19 results on '"Tomich TP"'
Search Results
2. Who should read this journal?
- Author
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Gadgil, A and Tomich, TP
- Subjects
Ecology ,Energy - Published
- 2020
3. Design and Implementation of a Workshop for Evaluation of the Role of Power in Shaping and Solving Challenges in a Smart Foodshed
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Hyder, A, Hyder, A, Blatt, A, Hollander, AD, Hoy, C, Huber, PR, Lange, MC, Quinn, JF, Riggle, CM, Sloan, R, Tomich, TP, Hyder, A, Hyder, A, Blatt, A, Hollander, AD, Hoy, C, Huber, PR, Lange, MC, Quinn, JF, Riggle, CM, Sloan, R, and Tomich, TP
- Abstract
Current studies on data sharing via data commons or shared vocabularies using ontologies mainly focus on developing the infrastructure for data sharing yet little attention has been paid to the role of power in data sharing among food system stakeholders. Stakeholders within food systems have different interpretations of the types and magnitudes of their own and other’s level of power to solve food system challenges. Politically neutral, yet scientifically/socioeconomically accurate power classification systems are yet to be developed, and must be capable of enumerating and characterizing what power means to each stakeholder, existing power dynamics within the food system, as well as alternative forms of power not currently utilized to their full capacity. This study describes the design and implementation of a workshop, which used methods from community-based participatory modeling, to examine the role of power relative to data sharing and equitable health outcomes. Workshop participants co-created several boundary objects that described the power relationships among food system stakeholders and the changes needed to current power relationships. Our results highlight current imbalances in power relationships among food system stakeholders. The information we collected on specific relationships among broad categories of stakeholders highlighted needs for initiatives and activities to increase the types and varieties of power especially across consumers, farmers, and labor stakeholder groups. Furthermore, by utilizing this workshop methodology, food system stakeholders may be able to envision new power relationships and bring about a fundamental re-orienting of current power relationships capable of valorizing food system sustainability/resiliency, especially the health of its workers and consumers.
- Published
- 2022
4. The Great Intergenerational Robbery: A Call for Concerted Action Against Environmental Crises
- Author
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Gadgil, A, Gadgil, A, Tomich, TP, Agrawal, A, Allouche, J, Azevedo, IML, Bakarr, MI, Jannuzzi, GM, Liverman, D, Malhi, Y, Polasky, S, Roy, J, Ürge-Vorsatz, D, Wang, Y, Gadgil, A, Gadgil, A, Tomich, TP, Agrawal, A, Allouche, J, Azevedo, IML, Bakarr, MI, Jannuzzi, GM, Liverman, D, Malhi, Y, Polasky, S, Roy, J, Ürge-Vorsatz, D, and Wang, Y
- Published
- 2022
5. A malleable workflow for identifying the issues and indicators that define and measure sustainability in food systems
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Springer, NP, Springer, NP, Hollander, AD, Huber, PR, Riggle, C, Tomich, TP, Springer, NP, Springer, NP, Hollander, AD, Huber, PR, Riggle, C, and Tomich, TP
- Abstract
A variety of stakeholders are concerned with many issues regarding the sustainability of our complex global food system. Yet navigating and comparing the plethora of issues and indicators across scales, commodities, and regions can be daunting, particularly for different communities of practice with diverse goals, perspectives, and decision-making workflows. This study presents a malleable workflow to help different stakeholder groups identify the issues and indicators that define food system sustainability for their particular use case. By making information used in such workflows semantically-consistent, the output from each unique case can be easily compared and contrasted across domains, contributing to both a deeper and broader understanding of what issues and indicators define a resilient global food system.
- Published
- 2022
6. Food and agricultural innovation pathways for prosperity
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Tomich, TP, Tomich, TP, Lidder, P, Coley, M, Gollin, D, Meinzen-Dick, R, Webb, P, Carberry, P, Tomich, TP, Tomich, TP, Lidder, P, Coley, M, Gollin, D, Meinzen-Dick, R, Webb, P, and Carberry, P
- Abstract
This introduction to the special issue deploys a framework, inspired by realist synthesis and introduced in Section 1, that aims to untangle the contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes associated with investments that link poverty reduction and rural prosperity within a broad agri-food systems perspective. Section 2 considers changes in contexts: Where are agricultural research investments most likely to be an engine of poverty reduction? Over the past 25 years, there have been profound changes in the development context of most countries, necessitating an update on strategic insights for research investment priorities relevant for the economic, political, social, environmental, and structural realities of the early 21st Century. Section 2 briefly surveys changes in these structural aspects of poverty and development processes in low-income countries, with particular attention to new drivers (e.g., urbanization, climate change) that will be of increasing salience in the coming decades. In Section 3, we turn to mechanisms: What are the plausible impact pathways and what evidence exists to test their plausibility? Poor farmers in the developing world are often the stated focus of public sector agricultural research. However, farmers are not the only potential beneficiaries of agricultural research; rural landless laborers, stakeholders along food value chains, and the urban poor can also be major beneficiaries of such research. Thus, there are multiple, interacting pathways through which agricultural research can contribute to reductions in poverty and associated livelihood vulnerabilities. This paper introduces an ex ante set of 18 plausible impact pathways from agricultural research to rural prosperity outcomes, employing bibliometric methods to assess the evidence underpinning causal links. In Section 4, we revisit the concept of desired impacts: When we seek poverty reduction, what does that mean and what measures are needed to demonstrate impact? The papers in this sp
- Published
- 2019
7. Who Should Read This Journal?
- Author
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Gadgil, A, Gadgil, A, Tomich, TP, Gadgil, A, Gadgil, A, and Tomich, TP
- Published
- 2021
8. Toward Smart Foodsheds: Using Stakeholder Engagement to Improve Informatics Frameworks for Regional Food Systems
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Hollander, AD, Hollander, AD, Hoy, C, Huber, PR, Hyder, A, Lange, MC, Latham, A, Quinn, JF, Riggle, CM, Tomich, TP, Hollander, AD, Hollander, AD, Hoy, C, Huber, PR, Hyder, A, Lange, MC, Latham, A, Quinn, JF, Riggle, CM, and Tomich, TP
- Abstract
A foodshed is a concept analogous to a watershed, describing the catchment of the sources of food for a region. As such, it portrays linkages ranging from local communities out to the global food system. Inefficiencies exist at all stages of the food supply chain, resulting in the challenges of inequitable access to healthy and safe food. Many of these inefficiencies are informational; for instance, food being wasted that could be donated to food banks were there communication of the need. These informational inefficiencies can be ameliorated by a stronger semantic characterization of the links between actors and resources in the food system, allowing for the development of smarter software technologies to facilitate interconnections. We discuss an iterative process to improve informatics frameworks for the foodshed by engaging with regional stakeholders to identify important issues and information needs. Key Words: food systems, ontologies, semantic web, smart foodsheds, stakeholder engagement.
- Published
- 2020
9. Reconciling Conflict and Cooperation in Environmental Governance: A Social Network Perspective
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Gadgil, A, Tomich, TP, Bodin, O, Garcia, MM, Robins, G, Gadgil, A, Tomich, TP, Bodin, O, Garcia, MM, and Robins, G
- Abstract
Most if not all environmental problems entail conflicts of interest. Yet, different actors and opposing coalitions often but certainly not always cooperate in solving these problems. Hence, processes of conflict and cooperation often work in tandem, albeit much of the scholarly literature tends to focus on either of these phenomena in isolation. Social network analysis (SNA) provides opportunities to study cooperation and conflict together. In this review, we demonstrate how SNA has increased our understanding of the promises and pitfalls of collaborative approaches in addressing environmental problems. The potential of SNA to investigate conflicts in environmental governance, however, remains largely underutilized. Furthermore, a network perspective is not restricted to the social domain. A multilevel social-ecological network perspective facilitates integration of social and environmental sciences in understanding how different patterns of resource access can trigger both cooperation and conflict.
- Published
- 2020
10. Food Loss and Waste: Measurement, Drivers, and Solutions
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Spang, ES, Spang, ES, Moreno, LC, Pace, SA, Achmon, Y, Donis-Gonzalez, I, Gosliner, WA, Jablonski-Sheffield, MP, Abdul Momin, M, Quested, TE, Winans, KS, Tomich, TP, Spang, ES, Spang, ES, Moreno, LC, Pace, SA, Achmon, Y, Donis-Gonzalez, I, Gosliner, WA, Jablonski-Sheffield, MP, Abdul Momin, M, Quested, TE, Winans, KS, and Tomich, TP
- Abstract
It has been estimated that one-third of global food is lost or wasted, entailing significant environmental, economic, and social costs. The scale and impact of food loss and waste (FLW) has attracted significant interest across sectors, leading to a relatively recent proliferation of publications. This article synthesizes existing knowledge in the literature with a focus on FLW measurement, drivers, and solutions. We apply the widely adopted DPSIR (Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response) framework to structure the review. Key takeaways include the following: Existing definitions of FLW are inconsistent and incomplete, significant data gaps remain (by food type, stage of supply chain, and region, especially for developing countries), FLW solutions focus more on proximate causes rather than larger systemic drivers, and effective responses to FLW will require complementary approaches and robust evaluation.
- Published
- 2019
11. Indicators of global sustainable sourcing as a set covering problem: an integrated approach to sustainability
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Huber, PR, Huber, PR, Springer, NP, Hollander, AD, Haden, VR, Brodt, S, Tomich, TP, Quinn, JF, Huber, PR, Huber, PR, Springer, NP, Hollander, AD, Haden, VR, Brodt, S, Tomich, TP, and Quinn, JF
- Abstract
Sustainability describes a broad set of themes centered on current human uses of the planet’s resources. The multiple uses and users of the term have led to a proliferation of salient issues and associated indicators. We present a new method to systematically link these issues and indicators under two conceptual frameworks of sustainability in order to enable quantitative analyses. We demonstrate this approach with a specific use case focused on the global sourcing of agricultural products. We use the optimization software Marxan in a novel way to develop minimum sets of indicators that provide maximum coverage of sustainability issues. Minimum covering sets were identified and accumulation curves were developed to measure the contribution of each indicator in each set to overall issues coverage. While greater detail in the assessment of each indicator would likely provide more effective sets of indicators, those that were generated provide optimism that this approach can bring better focus to sustainability assessments.
- Published
- 2015
12. The economics of 1.5 degrees C climate change
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Dietz, S, Bowen, A, Doda, B, Gambhir, A, Warren, R, Gadgil, A, and Tomich, TP
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RISK ,carbon price ,Science & Technology ,Energy ,FOSSIL-FUEL ,Ecology ,cost-benefit analysis ,Environmental Studies ,Environmental Sciences & Ecology ,UNCERTAINTY ,Paris Agreement ,MITIGATION ,1.5 degrees C target ,POLICY ,deep decarbonization ,climate change ,1.5 DEGREES-C ,MD Multidisciplinary ,SOCIAL COST ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,TEMPERATURE ,Environmental Sciences ,EMISSIONS - Abstract
The economic case for limiting warming to 1.5°C is unclear, due to manifold uncertainties. However, it cannot be ruled out that the 1.5°C target passes a cost-benefit test. Costs are almost certainly high: The median global carbon price in 1.5°C scenarios implemented by various energy models is more than US$100 per metric ton of CO2 in 2020, for example. Benefits estimates range from much lower than this to much higher. Some of these uncertainties may reduce in the future, raising the question of how to hedge in the near term. Maintaining an option on limiting warming to 1.5°C means targeting it now. Setting off with higher emissions will make 1.5°C unattainable quickly without recourse to expensive large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR), or solar radiation management (SRM), which can be cheap but poses ambiguous risks society seems unwilling to take. Carbon pricing could reduce mitigation costs substantially compared with ramping up the current patchwork of regulatory instruments. Nonetheless, a mix of policies is justified and technology-specific approaches may be required. It is particularly important to step up mitigation finance to developing countries, where emissions abatement is relatively cheap.
- Published
- 2018
13. A world of co-benefits: Solving the global nitrogen challenge.
- Author
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Houlton BZ, Almaraz M, Aneja V, Austin AT, Bai E, Cassman KG, Compton JE, Davidson EA, Erisman JW, Galloway JN, Gu B, Yao G, Martinelli LA, Scow K, Schlesinger WH, Tomich TP, Wang C, and Zhang X
- Abstract
Nitrogen is a critical component of the economy, food security, and planetary health. Many of the world's sustainability targets hinge on global nitrogen solutions, which, in turn, contribute lasting benefits for: (i) world hunger; (ii) soil, air and water quality; (iii) climate change mitigation; and (iv) biodiversity conservation. Balancing the projected rise in agricultural nitrogen demands while achieving these 21
st century ideals will require policies to coordinate solutions among technologies, consumer choice, and socioeconomic transformation.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The century experiment: the first twenty years of UC Davis' Mediterranean agroecological experiment.
- Author
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Wolf KM, Torbert EE, Bryant D, Burger M, Denison RF, Herrera I, Hopmans J, Horwath W, Kaffka S, Kong AYY, Norris RF, Six J, Tomich TP, and Scow KM
- Abstract
The Century Experiment at the Russell Ranch Sustainable Agriculture Facility at the University of California, Davis provides long-term agroecological data from row crop systems in California's Central Valley starting in 1993. The Century Experiment was initially designed to study the effects of a gradient of water and nitrogen availability on soil properties and crop performance in ten different cropping systems to measure tradeoffs and synergies between agricultural productivity and sustainability. Currently systems include 11 different cropping systems-consisting of four different crops and a cover crop mixture-and one native grass system. This paper describes the long-term core data from the Century Experiment from 1993-2014, including crop yields and biomass, crop elemental contents, aerial-photo-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data, soil properties, weather, chemical constituents in irrigation water, winter weed populations, and operational data including fertilizer and pesticide application amounts and dates, planting dates, planting quantity and crop variety, and harvest dates. This data set represents the only known long-term set of data characterizing food production and sustainability in irrigated and rainfed Mediterranean annual cropping systems. There are no copyright restrictions associated with the use of this dataset., (© 2018 by the Ecological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Boundary work for sustainable development: Natural resource management at the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).
- Author
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Clark WC, Tomich TP, van Noordwijk M, Guston D, Catacutan D, Dickson NM, and McNie E
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- Decision Making, Humans, Negotiating, Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Natural Resources, Research
- Abstract
Previous research on the determinants of effectiveness in knowledge systems seeking to support sustainable development has highlighted the importance of "boundary work" through which research communities organize their relations with new science, other sources of knowledge, and the worlds of action and policymaking. A growing body of scholarship postulates specific attributes of boundary work that promote used and useful research. These propositions, however, are largely based on the experience of a few industrialized countries. We report here on an effort to evaluate their relevance for efforts to harness science in support of sustainability in the developing world. We carried out a multicountry comparative analysis of natural resource management programs conducted under the auspices of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. We discovered six distinctive kinds of boundary work contributing to the successes of those programs-a greater variety than has been documented in previous studies. We argue that these different kinds of boundary work can be understood as a dual response to the different uses for which the results of specific research programs are intended, and the different sources of knowledge drawn on by those programs. We show that these distinctive kinds of boundary work require distinctive strategies to organize them effectively. Especially important are arrangements regarding participation of stakeholders, accountability in governance, and the use of "boundary objects." We conclude that improving the ability of research programs to produce useful knowledge for sustainable development will require both greater and differentiated support for multiple forms of boundary work.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Sustainable Sourcing of Global Agricultural Raw Materials: Assessing Gaps in Key Impact and Vulnerability Issues and Indicators.
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Springer NP, Garbach K, Guillozet K, Haden VR, Hedao P, Hollander AD, Huber PR, Ingersoll C, Langner M, Lipari G, Mohammadi Y, Musker R, Piatto M, Riggle C, Schweisguth M, Sin E, Snider S, Vidic N, White A, Brodt S, Quinn JF, and Tomich TP
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Humans, International Cooperation, Conservation of Natural Resources
- Abstract
Understanding how to source agricultural raw materials sustainably is challenging in today's globalized food system given the variety of issues to be considered and the multitude of suggested indicators for representing these issues. Furthermore, stakeholders in the global food system both impact these issues and are themselves vulnerable to these issues, an important duality that is often implied but not explicitly described. The attention given to these issues and conceptual frameworks varies greatly--depending largely on the stakeholder perspective--as does the set of indicators developed to measure them. To better structure these complex relationships and assess any gaps, we collate a comprehensive list of sustainability issues and a database of sustainability indicators to represent them. To assure a breadth of inclusion, the issues are pulled from the following three perspectives: major global sustainability assessments, sustainability communications from global food companies, and conceptual frameworks of sustainable livelihoods from academic publications. These terms are integrated across perspectives using a common vocabulary, classified by their relevance to impacts and vulnerabilities, and categorized into groups by economic, environmental, physical, human, social, and political characteristics. These issues are then associated with over 2,000 sustainability indicators gathered from existing sources. A gap analysis is then performed to determine if particular issues and issue groups are over or underrepresented. This process results in 44 "integrated" issues--24 impact issues and 36 vulnerability issues--that are composed of 318 "component" issues. The gap analysis shows that although every integrated issue is mentioned at least 40% of the time across perspectives, no issue is mentioned more than 70% of the time. A few issues infrequently mentioned across perspectives also have relatively few indicators available to fully represent them. Issues in the impact framework generally have fewer gaps than those in the vulnerability framework.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Agriculture's Contribution to Nitrate Contamination of Californian Groundwater (1945-2005).
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Rosenstock TS, Liptzin D, Dzurella K, Fryjoff-Hung A, Hollander A, Jensen V, King A, Kourakos G, McNally A, Pettygrove GS, Quinn J, Viers JH, Tomich TP, and Harter T
- Abstract
Nitrogen (N) use in intensive agriculture can degrade groundwater resources. However, considerable time lags between groundwater recharge and extraction complicate source attribution and remedial responses. We construct a historic N mass balance of two agricultural regions of California to understand trends and drivers of past and present N loading to groundwater (1945-2005). Changes in groundwater N loading result from historic changes in three factors: the extent of agriculture (cropland area and livestock herd increased 120 and 800%, respectively), the intensity of agriculture (synthetic and manure waste effluent N input rates increased by 525 and 1500%, respectively), and the efficiency of agriculture (crop and milk production per unit of N input increased by 25 and 19%, respectively). The net consequence has been a greater-than-order-of-magnitude increase in nitrate (NO) loading over the time period, with 163 Gg N yr now being leached to groundwater from approximately 1.3 million ha of farmland (not including alfalfa [ L.]). Meeting safe drinking water standards would require NO leaching reductions of over 70% from current levels through reductions in excess manure applications, which accounts for nearly half of all groundwater N loading, and through synthetic N management improvements. This represents a broad challenge given current economic and technical conditions of California farming if farm productivity is to be maintained. The findings illustrate the growing tension-characteristic of agricultural regions globally-between intensifying food, feed, fiber, and biofuel production and preserving clean water., (Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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18. Effective monitoring of agriculture: a response.
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Sachs JD, Remans R, Smukler SM, Winowiecki L, Andelman SJ, Cassman KG, Castle D, DeFries R, Denning G, Fanzo J, Jackson LE, Leemans R, Lehmann J, Milder JC, Naeem S, Nziguheba G, Palm CA, Pingali PL, Reganold JP, Richter DD, Scherr SJ, Sircely J, Sullivan C, Tomich TP, and Sanchez PA
- Subjects
- Agriculture statistics & numerical data, Environmental Monitoring methods
- Abstract
The development of effective agricultural monitoring networks is essential to track, anticipate and manage changes in the social, economic and environmental aspects of agriculture. We welcome the perspective of Lindenmayer and Likens (J. Environ. Monit., 2011, 13, 1559) as published in the Journal of Environmental Monitoring on our earlier paper, "Monitoring the World's Agriculture" (Sachs et al., Nature, 2010, 466, 558-560). In this response, we address their three main critiques labeled as 'the passive approach', 'the problem with uniform metrics' and 'the problem with composite metrics'. We expand on specific research questions at the core of the network design, on the distinction between key universal and site-specific metrics to detect change over time and across scales, and on the need for composite metrics in decision-making. We believe that simultaneously measuring indicators of the three pillars of sustainability (environmentally sound, social responsible and economically viable) in an effectively integrated monitoring system will ultimately allow scientists and land managers alike to find solutions to the most pressing problems facing global food security., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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19. Monitoring the world's agriculture.
- Author
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Sachs J, Remans R, Smukler S, Winowiecki L, Andelman SJ, Cassman KG, Castle D, DeFries R, Denning G, Fanzo J, Jackson LE, Leemans R, Lehmann J, Milder JC, Naeem S, Nziguheba G, Palm CA, Pingali PL, Reganold JP, Richter DD, Scherr SJ, Sircely J, Sullivan C, Tomich TP, and Sanchez PA
- Subjects
- Agriculture trends, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Food Supply, Information Dissemination, International Cooperation, Agriculture methods, Conservation of Natural Resources trends, Data Collection, Environment
- Abstract
To feed the world without further damaging the planet, Jeffrey Sachs and 24 foodsystem experts call for a global data collection and dissemination network to track the myriad impacts of different farming practices.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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