classification, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux diagnosis, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux epidemiology, Vesico-Ureteral Reflux physiopathology
- Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the clinical spectrum and patterns of clinical presentation in congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract., Methods: We enrolled 307 consecutively presenting children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract at the pediatric nephrology clinic. Patients were evaluated clinically, with serum biochemistry, appropriate imaging and radionuclide scans., Results: The most common anomaly was primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) (87, 27.3%), followed by pelviureteral junction obstruction (PUJO) (62,20.1%), multicystic dysplastic kidney (51 16.6%), non-obstructive hydronephrosis (32, 10.4%) and posterior urethral valves (PUV) (23, 7.4%). 247 (80.4%) anomalies had been identified during the antenatal period. Another 33 (10.7%) were diagnosed during evaluation of urinary tract infection, and 21 (6.8%) during evaluation for hypertension at presentation. Obstructive anomalies presented earlier than non-obstructive (7 (3, 22.5) vs 10 (4, 24) mo: (P=0.01)). The median (IQR) ages of presentation for children with PUV (n=23), VUR (n=87) and PUJO (n=62) were 4 (2, 14) mo, 10 (5, 27) mo, and 7 (3, 22.5) mo, respectively. Nine (2.9%) children had extrarenal manifestations., Conclusions: The median age at clinical presentation for various subgroups of anomalies indicates delayed referral. We emphasize the need for prompt referral in order to initiate appropriate therapeutic strategies in children with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract.
- Published
- 2019