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1. The Diversity of Arachnid Assemblages on the Endemic Tree Zelkova abelicea (Ulmaceae): An Evaluation of Fragmentation and Connectivity in Crete (Greece)

Author: Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz, Laurence Fazan, Giulio Gardini, Dany Ghosn, Sławomir Kaczmarek, Alireza Nemati, Ilektra Remoundou, Tomasz Rutkowski, Piotr Skubała, Bogna Zawieja, and Gregor Kozlowski
Subjects: Acari, Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones, biodiversity, ecology of arthropods, zoogeography, Science
Abstract: Zelkova abelicea is an endemic tree growing only on eight mountain stands on the Greek island of Crete. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of the assemblages and analyze the diversity of the arachnid assemblages living on Zelkova abelicea, an endemic tree species in Crete. Material for the analyses was collected from tree trunks, oftentimes covered by bryophytes or lichens. In the examined material, 85 taxa were recorded. The most numerous groups represented in the analyzed material were Acari, including representatives of the orders Mesostigmata (78 ind. of 18 spp.) and Oribatida (1056 ind. of 51 spp.). In the order Mesostigmata the species represented by the highest numbers of specimens were Onchodellus karawaiewi (15 individuals) and Hypoaspisella sp. (13), which is probably a species new to science. In turn, representatives of the order Oribatida were much more numerous, with Zygoribatula exilis (284) and Eremaeus tuberosus (210) being identified in the largest numbers. Among the eight sampled localities, Gerakari (646 ind. and 50 spp.) and Omalos (409 ind. and 43 spp., respectively) had by far the richest assemblages. Statistical analyses confirmed the highly diverse character of the arachnid assemblages at the individual sites, which is a consequence not only of the varied numbers of arachnids found, but also of the presence of very rare species, such as Androlaelaps shealsi, Cosmolaelaps lutegiensis or Hoploseius oblongus. These results highlight the high species diversity of the arachnids found on Z. abelicea but also suggest the lack of connectivity between the isolated and fragmented forest stands on Crete.
Published: 2024
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2. The Role of Ultrasound-Based Monitoring of Bladder Volume in Patients with Prostate Cancer during CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Author: Dawid Bodusz, Joanna Brajczewska-Bello, Tomasz Rutkowski, Zofia Kołosza, Alexander Jorge Cortez, Magdalena Szymala-Cortez, Wojciech Leszczyński, and Jerzy Wydmański
Subjects: CyberKnife, prostate cancer radiotherapy, ultrasound, bladder volume, radiation injury, bladder filling, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: (1) Background: For patients irradiated due to prostate cancer, monitoring of bladder volume (BV) is crucial for accuracy of radiation delivery and minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Due to the limited imaging capabilities of the CyberKnife system, ultrasound imaging plays a vital role in the monitoring of bladder filling. (2) Methods: A study was carried out in 142 prostate cancer patients treated with the CyberKnife system. Bladder ultrasound (US) was performed before each RTH session to assess real BV (rBV). The double US assessment of rBV was performed by two independent operators or a single operator during 177 and 495 RTH sessions, respectively, giving, in total, 1344 BV assessments. (3) Results: The mean BV in the first and second US assessment was 214.7 mL and 218.1 mL, respectively, while the mean planning bladder volume (pBV) was 340.8 mL. A pBV was significantly higher than an rBV. The mean difference between the US and CT assessment of BV was the smallest in the 100–349 mL group and the largest in the group above 349 mL. The Passing–Bablok regression results confirmed the reliability of the ultrasound (US) measurements. (4) Conclusions: The introduction of US-based BV assessment in patients irradiated due to prostate cancer using CyberKnife seems to be a crucial element in controlling the reproducibility of the treatment plan and should be a standard procedure. The pBV should be within the range of 200–300 mL. The US examination prior to CT scanning for planning is recommended to ensure the optimal range of BV for CT.
Published: 2024
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3. Sacubitril/valsartan for cardioprotection in breast cancer (MAINSTREAM): design and rationale of the randomized trial

Author: Mateusz Tajstra, Maciej Dyrbuś, Tomasz Rutkowski, Krzysztof Składowski, Barbara Sosnowska‐Pasiarska, Stanisław Góźdź, Barbara Radecka, Marek Staszewski, Aleksandra Majsnerowska, Krzysztof Myrda, Alicja Nowowiejska‐Wiewióra, Ilona Skoczylas, Igor Rymkiewicz, Tomasz Niklewski, Jolanta Nowak, Piotr Przybyłowski, Mariusz Gąsior, and Michał Jarząb
Subjects: Breast cancer, Cardio‐oncology, Cardiotoxicity, Heart failure, Randomized trial, Sacubitril/valsartan, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Abstract Aims In recent years, survival in patients with breast cancer has increased. Despite the improvement in outcomes of those patients, the risk of treatment‐related cardiotoxicity remains high, and its presence has been associated with a higher risk of treatment termination and thus lower therapeutic efficacy. Prior trials demonstrated that a preventive initiation of heart failure drugs, including the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors, might reduce the risk of treatment‐related cardiotoxicity. However, to date, no study investigated the efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan, a novel antineurohormonal drug shown to be superior to the previous therapies, in the prevention of cardiotoxicity in patients with early‐stage breast cancer, which is the aim of the trial. Methods and results MAINSTREAM is a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, multicentre, clinical trial. After the run‐in period, a total of 480 patients with early breast cancer undergoing treatment with anthracyclines and/or anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 drugs will be randomized to the highest tolerated dose of sacubitril/valsartan, being preferably 97/103 mg twice daily or placebo in 1:1 ratio. The patients will be monitored, including routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and laboratory biomarker monitoring, for 24 months. The primary endpoint of the trial will be the occurrence of a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction by ≥5% in TTE within 24 months. The key secondary endpoints will be the composite endpoint of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure, as well as other imaging, laboratory, and clinical outcomes, including the occurrence of the cancer therapy‐related cardiac dysfunction resulting in the necessity to initiate treatment. The first patients are expected to be recruited in the coming months, and the estimated completion of the study and publication of the results are expected in December 2027, pending recruitment. Conclusions The MAINSTREAM trial will determine the efficacy and safety of treatment with sacubitril/valsartan as a prevention of cardiotoxicity in patients with early breast cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT05465031).
Published: 2023
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4. Dermoscopy of acute radiation-induced dermatitis in patients with head and neck cancers treated with radiotherapy

Author: Aleksandra Pilśniak, Anastazja Szlauer-Stefańska, Andrzej Tukiendorf, Tomasz Rutkowski, Krzysztof Składowski, and Grażyna Kamińska-Winciorek
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Head and neck cancer (HNC) was the seventh most common cancer in the world in 2018. Treatment of a patient may include surgery, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these methods. Ionizing radiation used during RT covers relatively large volumes of healthy tissue surrounding the tumor. The acute form of radiation-induced dermatitis (ARD) are skin lesions that appear usually within 90 days of the start of RT. This is a prospective study which compares 2244 dermoscopy images and 374 clinical photographs of irradiated skin and healthy skin of 26 patients at on average 15 time points. Dermoscopy pictures were evaluated independently by 2 blinded physicians. Vessels in reticular distribution, white, yellow or brown scale in a patchy distribution, perifollicular pigmentation and follicular plugs arranged in rosettes were most often observed. For these dermoscopic features, agreement with macroscopic features was observed. Two independent predictors of severe acute toxicity were identified: gender and concurrent chemotherapy. Knowledge of dermoscopic features could help in the early assessment of acute toxicity and the immediate implementation of appropriate therapeutic strategies. This may increase the tolerance of RT in these groups of patients.
Published: 2023
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5. Impact of Proprioceptive Training on Postural Stability in Adolescent Male Soccer Players: A Single Group Preliminary Study

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: football, postural stability, injury prevention, Delos platform, adolescent athletes, Sports, GV557-1198.995
Abstract: Football is one of the most popular team sports globally. Both amateur and professional footballers face the risk of injuries during training and matches. To mitigate this risk, a study was conducted focusing on training to improve postural stability – a crucial element in sports injury prevention. The study involved 20 boys aged 14–15 years, training at a professional football club, with a mean height of 172 cm and a body weight of 58.5 kg. The intervention comprised additional training sessions held twice a week over three months, utilizing the Delos Postural Proprietary System platform. Each training session lasted 15 minutes. As part of the study, the footballers underwent the ‘RIVA’ test, assessing postural stability with eyes closed and open before and after the intervention. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in both trials, 4.3% and 2.1%, respectively. When compared with findings from other studies, it is reasonable to conclude that this form of additional training may contribute to a reduction in injuries, especially among young football players.c
Published: 2023
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6. Terrestrial Tardigrada (Water Bears) of the Słowiński National Park (Northern Poland)

Author: Tomasz Bartylak, Pushpalata Kayastha, Anastasiia Polishchuk, Milena Roszkowska, Magdalena Maria Bartylak, Tomasz Rutkowski, Michał Zacharyasiewicz, and Łukasz Kaczmarek
Subjects: Europe, sand dunes, tardigrades, new records, xerophilous species, biodiversity, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: In this paper, samples of mosses, lichens and cryptogams (mosses mixed with lichens) collected from Słowiński National Park (northern Poland) were studied for water bears (Tardigrada). In total, 27 tardigrade taxa were identified: 21 to the species level, one identified as „cf.” and three to the genus level, with six species (Eremobiotus ginevrae, Hypsibius dujardini, Hypsibius scabropygus, Milnesium beasleyi, Minibiotus intermedius and Notahypsibius pallidoides) being new records for Poland. Two possibly new for science species were also found, belonging to genera Diphascon and Mesobiotus. Additionally, a very rare eutardigrade Pseudohexapodibius degenerans has been found in the samples analyzed in the present study for the first time outside of the type locality. The effects of habitat and substrate on species richness were also investigated and showed no significant differences between mosses and lichens, as well as all substrates except for concrete walls.
Published: 2024
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7. Dermoscopy of Chronic Radiation-Induced Dermatitis in Patients with Head and Neck Cancers Treated with Radiotherapy

Author: Aleksandra Pilśniak, Anastazja Szlauer-Stefańska, Andrzej Tukiendorf, Tomasz Rutkowski, Krzysztof Składowski, and Grażyna Kamińska-Winciorek
Subjects: chronic radiation-induced dermatitis, radiotherapy, head and neck cancers, dermoscopy, side effects, Science
Abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral part of many cancer treatment protocols. Chronic radiation-induced dermatitis (CRD) is a cutaneous toxicity that occurs in one-third of all patients treated with this method. CRD is usually observed several months after completion of treatment. Typical symptoms of CRD are telangiectasia, skin discoloration, atrophy, thickening, and cutaneous fibrosis. There are currently no data in the literature on the evaluation of the dermoscopic features of CRD. The aim of this prospective study was the identification of clinical and dermoscopic features in a group of 32 patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) in whom CRD developed after RT. CRD was assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months after RT in 16, 10, and 10 patients, respectively. CRD was assessed at one time point and two time points in 28 and 4 patients, respectively. The control included skin areas of the same patient not exposed to RT. The dataset consisted of 36 clinical and 216 dermoscopic photos. Clinical evaluation was performed according to the RTOG/EORTC radiation-induced dermatitis scale. The highest score was grade 2 observed in 21 patients. Clinical observations revealed the presence of slight and patchy atrophy, pigmentation change, moderate telangiectasias, and some and total hair loss. Dotted vessels, clustered vessel distribution, white patchy scale, perifollicular white color, white structureless areas, brown dots and globules, and white lines were the most frequently noted features in dermoscopy. Three independent risk factors for chronic toxicity, such as age, gender, and surgery before RT, were identified. The dermoscopic features that had been shown in our study reflect the biological reaction of the skin towards radiation and may be used for the parametrization of CRD regarding its intensity and any other clinical consequences in the future.
Published: 2024
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8. Quantitative analysis of plasma DNA in anal cancer patients

Author: Ewa Małusecka, Monika Giglok, Rafał Suwiński, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Agnieszka Mazurek
Subjects: plasma, radiochemotherapy, anal cancer, circulating cell-free dna., Medicine
Published: 2022
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9. An analytical four-layer horizontal electric current dipole model for analysing underwater electric potential in shallow seawater

Author: Miroslaw Woloszyn, Krystian Buszman, Tomasz Rutkowski, Jaroslaw Tarnawski, and Francisco Javier Rodrigo Saura
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The paper presents a new analytical four-layer (air–water–bottom–non-conductive layer) horizontal electric dipole model which allows an accurate approximation of ship's Underwater Electric Potential (UEP) from a sufficient depth in shallow coastal marine waters. The numerical methods, usually Finite Element Method (FEM) or Boundary Elements Method (BEM), are typically used to estimate the electric field and the distribution of static electric components of UEP around the ship. These methods enable analyses with high accuracy but, compared to other point-electrode methods and the proposed analytical model, they are relatively complex and need high computational time. The developed analytical model proposed in this paper allows real-time calculations without significant loss of accuracy of the UEP estimations. In the model, the problem of boundary values at the borders of individual layers is solved using the reflection/image method and applying the idea of continuity of electric potential at a given boundary between two adjacent layers. Its accuracy is verified based on the synthetic data provided by specialised software packages making use of FEM and BEM numerical methods. A dimensionless quantitative analysis of the relationships between basic parameters of the proposed four-layer analytical model and their impact on the accuracy of representation of individual electric field strength components is also delivered. The relationships between water and bottom conductivity and between water depth and bottom thickness are investigated and described. The obtained results show that the developed model allows detailed and reliable analysis of the electric field, especially in shallow coastal waters.
Published: 2022
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10. Author Correction: An analytical four-layer horizontal electric current dipole model for analysing underwater electric potential in shallow seawater

Author: Miroslaw Woloszyn, Krystian Buszman, Tomasz Rutkowski, Jaroslaw Tarnawski, and Francisco Javier Rodrigo Saura
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Published: 2023
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11. Communities of Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) in Nest Boxes Inhabited by Dormice (Glis glis and Muscardinus avellanarius) and Differences in Percentages of Nidicoles in Nests of Various Hosts

Author: Jerzy Błoszyk, Grzegorz Hebda, Marta Kulczak, Michał Zacharyasiewicz, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Agnieszka Napierała
Subjects: Apionoseius infirmus, bird nests, dormice, Leiodinychus orbicularis, mammal nests, merocenose, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: Bird and mammal nests and nest boxes constitute microenvironments in which various groups of invertebrates can live, including mites from the suborder Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata). The main aim of the current study was to ascertain the characteristics of mite communities from the suborder Uropodina, which inhabit the nests of dormice (Gliridae) built in nest boxes. The second aim of the study was to compare the habitat preferences of Leiodinychus orbicularis (C. L. Koch) and Apionoseius infirmus (Berlese), i.e., two typically nest-dwelling species of Uropodina. The material for the study was collected from nest boxes in six forest complexes in southwestern Poland. The conducted research revealed the presence of five species of Uropodina, with a total number of 559 specimens, in the examined boxes. Leiodinychus orbicularis was found in almost half of all of the examined boxes and was a superdominant species in the communities. The analysis of the habitat preferences of the two nest species of Uropodina showed that A. infirmus preferred old natural nests, in which the communities were formed from a larger number of species, without a significant statistical prevalence of one species. On the other hand, L. orbicularis occurred sporadically in open bird nests, but was very numerous and frequent in nest boxes. The significant dominance of L. orbicularis in nest boxes can probably be explained by the specific conditions prevailing in this type of microhabitat, including the very low humidity and food resources that this mite species prefers compared to other species of Uropodina.
Published: 2023
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12. Seeking a Sufficient Data Volume for Railway Infrastructure Component Detection with Computer Vision Models

Author: Alicja Gosiewska, Zuzanna Baran, Monika Baran, and Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: object detection, computer vision, machine learning, railway, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: Railway infrastructure monitoring is crucial for transportation reliability and travelers’ safety. However, it requires plenty of human resources that generate high costs and is limited to the efficiency of the human eye. Integrating machine learning into the railway monitoring process can overcome these problems. Since advanced algorithms perform equally to humans in many tasks, they can provide a faster, cost-effective, and reproducible evaluation of the infrastructure. The main issue with this approach is that training machine learning models involves acquiring a large amount of labeled data, which is unavailable for rail infrastructure. We trained YOLOv5 and MobileNet architectures to meet this challenge in low-data-volume scenarios. We established that 120 observations are enough to train an accurate model for the object-detection task for railway infrastructure. Moreover, we proposed a novel method for extracting background images from railway images. To test our method, we compared the performance of YOLOv5 and MobileNet on small datasets with and without background extraction. The results of the experiments show that background extraction reduces the sufficient data volume to 90 observations.
Published: 2023
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13. The role of bracket fungi in creating alpha diversity of invertebrates in the Białowieża National Park, Poland

Author: Anna K. Gdula, Szymon Konwerski, Izabella Olejniczak, Tomasz Rutkowski, Piotr Skubała, Bogna Zawieja, and Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz
Subjects: Arachnida, biodiversity, Collembola, Insecta, richness, sporocarps, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Bracket fungi are seen mainly as the cause of economic losses in forestry, and their role as creators of biodiversity is relatively poorly understood. The aim of the study was defining the manner in which the degree of decay (DD) of the fruiting bodies determines the character of the invertebrate assemblages colonising them. The effect of this group of fungi on the modification of biodiversity of invertebrates (Aranae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpionida, two groups of mites—Mesostigmata and Oribatida, and Collembola and Insecta) was investigated by analyzing 100 fruiting bodies of 10 species of bracket fungi divided into four DD classes. The material was collected at Białowieża National Park, which is considered to be the largest area of natural forests in the North European Plain. 16 068 invertebrate individuals classified into 224 species were obtained. Oribatid mites (12 543 individuals) constituted the largest group of individuals, which were classified into 115 species with the most numerous Carabodes femoralis (8,811 individuals). Representatives of this group of mites have been reported previously in the publications on bracket fungi; however, the contributions of Oribatida and other groups of invertebrates were not broadly compared. Moreover, the species such as Hoploseius mariae and H. oblongus, which were predominantly found in fruiting bodies of bracket fungi, have also been discerned. The invertebrate fauna differs depending on DD of the samples: In the more decayed samples, a higher number of both individuals and species were recorded compared to the samples with lower DDs; however, this trend proved to be nonlinear. The DCA and cluster analysis revealed a similarity of the invertebrate assemblages from the 2 DD and 4 DD samples. They also indicated that the group 3 DD differed the most from all the other samples. The indicator species analysis identified species characteristic to individual DDs: For group 1 DD, it was, for example, Hoploseius oblongus; for 2 DD—Orchesella bifasciata; and for 3 DD—Chernes cimicoides, while for 4 DD—Dinychus perforatus.
Published: 2021
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14. Spine and Hip Range of Motion and Foot Morphology in Adolescent Female Ballet Dancers

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: ballet dancers, hallux valgus, range of motion, foot angles, Sports, GV557-1198.995
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the spine and hip range of motion and foot angles in adolescent female dancers as compared to those of non-dancing females of the same age. Twenty adolescent female ballet dancers (DANCE) and a control group (CON) of 20 adolescent females were examined. The inclusion criterion for the study group was participation in dance training for over 10 years. Spine and hip range of motion (ROM) assessments were carried out using a goniometer and centimeter tape. Foot angles were assessed using a podoscope. In spinal ROM examination, statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the Tomayer’s test, thoracic spine mobility, and lumbar rotation ranges. During foot angles evaluation, statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the Hallux Valgus angle of both feet. Ballet dancers developed greater hallux valgus in both the dominant and non-dominant limbs. They demonstrated higher flexion and extension range of motion in the thoracic spinal segment and the lumbar spine movement for the extension and rotation. The obtained results demonstrate that adolescent ballet dancers are predisposed to an increased risk of pain related to the trauma of the musculoskeletal system.
Published: 2022
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15. Ants trapped for years in an old bunker; survival by cannibalism and eventual escape

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski, István Maák, Kari Vepsäläinen, Gema Trigos-Peral, Wojciech Stephan, Grzegorz Wojtaszyn, and Wojciech Czechowski
Subjects: Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract: Successful evacuation of a peculiar ‘colony’ of the wood ant Formica polyctena Först., for years trapped within an old bunker previously used for storing nuclear weapons (see Czechowski et al. 2016), is reported. Using an experimentally installed boardwalk, the imprisoned ants managed to get through the ventilation pipe to their maternal nest on the top of the bunker. In our previous report, we left open the question of how the ‘colony’ could survive seemingly without food. Here we show that the ‘colony’ in the bunker survived and grew thanks to an influx of workers from the source nest above the bunker and mass consumption of corpses of the imprisoned nestmates.
Published: 2019
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16. The effect of karate training on changes in physical fitness in school-age children with normal and abnormal body weight

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski, Krzysztof Sobiech, and Agnieszka Chwałczyńska
Subjects: children body weight, karate training for children, body weight abnormalities in children, school-age children, physioprevention, Medicine
Published: 2019
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17. Prognostic Value of Molecular Intratumor Heterogeneity in Primary Oral Cancer and Its Lymph Node Metastases Assessed by Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Author: Agata Kurczyk, Marta Gawin, Piotr Paul, Ewa Chmielik, Tomasz Rutkowski, Monika Pietrowska, and Piotr Widłak
Subjects: cancer prognosis, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, intratumor heterogeneity, long-term outcome, mass spectrometry imaging, tumor microenvironment, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract: Different aspects of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH), which are associated with the development of cancer and its response to treatment, have postulated prognostic value. Here we searched for potential association between phenotypic ITH analyzed by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and prognosis of head and neck cancer. The study involved tissue specimens resected from 77 patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma, including 37 patients where matched samples of primary tumor and synchronous lymph node metastases were analyzed. A 3-year follow-up was available for all patients which enabled their separation into two groups: with no evidence of disease (NED, n = 41) and with progressive disease (PD, n = 36). After on-tissue trypsin digestion, peptide maps of all cancer regions were segmented using an unsupervised approach to reveal their intrinsic heterogeneity. We found that intra-tumor similarity of spectra was higher in the PD group and diversity of clusters identified during image segmentation was higher in the NED group, which indicated a higher level of ITH in patients with more favorable outcomes. Signature of molecular components that correlated with long-term outcomes could be associated with proteins involved in the immune functions. Furthermore, a positive correlation between ITH and histopathological lymphocytic host response was observed. Hence, we proposed that a higher level of ITH revealed by MSI in cancers with a better prognosis could reflect the presence of heterotypic components of tumor microenvironment such as infiltrating immune cells enhancing the response to the treatment.
Published: 2022
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18. Leiodinychus orbicularis (C.L. Koch, 1839) in bat boxes in Poland

Author: Jerzy Błoszyk, Tomasz Rutkowski, Grzegorz Wojtaszyn, Zofia Książkiewicz-Parulska, Michał Zacharyasiewicz, and Agnieszka Napierała
Subjects: Bats, Guano, Leiodinychus orbicularis, Nidicolous species, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The presented studies are the first one on the occurrence of mites in bat boxes and focuses on Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata). Investigation was carried out in Western Poland in October 2015. Guano was collected from 58 bat boxes occupied by 10 species of bats. Excrements from particular bat boxes were placed separately in string bags and transported to the laboratory. The extracted fauna was preserved in 75% ethanol and mites were identified with stereoscopic light microscope. The study revealed only one species of Uropodina mite on bat guano in the studied bat boxes, namely Leiodinychus orbicularis (C.L. Koch, 1839). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3835917
Published: 2020

19. Dead Wood as an Element Enriching Biodiversity of Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study Based on Mites from the Suborder Uropodina (Acari: Parasitiformes)

Author: Jerzy Błoszyk, Tomasz Rutkowski, Agnieszka Napierała, Szymon Konwerski, and Michał Zacharyasiewicz
Subjects: merocenoses, Mesostigmata, national park, nature reserve, phoresy, dead wood, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The importance of dead wood in forest ecosystems for the existence of invertebrates has been widely discussed in the literature. The major aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the presence of dead wood in forests considerably increases the species diversity of Uropodina (Acari: Parasitiformes) communities in a given area. The areas selected for the study are unique from a natural point of view. They are the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Cisy Staropolskie im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego Nature Reserve, and five oak-hornbeam nature reserves in western Poland. The study is based on materials collected since the 1960s of the last century. The highest number of species (37) both in soil and dead wood microhabitats was recorded in the Białowieża Primeval Forest and Cisy Staropolskie Nature Reserve, though the dead wood material from the second area contained the highest number of species (33). The results of the analysis show that the presence of dead wood increases species diversity of Uropodina communities in all locations under scrutiny. Moreover, dead wood increases the species diversity of Uropodina communities by attracting rare and stenotopic species, and therefore leaving dead trees in forests is extremely important for the habitat protection of these species.
Published: 2021
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20. Wpływ 8-tygodniowego treningu według metodyki CrossFit na skład ciała osób dorosłych

Author: Błażej Cieślik, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Tomasz Kuligowski
Subjects: Crossfit, BIA, skład ciała, HIPT, aktywność fizyczna, Sports, GV557-1198.995
Abstract: Celem badań było określenie wpływu 8-tygodniowego treningu według metodyki CrossFit® na skład ciała kobiet i mężczyzn. Badaniami objęto 55 osób – 18 kobiet oraz 37 mężczyzn. Średni wiek badanych kobiet wynosił 28,4 ±6,5 roku, średnia wysokość ciała 168,2 ±6,7 cm, zaś średnia masa ciała 60,5 ±5,0 kg. Wśród mężczyzn średni wiek wyniósł 25,7 ±6,8 roku, średnia wysokość ciała 180,2 ±6,0 cm, średnia masa ciała 81,6 ±8,2 kg. Oceny składu ciała dokonano metodą impedancji bioelektrycznej za pomocą urządzenia firmy Tanita przed i po rozpoczęciu programu treningowego. W ciągu 8 tygodni treningi według metodyki CrossFit® przeprowadzane były przez 5 kolejnych dni w tygodniu, po których następowała dwudniowa przerwa. Pojedyncza jednostka treningowa trwała 60 min. Z analizy zróżnicowania parametrów antropometrycznych wynika, że wśród kobiet BMI obniżyło się o 1 kg/m2, a wśród mężczyzn zmiany nie były istotne statystycznie. Biorąc pod uwagę skład ciała, wskazano istotne statystycznie zmiany we wszystkich badanych parametrach (tkanka tłuszczowa, beztłuszczowa masa ciała), zarówno ogólnoustrojowo, jak i segmentowo. Zastosowany trening według metodyki CrossFit® wpływa istotnie statystycznie na spadek ilości tkanki tłuszczowej (zarówno ogólnoustrojowej, jak i w każdym badanym segmencie ciała) wśród obu płci. U kobiet odnotowano obniżenie ilości tkanki tłuszczowej w obrębie tułowia, zaś u mężczyzn w kończynach dolnych i górnych.
Published: 2019
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21. Systemic Effects of Radiotherapy and Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients—Comparison of Serum Metabolome Profiles

Author: Karol Jelonek, Aleksandra Krzywon, Patrycja Jablonska, Ewa M. Slominska, Ryszard T. Smolenski, Joanna Polanska, Tomasz Rutkowski, Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak, Krzysztof Skladowski, and Piotr Widlak
Subjects: head and neck cancer, mass spectrometry, metabolomics, radiation response, chemotherapy response, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Anticancer treatment induces systemic molecular changes that could be detected at the level of biofluids. Understanding how human metabolism is influenced by these treatments is crucial to predict the individual response and adjust personalized therapies. Here, we aimed to compare profiles of metabolites in serum of head and neck cancer patients treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, or induction chemotherapy. Serum samples were analyzed by a targeted quantitative approach using combined direct flow injection and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, which allowed simultaneous quantification of 149 metabolites. There were 45 metabolites whose levels were significantly changed between pretreatment and within- or post-treatment serum samples, including 38 phospholipids. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy induced faster and stronger effects than radiotherapy alone. On the other hand, chemotherapy alone did not result in significant changes. The decreased level of total phospholipids was the most apparent effect observed during the first step of the treatment. This corresponded to the loss of patients’ body mass, yet no correlation between both parameters was observed for individual patients. We concluded that different molecular changes were measured at the level of serum metabolome in response to different treatment modalities.
Published: 2020
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22. ANALIZA STEROWANIA UŁAMKOWEGO PIλDµ MOCĄ REAKTORA JĄDROWEGO

Author: Bartosz Puchalski, Kazimierz Duzinkiewicz, and Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: regulator ułamkowy, regulator PID, reaktor PWR, zaawansowane systemy sterowania, model punktowy kinetyki neutronów, Environmental engineering, TA170-171, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: W artykule przedstawiono syntezę regulatora PIλDμ niecałkowitego rzędu dla potrzeb sterowania mocą reaktora jądrowego lekko wodnego określanego, jako typu PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor). W tym celu wykorzystano nieliniowy model matematyczny reaktora PWR o parametrach skupionych obejmujący procesy generacji i wymiany ciepła oraz termicznych efektów reaktywnościowych. Nastawy regulatora PIλDμ niecałkowitego rzędu dobrano w sposób optymalny, minimalizując klasyczne całkowe wskaźniki jakości określane na bazie odpowiedzi skokowej. Na przykładzie najpierw układu oscylacyjnego drugiego rzędu, a potem na przykładzie liniowego modelu reaktora PWR otrzymanego z linearyzacji modelu nieliniowego w określonym punkcie pracy wykazano, że proponowany ułamkowy regulator PIλDμ może stać się alternatywą dla powszechnie stosowanego klasycznego regulatora PID.
Published: 2013
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23. Explainable Artificial Intelligence Based on Neuro-Fuzzy Modeling with Applications in Finance

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski
Published: 2021
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24. A Novel Explainable Recommender for Investment Managers.

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski, Radoslaw Nielek, Danuta Rutkowska, and Leszek Rutkowski
Published: 2020
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25. On Explainable Flexible Fuzzy Recommender and Its Performance Evaluation Using the Akaike Information Criterion.

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski, Krystian Lapa, Maciej Jaworski, Radoslaw Nielek, and Danuta Rutkowska
Published: 2019
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26. On Explainable Recommender Systems Based on Fuzzy Rule Generation Techniques.

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski, Krystian Lapa, Robert Nowicki, Radoslaw Nielek, and Konrad Grzanek
Published: 2019
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27. A Content-Based Recommendation System Using Neuro-Fuzzy Approach.

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski, Jakub Romanowski, Piotr Woldan, Pawel Staszewski, Radoslaw Nielek, and Leszek Rutkowski
Published: 2018
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28. Towards Interpretability of the Movie Recommender Based on a Neuro-Fuzzy Approach.

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski, Jakub Romanowski, Piotr Woldan, Pawel Staszewski, and Radoslaw Nielek
Published: 2018
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29. Distribution of Myrmecophilus acervorum (Panzer, 1799) (Orthoptera: Myrmecophilidae) in Poland

Author: Przemysław ŻURAWLEW, Tomasz RUTKOWSKI, Jakub BŁĘDOWSKI, Szymon KONWERSKI, Seweryn GROBELNY, Ryszard ORZECHOWSKI, Rafał RUTA, Grzegorz K. WAGNER, Bartłomiej PACUK, Bernard STANIEC, Artur SZPALEK, Mirosław ZAGAJA, and Szymon CZYŻEWSKI
Abstract: This study summarises information on the occurrence of Myrmecophilus acervorum in Poland in the years 1851–2022. We collected information about 143 localities: 40 from literature and 103 unpublished. Myrmecophilus acervorum is reported from seven new regions: the Baltic Coast, Białowieża Primeval Forest, Eastern Sudety Mts, Kraków-Wieluń Upland, Podlasie Lowland, Sandomierska Lowland and Trzebnickie Hills. While until 2010 observations were rare (35 localities), in the years 2011–2022 the species was found in 108 new localities. A total of 443 individuals of M. acervorum were observed in Poland, but the sex was identified only for 138, of which 135 were mature females or female nymphs. Males were recorded only historically in the Pomeranian Lakeland. At present, these records should be treated with caution, as they are uncertain.
Published: 2022

30. Deep-lying sites of the house-cricket Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) in coal mines in Upper Silesia (Poland)

Author: Przemysław ŻURAWLEW and Tomasz RUTKOWSKI
Abstract: The report provides information about the occurrence of the house-cricket Acheta domesticus in 2021 in the area of the hard coal mines "Budryk" (Ornontowice) and "Pniówek" (Pawłowice). The species was recorded at depths of 900, 1050 and 1290 m ("Budryk") and 1050 m beneath the surface ("Pniówek"). The information provided testifies high adaptability of the species and encourages its search in other Polish mines.
Published: 2022

31. New Species of Macrobiotidae (Eutardigrada) from Cameroon (Africa), Characteristics of Macrobiotus Morpho-Groups and a Key to the Nelsonae Group

Author: Łukasz Kaczmarek, Tomasz Rutkowski, Michał Zacharyasiewicz, Adrian Surmacki, Tomasz S. Osiejuk, and Pushpalata Kayastha
Subjects: Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 2023

32. Dose estimation in patients treated with radiotherapy for SARS-COVID disease based on EPID measurement

Author: Krzysztof Ślosarek, Tomasz Rutkowski, Adam Gądek, Łukasz Sroka, Łukasz Dolla, Roman Rutkowski, and Jerzy Jaroszkiewicz
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology
Published: 2022

33. The Association between Carotenoids and Head and Neck Cancer Risk

Author: Adam Brewczyński, Beata Jabłońska, Marek Kentnowski, Sławomir Mrowiec, Krzysztof Składowski, and Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: α-carotene, lutein, Nutrition and Dietetics, oropharyngeal cancer, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, oral cavity cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, food and beverages, pharyngeal cancer, Review, lycopene, Carotenoids, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Risk Factors, β-carotene, Humans, laryngeal cancer, TX341-641, Food Science
Abstract: Head and neck cancer (HNC) includes oral cavity cancer (OCC), pharyngeal cancer (PC), and laryngeal cancer (LC). It is one of the most frequent cancers in the world. Smoking and alcohol consumption are the typical well-known predictors of HNC. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an increasing etiological factor for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Moreover, food and nutrition play an important role in HNC etiology. According to the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research, an intake of non-starchy vegetables and fruits could decrease HNC risk. The carotenoids included in vegetables and fruits are well-known antioxidants which have anti-mutagenic and immune regulatory functions. Numerous studies have shown the relationship between carotenoid intake and a lower HNC risk, but the role of carotenoids in HNC risk is not well defined. The goal of this review is to present the current literature regarding the relationship between various carotenoids and HNC risk.
Published: 2022

34. Mutualism between Lasius Ant Species and Stomaphis Aphids in Relation to Social Parasitism among the Ants

Author: Łukasz Depa, Kari Vepsäläinen, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Wojciech Czechowski
Subjects: Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 2022

35. Nowe stanowiska rzadkich pająków (Araneae) w Polsce

Author: Grzegorz Gierlasiński, Grzegorz Kolago, and Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: Araneae, rare species, new record, citizen science, biodiversity, Poland
Abstract: New records of rare spiders (Araneae) in Poland. During arachnological researches carried out for different reasons, using various methods in distant places of Poland, we have collected rich faunistic material. Although, main part of spiders assemblages composition usually are common species, there is a share of species that are rarely collected. Appreciating their role in the ecosystems and a small amount of data, we chose ten species deserving more attention: Altella biuncata, Berlandina cinerea, Ceratinella major, Dasumia carpatica, Erigonoplus globipes, Mansuphantes arciger, Ozyptila rauda, Pseudomaro aenigmaticus, Saloca diceros, and Saloca kulczynskii., {"references":["Angeler D.G., Fried-Petersen H.B., Allen C.R., Garmestani A., Twidwell D., Chuang W.-C., Donovan V.M., Eason T., Roberts C.R., Sundstrom S.M., Wonkka C.L. 2019. Adaptive capacity in ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 60: 1-24. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/bs.aecr.2019.02.001","Baran S. 1933. Materjały do fauny pająków (Araneida) okolic Rzeszowa. Sprawozdania Komisyi Fizjograficznej, Kraków 67: 23–36.","Bednarz S., Czajka M. 1966. Drugie stanowisko pająka Saloca diceros (Cambridge) (Micryphantidae) w Polsce. Przegląd zoologiczny 10: 397–398.","Bednarz S., Czajka M. 1968. Przyczynek do poznania fauny pająków Dolnego Śląska. Przegląd zoologiczny 112: 197–199.","Boroń M., Simon R. 2016. Wpływ czynników antropogenicznych na bioróżnorodność owadów. Medycyna Środowiskowa 19: 65–69.","Bösenberg W. 1901. Die Spinnen Deutschlands. I. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 14: 1–96.","Burakowski B., Mroczkowski M., Stefańska J. 1973. Chrząszcze Coleoptera. Biegaczowate – Carabidae, część 1. Katalog fauny Polski 23: 232 pp.","Chyzer C., Kulczyński W. 1894. Araneae Hungariae. Budapest 2: 1–151.","Czajka M. 1985. Pająki (Aranei) masywu Śleży i ich ochrona. Sprawozdania Wrocławskiego Towarzystwa Naukowego 40: 74–77.","Czajka M., Woźny M. 1971. Przyczynek do znajomości fauny pająków (Araneae) Polski. Opolskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk. Zeszyty Przyrodnicze 11: 141–145.","Czajka M., Pilawski S., Woźny M. 1981. Przyczynek do znajomości pająków (Aranei) Bieszczadów. Fragmenta Faunistica 25: 453–461.","Feledyn-Szewczyk B. 2016. Bioróżnorodność jako wskaźnik monitorowania stanu środowiska. Studia i raporty IUNG-PIB 47(1): 105–124.","Foelix R.F. 2011. Biology of spiders. New York: Oxford University Press, 420 pp.","Gaston K.J. 2010. Valuing common species. Science 327:154–155.","Gierlasiński G. 2020. Nowe stanowisko Dasumia carpatica (Kulczyński, 1882) (Araneae: Dysderidae) w Beskidzie Zachodnim. Acta entomologica silesiana 28(015): 1–4 [online]. DOI:doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3768406.","Hängg i A., Stöckli E., Nentwig W. 1995. Lebensräume mitteleuropäischer Spinnen. Charakterisierung der Lebensräume der häufigstenSpinnenarten Mitteleuropas und der mit diesen vergesellschafteten Arten. Miscellanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4, Neuchâtel.","Hong P., Schmid B., De Laender F., Eisenhauer N., Zhang X., Chen H., Craven D., De Boeck H.J., Hautier Y., Petchey O.L., Reich P.B., Steudel B., Striebel M., Thakur M.P., Wang S. 2022. Biodiversity promotes ecosystem functioning despite environmental change. Ecology Letters 25: 555–569. DOI:doi.org/10.1111/ele.13936.","Karpiński J. 1956. Pająki (Araneida) w biocenozie Białowieskiego Parku Narodowego. Roczniki Nauk Leśnych 14: 163–200.","Kulczyński W. 1881. Wykaz pająków Tatr, Babiej Góry i Karpat szlązkich z uwzględnieniem pionowego rozsiedlenia pająków w Galicyi zachodniej. Sprawozdanie Komisyi Fizyograficznej 15: 248–322.","Kulczyński W. 1882. Spinnen aus der Tatra und den Westlichen Beskiden. Kraków, 34 pp.","Kumschick S., Fronzek S., Entling M.H., Nentwig W. 2011. Rapid spread of the wasp spider Argiope bruennichi across Europe: a consequence of climate change? Climatic Change 109 (3): 319–329.","Kupryjanowicz J., Rozwałka R. 2007. Jacksonella falconeri (Jackson, 1908), a species newly recorded in Poland (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 76(3): 161–165.","Lyons K., Schwartz M. 2001. Rare species loss alters ecosystem function – invasion resistance. Ecological Letters 4: 358–365.","Lyons K.G., Brigham C.A., Traut B.H., Schwartz M.W. 2005. Rare species and ecosystem functioning. Conservation Biology 19(4): 1019–1024. DOI:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00106.x.","MacDougall A.S., McCann K.S., Gellner G., Turkingt on R. 2013. Diversity loss with persistent human disturbance increases vulnerability to ecosystem collapse. Nature 494: 86–89.","Menge A. 1872. Preussische Spinnen. V. Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N. F.) 3: 297–326.","Mouillot D., Bellwood D.R., Baraloto C., Chave J., Galzin R., Harmelin-Vivien M., Kulbicki M., Lavergne S., Lavorel S., Mouquet N., Timothy Paine C.E., Renaud J., Thuiller W. 2013. Rare species support vulnerable functions in High-Diversity Ecosystems. PLoS Biology 11(5): e1001569. DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001569.","Nentwig W., Blick T., Bosmans R., Gloor D., Hängg i A., Kropf C. 2022. Spiders of Europe. Wersja 08.2022. https://www.araneae.nmbe.ch, dostęp: 01.08.2022. DOI:doi.org/10.24436/1.","Pilawski S. 1962. Wstępne badania pająków w Karkonoskim Parku Narodowym. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis, Prace zoologiczne 1: 181–188.","Pilawski S. 1965. O kilkunastu gatunkach pająków złowionych w Sudetach Śląskich nowych dla fauny Dolnego Śląska i Polski. Przegląd Zoologiczny 9(3): 254–265.","Prószyński J., Staręga W. 1971. Pająki – Aranei. Katalog fauny Polski 33: Warszawa (PWN), 382 pp.","Raven P., Wackernagel M. 2020. Maintaining biodiversity will define our long-term success. Plant Diversity 42(4): 211–220. DOI:doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.002.","Rozwałka R. 2006a. Pająki (Araneae) Nadwieprzańskiego Parku Krajobrazowego. Nowy Pamiętnik Fizjograficzny 4(1–2): 55–66.","Rozwałka R. 2006b. Pająki (Araneae) stanowiska roślinności kserotermicznej w Żmudzi koło Chełma. Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody 25: 51–68.","Rozwałka R. 2010. Materiały do znajomości pająków Araneae Bieszczadów i Bieszczadzkiego Parku Narodowego. Roczniki Bieszczadzkie 18: 167–177.","Rozwałka R. 2014. Materiały do znajomości pająków Araneae Beskidu Wschodniego. Roczniki Bieszczadzkie 22: 329–350.","Rozwałka R., Olbrycht T. 2017. New records of several rare spider species (Araneae) from south-eastern Poland. Fragmenta Faunistica 60(1): 67–81.","Rozwałka R., Stachowicz J. 2021. Katalog pająków (Araneae) województwa lubelskiego. Wydawnistwo Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Warszawa, 271 pp.","Růžička V. Spiders in rocky habitats in Central Bohemia. The Journal of Arachnology 28: 217–222.","Sanocka-Wołoszynowa E. 1981. Badania pajęczaków (Aranei, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpionida) jaskiń Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis, 548, Prace Zoologiczne 11: 92 pp.","Säterberg T., Jonsson T., Yearsley J., Berg S., Ebenman B. 2019. A potential role for rare species in ecosystem dynamics. Scientific Reports 9, Article numer: 11107 (2019). DOI: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47541-6.","Smith M.D., Knapp A.K. 2003. Dominant species maintain ecosystem function with nonrandom species loss. Ecological Letters 6:509–517.","Stańska M. 2001. Pająki (Araneae) Niziny Mazowieckiej, stan wiedzy, zagrożenia, sposoby ochrony, pp. 295–304, In: Strategia ochrony fauny na Nizinie Mazowieckiej Kot H., Dombrowski A. (Eds.). Wyd. MTOF, Siedlce.","Staręga W. 1966. Przyczynek do poznania fauny pająków (Aranei) Polski. Fragmenta Faunistica 13: 175–186.","Staręga W. 1971. Pająki (Aranei) Bieszczadów. Fragmenta Faunistica 17: 53–126.","Staręga W. 1972. Nowe dla Polski i rzadsze gatunki pająków (Aranei), z opisem Lepthyphantes milleri sp.n. Fragmenta Faunistica 18: 55–98.","Staręga W. 1974. Materiały do znajomości rozmieszczenia pająków (Aranei) w Polsce. Fragmenta Faunistica 19: 395–420.","Staręga W. 1976. Pająki (Aranei) Pienin. Fragmenta Faunistica 21: 233–330.","Staręga W. 1983. Wykaz krytyczny pająków (Aranei) Polski. Fragmenta Faunistica 27: 149–268.","Staręga W. 1984. Materiały do znajomości rozmieszczenia pająków (Aranei) w Polsce. VIII-X. Fragmenta Faunistica 28: 79–136.","Staręga W. 1996. Spinnen (Araneae) von oberschlesischen Abraumhalden des Steinkohlebergbaus. Fragmenta Faunistica 39: 329–344.","Staręga W., Kupryjanowicz J. 1996. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Spinnen (Araneae) des Gorce-Gebirges. Fragmenta Faunistica 39: 313–328.","Staręga W., Majkus Z., Miszta A. 2001. Czerwona Lista Pająków (Araneae) Górnego Śląska. Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska, Raporty Opinie 5: 8–35.","Szymański D., Szymański D.M., Szymański E., Kłonowski P., Szymański H.M. 2021. Pająki (Araneae) wydm śródlądowych środkowej części Niziny Wielkopolsko-Kujawskiej. Przegląd Przyrodniczy 32(2): 13–21.","Trigos-Peral G., Rutkowski T., Witek M., Ślipiński P., Babik H., Czechowski W. 2020. Three categories of urban green areas and the effect of their different management on the communities of ants, spiders and harvestmen. Urban Ecosystems, DOI:/10.1007/s11252–020–00949–9.","Wiśniewski K., Rozwałka R., Wesołowska W. 2018. Distribution, habitat affinities and phenology of the Micrargus herbigradus-species group (Araneae: Linyphiidae) in Poland. Biologia 73:151–164.","World Spider Catalog (2022). World Spider Catalog. Version 23.5. Natural History Museum Bern, http://wsc.nmbe.ch, dostęp: 01.08.2022. DOI:doi.org/10.24436/2."]}
Published: 2022
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36. Lung volume irradiation procedures in patients with pneumonia during COVID-19 infection – physical aspects of treatment planning and dosimetry

Author: Michał Radwan, Jerzy Jaroszewicz, Łukasz Dolla, Adam Gądek, Krzysztof Ślosarek, Łukasz Sroka, Michał Nachlik, Dawid Bodusz, Andrzej Biały, and Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, Pneumonia, Oncology, Dosimetry, Medicine, Lung volumes, Irradiation, Radiology, business, Radiation treatment planning, Quality assurance
Abstract: Introduction. The paper presents an original, used in our Institute, method of lung volume irradiation in patients with pneumonia during COVID-19 infection. Material and methods. Procedures such as the simulation of treatment and radiotherapy are performed in a treatment room. Real time radiation treatment planning is realized as 2D planning (Irreg Planning VMS) in a separate room, and the 3D (eclipse VMS) dose distribution is calculated after the treatment. During radiation exposure, a fluence map is measured. Results. A method of irradiating the lungs of patients with COVID-19 was developed, which allows to shorten the time the patient is on the treatment table and minimize contacts between the patient and staff. Conclusions. The presented procedure made it possible to minimize the time of patient’s stay in the radiotherapy department and at the same time, it retains all the required quality assurance procedures in radiotherapy treatment.
Published: 2021

37. Where to overwinter: burrows of medium‐sized carnivores as winter places for invertebrates in temperate environment

Author: Anna Ondrejková, Piotr Tryjanowski, Łukasz Myczko, Paweł Sienkiewicz, Łukasz Jankowiak, Łukasz Mielczarek, Przemysław Kurek, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Blanka Wiatrowska
Subjects: Ecology, Badger, biology, Temperate environment, Insect Science, biology.animal, Invertebrate
Published: 2021

38. The role of bracket fungi in creating alpha diversity of invertebrates in the Białowieża National Park, Poland

Author: Izabella Olejniczak, Szymon Konwerski, Piotr Skubała, Anna K. Gdula, Tomasz Rutkowski, Dariusz J. Gwiazdowicz, and Bogna Zawieja
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Insecta, Fauna, Biodiversity, Zoology, Opiliones, sporocarps, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Arachnida, Oribatida, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Invertebrate, Original Research, biodiversity, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, biology.organism_classification, Collembola, Carabodes femoralis, Alpha diversity, Species richness, richness
Abstract: Bracket fungi are seen mainly as the cause of economic losses in forestry, and their role as creators of biodiversity is relatively poorly understood. The aim of the study was defining the manner in which the degree of decay (DD) of the fruiting bodies determines the character of the invertebrate assemblages colonising them. The effect of this group of fungi on the modification of biodiversity of invertebrates (Aranae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpionida, two groups of mites—Mesostigmata and Oribatida, and Collembola and Insecta) was investigated by analyzing 100 fruiting bodies of 10 species of bracket fungi divided into four DD classes. The material was collected at Białowieża National Park, which is considered to be the largest area of natural forests in the North European Plain. 16 068 invertebrate individuals classified into 224 species were obtained. Oribatid mites (12 543 individuals) constituted the largest group of individuals, which were classified into 115 species with the most numerous Carabodes femoralis (8,811 individuals). Representatives of this group of mites have been reported previously in the publications on bracket fungi; however, the contributions of Oribatida and other groups of invertebrates were not broadly compared. Moreover, the species such as Hoploseius mariae and H. oblongus, which were predominantly found in fruiting bodies of bracket fungi, have also been discerned. The invertebrate fauna differs depending on DD of the samples: In the more decayed samples, a higher number of both individuals and species were recorded compared to the samples with lower DDs; however, this trend proved to be nonlinear. The DCA and cluster analysis revealed a similarity of the invertebrate assemblages from the 2 DD and 4 DD samples. They also indicated that the group 3 DD differed the most from all the other samples. The indicator species analysis identified species characteristic to individual DDs: For group 1 DD, it was, for example, Hoploseius oblongus; for 2 DD—Orchesella bifasciata; and for 3 DD—Chernes cimicoides, while for 4 DD—Dinychus perforatus., From the viewpoint of forest management, wood‐decaying fungi are mainly perceived in terms of financial losses resulting from the deteriorating timber value. Nevertheless, these fungi create a unique microhabitat of decaying wood; hence, their fruiting bodies play a significant role in promoting biodiversity of many groups of invertebrates.
Published: 2021

39. Nowe dane o rozmieszczeniu pająków (Araneae) na Pobrzeżu Bałtyku

Author: Grzegorz Gierlasiński, Jan Krzysztof Kowalczyk, and Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: biodiversity, faunistics, new records, Poland, spiders
Abstract: New data about distribution of spiders (Araneae) on Baltic Coast. The aim of the presented research was to supplement the knowledge on the distribution of spiders on the Baltic Coast. For this purpose, data collected by the authors and provided by other researchers were used. This area was best explored in the second half of the nineteenth century and many of the species identified then have not been shown here since then. As a result of this research, it was possible to confirm the presence of many of them and to find several dozen species new to this area., {"references":["Almquist S. 2005. Swedish Araneae, part 1 – families Atypidae to Hahniidae (Linyphiidae excluded). Insect Systematics & Evolution, Supplement 62: 1–284.","Burakowski B., Mroczkowski M., Stefańska J. 1973. Chrząszcze Coleoptera. Biegaczowate – Carabidae, część 1. Katalog fauny Polski 23(2): 1–232.","Chyży I., Staręga W. 1997. Pająki (Araneae) rezerwatu Antoniuk. Parki Narodowe i Rezerwaty Przyrody 16(1): 27–39.","Cichocki W., Rozwałka R. 2013. Pająki rezerwatu torfowiskowego Bór na Czerwonem. Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą 69(1): 41–54.","Czajka M. 1962. First observation on the occurrence of the spiders Lepthyphantes kochi Kulcz. and Amaurobius jugorum L. Koch in Poland (Araneae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 32: 251–252.","Czajka M., Pilawski S., Woźny M. 1981. Przyczynek do znajomości pająków (Aranei) Bieszczadów. Fragmenta Faunistica 25: 453–461.","Czajka M., Domin L. 1993. Pająki (Aranei) okolic Ruszowa w Borach Dolnośląskich. Opolskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk. Zeszyty Przyrodnicze 29: 7–30.","Dahl M. 1935. Araneae und Opiliones. Zur Kenntnis der Spinnentiere Schlesiens. Sitzungsbericht der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin: 337–357.","Dziabaszewski A. 1965. Pająki wyspy Wolin ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Wolińskiego Parku Narodowego. Część I. 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Published: 2022
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40. Rozmieszczenie gatunków z rodzaju Pellenes Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae) w Polsce

Author: Grzegorz Gierlasiński, Grzegorz Kolago, Hubert Szymański, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Robert Rozwałka
Subjects: distribution, jumping spiders, new record, rare species, xerothermic habitats
Abstract: Distribution of the genus Pellenes Simon, 1876 (Araneae: Salticidae) in Poland. The article presents almost one hundred new localities of Pellenes nigrociliatus and P. tripunctatus. The preferred habitats of both species in Poland are dry stony or sandy areas with sparse vegetation. Their presence is strongly connected to the distribution of land snails, whose empty shells are used as a shelter and breeding place. Frequent observations on railway embankments suggest that their distribution in Poland may be much wider than previously thought and that the railway lines may play a key role as routes for their dispersal., {"references":["Bartos M., Szczepko K. 2011. Piaskun wydmowy (Yllenus arenarius) (Araneae, Salticidae) w Polsce – stan poznania i zagrożenia, pp. 11–21, In: Gwoździński K. (Ed.). Bory Tucholskie i inne obszary leśne II. Ochrona, monitoring, edukacja. Pa-Res Publishing, Łódź.","Burakowski B., Mroczkowski M., Stefańska J. 1973. Chrząszcze Coleoptera. 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Koch , 1875) (Araneae: Salticidae) in Poland. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska C 64(1): 117–121.","Rozwałka R. 2009b. Pająki (Araneae) Parku Krajobrazowego Lasy Janowskie. Nowy Pamiętnik Fizjograficzny 6(1–2): 45–70.","Rozwałka R., Rutkowski T., Bielak-Bielecki P. 2013. New data on introduced and rare synan-thropic spider species (Arachnida: Araneae) in Poland. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Biologia 68: 127–150.","Rozwałka R., Zawal A. 2014. Pająki i kosarze (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones) rezerwatu Świdwie. Przegląd Przyrodniczy 25(2): 76–90.","Rozwałka R., Stachowicz J. 2014. Notes on the occurrence of Sitticus terebratus (Clerck, 1758) in Poland. Fragmenta Faunistica 57(1): 67–74.","Rozwałka R., Rutkowski T., Sienkiewicz P., Renn K. 2015. Occurrence of Talavera aperta (Miller, 1971) (Araneae: Salticidae) in Poland. Biological Letters 52(12): 3–9.","Rozwałka R., Rutkowski T., Bielak-Bielecki P. 2016. 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Salticidae – Pająki skaczące (Arachnida: Araneae). Fauna Polski 19. MiIZ PAN Warszawa: 189 pp."]}
Published: 2022
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41. Spine and Hip Range of Motion and Foot Morphology in Adolescent Female Ballet Dancers

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, ballet dancers, GV557-1198.995, foot angles, musculoskeletal system, hallux valgus, range of motion, Sports
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the spine and hip range of motion and foot angles in adolescent female dancers as compared to those of non-dancing females of the same age. Twenty adolescent female ballet dancers (DANCE) and a control group (CON) of 20 adolescent females were examined. The inclusion criterion for the study group was participation in dance training for over 10 years. Spine and hip range of motion (ROM) assessments were carried out using a goniometer and centimeter tape. Foot angles were assessed using a podoscope. In spinal ROM examination, statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the Tomayer’s test, thoracic spine mobility, and lumbar rotation ranges. During foot angles evaluation, statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the Hallux Valgus angle of both feet. Ballet dancers developed greater hallux valgus in both the dominant and non-dominant limbs. They demonstrated higher flexion and extension range of motion in the thoracic spinal segment and the lumbar spine movement for the extension and rotation. The obtained results demonstrate that adolescent ballet dancers are predisposed to an increased risk of pain related to the trauma of the musculoskeletal system.
Published: 2021

42. The Role of Salvage in the Management of Patients with Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski and Urszula Kacorzyk
Subjects: Medicine (miscellaneous), sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma, salvage, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract: Objectives: This paper presents and discusses the rate and outcome of salvage according to various factors for patients with sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). Methods: Data of 79 patients treated radically due to SNSCC between 2000 and 2016 in the National Cancer Research Institute, Gliwice branch, were analyzed. Surgery was the primary treatment in 63 (79%) of patients. The ratio, type, and effectiveness of salvage was assessed and correlated with prognostic factors. Probabilities of overall survival (OS), local control (LC), nodal control (NC), and locoregional control (LRC) were assessed and compared between the groups. Results: The 5-year LC, NC, and LRC survival rates were 62%, 75%, and 53%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate was 51%. In 34 (43%) patients, treatment failure was reported, and salvage was performed in 17 (50%) of them. It was shown that patients after any salvage had significantly longer 2- and 3-year OS rates when compared to patients with no salvage: 52% vs. 7% and 38% vs. 0%, respectively (p = 0.004). Two- and three-year OS rates for patients after effective and ineffective salvage were 83% vs. 33% and 83% vs. 11%, respectively (p = 0.02). For patients with effective salvage, OS did not differ significantly when compared to the OS of primarily cured patients (p = 0.6). Conclusions: For SNSCC patients after treatment failure, salvage is possible in half of the cases and can improve their overall survival even if not finally successful. Moreover, effective salvage can compensate for the failure and give the same ultimate OS as in primarily cured patients.
Published: 2022

43. Analysis of Selected Nutritional Parameters in Patients with HPV-Related and Non-HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer before and after Radiotherapy Alone or Combined with Chemotherapy

Author: Adam Brewczyński, Beata Jabłońska, Agnieszka Maria Mazurek, Jolanta Mrochem-Kwarciak, Sławomir Mrowiec, Mirosław Śnietura, Marek Kentnowski, Anna Kotylak, Zofia Kołosza, Krzysztof Składowski, and Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: oropharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal carcinoma, human papilloma virus (HPV), nutritional status, malnutrition, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, Cancer Research, Oncology, virus diseases, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications
Abstract: Background: Radiotherapy plays an essential role in the treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC). The aim of this study was to assess and compare the nutritional status (NS) of patients with HPV-related (HPV+) and non-HPV-related (HPV-) OPC before and after radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods: The analysis included 127 patients with OPC who underwent radiotherapy (RT) alone, or in combination with chemotherapy (CRT), in the I Radiation and Clinical Oncology Department of Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Poland. Patients were divided according to HPV status. Confirmation of HPV etiology was obtained from FFPE (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) tissue material and/or extracellular circulating HPV DNA. Basic anthropometric and biochemical parameters before and after RT/CRT were compared between the HPV- and HPV+ groups. The effect of NS on survival was also analyzed. Results: In both groups, a significant decrease in all analyzed nutritional parameters was noted after RT/CRT (p < 0.01). CRT caused significant weight loss and decreases in BMI, albumin, total lymphocyte count (TLC), and hemoglobin concentration, as well as an increase in the Nutritional Risk Score (NRS) 2002, in HPV- and HPV+ patients. A significant decrease in prealbumin levels after CRT was noted only in HPV+ patients. RT caused a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration and TLC in HPV- patients. There were no significant differences regarding other nutritional parameters after RT in either group. RT did not have negative impact on body mass index (BMI), weight, NRS, CRP, Alb, Prealb, or PNI. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were significantly better in patients with a higher BMI in the HPV- group (OS, p = 0.011; DFS, p = 0.028); DFS was significantly better in patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) < 3.5 g/dL in the HPV- (p = 0.021) and HPV+ (p = 0.018) groups, and with total lymphocyte count (TLC) >1.28/mm3 in the HPV+ group (p = 0.014). Higher NRS 2002 was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS and DFS in HPV-, but not in the HPV+ group. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that both OS and DFS were significantly better in HPV- patients with lower NRS 2002 scores. However, this relationship was not observed in the HPV+ group. Conclusions: Regardless of HPV status, patients with OPC can develop malnutrition during RT/CRT. Therefore, nutritional support during RT/CRT is required in patients with HPV- and HPV+ OPC.
Published: 2022
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44. Germline Variants in Angiogenesis-Related Genes Contribute to Clinical Outcome in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Author: Dorota Butkiewicz, Agnieszka Gdowicz-Kłosok, Małgorzata Krześniak, Tomasz Rutkowski, Barbara Łasut-Szyszka, and Krzysztof Składowski
Subjects: Cancer Research, Oncology, head and neck cancer, polymorphism, FGF, PDGFR, MMP, TIMP, angiogenesis, treatment outcome, prognosis, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy
Abstract: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGF receptor (FGFR), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/PDGF receptor (PDGFR) systems, as well as some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs), are involved in various steps of angiogenesis. Data indicate that common germline variations in angiogenesis-regulating genes may modulate therapy results and cancer progression. However, whether these variants affect clinical outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. Hence, we assessed the relationship between FGF/FGFR, PDGF/PDGFR, MMP, and TIMP genetic variants and treatment outcomes in HNSCC patients receiving radiotherapy (RT) alone or combined with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. In multivariate analysis, FGF2 rs1048201 CC homozygotes showed a higher risk of death (p = 0.039), while PDGFRA rs2228230 T was strongly associated with an increased risk of locoregional relapse (HR 2.49, p = 0.001) in the combination treatment subgroup. In the RT alone subset, MMP2 rs243865 TT carriers had a higher risk of locoregional recurrence (HR 2.92, p = 0.019), whereas PDGFRB rs246395 CC homozygotes were at increased risk of metastasis (HR 3.06, p = 0.041). The MMP2 rs7201 C and TIMP2 rs7501477 T were associated with a risk of locoregional failure in the entire cohort (p = 0.032 and 0.045, respectively). Furthermore, rs1048201, rs2228230, rs246395, rs243865, rs7201, and rs7201/rs7501477 were independent indicators of an unfavorable outcome. This study demonstrates that the FGF2, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, MMP2, and TIMP2 variants may contribute to treatment failure and poor prognosis in HNSCC.
Published: 2022
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45. Pierwsze stwierdzenie Solenopsis fugax (Latreill e, 1798) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) na Nizinie Sandomierskiej

Author: Grzegorz Gierlasiński and Tomasz Rutkowski
Subjects: Hymenoptera, Formicidae, rare species, new record, Poland
Abstract: First record of Solenopsis fugax (Latreill e, 1798 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Sandomierska Lowland. Solenopsis fugax is an ant species living in close proximity of nests of other ant species, where it predates on their brood and food. Due to its small size and cryptic life style it is rarely collected. Over a dozen known sites of this species is dispersed throughout Poland. This work presents the first locality in Sandomierska Lowland.
Published: 2022
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46. Improving fault handling software techniques.

Author: Piotr Gawkowski, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Janusz Sosnowski
Published: 2010
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47. Underground diversity: Uropodina mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) from European badger (Meles meles) nests

Author: Agnieszka Ważna, Przemysław Kurek, Krzysztof Nowakowski, Tomasz Rutkowski, J. Cichocki, Jerzy Błoszyk, and Michał Zacharyasiewicz
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Badger, Fauna, Zoology, Trematura patavina, Meles, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Uropodina, Nest, biology.animal, Nenteria oudemansi, Mustelidae, Mite, Animals, Acari, Species diversity, Mites, Ecology, biology, Badger nests, Temperature, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Animal ecology, Insect Science, Mesostigmata, Poland, Seasons, Meles meles
Abstract: Badgers can gather huge quantities of organic material to build their nests for winter time and to rear their cubs. Moreover, badger burrows (setts) are characterized by specific microclimate with quite stable temperature and humidity. Their fauna is poorly studied, especially in respect of saprobiontic Uropodina mites. In 2018–2019, we monitored 94 badger setts to search for nest material that had been thrown away during cleaning of the chambers after mating and winter sleep. In the collected material from 32 badger nests, we found 413 Uropodina mites of 16 species, in various stages of development (adults, protonymphs, and deutonymphs). The community was dominated by three mite species: Trematura patavina (22.5%, n = 93), Oodinychus ovalis (17.2%, n = 71), and Olodiscus minima (15.5%, n = 64). Other nidicolous—i.e., nest-dwelling—species included: Nenteria oudemansi (14.8%, n = 61), Phaulodiaspis borealis (7.0%, n = 29), Phaulodiaspis rackei (4.6%, n = 19), Uroseius hunzikeri (1.7%, n = 7), Uropoda orbicularis (1.5%, n = 6), and Apionoseius infirmus (1.0%, n = 4). The most frequent species were: Oodinychus ovalis (62.5%, 20 nests), N. oudemansi (46.9%, 15 nests), and Olodiscus minima (40.6%, 13 nests). Detrended correspondence analysis indicated that the Uropodina community from badger nests differed from that of mole nests, studied earlier. In setts, the Uropodina community included T. patavina and N. oudemansi, which were for the first time recorded from underground badger nests. This is the first record of N. oudemansi from Poland.
Published: 2020

48. Significance of HPV16 Viral Load Testing in Anal Cancer

Author: Tomasz Rutkowski, Ewa Chmielik, Ewa Małusecka, Monika Giglok, Rafał Suwiński, Dariusz Lange, and Agnieszka M. Mazurek
Subjects: p53, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Medicine, Aged, 80 and over, Human papillomavirus 16, virus diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Anus Neoplasms, Prognosis, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell, Immunohistochemistry, Original Article, Female, Viral load, Adult, HPV, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, HPV16 viral load, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Anal cancer, neoplasms, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Papillomavirus Infections, Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma, medicine.disease, Staining, p16INK4A, 030104 developmental biology, Poland, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is highly frequent among patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma, but the viral load (VL) differs between patients. This study aimed to compare the rate of HPV positivity, HPV16VL, p16INK4A and p53 expression between treatment naive and recurrent anal cancer patients. HPV was genotyped via AmpliSens® HPV HCR-genotype-titre-FRT kit. HPV16 VL was determined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based in-house test. p16INK4A and p53 expression was tested via immunohistochemistry. The cohort comprised 13 treatment-naive and 17 recurrent anal SCC patients. High-risk HPV was detected in 87% of cases, and HPV16 (73%) was the predominant genotype. The rate of HPV positivity was higher among women and nonsmokers, and majority of HPV-positive cases were also p16INK4A-positive. All p53-negative tumors were HPV16-positive. The most predominant p53 staining pattern in the HPV-positive group was scattered type, whereas it was diffuse type in the HPV-negative group. The HPV16 VL was higher in the treatment-naive group. Further, in the treatment-naive group, cases with scattered staining pattern of p53 had higher HPV16 VL than cases with diffuse staining pattern. The opposite result was noted in the recurrent cancer group. Moreover, p16-positive cases with scattered p53 staining pattern in the treatment naive group had higher HPV16 VL than their counterparts in the recurrent cancer group. In conclusion, the HPV VL, as is the association between VL and p16INK4A /p53, is in an inversed trend in treatment naive and recurrent cancer patients, highlighting the importance of HPV VL measurement in anal SCC.
Published: 2020

49. Three categories of urban green areas and the effect of their different management on the communities of ants, spiders and harvestmen

Author: Hanna Babik, Gema Trigos-Peral, Piotr Ślipiński, Wojciech Czechowski, Tomasz Rutkowski, and Magdalena Witek
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, biology, Land use, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity, Woodland, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Urban Studies, Geography, Urban ecology, Arthropod, Bioindicator, Management practices
Abstract: Urban green areas have become an important tool for biodiversity conservation in cities. However, land use and the different management practices applied to these areas determine their effectiveness as biodiversity refuges within cities. In our study, we compare the biodiversity of three bioindicator groups of arthropods (ants, spiders and harvestmen) found in eleven urban green sites in Warsaw (Poland). The studied sites represent three categories of management: botanical gardens, public parks and urban woodlands. Our aim was to determine the effect of the type of management (as urban green categories) on arthropod communities in urban areas.
Published: 2020

50. What is new when it comes to acute and chronic radiation-induced dermatitis in head and neck cancer patients?

Author: Aleksandra Dudek, Tomasz Rutkowski, Krzysztof Składowski, and Grażyna Kamińska-Winciorek
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Optimal treatment, Head and neck cancer, Radiation-Induced Dermatitis, medicine.disease, Chronic radiation dermatitis, Skin symptoms, Dermatology, Radiation therapy, Pathogenesis, Oncology, medicine, Radiodermatitis, business
Abstract: Head and neck cancer is a serious clinical and social problem. Surgery and radiotherapy play the most important role in treatment and give the chance of cure. Optimal treatment of patients with head and neck cancer should provide for the maximum destruction of cancerous tissue, saving as much healthy tissue as possible. Despite this, due to radiotherapy still almost 90% of patients develop skin symptoms. It seems that the mechanism of radiodermatitis is quite clear, but studies assume that its pathogenesis is not fully understood and there is much to be clarified. Acute and chronic dermatitis caused by radiotherapy is usually diagnosed according to clinical criteria. It seems that it would be useful to have a photographic classification that would facilitate and unify the clinical evaluation. In this article we shall summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms of formation, risk factors, clinical classifications and methods for the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic radiation dermatitis. We have included clinical photos that depict individual stages according to the clinical classification of RTOG.
Published: 2020

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