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3. Consistency, completeness and external validity of ethnicity recording in NHS primary care records: a cohort study in 25 million patients’ records at source using OpenSAFELY

Author

Andrews, Colm D., Mathur, Rohini, Massey, Jon, Park, Robin, Curtis, Helen J., Hopcroft, Lisa, Mehrkar, Amir, Bacon, Seb, Hickman, George, Smith, Rebecca, Evans, David, Ward, Tom, Davy, Simon, Inglesby, Peter, Dillingham, Iain, Maude, Steven, O’Dwyer, Thomas, Butler-Cole, Ben F. C., Bridges, Lucy, Bates, Chris, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Cockburn, Jonathan, Goldacre, Ben, MacKenna, Brian, Tomlinson, Laurie A., Walker, Alex J., and Hulme, William J.

Published
2024
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5. Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020–2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysis

Author

Walker, Alex, Green, Amelia, Mehrkar, Amir, Schaffer, Andrea, Brown, Andrew, Goldacre, Ben, Butler-Cole, Ben, MacKenna, Brian, Morton, Caroline, Walters, Caroline, Stables, Catherine, Cunningham, Christine, Wood, Christopher, Andrews, Colm, Evans, David, Hickman, George, Curtis, Helen, Drysdale, Henry, Dillingham, Iain, Morley, Jessica, Massey, Jon, Nab, Linda, Hopcroft, Lisa, Fisher, Louis, Bridges, Lucy, Wiedemann, Milan, DeVito, Nicholas, Macdonald, Orla, Inglesby, Peter, Smith, Rebecca, Croker, Richard, Park, Robin, Higgins, Rose, Bacon, Sebastian, Davy, Simon, Maude, Steven, O'Dwyer, Thomas, Ward, Tom, Speed, Victoria, Hulme, William, Hart, Liam, Stokes, Pete, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Douglas, Ian, Eggo, Rosalind, Evans, Stephen, Forbes, Harriet, Grieve, Richard, Grint, Daniel, Herrett, Emily, Langan, Sinead, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, Mathur, Rohini, McDonald, Helen, Parker, Edward, Rentsch, Christopher, Schultze, Anna, Smeeth, Liam, Tazare, John, Tomlinson, Laurie, Walker, Jemma, Williamson, Elizabeth, Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel, Zheng, Bang, Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, O'Hanlon, Shaun, Eavis, Alex, Jarvis, Richard, Avramov, Dima, Griffiths, Paul, Fowles, Aaron, Parkes, Nasreen, Perera, Rafael, Harrison, David, Khunti, Kamlesh, Sterne, Jonathan, Quint, Jennifer, Henderson, Alasdair D., Butler-Cole, Ben FC., Tomlinson, Laurie A., Marks, Michael, Jit, Mark, Briggs, Andrew, Lin, Liang-Yu, Carlile, Oliver, Bates, Chris, Bacon, Sebastian CJ., Dennison, William A., Costello, Ruth E., Wei, Yinghui, Walker, Alex J., and Eggo, Rosalind M.

Published
2024
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6. Impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life: an OpenSAFELY population cohort study using patient-reported outcome measures (OpenPROMPT)

Author

Walker, Alex, Green, Amelia, Mehrkar, Amir, Schaffer, Andrea, Brown, Andrew, Goldacre, Ben, Butler-Cole, Ben, MacKenna, Brian, Morton, Caroline, Walters, Caroline, Stables, Catherine, Cunningham, Christine, Wood, Christopher, Andrews, Colm, Evans, David, Hickman, George, Curtis, Helen, Drysdale, Henry, Dillingham, Iain, Morley, Jessica, Massey, Jon, Nab, Linda, Hopcroft, Lisa, Fisher, Louis, Bridges, Lucy, Wiedemann, Milan, DeVito, Nicholas, Macdonald, Orla, Inglesby, Peter, Smith, Rebecca, Croker, Richard, Park, Robin, Higgins, Rose, Bacon, Sebastian, Davy, Simon, Maude, Steven, O'Dwyer, Thomas, Ward, Tom, Speed, Victoria, Hulme, William, Hart, Liam, Stokes, Pete, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Douglas, Ian, Eggo, Rosalind, Evans, Stephen, Forbes, Harriet, Grieve, Richard, Grint, Daniel, Herrett, Emily, Langan, Sinead, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, Mathur, Rohini, McDonald, Helen, Parker, Edward, Rentsch, Christopher, Schultze, Anna, Smeeth, Liam, Tazare, John, Tomlinson, Laurie, Walker, Jemma, Williamson, Elizabeth, Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel, Zheng, Bang, Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, O'Hanlon, Shaun, Eavis, Alex, Jarvis, Richard, Avramov, Dima, Griffiths, Paul, Fowles, Aaron, Parkes, Nasreen, Perera, Rafael, Harrison, David, Khunti, Kamlesh, Sterne, Jonathan, Quint, Jennifer, Carlile, Oliver, Briggs, Andrew, Henderson, Alasdair D., Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., Tomlinson, Laurie A., Marks, Michael, Jit, Mark, Lin, Liang-Yu, Bates, Chris, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., Dennison, William A., Costello, Ruth E., Walker, Alex J., and Eggo, Rosalind M.

Published
2024
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7. Effectiveness and risk of ARB and ACEi among different ethnic groups in England: A reference trial (ONTARGET) emulation analysis using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum-linked data

Author

Baptiste, Paris J., Wong, Angel Y. S., Schultze, Anna, Clase, Catherine M., Leyrat, Clémence, Williamson, Elizabeth, Powell, Emma, Mann, Johannes F. E., Cunnington, Marianne, Teo, Koon, Bangdiwala, Shrikant I., Gao, Peggy, Wing, Kevin, and Tomlinson, Laurie

Subjects
England -- Health aspects, Angiotensin II receptor blockers -- Statistics -- Complications and side effects, Minorities -- Drug therapy -- Statistics, ACE inhibitors -- Statistics -- Complications and side effects, Ethnic groups -- Statistics -- Drug therapy, Drugs -- Adverse and side effects, Angioneurotic edema -- Risk factors -- Statistics, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background Guidelines by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommend an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) rather than an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) for the treatment of hypertension for people of African and Caribbean descent, due to an increased risk of angioedema associated with ACEi use observed in US trials. However, the effectiveness and risk of these drugs in Black populations in UK routine care is unknown. Methods and findings We applied a reference trial emulation approach to UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum data (linked with data from Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics) to study the comparative effectiveness of ARB and ACEi in ethnic minority groups in England, after benchmarking results against the ONTARGET trial. Approximately 17,593 Black, 30,805 South Asian, and 524,623 White patients receiving a prescription for ARB/ACEi between 1 January 2001 and 31 July 2019 were included with a median follow-up of 5.2 years. The primary composite outcome was cardiovascular-related death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalisation for heart failure with individual components studied as secondary outcomes. Angioedema was a safety endpoint. We assessed outcomes using an inverse-probability-weighted Cox proportional hazards model for ARB versus ACEi with heterogeneity by ethnicity assessed on the relative and absolute scale. For the primary outcome, 27,327 (18.0%) events were recorded in the ARB group (event rate: 25% per 5.5 person-years) and 80,624 (19.1%) events (event rate: 26% per 5.5 person-years) in the ACEi group. We benchmarked results against ONTARGET and observed hazard ratio (HR) 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.98) for the primary outcome, with an absolute incidence rate difference (IRD)% of -1.01 (95% CI: -1.42, -0.60) per 5.5 person-years. We found no evidence of treatment effect heterogeneity by ethnicity for the primary outcome on the multiplicative (P.sub.int = 0.422) or additive scale (P.sub.int = 0.287). Results were consistent for most secondary outcomes. However, for cardiovascular-related death, which occurred in 37,554 (6.6%) people, there was strong evidence of heterogeneity on the multiplicative (P.sub.int = 0.002) and additive scale (P.sub.int < 0.001). Compared to ACEi, ARB were associated with more events in Black individuals (HR 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.40); IRD% 1.07 (95% CI: 0.10, 2.04); number-needed-to-harm (NNH): 93) and associated with fewer events in White individuals (HR 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.93); IRD% -0.87 (95% CI: -1.10, -0.63); number-needed-to-treat (NNT): 115), and no differences in South Asian individuals (HR 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86, 1.09); IRD% -0.17 (95% CI: -0.87, 0.53)). For angioedema, HR 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.67) with no heterogeneity for ARB versus ACEi on the multiplicative scale (P.sub.int = 0.306). However, there was heterogeneity on the additive scale (P.sub.int = 0.023). Absolute risks were higher in Black individuals (IRD% -0.49 (95% CI: -0.79, -0.18); NNT: 204) compared with White individuals (IRD% -0.06 (95% CI: -0.09, -0.03); NNT: 1667) and no difference among South Asian individuals (IRD% -0.05 (95% CI: -0.15, 0.05) for ARB versus ACEi. Conclusions These results demonstrate variation in drug effects of ACEi and ARB for some outcomes by ethnicity and suggest the potential for adverse consequences from current UK guideline recommendations for ARB in preference to ACEi for Black individuals., Author(s): Paris J. Baptiste 1,2,*, Angel Y. S. Wong 2, Anna Schultze 2, Catherine M. Clase 3,4, Clémence Leyrat 5, Elizabeth Williamson 5, Emma Powell 2, Johannes F. E. Mann [...]

Published
2024
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8. Incidence of diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in England and the implications of COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective cohort study of 16 million people

Author

Al Arab, Marwa, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Andrews, Colm, Badrick, Ellena, Baz, Sarah, Beckford, Chelsea, Berman, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Booth, Charlotte, Bowyer, Ruth, Boyd, Andy, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Brophy, Sinead, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Kirsteen C, Carnemolla, Alisia, Carpentieri, Jd, Cezard, Genevieve, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Cheetham, Nathan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Crane, Matthew, Cuitun Coronado, Jose Ignacio, Curtis, Helen, Denaxas, Spiros, Denholm, Rachel, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Dobson, Richard, Douglas, Ian, Evans, Katharine M, Fang, Chao, Ferreira, Vanessa, Finnigan, Lucy, Fisher, Louis, Flaig, Robin, Folarin, Amos, Forbes, Harriet, Foster, Diane, Fox, Laura, Freydin, Maxim, Garcia, Paz, Gibson, Andy, Glen, Fiona, Goldacre, Ben, Goncalves Soares, Ana, Greaves, Felix, Green, Amelia, Green, Mark, Green, Michael, Griffith, Gareth, Hamill Howes, Lee, Hamilton, Olivia, Herbet, Annie, Herrett, Emily, Hopcroft, Lisa, Horne, Elsie, Hou, Bo, Hughes, Alun, Hulme, William, Huntley, Lizzie, Ip, Samantha, Jacques, Wels, Jezzard, Peter, Jones, Louise, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Karthikeyan Suseeladevi, Arun, Katikireddi, Vittal, Kellas, John, Kennedy, Jonathan I, Kibble, Milla, Knight, Rochelle, Knueppel, Anika, Kopasker, Daniel, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kwong, Alex, Langan, Sinead, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Lukaschuk, Elena, Mackenna, Brain, Macleod, John, Maddock, Jane, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, McArdle, Fintan, McCartney, Daniel, McEachan, Rosie, McElroy, Eoin, McLachlan, Stela, Mitchell, Ruth, Moltrecht, Bettina, Morley, Jess, Nab, Linda, Neubauer, Stefan, Nigrelli, Lidia, North, Teri, Northstone, Kate, Oakley, Jacqui, Palmer, Tom, Park, Chloe, Parker, Michael, Parsons, Sam, Patalay, Praveetha, Patel, Kishan, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piechnik, Stefan, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Ploubidis, George, Rafeti, Elena, Raman, Betty, Ranjan, Yatharth, Rapala, Alicja, Rhead, Rebecca, Roberts, Amy, Sampri, Alexia, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Santorelli, Gillian, Saunders, Laura C, Shah, Anoop, Shah, Syed Ahmar, Sharp, Steve, Shaw, Richard, Sheard, Laura, Sheikh, Aziz, Silverwood, Richard, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Stephen, Stafford, Jean, Steptoe, Andrew, Sterne, Jonathan, Steves, Claire, Stewart, Callum, Taylor, Kurt, Tazare, John, Teece, Lucy, Thomas, Richard, Thompson, Ellen, Tilling, Kate, Timpson, Nicholas, Tomlinson, Laurie, Toms, Renin, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Turner, Emma L, Walker, Alex, Walker, Venexia, Walter, Scott, Wang, Kevin, Wei, Yinghui, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Wild, James M, Willan, Kathryn, Willans, Robert, Williams, Dylan, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Angela, Woodward, Hannah, Wright, John, Yang, Tiffany, Zaninotto, Paola, Zheng, Bang, Zhu, Jingmin, Eastwood, Sophie, Horne, Elsie M F, Massey, Jon, Hopcroft, Lisa E M, Cuitun Coronado, Jose, Davy, Simon, Dillingham, Iain, Morton, Caroline, and Sterne, Jonathan A C

Published
2024
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9. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Chaturvedi, Nishi, Park, Chloe, Carnemolla, Alisia, Williams, Dylan, Knueppel, Anika, Boyd, Andy, Turner, Emma L., Evans, Katharine M., Thomas, Richard, Berman, Samantha, McLachlan, Stela, Crane, Matthew, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Oakley, Jacqui, Foster, Diane, Woodward, Hannah, Campbell, Kirsteen C., Timpson, Nicholas, Kwong, Alex, Soares, Ana Goncalves, Griffith, Gareth, Toms, Renin, Jones, Louise, Annie, Herbert, Mitchell, Ruth, Palmer, Tom, Sterne, Jonathan, Walker, Venexia, Huntley, Lizzie, Fox, Laura, Denholm, Rachel, Knight, Rochelle, Northstone, Kate, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Horne, Elsie, Forbes, Harriet, North, Teri, Taylor, Kurt, Arab, Marwa A.L., Walker, Scott, Coronado, Jose I.C., Karthikeyan, Arun S., Ploubidis, George, Moltrecht, Bettina, Booth, Charlotte, Parsons, Sam, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Steves, Claire, Thompson, Ellen, Garcia, Paz, Cheetham, Nathan, Bowyer, Ruth, Freydin, Maxim, Roberts, Amy, Goldacre, Ben, Walker, Alex, Morley, Jess, Hulme, William, Nab, Linda, Fisher, Louis, MacKenna, Brian, Andrews, Colm, Curtis, Helen, Hopcroft, Lisa, Green, Amelia, Patalay, Praveetha, Maddock, Jane, Patel, Kishan, Stafford, Jean, Jacques, Wels, Tilling, Kate, Macleod, John, McElroy, Eoin, Shah, Anoop, Silverwood, Richard, Denaxas, Spiros, Flaig, Robin, McCartney, Daniel, Campbell, Archie, Tomlinson, Laurie, Tazare, John, Zheng, Bang, Smeeth, Liam, Herrett, Emily, Cowling, Thomas, Mansfield, Kate, Costello, Ruth E., Wang, Kevin, Mansfield, Kathryn, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Douglas, Ian, Langan, Sinead, Brophy, Sinead, Parker, Michael, Kennedy, Jonathan, McEachan, Rosie, Wright, John, Willan, Kathryn, Badrick, Ellena, Santorelli, Gillian, Yang, Tiffany, Hou, Bo, Steptoe, Andrew, Giorgio, Di Gessa, Zhu, Jingmin, Zaninotto, Paola, Wood, Angela, Cezard, Genevieve, Ip, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Sampri, Alexia, Rafeti, Elena, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Sheikh, Aziz, Shah, Syed A., Katikireddi, Vittal, Shaw, Richard, Hamilton, Olivia, Green, Michael, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kopasker, Daniel, Greaves, Felix, Willans, Robert, Glen, Fiona, Sharp, Steve, Hughes, Alun, Wong, Andrew, Howes, Lee Hamill, Rapala, Alicja, Nigrelli, Lidia, McArdle, Fintan, Beckford, Chelsea, Raman, Betty, Dobson, Richard, Folarin, Amos, Stewart, Callum, Ranjan, Yatharth, Carpentieri, Jd, Sheard, Laura, Fang, Chao, Baz, Sarah, Gibson, Andy, Kellas, John, Neubauer, Stefan, Piechnik, Stefan, Lukaschuk, Elena, Saunders, Laura C., Wild, James M., Smith, Stephen, Jezzard, Peter, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Finnigan, Lucy, Ferreira, Vanessa, Green, Mark, Rhead, Rebecca, Kibble, Milla, Wei, Yinghui, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Teece, Lucy, Parker, Edward, Walker, Alex J., Inglesby, Peter, Curtis, Helen J., Morton, Caroline E., Morley, Jessica, Mehrkar, Amir, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., Hickman, George, Croker, Richard, Evans, David, Ward, Tom, DeVito, Nicholas J., Green, Amelia C.A., Massey, Jon, Smith, Rebecca M., Hulme, William J., Davy, Simon, Andrews, Colm D., Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., Drysdale, Henry, Dillingham, Iain, Park, Robin Y., Higgins, Rose, Cunningham, Christine, Wiedemann, Milan, Maude, Steven, Macdonald, Orla, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., O'Dwyer, Thomas, Stables, Catherine L., Wood, Christopher, Brown, Andrew D., Speed, Victoria, Bridges, Lucy, Schaffer, Andrea L., Walters, Caroline E., Rentsch, Christopher T., Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Schultze, Anna, Williamson, Elizabeth J., McDonald, Helen I., Tomlinson, Laurie A., Mathur, Rohini, Eggo, Rosalind M., Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel Y.S., Grieve, Richard, Grint, Daniel J., Mansfield, Kathryn E., Douglas, Ian J., Evans, Stephen J.W., Walker, Jemma L., Cowling, Thomas E., Herrett, Emily L., Parker, Edward P.K., Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, O'Hanlon, Shaun, Eavis, Alex, Jarvis, Richard, Avramov, Dima, Griffiths, Paul, Fowles, Aaron, Parkes, Nasreen, Nicholson, Brian, Perera, Rafael, Harrison, David, Khunti, Kamlesh, Sterne, Jonathan AC., Quint, Jennifer, Henderson, Alasdair D., Carreira, Helena, Bidulka, Patrick, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, Hayes, Joseph F., Quint, Jennifer K., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Langan, Sinéad M.

Published
2023
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12. Comparative effectiveness of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir versus sotrovimab and molnupiravir for preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes in non-hospitalised high-risk patients during Omicron waves: observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Zheng, Bang, Tazare, John, Nab, Linda, Green, Amelia CA., Curtis, Helen J., Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Herrett, Emily L., Costello, Ruth E., Eggo, Rosalind M., Speed, Victoria, Bacon, Sebastian CJ., Bates, Christopher, Parry, John, Cockburn, Jonathan, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Schaffer, Andrea L., Hulme, William J., Mehrkar, Amir, Evans, Stephen JW., MacKenna, Brian, Goldacre, Ben, Douglas, Ian J., and Tomlinson, Laurie A.

Published
2023
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13. Propensity scores using missingness pattern information: a practical guide

Author

Blake, Helen A., Leyrat, Clemence, Mansfield, Kathryn E., Seaman, Shaun, Tomlinson, Laurie A., Carpenter, James, and Williamson, Elizabeth J.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Electronic health records are a valuable data source for investigating health-related questions, and propensity score analysis has become an increasingly popular approach to address confounding bias in such investigations. However, because electronic health records are typically routinely recorded as part of standard clinical care, there are often missing values, particularly for potential confounders. In our motivating study -- using electronic health records to investigate the effect of renin-angiotensin system blockers on the risk of acute kidney injury -- two key confounders, ethnicity and chronic kidney disease stage, have $59\%$ and $53\%$ missing data, respectively. The missingness pattern approach (MPA), a variant of the missing indicator approach, has been proposed as a method for handling partially observed confounders in propensity score analysis. In the MPA, propensity scores are estimated separately for each missingness pattern present in the data. Although the assumptions underlying the validity of the MPA are stated in the literature, it can be difficult in practice to assess their plausibility. In this paper, we explore the MPA's underlying assumptions by using causal diagrams to assess their plausibility in a range of simple scenarios, drawing general conclusions about situations in which they are likely to be violated. We present a framework providing practical guidance for assessing whether the MPA's assumptions are plausible in a particular setting and thus deciding when the MPA is appropriate. We apply our framework to our motivating study, showing that the MPA's underlying assumptions appear reasonable, and we demonstrate the application of MPA to this study., Comment: 46 pages, 7 figures (2 in appendix), 3 tables (1 in appendix)

Published
2019

14. Changes in COVID-19-related mortality across key demographic and clinical subgroups in England from 2020 to 2022: a retrospective cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Nab, Linda, Parker, Edward P K, Andrews, Colm D, Hulme, William J, Fisher, Louis, Morley, Jessica, Mehrkar, Amir, MacKenna, Brian, Inglesby, Peter, Morton, Caroline E, Bacon, Sebastian C J, Hickman, George, Evans, David, Ward, Tom, Smith, Rebecca M, Davy, Simon, Dillingham, Iain, Maude, Steven, Butler-Cole, Ben F C, O’Dwyer, Thomas, Stables, Catherine L, Bridges, Lucy, Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Zheng, Bang, Williamson, Elizabeth J, Eggo, Rosalind M, Evans, Stephen J W, Goldacre, Ben, Tomlinson, Laurie A, and Walker, Alex J

Published
2023
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16. Measurement of kidney function in Malawi, South Africa, and Uganda: a multicentre cohort study

Author

Banda, Louis, Bello, Steven, Branson, Keith, Chisambo, Christina, Chithodwe, Odala, Kanyenda, Charity, Katundu, Cynthia, Kayange, Noel, Kayolo, Marriot, Kuchipanga, Veronica, Kyumba, Dorothy Makoka, Malunga, Adrian, Mvula, Beatson, Mweso, Elisah, Mwiba, Efrida, Ngwira, Lydia, Nkhwazi, Lawrence, Thindwa, Maureen, Adams, Itayi, Barrow, Kelly, Beltramo, Claudia, Bouter, Carolyn, Candy, Geoffrey, Chipungu, Shingirai, Chitagu, Tafadzwa, Dlamini, Phumzile, Gomez Olive Casas, Xavier, Gondwe, Mwawi, Gumede, Pearl, Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa, Kagodora, Brenda, Kahn, Kathleen, Khambule, Lungile, Khoza, Bongekile, Khoza, Dorcus, Khoza, Simon, Khoza, Weekend, Levin, Jonathan, Lesolang, Dorcas, Mabuza, Melody, Maher, Heather, Mahime, Nontsikeleko, Malupi, Willy, Maphatahanyi, Gontse, Mashaba, Nonhlanhla, Mathebula, Gift, Mayindi, Busisiwe, Mdaka, Brian, Mhembere, Memory, Mkansi, Mevian, Mnisi, Rrhandzu, Mnisi, Vusi, Mogane, Conrad, Mokoena, Tshepiso, Ndlovu, Walter, Ndlovu, Zandy, Ngobeni, Fortunate, Ngobeni, Khanyisile, Ngobeni, Nyiko, Ngobeni, Tsakani, Ngwarai, Ngoni, Nkuna, Doreen, Ntimane, Median, Ntimane, Terrence, Nxumalo, Obed, Ohene-Kwofie, Daniel, Sihlangu, Florah, Silubane, Bianca, Soo, Cassandra, Tibane, Jeffrey, Twine, Rhian, Ubisi, Surprise, Vangu, Mboyo-Di-Tamba, Wade, Alisha Nicole, Wafawanaka, Floidy, Asiki, Gershim, Bukenya, Dominic, Erone, Innocent, Tumwekase, Grace, Kabunga, Elizabeth, Kakande, Ayoub, Kaleebu, Pontiano, Kamali, Anatoli, Kiranda, Ronald Asuptas, Kushemererwa, Sylivia, Kwizera, Moses, Nabukenya, Kagina Josephine, Nakimera, Teddy, Naluggwa, Cptilda, Nassimbwa, Sureyah, Nyirenda, Moffat, Nabwato, Rose, Makanga, Ronald, Seeley, Janet, Sejjemba, Nambi Eva, Seremba, Grace, Alumadri, Vincent, Bird, Nick, Fabian, June, Kalyesubula, Robert, Mkandawire, Joseph, Hansen, Christian Holm, Nitsch, Dorothea, Musenge, Eustasius, Nakanga, Wisdom P, Prynn, Josephine E, Dreyer, Gavin, Snyman, Tracy, Ssebunnya, Billy, Ramsay, Michele, Smeeth, Liam, Tollman, Stephen, Naicker, Saraladevi, Crampin, Amelia, Newton, Robert, George, Jaya A, and Tomlinson, Laurie

Published
2022
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17. Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and immune-modifying therapies: a nationwide cohort study in the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

MacKenna, Brian, Kennedy, Nicholas A, Mehrkar, Amir, Rowan, Anna, Galloway, James, Matthewman, Julian, Mansfield, Kathryn E, Bechman, Katie, Yates, Mark, Brown, Jeremy, Schultze, Anna, Norton, Sam, Walker, Alex J, Morton, Caroline E, Harrison, David, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Rentsch, Christopher T, Williamson, Elizabeth, Croker, Richard, Bacon, Seb, Hickman, George, Ward, Tom, Davy, Simon, Green, Amelia, Fisher, Louis, Hulme, William, Bates, Chris, Curtis, Helen J, Tazare, John, Eggo, Rosalind M, Evans, David, Inglesby, Peter, Cockburn, Jonathan, McDonald, Helen I, Tomlinson, Laurie A, Mathur, Rohini, Wong, Angel Y S, Forbes, Harriet, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Douglas, Ian J, Smeeth, Liam, Lees, Charlie W, Evans, Stephen J W, Goldacre, Ben, Smith, Catherine H, and Langan, Sinéad M

Published
2022
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18. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among young people living with HIV in Sub Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Author

Nasuuna, Esther M., Nanyeenya, Nicholus, Kibirige, Davis, Izudi, Jonathan, Dziva Chikwari, Chido, Kalyesubula, Robert, Castelnuovo, Barbara, Tomlinson, Laurie A., and Weiss, Helen A.

Subjects
YOUNG adults, CHRONIC kidney failure, GLOMERULAR filtration rate, HIV-positive persons, PUBLICATION bias
Abstract

Background: Globally, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing among young people living with HIV (YPLHIV), with inconsistent estimates. Aggregated data on the prevalence of CKD are needed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to inform strategies for early diagnosis and management. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of CKD among YPLHIV in SSA. Methods: We searched Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online for articles reporting the prevalence of CKD among YPLHIV in SSA using predefined search strategies up to 15th January 2024. The reference lists of identified articles were checked for additional eligible studies. The eligibility criteria were studies among YPLHIV aged 10–24 years reporting CKD prevalence defined by either glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) or proteinuria. We used a narrative synthesis to report differences between the included studies. The DerSimonian-Laird random effects model was used to pool the CKD prevalence, and heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q-test and I-squared values. We assessed the risk of bias in each article using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and publication bias in a funnel plot and Egger's test. Results: Of 802 retrieved articles, 15 fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Of these, 12 (80%) were cross-sectional studies that used estimated GFR to diagnose CKD. Only one study followed the standard definition of CKD. The pooled CKD prevalence from 15 studies was 12% (95% CI 6.0–19.5%), ranging from 0.8% to 53.1% according to the definition used, with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 97.7%, p<0.001). The included studies were of moderate quality, with no evidence of publication bias. Sensitivity analysis showed that the findings were robust to the methodological and analytic approach. Conclusion: CKD prevalence among YPLHIV is moderately high and highly heterogeneous across SSA. The standard definition of CKD should be used to enable estimation of CKD prevalence in different studies and settings. HIV programs enrolling YPLHIV should routinely screen for CKD to ensure early diagnosis and management. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022347588. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records

Author

Thompson, Ellen J., Williams, Dylan M., Walker, Alex J., Mitchell, Ruth E., Niedzwiedz, Claire L., Yang, Tiffany C., Huggins, Charlotte F., Kwong, Alex S. F., Silverwood, Richard J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Bowyer, Ruth C. E., Northstone, Kate, Hou, Bo, Green, Michael J., Dodgeon, Brian, Doores, Katie J., Duncan, Emma L., Williams, Frances M. K., Steptoe, Andrew, Porteous, David J., McEachan, Rosemary R. C., Tomlinson, Laurie, Goldacre, Ben, Patalay, Praveetha, Ploubidis, George B., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Tilling, Kate, Rentsch, Christopher T., Timpson, Nicholas J., Chaturvedi, Nishi, and Steves, Claire J.

Published
2022
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21. Describing the population experiencing COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough following second vaccination in England: a cohort study from OpenSAFELY

Author

Green, Amelia, Curtis, Helen, Hulme, William, Williamson, Elizabeth, McDonald, Helen, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Rentsch, Christopher, Schultze, Anna, MacKenna, Brian, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Tomlinson, Laurie, Walker, Alex, Fisher, Louis, Massey, Jon, Andrews, Colm, Hopcroft, Lisa, Morton, Caroline, Croker, Richard, Morley, Jessica, Mehrkar, Amir, Bacon, Seb, Evans, David, Inglesby, Peter, Hickman, George, Ward, Tom, Davy, Simon, Mathur, Rohini, Tazare, John, Eggo, Rosalind, Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel, Forbes, Harriet, Bates, Chris, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Douglas, Ian, Evans, Stephen, Smeeth, Liam, and Goldacre, Ben

Published
2022
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22. Comparison of methods for predicting COVID-19-related death in the general population using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Williamson, Elizabeth J., Tazare, John, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, McDonald, Helen I., Walker, Alex J., Tomlinson, Laurie, Wing, Kevin, Bacon, Sebastian, Bates, Chris, Curtis, Helen J., Forbes, Harriet J., Minassian, Caroline, Morton, Caroline E., Nightingale, Emily, Mehrkar, Amir, Evans, David, Nicholson, Brian D., Leon, David A., Inglesby, Peter, MacKenna, Brian, Davies, Nicholas G., DeVito, Nicholas J., Drysdale, Henry, Cockburn, Jonathan, Hulme, William J., Morley, Jessica, Douglas, Ian, Rentsch, Christopher T., Mathur, Rohini, Wong, Angel, Schultze, Anna, Croker, Richard, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Grieve, Richard, Harrison, David A., Steyerberg, Ewout W., Eggo, Rosalind M., Diaz-Ordaz, Karla, Keogh, Ruth, Evans, Stephen J. W., Smeeth, Liam, and Goldacre, Ben

Published
2022
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23. Cardiorenal effects of dual blockade with Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and Angiotensin receptor blockers in people with CKD: analysis of routinely collected data with emulation of a reference trial (ONTARGET)

Author

Baptiste, Paris J, primary, Wong, Angel YS, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Clase, Catherine M, additional, Leyrat, Clémence, additional, Williamson, Elizabeth, additional, Powell, Emma Maud, additional, Mann, Johannes FE, additional, Cunnington, Marianne, additional, Teo, Koon, additional, Bangdiwala, Shrikant I, additional, Gao, Peggy, additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, and Tomlinson, Laurie, additional

Published
2024
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24. OpenSAFELY: A platform for analysing electronic health records designed for reproducible research

Author

Nab, Linda, primary, Schaffer, Andrea L., additional, Hulme, William, additional, DeVito, Nicholas J., additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Wiedemann, Milan, additional, Andrews, Colm D., additional, Curtis, Helen, additional, Fisher, Louis, additional, Green, Amelia, additional, Massey, Jon, additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Higgins, Rose, additional, Cunningham, Christine, additional, Morley, Jessica, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Hart, Liam, additional, Davy, Simon, additional, Evans, David, additional, Hickman, George, additional, Inglesby, Peter, additional, Morton, Caroline E., additional, Smith, Rebecca M., additional, Ward, Tom, additional, O'Dwyer, Thomas, additional, Maude, Steven, additional, Bridges, Lucy, additional, Butler‐Cole, Ben F. C., additional, Stables, Catherine L., additional, Stokes, Pete, additional, Bates, Chris, additional, Cockburn, Jonny, additional, Hester, Frank, additional, Parry, John, additional, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Rentsch, Christopher T., additional, Mathur, Rohini, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A., additional, Williamson, Elizabeth J., additional, Smeeth, Liam, additional, Walker, Alex, additional, Bacon, Sebastian, additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, and Goldacre, Ben, additional

Published
2024
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25. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on deprivation-level differences in cardiovascular hospitalisations: A comparison of England and Denmark using the OpenSAFELY platform and National Registry Data

Author

Costello, Ruth, primary, Henderson, Alasdair, additional, Tazare, John, additional, Pedersen, Lars, additional, Toft Sorensen, Henrik, additional, Vandenbroucke, Jan, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn E, additional, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, additional, Zheng, Bang, additional, Carreira, Helena, additional, Bidulka, Patrick, additional, Piehlmaier, Dominik, additional, Wong, Angel, additional, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, additional, Hayes, Joseph F, additional, Quint, Jennifer K, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Bacon, Sebastian, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie, additional, Langan, Sinead, additional, and Mathur, Rohini, additional

Published
2024
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26. #530 Cardiorenal effects of dual blockade with ACE inhibitors and ARBs among people with CKD: emulation of a reference trial (ONTARGET) using CPRD

Author

Baptiste, Paris J, primary, Wong, Angel Y S, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Clase, Catherine M, additional, Leyrat, Clémence, additional, Williamson, Elizabeth, additional, Powell, Emma, additional, Mann, Johannes F E, additional, Cunnington, Marianne, additional, Teo, Koon, additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, and Tomlinson, Laurie, additional

Published
2024
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29. Effect of pre-exposure use of hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 mortality: a population-based cohort study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Rentsch, Christopher T, DeVito, Nicholas J, MacKenna, Brian, Morton, Caroline E, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Brown, Jeremy P, Schultze, Anna, Hulme, William J, Croker, Richard, Walker, Alex J, Williamson, Elizabeth J, Bates, Chris, Bacon, Seb, Mehrkar, Amir, Curtis, Helen J, Evans, David, Wing, Kevin, Inglesby, Peter, Mathur, Rohini, Drysdale, Henry, Wong, Angel Y S, McDonald, Helen I, Cockburn, Jonathan, Forbes, Harriet, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Smeeth, Liam, Douglas, Ian J, Dixon, William G, Evans, Stephen J W, Tomlinson, Laurie, and Goldacre, Ben

Published
2021
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31. Risk of COVID-19-related death among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma prescribed inhaled corticosteroids: an observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Schultze, Anna, Walker, Alex J, MacKenna, Brian, Morton, Caroline E, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Brown, Jeremy P, Rentsch, Christopher T, Williamson, Elizabeth, Drysdale, Henry, Croker, Richard, Bacon, Seb, Hulme, William, Bates, Chris, Curtis, Helen J, Mehrkar, Amir, Evans, David, Inglesby, Peter, Cockburn, Jonathan, McDonald, Helen I, Tomlinson, Laurie, Mathur, Rohini, Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel Y S, Forbes, Harriet, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Evans, Stephen J W, Quint, Jennifer, Smeeth, Liam, Douglas, Ian J, and Goldacre, Ben

Published
2020
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33. Comparative effectiveness of ARB and ACEi for cardiovascular outcomes and risk of angioedema among different ethnic groups in England: an analysis in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink with emulation of a reference trial (ONTARGET)

Author

Baptiste, Paris J, primary, Wong, Angel YS, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Clase, Catherine M, additional, Leyrat, Clémence, additional, Williamson, Elizabeth, additional, Powell, Emma, additional, Mann, Johannes FE, additional, Cunnington, Marianne, additional, Teo, Koon, additional, Bangdiwala, Shrikant I, additional, Gao, Peggy, additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, and Tomlinson, Laurie, additional

Published
2024
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34. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY

Author

Williamson, Elizabeth J., Walker, Alex J., Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Bacon, Seb, Bates, Chris, Morton, Caroline E., Curtis, Helen J., Mehrkar, Amir, Evans, David, Inglesby, Peter, Cockburn, Jonathan, McDonald, Helen I., MacKenna, Brian, Tomlinson, Laurie, Douglas, Ian J., Rentsch, Christopher T., Mathur, Rohini, Wong, Angel Y. S., Grieve, Richard, Harrison, David, Forbes, Harriet, Schultze, Anna, Croker, Richard, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Perera, Rafael, Evans, Stephen J. W., Smeeth, Liam, and Goldacre, Ben

Published
2020
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37. Incidence of diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in England and the implications of COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective cohort study of 16 million people

Author

Taylor, Kurt, Eastwood, Sophie, Walker, Venexia, Cezard, Genevieve, Knight, Rochelle, Al Arab, Marwa, Wei, Yinghui, Horne, Elsie M F, Teece, Lucy, Forbes, Harriet, Walker, Alex, Fisher, Louis, Massey, Jon, Hopcroft, Lisa E M, Palmer, Tom, Cuitun Coronado, Jose, Ip, Samantha, Davy, Simon, Dillingham, Iain, Morton, Caroline, Greaves, Felix, Macleod, John, Goldacre, Ben, Wood, Angela, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Sterne, Jonathan A C, Denholm, Rachel, Al Arab, Marwa, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Andrews, Colm, Badrick, Ellena, Baz, Sarah, Beckford, Chelsea, Berman, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Booth, Charlotte, Bowyer, Ruth, Boyd, Andy, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Brophy, Sinead, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Kirsteen C, Carnemolla, Alisia, Carpentieri, Jd, Cezard, Genevieve, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Cheetham, Nathan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Crane, Matthew, Cuitun Coronado, Jose Ignacio, Curtis, Helen, Denaxas, Spiros, Denholm, Rachel, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Dobson, Richard, Douglas, Ian, Evans, Katharine M, Fang, Chao, Ferreira, Vanessa, Finnigan, Lucy, Fisher, Louis, Flaig, Robin, Folarin, Amos, Forbes, Harriet, Foster, Diane, Fox, Laura, Freydin, Maxim, Garcia, Paz, Gibson, Andy, Glen, Fiona, Goldacre, Ben, Goncalves Soares, Ana, Greaves, Felix, Green, Amelia, Green, Mark, Green, Michael, Griffith, Gareth, Hamill Howes, Lee, Hamilton, Olivia, Herbet, Annie, Herrett, Emily, Hopcroft, Lisa, Horne, Elsie, Hou, Bo, Hughes, Alun, Hulme, William, Huntley, Lizzie, Ip, Samantha, Jacques, Wels, Jezzard, Peter, Jones, Louise, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Karthikeyan Suseeladevi, Arun, Katikireddi, Vittal, Kellas, John, Kennedy, Jonathan I, Kibble, Milla, Knight, Rochelle, Knueppel, Anika, Kopasker, Daniel, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kwong, Alex, Langan, Sinead, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Lukaschuk, Elena, Mackenna, Brain, Macleod, John, Maddock, Jane, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, McArdle, Fintan, McCartney, Daniel, McEachan, Rosie, McElroy, Eoin, McLachlan, Stela, Mitchell, Ruth, Moltrecht, Bettina, Morley, Jess, Nab, Linda, Neubauer, Stefan, Nigrelli, Lidia, North, Teri, Northstone, Kate, Oakley, Jacqui, Palmer, Tom, Park, Chloe, Parker, Michael, Parsons, Sam, Patalay, Praveetha, Patel, Kishan, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piechnik, Stefan, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Ploubidis, George, Rafeti, Elena, Raman, Betty, Ranjan, Yatharth, Rapala, Alicja, Rhead, Rebecca, Roberts, Amy, Sampri, Alexia, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Santorelli, Gillian, Saunders, Laura C, Shah, Anoop, Shah, Syed Ahmar, Sharp, Steve, Shaw, Richard, Sheard, Laura, Sheikh, Aziz, Silverwood, Richard, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Stephen, Stafford, Jean, Steptoe, Andrew, Sterne, Jonathan, Steves, Claire, Stewart, Callum, Taylor, Kurt, Tazare, John, Teece, Lucy, Thomas, Richard, Thompson, Ellen, Tilling, Kate, Timpson, Nicholas, Tomlinson, Laurie, Toms, Renin, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Turner, Emma L, Walker, Alex, Walker, Venexia, Walter, Scott, Wang, Kevin, Wei, Yinghui, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Wild, James M, Willan, Kathryn, Willans, Robert, Williams, Dylan, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Angela, Woodward, Hannah, Wright, John, Yang, Tiffany, Zaninotto, Paola, Zheng, Bang, and Zhu, Jingmin

Abstract

Some studies have shown that the incidence of type 2 diabetes increases after a diagnosis of COVID-19, although the evidence is not conclusive. However, the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on this association, or the effect on other diabetes subtypes, are not clear. We aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 and incidence of type 2, type 1, gestational and non-specific diabetes, and the effect of COVID- 19 vaccination, up to 52 weeks after diagnosis.

Published
2024
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38. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Costello, Ruth E., primary, Tazare, John, additional, Piehlmaier, Dominik, additional, Herrett, Emily, additional, Parker, Edward P.K., additional, Zheng, Bang, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn E., additional, Henderson, Alasdair D., additional, Carreira, Helena, additional, Bidulka, Patrick, additional, Wong, Angel Y.S., additional, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, additional, Hayes, Joseph F., additional, Quint, Jennifer K., additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Eggo, Rosalind M., additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie, additional, Langan, Sinéad M., additional, Mathur, Rohini, additional, Chaturvedi, Nishi, additional, Park, Chloe, additional, Carnemolla, Alisia, additional, Williams, Dylan, additional, Knueppel, Anika, additional, Boyd, Andy, additional, Turner, Emma L., additional, Evans, Katharine M., additional, Thomas, Richard, additional, Berman, Samantha, additional, McLachlan, Stela, additional, Crane, Matthew, additional, Whitehorn, Rebecca, additional, Oakley, Jacqui, additional, Foster, Diane, additional, Woodward, Hannah, additional, Campbell, Kirsteen C., additional, Timpson, Nicholas, additional, Kwong, Alex, additional, Soares, Ana Goncalves, additional, Griffith, Gareth, additional, Toms, Renin, additional, Jones, Louise, additional, Annie, Herbert, additional, Mitchell, Ruth, additional, Palmer, Tom, additional, Sterne, Jonathan, additional, Walker, Venexia, additional, Huntley, Lizzie, additional, Fox, Laura, additional, Denholm, Rachel, additional, Knight, Rochelle, additional, Northstone, Kate, additional, Kanagaratnam, Arun, additional, Horne, Elsie, additional, Forbes, Harriet, additional, North, Teri, additional, Taylor, Kurt, additional, Arab, Marwa A.L., additional, Walker, Scott, additional, Coronado, Jose I.C., additional, Karthikeyan, Arun S., additional, Ploubidis, George, additional, Moltrecht, Bettina, additional, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Parsons, Sam, additional, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, additional, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, additional, Steves, Claire, additional, Thompson, Ellen, additional, Garcia, Paz, additional, Cheetham, Nathan, additional, Bowyer, Ruth, additional, Freydin, Maxim, additional, Roberts, Amy, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Walker, Alex, additional, Morley, Jess, additional, Hulme, William, additional, Nab, Linda, additional, Fisher, Louis, additional, Andrews, Colm, additional, Curtis, Helen, additional, Hopcroft, Lisa, additional, Green, Amelia, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Maddock, Jane, additional, Patel, Kishan, additional, Stafford, Jean, additional, Jacques, Wels, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Macleod, John, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Shah, Anoop, additional, Silverwood, Richard, additional, Denaxas, Spiros, additional, Flaig, Robin, additional, McCartney, Daniel, additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Smeeth, Liam, additional, Cowling, Thomas, additional, Mansfield, Kate, additional, Costello, Ruth E., additional, Wang, Kevin, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn, additional, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, additional, Douglas, Ian, additional, Langan, Sinead, additional, Brophy, Sinead, additional, Parker, Michael, additional, Kennedy, Jonathan, additional, McEachan, Rosie, additional, Wright, John, additional, Willan, Kathryn, additional, Badrick, Ellena, additional, Santorelli, Gillian, additional, Yang, Tiffany, additional, Hou, Bo, additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Giorgio, Di Gessa, additional, Zhu, Jingmin, additional, Zaninotto, Paola, additional, Wood, Angela, additional, Cezard, Genevieve, additional, Ip, Samantha, additional, Bolton, Tom, additional, Sampri, Alexia, additional, Rafeti, Elena, additional, Almaghrabi, Fatima, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Shah, Syed A., additional, Katikireddi, Vittal, additional, Shaw, Richard, additional, Hamilton, Olivia, additional, Green, Michael, additional, Kromydas, Theocharis, additional, Kopasker, Daniel, additional, Greaves, Felix, additional, Willans, Robert, additional, Glen, Fiona, additional, Sharp, Steve, additional, Hughes, Alun, additional, Wong, Andrew, additional, Howes, Lee Hamill, additional, Rapala, Alicja, additional, Nigrelli, Lidia, additional, McArdle, Fintan, additional, Beckford, Chelsea, additional, Raman, Betty, additional, Dobson, Richard, additional, Folarin, Amos, additional, Stewart, Callum, additional, Ranjan, Yatharth, additional, Carpentieri, Jd, additional, Sheard, Laura, additional, Fang, Chao, additional, Baz, Sarah, additional, Gibson, Andy, additional, Kellas, John, additional, Neubauer, Stefan, additional, Piechnik, Stefan, additional, Lukaschuk, Elena, additional, Saunders, Laura C., additional, Wild, James M., additional, Smith, Stephen, additional, Jezzard, Peter, additional, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, additional, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, additional, Finnigan, Lucy, additional, Ferreira, Vanessa, additional, Green, Mark, additional, Rhead, Rebecca, additional, Kibble, Milla, additional, Wei, Yinghui, additional, Lemanska, Agnieszka, additional, Perez-Reche, Francisco, additional, Teece, Lucy, additional, Parker, Edward, additional, Walker, Alex J., additional, Inglesby, Peter, additional, Curtis, Helen J., additional, Morton, Caroline E., additional, Morley, Jessica, additional, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., additional, Hickman, George, additional, Croker, Richard, additional, Evans, David, additional, Ward, Tom, additional, DeVito, Nicholas J., additional, Green, Amelia C.A., additional, Massey, Jon, additional, Smith, Rebecca M., additional, Hulme, William J., additional, Davy, Simon, additional, Andrews, Colm D., additional, Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., additional, Drysdale, Henry, additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Park, Robin Y., additional, Higgins, Rose, additional, Cunningham, Christine, additional, Wiedemann, Milan, additional, Maude, Steven, additional, Macdonald, Orla, additional, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., additional, O'Dwyer, Thomas, additional, Stables, Catherine L., additional, Wood, Christopher, additional, Brown, Andrew D., additional, Speed, Victoria, additional, Bridges, Lucy, additional, Schaffer, Andrea L., additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Rentsch, Christopher T., additional, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Williamson, Elizabeth J., additional, McDonald, Helen I., additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A., additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, Grieve, Richard, additional, Grint, Daniel J., additional, Douglas, Ian J., additional, Evans, Stephen J.W., additional, Walker, Jemma L., additional, Cowling, Thomas E., additional, Herrett, Emily L., additional, Bates, Christopher, additional, Cockburn, Jonathan, additional, Parry, John, additional, Hester, Frank, additional, Harper, Sam, additional, O'Hanlon, Shaun, additional, Eavis, Alex, additional, Jarvis, Richard, additional, Avramov, Dima, additional, Griffiths, Paul, additional, Fowles, Aaron, additional, Parkes, Nasreen, additional, Nicholson, Brian, additional, Perera, Rafael, additional, Harrison, David, additional, Khunti, Kamlesh, additional, Sterne, Jonathan AC., additional, and Quint, Jennifer, additional

Published
2023
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39. Cohort profile: OpenPROMPT

Author

Henderson, Alasdair D, primary, Carlile, Oliver, additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Butler-Cole, Ben FC, additional, Tomlin, Keith, additional, Jit, Mark, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A, additional, Marks, Michael, additional, Briggs, Andrew, additional, Lin, Liang-Yu, additional, Bates, Christopher, additional, Parry, John, additional, Bacon, Sebastian CJ, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Collaborative, The OpenSAFELY, additional, Herrett, Emily, additional, and Eggo, Rosalind M, additional

Published
2023
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40. Ursodeoxycholic acid and severe COVID-19 outcomes in people with liver disease: a cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Costello, Ruth E, primary, Waller, Karen MJ, additional, Smith, Rachel, additional, Mells, George F, additional, Wong, Angel YS, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, additional, Herrett, Emily, additional, Zheng, Bang, additional, Lin, Liang-Yu, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Bacon, Sebastian CJ, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A, additional, Tazare, John, additional, and Rentsch, Christopher T., additional

Published
2023
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41. Clinical coding of long COVID in primary care 2020-2023 in a cohort of 19 million adults: an OpenSAFELY analysis

Author

Henderson, Alasdair D, primary, Butler-Cole, Ben FC, additional, Tazare, John, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A, additional, Marks, Michael, additional, Jit, Mark, additional, Briggs, Andrew, additional, Lin, Liang-Yu, additional, Carlile, Oliver, additional, Bates, Christopher, additional, Parry, John, additional, Bacon, Sebastian CJ, additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Dennison, William A, additional, Costello, Ruth E, additional, Wei, Yinghui, additional, Walker, Alex J, additional, Hulme, William, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, Collaborative, The OpenSAFELY, additional, Herrett, Emily, additional, and Eggo, Rosalind M, additional

Published
2023
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43. Arterial Stiffness and Chronic Kidney Disease

Author

Tomlinson, Laurie

Subjects
616.6
Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) common, particularly in the elderly, and is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is partly explained by joint risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes but novel risk factors such as arterial stiffness, arterial calcification and endothelial dysfunction may play a role. Our aims were 1) to prospectively investigate whether aortic stiffness was linked with rate of decline of renal dysfunction, 2) to investigate the associations of arterial stiffness in patients with moderate renal dysfunction, and 3) to investigate whether aortic stiffness was linked with adverse outcomes. Secondary aims were to explore the links between 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (24h ABPM), aortic stiffness, and the novel CV risk factors asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Fetuin-A. Methods: This is an observational study of 133 patients with CKD stages 3-4 (estimated GFR 15-60mUmin). At baseline subjects underwent full assessment of CV risk, measurement of arterial stiffness, Fetuin-A, ADMA, and 24h ABPM. Patients were then followed-up with repeat of arterial stiffness measurements 6- monthly. Change in renal function and clinical events were recorded. Major results: Renal function is a determinant of aortic stiffness independent of other well-described factors. Aortic stiffness is closely linked to deterioration in renal function and predicts cardiovascular events within this cohort. There is a high prevalence of ambulatory hypotension during 24h ABPM in older patients with CKD, and a large difference in BP between clinic and home measurements. The BP difference is associated with aortic stiffness, and is suggestive of a causal relationship. A rise in BP at night is associated with increased aortic stiffness, as is the related measure of postural hypotension. ADMA levels are related to change in renal function, while Fetuin-A is related to change in aortic stiffness. Conclusion: In this predominantly elderly cohort of patients with CKD stages 3 and 4, aortic stiffness is associated with baseline and change in renal fundion, CV risk and BP pattems. This highlights the close links between macro- and microvascular disease and suggests that knowledge of aortic stiffness may be crucial in further understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of renal disease.

Published
2009

44. Overall and cause-specific hospitalisation and death after COVID-19 hospitalisation in England: A cohort study using linked primary care, secondary care, and death registration data in the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Rentsch, Christopher T., Hickman, George, Hulme, William J., Schultze, Anna, Curtis, Helen J., Wing, Kevin, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, Tomlinson, Laurie, Bates, Chris J., Mathur, Rohini, MacKenna, Brian, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Wong, Angel, Walker, Alex J., Morton, Caroline E., Grint, Daniel, Mehrkar, Amir, Eggo, Rosalind M., Inglesby, Peter, Douglas, Ian J., McDonald, Helen I., Cockburn, Jonathan, Williamson, Elizabeth J., Evans, David, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, Evans, Stephen JW, Bacon, Sebastian, Smeeth, Liam, and Goldacre, Ben

Subjects
Hospital care -- Patient outcomes -- Risk factors, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background There is concern about medium to long-term adverse outcomes following acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little relevant evidence exists. We aimed to investigate whether risks of hospital admission and death, overall and by specific cause, are raised following discharge from a COVID-19 hospitalisation. Methods and findings With the approval of NHS-England, we conducted a cohort study, using linked primary care and hospital data in OpenSAFELY to compare risks of hospital admission and death, overall and by specific cause, between people discharged from COVID-19 hospitalisation (February to December 2020) and surviving at least 1 week, and (i) demographically matched controls from the 2019 general population; and (ii) people discharged from influenza hospitalisation in 2017 to 2019. We used Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, smoking status, deprivation, and comorbidities considered potential risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes. We included 24,673 postdischarge COVID-19 patients, 123,362 general population controls, and 16,058 influenza controls, followed for [less than or equal to]315 days. COVID-19 patients had median age of 66 years, 13,733 (56%) were male, and 19,061 (77%) were of white ethnicity. Overall risk of hospitalisation or death (30,968 events) was higher in the COVID-19 group than general population controls (fully adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.22, 2.14 to 2.30, p < 0.001) but slightly lower than the influenza group (aHR 0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, p = 0.004). All-cause mortality (7,439 events) was highest in the COVID-19 group (aHR 4.82, 4.48 to 5.19 versus general population controls [p < 0.001] and 1.74, 1.61 to 1.88 versus influenza controls [p < 0.001]). Risks for cause-specific outcomes were higher in COVID-19 survivors than in general population controls and largely similar or lower in COVID-19 compared with influenza patients. However, COVID-19 patients were more likely than influenza patients to be readmitted or die due to their initial infection or other lower respiratory tract infection (aHR 1.37, 1.22 to 1.54, p < 0.001) and to experience mental health or cognitive-related admission or death (aHR 1.37, 1.02 to 1.84, p = 0.039); in particular, COVID-19 survivors with preexisting dementia had higher risk of dementia hospitalisation or death (age- and sex-adjusted HR 2.47, 1.37 to 4.44, p = 0.002). Limitations of our study were that reasons for hospitalisation or death may have been misclassified in some cases due to inconsistent use of codes, and we did not have data to distinguish COVID-19 variants. Conclusions In this study, we observed that people discharged from a COVID-19 hospital admission had markedly higher risks for rehospitalisation and death than the general population, suggesting a substantial extra burden on healthcare. Most risks were similar to those observed after influenza hospitalisations, but COVID-19 patients had higher risks of all-cause mortality, readmission or death due to the initial infection, and dementia death, highlighting the importance of postdischarge monitoring., Author(s): Krishnan Bhaskaran 1,*, Christopher T. Rentsch 1, George Hickman 2, William J. Hulme 2, Anna Schultze 1, Helen J. Curtis 2, Kevin Wing 1, Charlotte Warren-Gash 1, Laurie Tomlinson [...]

Published
2022
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46. Comparative effectiveness of two- and three-dose COVID-19 vaccination schedules involving AZD1222 and BNT162b2 in people with kidney disease: a linked OpenSAFELY and UK Renal Registry cohort study

Author

Parker, Edward P.K., primary, Horne, Elsie M.F., additional, Hulme, William J., additional, Tazare, John, additional, Zheng, Bang, additional, Carr, Edward J., additional, Loud, Fiona, additional, Lyon, Susan, additional, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Scanlon, Miranda, additional, Santhakumaran, Shalini, additional, Steenkamp, Retha, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Sterne, Jonathan A.C., additional, Nitsch, Dorothea, additional, and Tomlinson, Laurie A., additional

Published
2023
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48. Stopping renin-angiotensin system blockers after acute kidney injury and risk of adverse outcomes: parallel population-based cohort studies in English and Swedish routine care

Author

Bidulka, Patrick, Fu, Edouard L., Leyrat, Clémence, Kalogirou, Fotini, McAllister, Katherine S. L., Kingdon, Edward J., Mansfield, Kathryn E., Iwagami, Masao, Smeeth, Liam, Clase, Catherine M., Bhaskaran, Krishnan, van Diepen, Merel, Carrero, Juan-Jesus, Nitsch, Dorothea, and Tomlinson, Laurie A.

Published
2020
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