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Cilj istraživanja: Usporediti parodontno zdravlje, oralno higijenske navike i kvalitetu života povezanu s oralnim zdravljem studenata prve i pete godine dentalne medicine Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Splitu. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je presječno istraživanje. U istraživanje je uključeno ukupno 57 ispitanika; 29 studenata prve godine (medijan dobi 19 (IQR 19-19) i 28 studenata pete godine (medijan dobi 23 (IQR 23,25-23). Za sve ispitanike zabilježeni su anamnestički parodontološki podatci i oralno higijenske navike. Kvaliteta života povezana s oralnim zdravljem procijenjena je pomoću Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) upitnika. Svim ispitanicima napravljen je detaljan klinički pregled te su određeni klinički parodontni indeksi. Rezultati: Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da su studenti prve godine dentalne medicine imali bolje parodontno zdravlje u odnosu na studente pete godine gdje su postavljene dijagnoze gingivitisa i parodontitisa (blagi, lokalizirani oblik, PPD do 4 mm) (P, Objectives: To compare periodontal health, oral hygiene habits and quality of life related to oral health of first and fifth year students of dental medicine at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Split. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 57 respondents were included in the study; 29 first-year students (median age 19 (IQR 19-19) and 28 fifth-year students (median age 23 (IQR 23: 25-23)). For all subjects, anamnestic periodontal data and oral hygiene habits were recorded. Quality of life related to oral health was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire. All subjects underwent a detailed clinical examination and clinical periodontal indices were determined. Results. The results of this study showed that first-year dental students had better periodontal health compared to fifth-year students diagnosed with gingivitis and periodontitis (mild, localized form, PPD up to 4 mm) (P

Purpose: To evaluate the role of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as an add-on treatment for the primary open- angle glaucoma (POAG) and secondary pseudoexfoliative (PXFG) and pigmentary glaucoma (PG) in patients who were not controlled on maximum medical therapy Methods: A retrospective review of 39 glaucoma patients treated by SLT for insufficient intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Patients received SLT in a standard protocol. Data were recorded on the 0th day, the 1st day, and the 1st month after SLT. Success was defined as an IOP reduction of ≥ 20% at 1st month without the need for further medication, laser, or surgery. Results were were analyzed using Statistica software version 14.0. Results: Before SLT, the mean of IOP in was 23.54 ± 4.83 mmHg, and the median of glaucoma medications was 4 (2- 4). 1st month after SLT, a mean IOP significantly decreased to 19.64 ± 5.02 mmHg (p < 0.001). Out of 39 eyes, at 1st-month post-SLT, 19 (48.7%) eyes had at least a 20% reduction in IOP. The median and percentage of IOP reduction in all treated eyes were 3.5 (0-12) mmHg and 17.2 (0-40) %. The best IOP reduction effect was found in eyes with POAG (5 mmHg, 21.9%), and the slightest in PXFG (3 mmHg, 11.3%). Conclusion: SLT as an add-on treatment significantly reduces IOP and the number of local medications in different types of glaucoma. IOP reduction by SLT is the biggest in patients with POAG and the lowest in PXFG, although they have the greatest reduction in pressure immediately after the intervention.

Background: The eating habits of Generation Z have changed a lot compared to other Generations. It is presumed that influencers significantly influence the choice of diet among Generation Z. This study aimed to investigate Generation Z's opinion about social networks and the influence of communication channels, mostly influencers, on the choice of diet. Subjects and Methods: This study included 178 participants born between 1997-2010. It was conducted using the Google forms questionnaire program. Participants were initially asked demographic questions such as age, gender, and physical activity. These were followed by questions about their eating habits, social networks, and influencers. After the survey, the results were analyzed using TIBCO Statistica TM 14. 0. 0. Results: Out of 178 participants, 59% were female, and 41% were male. Most respondents (60.6%) declared that they eat healthily, and among several options to choose from, most respondents chose options related to a healthy diet. Respondents who care about healthy food often seek information from influencers on social networks. Respondents who declared that they eat healthy most often believe that influencers are a credible source of information (p=O.019) and follow influencers for motivation (p=0.022) and for the information they share (p=0.009). Respondents who declared that they pay attention to calorie intake more often believe that influencers are a credible source of information (p=0.011). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that influencers greatly influence the eating habits of Generation Z and that they are aware of healthy eating habits. Also, those who take care of healthy eating, follow influencers.

Introduction: Existing data about potential salivary changes in pediatric patients with eating disorders (ED) are scarce. The purpose of present study was to assess differences between pediatric patients with ED and control group in the amount of saliva and the concentration of total amylase and electrolytes in saliva. Study also aimed to evaluate the correlation between saliva changes and nutritional status. Materials and methods: 101 participants (14.3 ±2.0 years) were included: ED subgroups included 50 participants, while control group included 51 participants. Obtained data were statistically processed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square and Spearman rank correlation test (α=0.05). Results: Significant differences of salivary volume between groups were not determined. A significant difference of the salivary volume secreted in the 5th and 15th minute was determined between the anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa subgroups. Examined anthropometric parameters were marginally or significantly positively associated with salivary volume at 5th and 15th minute, with a more significant correlation of the same at 15th than at 5th minute. In patients with ED were higher concentration of inorganic phosphates in saliva while the concentrations of other electrolytes and total amylase in saliva did not differ significantly. Nutritional status can affect salivation. Conclusion: A differences in salivary volumes in pediatric patients with different ED disorders are expected. Variations in salivary electrolytes in pediatric patients with ED are possible.

Numerous oral changes develop as a result of dysfunctional eating behavior in patients with eating disorders (ED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation among oral manifestations, age, disease duration and nutritional status in pediatric patients with ED. The study included 50 female ED patients, median age 14 (range 10-18) years and median disease duration 9 (range 1-42) months. Nutritional status was expressed as z-score for body mass index (BMI). Mean BMI z-score was -2.10±1.64. The most commonly observed oral findings were dental plaque, marginal gingivitis, morsicatio, dental calculus, caries, pharyngeal erythema, exfoliative cheilitis and angular cheilitis. Dental plaque and pharyngeal erythema were correlated with shorter disease duration (p=0.048; p=0.040), while frictional keratosis of tongue was correlated with longer disease duration (0.011). Linea alba and pain in the temporomandibular joint were associated with younger age (p=0.012; p=0.024), and tooth impression on tongue with lower degree of nutrition (p=0.030). This study showed that there was a link among oral manifestations, age, disease duration and degree of nutritional disorder, although further investigations comparing the groups of ED patients with different age, disease duration and nutritional status would give better, concrete and precise conclusions., Poremećen odnos prema jelu u sklopu poremećaja u jedenju rezultira brojnim promjenama u usnoj šupljini. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi postoji li korelacija između pojavnosti promjena u usnoj šupljini, dobi, duljine trajanja poremećaja te stupnja uhranjenosti u pedijatrijskih bolesnika s poremećajima u jedenju. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 50 bolesnica s poremećajem u jedenju prosječne dobi od 14 (raspon 10-18) godina i prosječnog trajanja bolesti od 9 (raspon 1-14) mjeseci. Stupanj uhranjenosti izražen je standardnom devijacijom indeksa tjelesne mase (ITM z-vrijednost). Srednja ITM z-vrijednost bila je -2,10±1,64. Najčešće promjene u usnoj šupljini bile su zubni plak, marginalni gingivitis, morsikacije, kamenac, karijes, eritem farinksa, eksfolijativni heilitis i angularni heilitis. Zubni plak i eritem farinksa bili su povezani s kraćim trajanjem poremećaja (p=0,048; p=0,040), a frikcijska keratoza jezika s duljim trajanjem poremećaja (0,011). Linea alba i bolovi u temporomandibularnom zglobu su bili povezani s mlađom dobi (p=0,012; p=0,024), a impresije zubi na jeziku s nižim stupnjem uhranjenosti (p=0,030). Ovo istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji povezanost između promjena u usnoj šupljini, dobi, trajanja poremećaja i stupnja uhranjenosti, no daljnja istraživanja koja će uspoređivati skupine bolesnika različite dobi, trajanja bolesti i različitog stupnja uhranjenosti dat će bolje, konkretnije i preciznije zaključke.

N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is known to influence the antibody function. Changes in IgG N-glycome associate with many inflammatory conditions and were reported in early stages of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). IgG N- glycosylation was also studied in relation to disease progression in type 2 DM and was found to associate with diabetes complications. Although type 1 and type 2 DM share complications, these findings may not apply to type 1 DM due to different pathophysiology involved and a longer disease duration prior to complication manifestation.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of switching the preserved prostaglandin analog-timolol fixed combinations (PG-timolol FCs) to preservative-free latanoprost-timolol FC [T2347 (Fixalpost®) Laboratories Théa, Clermont Ferrand, France] on intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy and the local drug tolerability in glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OH) patients, with concurrent ocular surface disease (OSD). Methods: Longitudinal, prospective, interventional study of drug tolerability and efficacy – a real life study. The data from 36 patients, mean age 67.14 ± 7.78 years, were collected and analyzed between March 2021 and September 2021. Patients were switched from preserved latanoprost, travoprost, or bimatoprost with timolol FCs to preservative-free latanoprost timolol FC (PF-LT) on the baseline visit. Patients were examined on days 1, 30, and 90. At each visit all the participants underwent Goldman applanation tonometry, assessment of the extent and severity of OSD symptoms by using Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) Questionnaire, assessment of conjunctival hyperemia by using the McMonnies-Chapman-Davies scale, assessment of the blepharitis by using the Efron’s scale, and the eyelids and periocular hyperemia assessment. Registers: Primary ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04891588, Secondary DRKS - German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS-ID: DRKS00024581. Results: Significant reduction in overall median IOP has been shown on the second visit (day 30), which remained stable to the third visit (day 90) (16 vs. 14 vs. 14 mmHg, p < 0.001). Also, significant improvements were demonstrated in OSD symptoms (median OSDI score 27.1 vs. 9.6 vs. 4.2, p < 0.001) and signs, conjunctival hyperemia (2 vs. 1 vs. 1, p < 0.001), blepharitis (2 vs.1 vs. 1, p < 0.001), and eyelid and periocular hyperemia (61.1 vs. 12.5 vs. 2.8 %, p < 0.001), form baseline to the second and the third visits. Conclusion: Switching from preserved PG-timolol FCs to PF-LT (Fixalpost®) significantly reduced symptoms and signs of OSD, improved ocular drug tolerability, and consequently quality of life with effective reduction of intraocular pressure

N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is known to influence the antibody function. Changes in IgG N- glycome associate with many inflammatory conditions and were reported in early stages of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). IgG N- glycosylation was also studied in relation to disease progression in type 2 DM and was found to associate with diabetes complications. Although type 1 and type 2 DM share complications, these findings may not apply to type 1 DM due to different pathophysiology involved and a longer disease duration prior to complication manifestation. In this study we investigated IgG N- glycosylation of 190 patients (age 18-70, median 46, 81 M, 109 F) with type 1 complications. Complications included: hypertension, albuminuria and retinopathy. Patients were differentiated by the levels of complications but were all in later stages of disease progression. N-linked glycans from IgG were released, fluorescently labelled and analysed using HILIC-UPLC. Twenty-four glycan structures were identified and relatively quantified. In addition, nine derived traits, corresponding to different structural characteristics of glycans were calculated. Data was analysed using multiple linear regression with age and sex as covariates. Glycan traits were log transformed prior to analysis. We observed no statistically significant changes of IgG N- glycosylation with respect to type of complication or severity level. Previously reported changes with respect to age, sex and lifestyle aspects, e.g., smoking were replicated in this study, confirming their influence on the glycome. IgG N- glycosylation changes previously reported as connected to the severity of complications in type 2 DM were not replicated for type 1 DM patients in our study. This can be explained by the fact that pathophysiological changes leading to type 1 DM and influencing the N- glycome occur much earlier in life and are not further influenced by disease progression and development of complications in the adult age. Absence of differences with respect to type of complications may also be due to fact that they share some common pathophysiological processes which prevent their distinction based on IgG N- glycosylation profile.

This was a cross-sectional study including 107 type 2 diabetic patients (67 male/40 female, mean age 66.74 ± 8.01 years, mean diabetes duration 15.05 ± 5.69 years). Metabolic risk factors: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were determined using routine laboratory methods. Renal function was etermined using albumin/creatinine (A/C) ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using the CKD-EPI formula. Lens opacity was graded according to the Lens Opacity Classification System version III (LOCSIII). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 - patients with clear crystalline lens (n=16), group 2 - patients with initial cataract (n=74), and group 3 - patients with immature cataract (n=17). Group 3 had significantly longer diabetes duration (17.12 ± 6.38 years vs. 10.81 ± 4.09 years ; p

PURPOSE. To assess the role of homocysteine in development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and determine the parameters important in the prediction of homocysteine. METHODS. This cross-sectional study included 94 type 2 diabetic patients (39M/55F) with median age 60 years and median diabetes duration 10 years. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (fBG), fasting C-peptide, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG)and uric acid (UA) were determined using routine laboratory methods. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using CKD-EPI formula. Homocysteine (HCY) in EDTA plasma, serum 25- hydroxy-vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folate were determined by CMIA method. Anthropometric parameters assessed waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Ophthalmologic examination included fundus photography according to the EURODIAB methodology and optical coherence tomography of the macula. Patients with PDR and DME were not included in the study. RESULTS. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (no retinopathy ; n=69) and group 2 (NPDR ; n=25). The groups did not differ in age, gender, WC, WHR, fBG, C-peptide, HDL, LDL, TG, UA, folate and vitamin D. Group 2 had longer diabetes duration (p

PURPOSE. Aim of this study was to evaluate thickness of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer GCL/IPL) in patients without diabetic retinopathy and mild diabetic retinopathy, which are markers of retinal neurodegeneration, in type 2 diabetic patients using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS. This was a cross-sectional study including 50 eyes of 25 type 2 diabetic patients (15M/10F) with median age 64 year and median diabetes duration 13 years. Type 2 diabetes was defined according to the ADA classification, and hypertension according to the ESC/ESH classification. Ophthalmologic examination included binocular indirect slit lamp fundoscopy and color fundus photography of two fields (macular field, disc/nasal field) of both eyes according to the EURODIAB retinal photography methodology and optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) with evaluation of optic nerve head (ONH) parameters, thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) macular thickness parameters, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCL/IPL). Patients with proliferative DR and diabetic macular edema were not included in the study. RESULTS. 50 eyes of 25 patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (no retinopathy ; n=16) and group 2 (nonproliferative DR ; n=34). There was no difference in age between groups. In group 2, there were more men compared to women than in group 1 (87.5% vs. 47.1%, p=0.016) Group 2 had longer diabetes duration (p=0.042), marginally more often hypertension (p=0.058) and significantly lower GCL (p=0.027) than group 1. No difference in RNFL was observed between groups. GCL was positively associated with RNFL (p

Hematološke bolesti imaju različita očitovanja na sluznici usne šupljine i mogu biti prvi znak neoplastične bolesti u podlozi. Ponekad se nakon postavljene dijagnoze hematološke bolesti i tijekom njenog liječenja razviju komplikacije u usnoj šupljini. Svakom hematološkom bolesniku je potrebno pristupiti s oprezom i odluku o daljnjem stomatološkom liječenju treba donijeti temeljem anamneze, kliničkog oralnog pregleda i konzultacije sa specijalistom hematologom. Suradnja doktora dentalne medicine/specijalista oralne medicine i specijalista hematologa je važna kako bi se sva stanja i lezije na sluznici usne šupljine pravovremeno prepoznale i liječile, te time spriječile ozbiljne i potencijalno smrtonosne komplikacije na sistemno zdravlje imunokompromitiranog bolesnika.