82 results on '"Tomasi N"'
Search Results
2. Effect of cadmium on antioxidative enzymes, glutathione content, and glutathionylation in tall fescue
- Author
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Del Buono, D., Mimmo, T., Terzano, R., Tomasi, N., and Cesco, S.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Induction of nitrate uptake in Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay grapevines depends on the scion and is affected by the rootstock
- Author
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Tomasi, N., Monte, R., Varanini, Z., Cesco, S., and Pinton, R.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Plant-borne flavonoids released into the rhizosphere: impact on soil bio-activities related to plant nutrition. A review
- Author
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Cesco, S., Mimmo, T., Tonon, G., Tomasi, N., Pinton, R., Terzano, R., Neumann, G., Weisskopf, L., Renella, G., Landi, L., and Nannipieri, P.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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5. Characterization of Humic Fractions in Leachates from Soil Under Organic and Conventional Management and Their Interactions with the Root Zone
- Author
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Vujinovic, T., primary, Contin, M., additional, Cesco, S., additional, Pinton, R., additional, Tomasi, N., additional, Ceccon, P., additional, and De Nobili, M., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. White lupin response to nitrogen and phosphorous deficiencies
- Author
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Zanin, L., Buoso, S., Zamboni, A., Varanini, Z., Pinton, R., and Tomasi, N.
- Published
- 2019
7. Implication of copper and iron availability and sources in plant growth and development
- Author
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Franco, A., Vergolini, E., Zanin, L., Pinton, R., and Tomasi, N.
- Published
- 2018
8. Implication of copper and iron availability in tomato growth and development
- Author
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Franco, A., Vergolini, E., Zanin, L., Pinton, R., and Tomasi, N.
- Published
- 2018
9. The role of flavonoids on the weathering of iron and manganese minerals in the rhizosphere
- Author
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Gattullo C.E. (1), Cuccovillo G. (1), Pizzigallo M. (1), Medici L. (2), Tomasi N. (3), Mimmo T. (4), Cesco S. (4), and Terzano R. (1)
- Subjects
Fe (hydr)oxides ,fungi ,flavonoids ,food and beverages ,Mn oxides ,X-ray diffraction - Abstract
Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential micronutrients for plants but, in most agricultural soils, they are present in scarcely bioavailable forms. Iron occurs mainly as Fe(III) in poorly soluble oxides (hematite, maghemite), oxyhydroxides (goethite, lepidocrocite), amorphous hydroxides and poorly crystalline minerals like ferrihydrite, or is included as Fe(II) or Fe(III) in the lattice of primary and secondary minerals. Manganese is present mainly as Mn(IV) and Mn(III) in amorphous secondary phases as well as in crystalline oxides (birnessite) and hydroxides (manganite), but it is taken up by plants only in the reduced form Mn(II). To increase the bioavailability of these nutrients, plants have developed different mechanisms, among which the active release of flavonoids into the rhizosphere. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with multifunctional properties, such as the protection of plants against pests and diseases, the regulation of root growth and function, and the induction of allelopathy. Very few studies have focused on the mechanisms of Fe and Mn mobilization operated by flavonoids in the soil and, particularly, in the rhizosphere. It can be hypothesized that flavonoids dissolve Fe and Mn minerals by means of reducing or complexing processes, or by a combination of these two mechanisms. In a recent experiment, we observed that rutin mobilized a high amount of Fe from an alkaline soil by reducing it to Fe(II), and quercetin was very efficient in Mn solubilisation from an acidic soil by reducing it to soluble ions Mn(II). When quercetin was used in combination with citrate, Mn solubilisation further increased due to reduction and complexation processes. On the basis of these experimental evidences, the present study aims at investigating the effects of some flavonoids (rutin, quercetin and genistein), both alone and in combination, on the alteration of some of the most representative Fe and Mn (hydr)oxides of the soil (goethite, hematite and birnessite). For each flavonoid, saturated aqueous solutions are prepared, containing Na3N (10 mM) as bacteriostatic agent. Synthetic Fe and Mn minerals are mixed at 20% (w/w) with an inert glass powder and let to interact for 24 h with 30 mL flavonoid solutions under continuous stirring. After centrifugation, the liquid fraction is filtered and analysed to determine: (i) the amount of Fe and Mn by ICP-AES and voltammetry; (ii) the concentration of flavonoids and other secondary products by HPLC analyses. The solid fraction is dried and analysed by (iii) XRD and (iv) SEM-EDX in order to study any structural modification of the minerals. Results are compared to a control without flavonoids and a control prepared using citrate, a well-known complexing molecule in plants.
- Published
- 2014
10. Effetto di urea e nitrato sull’espressione genica in radici di Zea mays
- Author
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Zanin, L., Zamboni, Anita, Tomasi, N., Cesco, S., Varanini, Zeno, and Pinton, R.
- Subjects
mais ,urea ,microarray - Published
- 2012
11. EFFETTO DI FONTI AZOTATE DIVERSE SULL’ASSORBIMENTO DI UREA IN PLANTULE DI MAIS
- Author
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Zanin, L., Monte, R., Tomasi, N., Cesco, S., Varanini, Zeno, and Pinton, R.
- Subjects
Azoto ,amminoacidi ,nutrizione minerale ,Cinetiche ,assimilazione - Published
- 2011
12. Analisi microarray della risposta alla Fe-carenza di radici di pomodoro
- Author
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Zamboni, Anita, Zanin, L., Tomasi, N., Pezzotti, Mario, Pinton R, R., Varanini, Zeno, and Cesco, S.
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pomodoro ,Fe carenza ,microarray - Published
- 2011
13. Effetto della temperatura della soluzione nutritiva in allevamento fuori suolo di Valerianella
- Author
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Iacuzzo, F., Gottardi, S., Tomasi, N., Mimmo, T., Pinton, R., DALLA COSTA, Luisa, Cesco, S., and Cortella, Giovanni
- Published
- 2010
14. Forms and characteristics of insoluble Fe-humic substances used for Fe nutrition of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
- Author
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Claudio Massimo Colombo, Palumbo, G., Sellitto V, M., Rizzardo, C., Tomasi, N., Pinton, R., and Cesco, S.
- Subjects
Insoluble Fe-Hpoorly ordered iron oxides ,Insoluble Fe-Humic complexes ,Fe deficiency - Published
- 2010
15. Effect of cadmium on antioxidative enzymes, glutathione content, and glutathionylation in tall fescue
- Author
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Buono, D., primary, Mimmo, T., additional, Terzano, R., additional, Tomasi, N., additional, and Cesco, S., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Quantitative Fe determination inside tomato roots by confocal μ-XRF
- Author
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Terzano, R., Spagnuolo, M., Ruggiero, P., Vekemans, Bart, Scoonjans, T., Vincze, Laszlo, Janssens, Koen, Tomasi, N., Cesco, S., and Falkenberg, G.
- Subjects
Chemistry - Published
- 2008
17. Ruolo della PM H+-ATPasi nel rilascio di essudati radicali da cluster di lupino P-carenti
- Author
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Cesco, S, Tomasi, N, Espen, L, Martinoia, E, Neumann, G, Varanini, Z, and Pinton, R.
- Published
- 2005
18. Rhizospheric organic compounds in the soil–microorganism–plant system: their role in iron availability
- Author
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Mimmo, T., primary, Del Buono, D., additional, Terzano, R., additional, Tomasi, N., additional, Vigani, G., additional, Crecchio, C., additional, Pinton, R., additional, Zocchi, G., additional, and Cesco, S., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. ATP citrate lyase: cloning, heterologous expression and possible implication in root organic acid metabolism and excretion
- Author
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Langlade, N. B., primary, Messerli, G., additional, Weisskopf, L., additional, Plaza, S., additional, Tomasi, N., additional, Smutny, J., additional, Neumann, G., additional, Martinoia, E., additional, and Massonneau, A., additional
- Published
- 2002
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20. The effect of land use on runoff and soil erosion rates under Mediterranean conditions
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Kosmas, C., primary, Danalatos, N., additional, Cammeraat, L.H., additional, Chabart, M., additional, Diamantopoulos, J., additional, Farand, R., additional, Gutierrez, L., additional, Jacob, A., additional, Marques, H., additional, Martinez-Fernandez, J., additional, Mizara, A., additional, Moustakas, N., additional, Nicolau, J.M., additional, Oliveros, C., additional, Pinna, G., additional, Puddu, R., additional, Puigdefabregas, J., additional, Roxo, M., additional, Simao, A., additional, Stamou, G., additional, Tomasi, N., additional, Usai, D., additional, and Vacca, A., additional
- Published
- 1997
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21. The mineral nutrition of plants between chemical limitations and physiological constraints: Is a sustainable approach possible?,La nutrizione delle piante fra limitazioni chimiche e costrizioni fisiologiche: È possibile un'approccio sostenibile?
- Author
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Varanini, Z., Stefano CESCO, Monte, R., Tomasi, N., and Pinton, R.
22. The mineral nutrition of plants between chemical limitations and physiological constraints: Is a sustainable approach possible? | La nutrizione delle piante fra limitazioni chimiche e costrizioni fisiologiche: È possibile un'approccio sostenibile?
- Author
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Varanini, Z., Cesco, S., Monte, R., Tomasi, N., and Roberto PINTON
23. Nitrate transport in cucumber leaves is an inducible process involving an increase in plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and abundance
- Author
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Nikolic Miroslav, Cesco Stefano, Monte Rossella, Tomasi Nicola, Gottardi Stefano, Zamboni Anita, Pinton Roberto, and Varanini Zeno
- Subjects
Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background The mechanisms by which nitrate is transported into the roots have been characterized both at physiological and molecular levels. It has been demonstrated that nitrate is taken up in an energy-dependent way by a four-component uptake machinery involving high- and low- affinity transport systems. In contrast very little is known about the physiology of nitrate transport towards different plant tissues and in particular at the leaf level. Results The mechanism of nitrate uptake in leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Chinese long) plants was studied and compared with that of the root. Net nitrate uptake by roots of nitrate-depleted cucumber plants proved to be substrate-inducible and biphasic showing a saturable kinetics with a clear linear non saturable component at an anion concentration higher than 2 mM. Nitrate uptake by leaf discs of cucumber plants showed some similarities with that operating in the roots (e.g. electrogenic H+ dependence via involvement of proton pump, a certain degree of induction). However, it did not exhibit typical biphasic kinetics and was characterized by a higher Km with values out of the range usually recorded in roots of several different plant species. The quantity and activity of plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase of the vesicles isolated from leaf tissues of nitrate-treated plants for 12 h (peak of nitrate foliar uptake rate) increased with respect to that observed in the vesicles isolated from N-deprived control plants, thus suggesting an involvement of this enzyme in the leaf nitrate uptake process similar to that described in roots. Molecular analyses suggest the involvement of a specific isoform of PM H+-ATPase (CsHA1) and NRT2 transporter (CsNRT2) in root nitrate uptake. At the leaf level, nitrate treatment modulated the expression of CsHA2, highlighting a main putative role of this isogene in the process. Conclusions Obtained results provide for the first time evidence that a saturable and substrate-inducible nitrate uptake mechanism operates in cucumber leaves. Its activity appears to be related to that of PM H+-ATPase activity and in particular to the induction of CsHA2 isoform. However the question about the molecular entity responsible for the transport of nitrate into leaf cells therefore still remains unresolved.
- Published
- 2012
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24. Genome-wide microarray analysis of tomato roots showed defined responses to iron deficiency
- Author
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Zamboni Anita, Zanin Laura, Tomasi Nicola, Pezzotti Mario, Pinton Roberto, Varanini Zeno, and Cesco Stefano
- Subjects
Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background Plants react to iron deficiency stress adopting different kind of adaptive responses. Tomato, a Strategy I plant, improves iron uptake through acidification of rhizosphere, reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and transport of Fe2+ into the cells. Large-scale transcriptional analyses of roots under iron deficiency are only available for a very limited number of plant species with particular emphasis for Arabidopsis thaliana. Regarding tomato, an interesting model species for Strategy I plants and an economically important crop, physiological responses to Fe-deficiency have been thoroughly described and molecular analyses have provided evidence for genes involved in iron uptake mechanisms and their regulation. However, no detailed transcriptome analysis has been described so far. Results A genome-wide transcriptional analysis, performed with a chip that allows to monitor the expression of more than 25,000 tomato transcripts, identified 97 differentially expressed transcripts by comparing roots of Fe-deficient and Fe-sufficient tomato plants. These transcripts are related to the physiological responses of tomato roots to the nutrient stress resulting in an improved iron uptake, including regulatory aspects, translocation, root morphological modification and adaptation in primary metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and TCA cycle. Other genes play a role in flavonoid biosynthesis and hormonal metabolism. Conclusions The transcriptional characterization confirmed the presence of the previously described mechanisms to adapt to iron starvation in tomato, but also allowed to identify other genes potentially playing a role in this process, thus opening new research perspectives to improve the knowledge on the tomato root response to the nutrient deficiency.
- Published
- 2012
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25. Plasma membrane H-ATPase-dependent citrate exudation from cluster roots of phosphate-deficient white lupin
- Author
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Nicola Tomasi, Luca Espen, Anja T. Fuglsang, Günter Neumann, Laure Weisskopf, Enrico Martinoia, Tobias Kretzschmar, Michael G. Palmgren, Roberto Pinton, Stefano Cesco, Zeno Varanini, University of Zurich, and Tomasi, N
- Subjects
PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY ,Physiology ,ATPase ,Malates ,Plant Science ,580 Plants (Botany) ,Plant Roots ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lupinus ,10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Proton transport ,BINDING ,1110 Plant Science ,Vanadate ,Glycosides ,Plant Proteins ,biology ,ACID EXCRETION ,Chemistry ,pH ,Phosphorus ,Carboxylate release ,Lupinus albus ,Malate ,Organic acids ,Proton pump ,Rhizosphere ,Root exudates ,NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ,PROTEOID ROOTS ,DAUCIFORM ROOTS ,MAIZE ROOTS ,TRANSPORT ,SOIL ,Drug Combinations ,Proton-Translocating ATPases ,Biochemistry ,carboxylate release ,malate ,organic acids ,phosphorus ,proton pump ,rhizosphere ,root exudates ,Fusicoccin ,Settore AGR/13 - Chimica Agraria ,Citric Acid ,Phosphates ,Phenols ,Cluster root ,Gene Expression Profiling ,1314 Physiology ,Phosphate ,biology.organism_classification ,Cytosol ,biology.protein ,Vanadates ,Oils - Abstract
White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is able to grow on soils with sparingly available phosphate (P) by producing specialized structures called cluster roots. To mobilize sparingly soluble P forms in soils, cluster roots release substantial amounts of carboxylates and concomitantly acidify the rhizosphere. The relationship between acidification and carboxylate exudation is still largely unknown. In the present work, we studied the linkage between organic acids (malate and citrate) and proton exudations in cluster roots of P-deficient white lupin. After the illumination started, citrate exudation increased transiently and reached a maximum after 5 h. This effect was accompanied by a strong acidification of the external medium and alkalinization of the cytosol, as evidenced by in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Fusicoccin, an activator of the plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, stimulated citrate exudation, whereas vanadate, an inhibitor of the H+-ATPase, reduced citrate exudation. The burst of citrate exudation was associated with an increase in expression of the LHA1 PM H+-ATPase gene, an increased amount of H+-ATPase protein, a shift in pH optimum of the enzyme and post-translational modification of an H+-ATPase protein involving binding of activating 14-3-3 protein. Taken together, our results indicate a close link in cluster roots of P-deficient white lupin between the burst of citrate exudation and PM H+-ATPase-catalysed proton efflux.
- Published
- 2009
26. Gigantic breeding colonies of a marine fish in the Mediterranean.
- Author
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Deter J, Ballesta L, Barroil A, Marre G, Faure N, Riutort JJ, Bockel T, Villéger S, Mouillot D, Tomasi N, Da-Cunha K, and Holon F
- Subjects
- Animals, Mediterranean Sea, Female, Male, Ecosystem, Reproduction physiology, France, Alismatales physiology, Nesting Behavior
- Abstract
While breeding colonies are well known in seabirds, they remain exceptional for marine fishes. Here, we report on fifteen massive breeding colonies of picarels (Spicara smaris), a small benthic zooplanktivorous fish, observed by chance during video transects in spring 2021 along the East coast of Corsica (French Mediterranean). In total, these colonies cover more than 134.6 hectares (ha) within a surveyed area of 712.1 ha, a single colony covering from 2.2 to 28 ha between 37 and 50 meters deep. The seabed, including the lower limit of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows, soft bottoms, and the predominant rhodolith beds, has been completely rebuilt in circular jointed nests measuring 55 cm in diameter on average. With a density of 2.6 nests per m
2 , the estimated number of nests in the colony exceeds 18 million. Each nest is guarded by a male. Females swim in groups above the nests and sometimes lay eggs. A rich macrofauna including threatened species can be observed around the nests, eating eggs or adults. This finding highlights the exceptional ecological role of this small fish as an ecosystem engineer creating oases of marine life. This warrants further studies and better protection of the area, at least during the breeding season., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests F.H. and L.B. are two of the three co-founders of Andromède Océanologie., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Peculiarity of the early metabolomic response in tomato after urea, ammonium or nitrate supply.
- Author
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Lodovici A, Buoso S, Miras-Moreno B, Lucini L, Garcia-Perez P, Tomasi N, Pinton R, and Zanin L
- Subjects
- Plant Leaves metabolism, Metabolomics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant drug effects, Metabolome, Fertilizers, Nitrogen metabolism, Urea metabolism, Solanum lycopersicum metabolism, Solanum lycopersicum genetics, Solanum lycopersicum growth & development, Nitrates metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most applied in agriculture as fertilizer (as nitrate, Nit; ammonium, A; and/or urea, U, forms) and its availability strongly constrains the crop growth and yield. To investigate the early response (24 h) of N-deficient tomato plants to these three N forms, a physiological and molecular study was performed. In comparison to N-deficient plants, significant changes in the transcriptional, metabolomic and ionomic profiles were observed. As a probable consequence of N mobility in plants, a wide metabolic modulation occurred in old leaves rather than in young leaves. The metabolic profile of U and A-treated plants was more similar than Nit-treated plant profile, which in turn presented the lowest metabolic modulation with respect to N-deficient condition. Urea and A forms induced some changes at the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, amino acids and phytohormones. Interestingly, a specific up-regulation by U and down-regulation by A of carbon synthesis occurred in roots. Along with the gene expression, data suggest that the specific N form influences the activation of metabolic pathways for its assimilation (cytosolic GS/AS and/or plastidial GS/GOGAT cycle). Urea induced an up-concentration of Cu and Mn in leaves and Zn in whole plant. This study highlights a metabolic reprogramming depending on the N form applied, and it also provide evidence of a direct relationship between urea nutrition and Zn concentration. The understanding of the metabolic pathways activated by the different N forms represents a milestone in improving the efficiency of urea fertilization in crops., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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28. The activation of iron deficiency responses of grapevine rootstocks is dependent to the availability of the nitrogen forms.
- Author
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Khalil S, Strah R, Lodovici A, Vojta P, Berardinis F, Ziegler J, Pompe Novak M, Zanin L, Tomasi N, Forneck A, and Griesser M
- Subjects
- Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrates metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Iron Deficiencies, Anemia, Hypochromic metabolism, Vitis genetics, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
Background: In viticulture, iron (Fe) chlorosis is a common abiotic stress that impairs plant development and leads to yield and quality losses. Under low availability of the metal, the applied N form (nitrate and ammonium) can play a role in promoting or mitigating Fe deficiency stresses. However, the processes involved are not clear in grapevine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of two grapevine rootstocks to the interaction between N forms and Fe uptake. This process was evaluated in a hydroponic experiment using two ungrafted grapevine rootstocks Fercal (Vitis berlandieri x V. vinifera) tolerant to deficiency induced Fe chlorosis and Couderc 3309 (V. riparia x V. rupestris) susceptible to deficiency induced Fe chlorosis., Results: The results could differentiate Fe deficiency effects, N-forms effects, and rootstock effects. Interveinal chlorosis of young leaves appeared earlier on 3309 C from the second week of treatment with NO
3 - (1:0)/-Fe, while Fercal leaves showed less severe symptoms after four weeks of treatment, corresponding to decreased chlorophyll concentrations lowered by 75% in 3309 C and 57% in Fercal. Ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity was by trend enhanced under Fe deficiency in Fercal with both N combinations, whereas 3309 C showed an increase in FCR activity under Fe deficiency only with NO4 + (1:1) treatment. With the transcriptome analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) revealed multiple biological processes and molecular functions that were significantly regulated in grapevine rootstocks under Fe-deficient conditions, with more genes regulated in Fercal responses, especially when both forms of N were supplied. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in the auxin and abscisic acid metabolic pathways was markedly increased by the equal supply of both forms of N under Fe deficiency conditions. In addition, changes in the expression of genes related to Fe uptake, regulation, and transport reflected the different responses of the two grapevine rootstocks to different N forms.3 - /NH4 + (1:1) treatment. With the transcriptome analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) revealed multiple biological processes and molecular functions that were significantly regulated in grapevine rootstocks under Fe-deficient conditions, with more genes regulated in Fercal responses, especially when both forms of N were supplied. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in the auxin and abscisic acid metabolic pathways was markedly increased by the equal supply of both forms of N under Fe deficiency conditions. In addition, changes in the expression of genes related to Fe uptake, regulation, and transport reflected the different responses of the two grapevine rootstocks to different N forms., Conclusions: Results show a clear contribution of N forms to the response of the two grapevine rootstocks under Fe deficiency, highlighting the importance of providing both N forms (nitrate and ammonium) in an appropriate ratio in order to ease the rootstock responses to Fe deficiency., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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29. Nitrogen nutrition and xylem sap composition in Zea mays: effect of urea, ammonium and nitrate on ionomic and metabolic profiles.
- Author
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Buoso S, Lodovici A, Salvatori N, Tomasi N, Arkoun M, Maillard A, Marroni F, Alberti G, Peressotti A, Pinton R, and Zanin L
- Subjects
- Zea mays metabolism, Plant Growth Regulators metabolism, Urea pharmacology, Urea metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant Leaves metabolism, Xylem metabolism, Metabolome, Minerals metabolism, Minerals pharmacology, Plant Roots metabolism, Nitrates metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
In plants the communication between organs is mainly carried out via the xylem and phloem. The concentration and the molecular species of some phytohormones, assimilates and inorganic ions that are translocated in the xylem vessel play a key role in the systemic nutritional signaling in plants. In this work the composition of the xylem sap of maize was investigated at the metabolic and ionomic level depending on the N form available in the nutrient solution. Plants were grown up to 7 days in hydroponic system under N-free nutrient solution or nutrient solution containing N in form of nitrate, urea, ammonium or a combination of urea and ammonium. For the first time this work provides evidence that the ureic nutrition reduced the water translocation in maize plants more than mineral N forms. This result correlates with those obtained from the analyses of photosynthetic parameters (stomatal conductance and transpiration rate) suggesting a parsimonious use of water by maize plants under urea nutrition. A peculiar composition in amino acids and phytohormones (i.e. S, Gln, Pro, ABA) of the xylem sap under urea nutrition could explain differences in xylem sap exudation in comparison to plants treated with mineral N forms. The knowledge improvement of urea nutrition will allow to further perform good agronomic strategies to improve the resilience of maize crop to water stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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30. A mechanistic mathematical model for describing and predicting the dynamics of high-affinity nitrate intake into roots of maize and other plant species.
- Author
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Zanin L, Tomasi N, Casagrande D, Danuso F, Buoso S, Zamboni A, Varanini Z, Pinton R, and Blanchini F
- Subjects
- Zea mays metabolism, Nitrate Transporters, Plants metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrates pharmacology, Nitrates metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism
- Abstract
A fully mechanistic dynamical model for plant nitrate uptake is presented. Based on physiological and regulatory pathways and based on physical laws, we form a dynamic system mathematically described by seven differential equations. The model evidences the presence of a short-term positive feedback on the high-affinity nitrate uptake, triggered by the presence of nitrate around the roots, which induces its intaking. In the long run, this positive feedback is overridden by two long-term negative feedback loops which drastically reduces the nitrate uptake capacity. These two negative feedbacks are due to the generation of ammonium and amino acids, respectively, and inhibit the synthesis and the activity of high-affinity nitrate transporters. This model faithfully predicts the typical spiking behavior of the nitrate uptake, in which an initial strong increase of nitrate absorption capacity is followed by a drop, which regulates the absorption down to the initial value. The model outcome was compared with experimental data and they fit quite nicely. The model predicts that after the initial exposure of the roots with nitrate, the absorption of the anion strongly increases and that, on the contrary, the intensity of the absorption is limited in presence of ammonium around the roots., (© 2023 The Authors. Physiologia Plantarum published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)
- Published
- 2023
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31. Nodulating white lupins take advantage of the reciprocal interplay between N and P nutritional responses.
- Author
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Buoso S, Zamboni A, Franco A, Commisso M, Guzzo F, Varanini Z, Pinton R, Tomasi N, and Zanin L
- Subjects
- Nitrogen Fixation physiology, Phosphorus metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Bradyrhizobium physiology, Lupinus metabolism
- Abstract
The low bioavailability of nutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), is one of the most limiting factors for crop production. In this study, under N- and P-free nutrient solution (-N-P), nodulating white lupin plants developed some nodules and analogous cluster root structures characterized by different morphological, physiological, and molecular responses than those observed upon single nutrient deficiency (strong acidification of external media, a better nutritional status than -N+P and +N-P plants). The multi-elemental analysis highlighted that the concentrations of nutrients in white lupin plants were mainly affected by P availability. Gene-expression analyses provided evidence of interconnections between N and P nutritional pathways that are active to promote N and P balance in plants. The root exudome was mainly characterized by N availability in nutrient solution, and, in particular, the absence of N and P in the nutrient solution triggered a high release of phenolic compounds, nucleosides monophosphate and saponines by roots. These morphological, physiological, and molecular responses result from a close interplay between N and P nutritional pathways. They contribute to the good development of nodulating white lupin plants when grown on N- and P-free media. This study provides evidence that limited N and P availability in the nutrient solution can promote white lupin-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis, which is favourable for the sustainability of legume production., (© 2021 The Authors. Physiologia Plantarum published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)
- Published
- 2022
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32. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Zea mays fed with urea and ammonium.
- Author
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Arkoun M, Maillard A, Jing L, Marroni F, Pluchon S, Pinton R, and Zanin L
- Subjects
- Fertilizers, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Nitrogen metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Transcriptome, Urea, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Zea mays genetics, Zea mays metabolism
- Abstract
The simultaneous presence of different N-forms in the rhizosphere leads to beneficial effects on nitrogen (N) nutrition in plants. Although widely used as fertilizers, the occurrence of cross connection between urea and ammonium nutrition has been scarcely studied in plants. Maize fed with a mixture of urea and ammonium displayed a better N-uptake efficiency than ammonium- or urea-fed plants (Buoso et al., Plant Physiol Biochem, 2021a; 162: 613-623). Through multiomic approaches, we provide the molecular characterization of maize response to urea and ammonium nutrition. Several transporters and enzymes involved in N-nutrition were upregulated by all three N-treatments (urea, ammonium, or urea and ammonium). Already after 1 day of treatment, the availability of different N-forms induced specific transcriptomic and metabolomic responses. The combination of urea and ammonium induced a prompt assimilation of N, characterized by high levels of some amino acids in shoots. Moreover, ZmAMT1.1a, ZmGLN1;2, ZmGLN1;5, ZmGOT1, and ZmGOT3, as well transcripts involved in glycolysis-TCA cycle were induced in roots by urea and ammonium mixture. Depending on N-form, even changes in the composition of phytohormones were observed in maize. This study paves the way to formulate guidelines for the optimization of N fertilization to improve N-use efficiency in maize and therefore limit N-losses in the environment., (© 2021 The Authors. Physiologia Plantarum published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)
- Published
- 2021
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33. Identification of an Isoflavonoid Transporter Required for the Nodule Establishment of the Rhizobium - Fabaceae Symbiotic Interaction.
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Biała-Leonhard W, Zanin L, Gottardi S, de Brito Francisco R, Venuti S, Valentinuzzi F, Mimmo T, Cesco S, Bassin B, Martinoia E, Pinton R, Jasiński M, and Tomasi N
- Abstract
Nitrogen (N) as well as Phosphorus (P) are key nutrients determining crop productivity. Legumes have developed strategies to overcome nutrient limitation by, for example, forming a symbiotic relationship with N-fixing rhizobia and the release of P-mobilizing exudates and are thus able to grow without supply of N or P fertilizers. The legume-rhizobial symbiosis starts with root release of isoflavonoids that act as signaling molecules perceived by compatible bacteria. Subsequently, bacteria release nod factors, which induce signaling cascades allowing the formation of functional N-fixing nodules. We report here the identification and functional characterization of a plasma membrane-localized MATE-type transporter (LaMATE2) involved in the release of genistein from white lupin roots. The LaMATE2 expression in the root is upregulated under N deficiency as well as low phosphate availability, two nutritional deficiencies that induce the release of this isoflavonoid. LaMATE2 silencing reduced genistein efflux and even more the formation of symbiotic nodules, supporting the crucial role of LaMATE2 in isoflavonoid release and nodulation. Furthermore, silencing of LaMATE2 limited the P-solubilization activity of lupin root exudates. Transport assays in yeast vesicles demonstrated that LaMATE2 acts as a proton-driven isoflavonoid transporter., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Biała-Leonhard, Zanin, Gottardi, de Brito Francisco, Venuti, Valentinuzzi, Mimmo, Cesco, Bassin, Martinoia, Pinton, Jasiński and Tomasi.)
- Published
- 2021
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34. Orally administered nano-polystyrene caused vitellogenin alteration and oxidative stress in the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).
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Capanni F, Greco S, Tomasi N, Giulianini PG, and Manfrin C
- Subjects
- Animals, Hepatopancreas metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Polystyrenes metabolism, Astacoidea, Vitellogenins genetics, Vitellogenins metabolism
- Abstract
Nanoplastics (≤100 nm) represent the smallest fraction of plastic litter and may result in the aquatic environment as degradation products of larger plastic material. To date, few studies focused on the interactions of micro- and nanoplastics with freshwater Decapoda. The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii, Girard, 1852) is an invasive species able to tolerate highly perturbed environments. As a benthic opportunistic feeder, this species may be susceptible to plastic ingestion. In this study, adult P. clarkii, at intermolt stage, were exposed to 100 μg of 100 nm carboxylated polystyrene nanoparticles (PS NPs) through diet in a 72 h acute toxicity test. An integrated approach was conceived to assess the biological effects of PS NPs, by analyzing both transcriptomic and physiological responses. Total hemocyte counts, basal and total phenoloxidase activities, glycemia and total protein concentration were investigated in crayfish hemolymph at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h from PS NPs administration to evaluate general stress response over time. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the hemocytes and hepatopancreas were analyzed to ascertain the response of crayfish to PS NP challenge after 72 h. At a physiological level, crayfish were able to compensate for the induced stress, not exceeding generic stress thresholds. The RNA-Sequencing analysis revealed the altered expression of few genes involved in immune response, oxidative stress, gene transcription and translation, protein degradation, lipid metabolism, oxygen demand, and reproduction after PS NPs exposure. This study suggests that a low concentration of PS NPs may induce mild stress in crayfish, and sheds light on molecular pathways possibly involved in nanoplastic toxicity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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35. Characterization of physiological and molecular responses of Zea mays seedlings to different urea-ammonium ratios.
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Said-Pullicino D, Arkoun M, Yvin JC, Pinton R, and Zanin L
- Subjects
- Fertilizers, Nitrogen, Plant Roots, Seedlings, Urea, Ammonium Compounds, Zea mays
- Abstract
Despite the wide use of urea and ammonium as N-fertilizers, no information is available about the proper ratio useful to maximize the efficiency of their acquisition by crops. Ionomic analyses of maize seedlings fed with five different mixes of urea and ammonium indicated that after 7 days of treatment, the elemental composition of plant tissues was more influenced by ammonium in the nutrient solution than by urea. Within 24 h, similar high affinity influx rates of ammonium were measured in ammonium-treated seedlings, independently from the amount of the cation present in the nutrient solution (from 0.5 to 2.0 mM N), and it was confirmed by the similar accumulation of
15 N derived from ammonium source. After 7 days, some changes in ammonium acquisition occurred among treatments, with the highest ammonium uptake efficiency when the urea-to-ammonium ratio was 3:1. Gene expression analyses of enzymes and transporters involved in N nutrition highlight a preferential induction of the cytosolic N-assimilatory pathway (via GS, ASNS) when both urea and ammonium were supplied in conjunction, this response might explain the higher N-acquisition efficiency when both sources are applied. In conclusion, this study provides new insights on plant responses to mixes of N sources that maximize the N-uptake efficiency by crops and thus could allow to adapt agronomic practices in order to limit the economic and environmental impact of N-fertilization., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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36. Responses of hydroponically grown maize to various urea to ammonium ratios: physiological and molecular data.
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Buoso S, Tomasi N, Said-Pullicino D, Arkoun M, Yvin JC, Pinton R, and Zanin L
- Abstract
To date urea and ammonium are two nitrogen (N) forms widely used in agriculture. Due to a low production cost, urea is the N form most applied in agriculture. However, its stability in the soil depends on the activity of microbial ureases, that operate the hydrolysis of urea into ammonium. In the soil ammonium is subjected to fast volatilization in form of ammonia, an environmental N loss that contributes to the atmospheric pollution and impacts on farm economies. Based on these considerations, the optimization of N fertilization is useful in order to maximize N acquired by crops and at the same time limit N losses in the environment. The use of mixed nitrogen forms in cultivated soils allows to have urea and ammonium simultaneously available for the root acquisition after a fertilization event. A combination of different N-sources is known to lead to positive effects on the nutritional status of crops. It is plausible suppose that N acquisition mechanisms in plants might be responsive to N forms available in the root external solution, and therefore indicate a cross connection among different N forms, such as urea and ammonium. This DIB article provides details about the elemental composition and transcriptional changes occurring in maize seedlings when ammonium and urea mixture is applied to nutrient solution. An extensive and complete characterization of seedling response to urea and ammonium treatments is shown in the research article "Characterization of physiological and molecular responses of Zea mays seedlings to different urea-ammonium ratios" Buoso et al. [1]. Maize seedlings were grown under hydroponic system with N applied to nutrient solution in form of urea and or ammonium, hence five different urea (U) to ammonium (A) ratios were tested (100U, 75U:25A, 50U:50A, 25U:75A, 100A). As control maize were fed with nitrate as sole N source, or were maintained in N deficiency (-N). After 1 or 7 days of N-treatment, maize seedlings were collected, and physiological and transcriptional analyses were performed on maize roots. Depending on nutritional treatment, no significant changes in seedling biomass were observed comparing N treatments. At both sampling times, an overall higher N accumulation in shoots and roots were detected when the inorganic N sources were applied to nutrient solutions (as ammonium or nitrate).
15 N experiments indicated that in comparison to -N seedlings, urea fed seedlings showed an increase of N accumulation and data showed that ureic-N was taken up by seedlings in lower amounts than inorganic N-forms. Through EA-IRMS, ICP-OES and ICP-MS a multielemental composition of maize tissues was performed as well as gene expression analyses by Real-time RT-PCR that allowed to monitor the expression profile of genes most involved in urea and ammonium nutritional pathways., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have or could be perceived to have influenced the work reported in this article., (© 2021 The Authors.)- Published
- 2021
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37. Biostimulant Action of Dissolved Humic Substances From a Conventionally and an Organically Managed Soil on Nitrate Acquisition in Maize Plants.
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Vujinović T, Zanin L, Venuti S, Contin M, Ceccon P, Tomasi N, Pinton R, Cesco S, and De Nobili M
- Abstract
Conversion of conventional farming (CF) to organic farming (OF) is claimed to allow a sustainable management of soil resources, but information on changes induced on dissolved organic matter (DOM) are scarce. Among DOM components, dissolved humic substances (DHS) were shown to possess stimulatory effects on plant growth. DHS were isolated from CF and OF soil leacheates collected from soil monolith columns: first in November (bare soils) and then in April and June (bare and planted soils). DHS caused an enhancement of nitrate uptake rates in maize roots and modulated several genes involved in nitrogen acquisition. The DHS from OF soil exerted a stronger biostimulant action on the nitrate uptake system, but the first assimilatory step of nitrate was mainly activated by DHS derived from CF soil. To validate the physiological response of plants to DHS exposure, real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed on those genes most involved in nitrate acquisition, such as ZmNRT2.1 , ZmNRT2.2 , ZmMHA2 (coding for two high-affinity nitrate transporters and a PM H
+ -proton pump), ZmNADH:NR , ZmNADPH:NR , and ZmNiR (coding for nitrate reductases and nitrite reductase). All tested DHS fractions induced the upregulation of nitrate reductase (NR), and in particular the OF2 DHS stimulated the expression of both tested transcripts encoding for two NR isoforms. Characteristics of DHS varied during the experiment in both OF and CF soils: a decrease of high molecular weight fractions in the OF soil, a general increase in the carboxylic groups content, as well as diverse structural modifications in OF vs. CF soils were observed. These changes were accelerated in planted soils. Similarity of chemical properties of DHS with the more easily obtainable water-soluble humic substance extracted from peat (WEHS) and the correspondence of their biostimulant actions confirm the validity of studies which employ WEHS as an easily available source of DHS to investigate biostimulant actions on agricultural crops., (Copyright © 2020 Vujinović, Zanin, Venuti, Contin, Ceccon, Tomasi, Pinton, Cesco and De Nobili.)- Published
- 2020
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38. Transgenerational Response to Nitrogen Deprivation in Arabidopsis thaliana .
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Massaro M, De Paoli E, Tomasi N, Morgante M, Pinton R, and Zanin L
- Subjects
- Arabidopsis genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Ontology, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Nitrates metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Time Factors, Arabidopsis physiology, Nitrogen deficiency
- Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the major stresses that crops are exposed to. It is plausible to suppose that a stress condition can induce a memory in plants that might prime the following generations. Here, an experimental setup that considered four successive generations of N-sufficient and N-limited Arabidopsis was used to evaluate the existence of a transgenerational memory. The results demonstrated that the ability to take up high amounts of nitrate is induced more quickly as a result of multigenerational stress exposure. This behavior was paralleled by changes in the expression of nitrate responsive genes. RNAseq analyses revealed the enduring modulation of genes in downstream generations, despite the lack of stress stimulus in these plants. The modulation of signaling and transcription factors, such as NIGTs , NFYA and CIPK23 might indicate that there is a complex network operating to maintain the expression of N-responsive genes, such as NRT2.1 , NIA1 and NIR . This behavior indicates a rapid acclimation of plants to changes in N availability. Indeed, when fourth generation plants were exposed to N limitation, they showed a rapid induction of N-deficiency responses. This suggests the possible involvement of a transgenerational memory in Arabidopsis that allows plants to adapt efficiently to the environment and this gives an edge to the next generation that presumably will grow in similar stressful conditions.
- Published
- 2019
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39. Common and specific responses to iron and phosphorus deficiencies in roots of apple tree (Malus × domestica).
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Valentinuzzi F, Venuti S, Pii Y, Marroni F, Cesco S, Hartmann F, Mimmo T, Morgante M, Pinton R, Tomasi N, and Zanin L
- Subjects
- Biological Transport, Gene Expression Profiling, Homeostasis, Iron metabolism, Malus genetics, Phosphorus metabolism, Plant Exudates metabolism, Plant Leaves genetics, Plant Leaves physiology, Plant Roots genetics, Plant Roots physiology, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Iron Deficiencies, Malus physiology, Phosphorus deficiency, Transcriptome
- Abstract
Iron and phosphorus are abundant elements in soils but poorly available for plant nutrition. The availability of these two nutrients represents a major constraint for fruit tree cultivation such as apple (Malus × domestica) leading very often to a decrease of fruit productivity and quality worsening. Aim of this study was to characterize common and specific features of plant response to Fe and P deficiencies by ionomic, transcriptomic and exudation profiling of apple roots. Under P deficiency, the root release of oxalate and flavonoids increased. Genes encoding for transcription factors and transporters involved in the synthesis and release of root exudates were upregulated by P-deficient roots, as well as those directly related to P acquisition. In Fe-deficiency, plants showed an over-accumulation of P, Zn, Cu and Mn and induced the transcription of those genes involved in the mechanisms for the release of Fe-chelating compounds and Fe mobilization inside the plants. The intriguing modulation in roots of some transcription factors, might indicate that, in this condition, Fe homeostasis is regulated by a FIT-independent pathway. In the present work common and specific features of apple response to Fe and P deficiency has been reported. In particular, data indicate similar modulation of a. 230 genes, suggesting the occurrence of a crosstalk between the two nutritional responses involving the transcriptional regulation, shikimate pathway, and the root release of exudates.
- Published
- 2019
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40. Physiological and transcriptomic data highlight common features between iron and phosphorus acquisition mechanisms in white lupin roots.
- Author
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Venuti S, Zanin L, Marroni F, Franco A, Morgante M, Pinton R, and Tomasi N
- Subjects
- Acid Phosphatase metabolism, FMN Reductase metabolism, Genes, Plant physiology, Iron Deficiencies, Lupinus genetics, Lupinus physiology, Phosphorus deficiency, Plant Roots physiology, Rhizosphere, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Transcriptome, Iron metabolism, Lupinus metabolism, Phosphorus metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism
- Abstract
In agricultural soil, the bioavailability of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) is often below the plant's requirement causing nutritional deficiency in crops. Under P-limiting conditions, white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) activates mechanisms that promote P solubility in the soil through morphological, physiological and molecular adaptations. Similar changes occur also in Fe-deficient white lupin roots; however, no information is available on the molecular bases of the response. In the present work, responses to Fe and P deficiency and their reciprocal interactions were studied. Transcriptomic analyses indicated that white lupin roots upregulated Fe-responsive genes ascribable to Strategy-I response, this behaviour was mainly evident in cluster roots. The upregulation of some components of Fe-acquisition mechanism occurred also in P-deficient cluster roots. Concerning P acquisition, some P-responsive genes (as phosphate transporters and transcription factors) were upregulated by P deficiency as well by Fe deficiency. These data indicate a strong cross-connection between the responses activated under Fe or P deficiency in white lupin. The activation of Fe- and P-acquisition mechanisms might play a crucial role to enhance the plant's capability to mobilize both nutrients in the rhizosphere, especially P from its associated metal cations., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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41. Physiological and RNA sequencing data of white lupin plants grown under Fe and P deficiency.
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Zanin L, Venuti S, Marroni F, Franco A, Morgante M, Pinton R, and Tomasi N
- Abstract
This DIB article provides details about transcriptional and physiological response of Fe- and P-deficient white lupin roots, an extensive and complete description of plant response is shown in the research article "Physiological and transcriptomic data highlight common features between iron and phosphorus acquisition mechanisms in white lupin roots" Venuti et al. [1]. White lupin plants were grown under hydroponic system and three different nutritional regimes: Fe deficiency (-Fe), P deficiency (-P), or Fe and P sufficiency (+P + Fe). Depending on nutritional treatment, white lupin plants showed changes in the fresh weights, in root external acidification and Fe
III -reductase activity. Moreover, the transcriptomic changes occurring in apices and clusters of Fe-deficient lupin roots were investigated and compared with differences of gene expression occurring in P-deficient plants (-P) and in Fe- and P-sufficient plants (+P + Fe). Transcriptomic data are available in the public repository Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) under the series entry (GSE112220). The annotation, mapping and enrichment analyses of differentially modulated transcripts were assessed.- Published
- 2019
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42. Humic Substances Contribute to Plant Iron Nutrition Acting as Chelators and Biostimulants.
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Zanin L, Tomasi N, Cesco S, Varanini Z, and Pinton R
- Abstract
Improvement of plant iron nutrition as a consequence of metal complexation by humic substances (HS) extracted from different sources has been widely reported. The presence of humified fractions of the organic matter in soil sediments and solutions would contribute, depending on the solubility and the molecular size of HS, to build up a reservoir of Fe available for plants which exude metal ligands and to provide Fe-HS complexes directly usable by plant Fe uptake mechanisms. It has also been shown that HS can promote the physiological mechanisms involved in Fe acquisition acting at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. Furthermore, the distribution and allocation of Fe within the plant could be modified when plants were supplied with water soluble Fe-HS complexes as compared with other natural or synthetic chelates. These effects are in line with previous observations showing that treatments with HS were able to induce changes in root morphology and modulate plant membrane activities related to nutrient acquisition, pathways of primary and secondary metabolism, hormonal and reactive oxygen balance. The multifaceted action of HS indicates that soluble Fe-HS complexes, either naturally present in the soil or exogenously supplied to the plants, can promote Fe acquisition in a complex way by providing a readily available iron form in the rhizosphere and by directly affecting plant physiology. Furthermore, the possibility to use Fe-HS of different sources, size and solubility may be considered as an environmental-friendly tool for Fe fertilization of crops.
- Published
- 2019
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43. Transcriptional and physiological analyses of Fe deficiency response in maize reveal the presence of Strategy I components and Fe/P interactions.
- Author
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Zanin L, Venuti S, Zamboni A, Varanini Z, Tomasi N, and Pinton R
- Subjects
- Ferric Compounds chemistry, Ferric Compounds metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Iron chemistry, Iron metabolism, Phenotype, Plant Roots genetics, Plant Roots metabolism, Solubility, Gene Expression Profiling, Iron Deficiencies, Phosphates metabolism, Transcriptome, Zea mays genetics, Zea mays metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Under limited iron (Fe) availability maize, a Strategy II plant, improves Fe acquisition through the release of phytosiderophores (PS) into the rhizosphere and the subsequent uptake of Fe-PS complexes into root cells. Occurrence of Strategy-I-like components and interactions with phosphorous (P) nutrition has been hypothesized based on molecular and physiological studies in grasses., Results: In this report transcriptomic analysis (NimbleGen microarray) of Fe deficiency response revealed that maize roots modulated the expression levels of 724 genes (508 up- and 216 down-regulated, respectively). As expected, roots of Fe-deficient maize plants overexpressed genes involved in the synthesis and release of 2'-deoxymugineic acid (the main PS released by maize roots). A strong modulation of genes involved in regulatory aspects, Fe translocation, root morphological modification, primary metabolic pathways and hormonal metabolism was induced by the nutritional stress. Genes encoding transporters for Fe
2+ (ZmNRAMP1) and P (ZmPHT1;7 and ZmPHO1) were also up-regulated under Fe deficiency. Fe-deficient maize plants accumulated higher amounts of P than the Fe-sufficient ones, both in roots and shoots. The supply of 1 μM59 Fe, as soluble (Fe-Citrate and Fe-PS) or sparingly soluble (Ferrihydrite) sources to deficient plants, caused a rapid down-regulation of genes coding for PS and Fe(III)-PS transport, as well as of ZmNRAMP1 and ZmPHT1;7. Levels of32 P absorption essentially followed the rates of59 Fe uptake in Fe-deficient plants during Fe resupply, suggesting that P accumulation might be regulated by Fe uptake in maize plants., Conclusions: The transcriptional response to Fe-deficiency in maize roots confirmed the modulation of known genes involved in the Strategy II and revealed the presence of Strategy I components usually described in dicots. Moreover, data here presented provide evidence of a close relationship between two essential nutrients for plants, Fe and P, and highlight a key role played by Fe and P transporters to preserve the homeostasis of these two nutrients in maize plants.- Published
- 2017
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44. Copper accumulation in vineyard soils: Rhizosphere processes and agronomic practices to limit its toxicity.
- Author
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Brunetto G, Bastos de Melo GW, Terzano R, Del Buono D, Astolfi S, Tomasi N, Pii Y, Mimmo T, and Cesco S
- Subjects
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Farms, Plant Roots chemistry, Soil Pollutants analysis, Agriculture, Copper toxicity, Fungicides, Industrial toxicity, Rhizosphere, Soil chemistry, Soil Pollutants toxicity
- Abstract
Viticulture represents an important agricultural practice in many countries worldwide. Yet, the continuous use of fungicides has caused copper (Cu) accumulation in soils, which represent a major environmental and toxicological concern. Despite being an important micronutrient, Cu can be a potential toxicant at high concentrations since it may cause morphological, anatomical and physiological changes in plants, decreasing both food productivity and quality. Rhizosphere processes can, however, actively control the uptake and translocation of Cu in plants. In particular, root exudates affecting the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the rhizosphere, might reduce the availability of Cu in the soil and hence its absorption. In addition, this review will aim at discussing the advantages and disadvantages of agronomic practices, such as liming, the use of pesticides, the application of organic matter, biochar and coal fly ashes, the inoculation with bacteria and/or mycorrhizal fungi and the intercropping, in alleviating Cu toxicity symptoms., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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45. Short-Term Treatment with the Urease Inhibitor N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) Alters Urea Assimilation and Modulates Transcriptional Profiles of Genes Involved in Primary and Secondary Metabolism in Maize Seedlings.
- Author
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Zanin L, Venuti S, Tomasi N, Zamboni A, De Brito Francisco RM, Varanini Z, and Pinton R
- Abstract
To limit nitrogen (N) losses from the soil, it has been suggested to provide urea to crops in conjunction with the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). However, recent studies reported that NBPT affects urea uptake and urease activity in plants. To shed light on these latter aspects, the effects of NBPT were studied analysing transcriptomic and metabolic changes occurring in urea-fed maize seedlings after a short-term exposure to the inhibitor. We provide evidence that NBPT treatment led to a wide reprogramming of plant metabolism. NBPT inhibited the activity of endogenous urease limiting the release and assimilation of ureic-ammonium, with a simultaneous accumulation of urea in plant tissues. Furthermore, NBPT determined changes in the glutamine, glutamate, and asparagine contents. Microarray data indicate that NBPT affects ureic-N assimilation and primary metabolism, such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, and electron transport chain, while activates the phenylalanine/tyrosine-derivative pathway. Moreover, the expression of genes relating to the transport and complexation of divalent metals was strongly modulated by NBPT. Data here presented suggest that when NBPT is provided in conjunction with urea an imbalance between C and N compounds might occur in plant cells. Under this condition, root cells also seem to activate a response to maintain the homeostasis of some micronutrients.
- Published
- 2016
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46. Early transcriptomic response to Fe supply in Fe-deficient tomato plants is strongly influenced by the nature of the chelating agent.
- Author
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Zamboni A, Zanin L, Tomasi N, Avesani L, Pinton R, Varanini Z, and Cesco S
- Subjects
- Chelating Agents chemistry, Ferric Compounds chemistry, Iron chemistry, Iron metabolism, Ligands, Solanum lycopersicum drug effects, Solanum lycopersicum growth & development, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Roots drug effects, Siderophores chemistry, Ferric Compounds pharmacology, Solanum lycopersicum genetics, Plant Proteins biosynthesis, Plant Roots genetics
- Abstract
Background: It is well known that in the rhizosphere soluble Fe sources available for plants are mainly represented by a mixture of complexes between the micronutrient and organic ligands such as carboxylates and phytosiderophores (PS) released by roots, as well as fractions of humified organic matter. The use by roots of these three natural Fe sources (Fe-citrate, Fe-PS and Fe complexed to water-extractable humic substances, Fe-WEHS) have been already studied at physiological level but the knowledge about the transcriptomic aspects is still lacking., Results: The (59)Fe concentration recorded after 24 h in tissues of tomato Fe-deficient plants supplied with (59)Fe complexed to WEHS reached values about 2 times higher than those measured in response to the supply with Fe-citrate and Fe-PS. However, after 1 h no differences among the three Fe-chelates were observed considering the (59)Fe concentration and the root Fe(III) reduction activity. A large-scale transcriptional analysis of root tissue after 1 h of Fe supply showed that Fe-WEHS modulated only two transcripts leaving the transcriptome substantially identical to Fe-deficient plants. On the other hand, Fe-citrate and Fe-PS affected 728 and 408 transcripts, respectively, having 289 a similar transcriptional behaviour in response to both Fe sources., Conclusions: The root transcriptional response to the Fe supply depends on the nature of chelating agents (WEHS, citrate and PS). The supply of Fe-citrate and Fe-PS showed not only a fast back regulation of molecular mechanisms modulated by Fe deficiency but also specific responses due to the uptake of the chelating molecule. Plants fed with Fe-WEHS did not show relevant changes in the root transcriptome with respect to the Fe-deficient plants, indicating that roots did not sense the restored cellular Fe accumulation.
- Published
- 2016
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47. Molecular and physiological interactions of urea and nitrate uptake in plants.
- Author
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Pinton R, Tomasi N, and Zanin L
- Subjects
- Models, Biological, Plants genetics, Soil, Transcription, Genetic, Nitrates metabolism, Plants metabolism, Urea metabolism
- Abstract
While nitrate acquisition has been extensively studied, less information is available on transport systems of urea. Furthermore, the reciprocal influence of the two sources has not been clarified, so far. In this review, we will discuss recent developments on plant response to urea and nitrate nutrition. Experimental evidence suggests that, when urea and nitrate are available in the external solution, the induction of the uptake systems of each nitrogen (N) source is limited, while plant growth and N utilization is promoted. This physiological behavior might reflect cooperation among acquisition processes, where the activation of different N assimilatory pathways (cytosolic and plastidic pathways), allow a better control on the nutrient uptake. Based on physiological and molecular evidence, plants might increase (N) metabolism promoting a more efficient assimilation of taken-up nitrogen. The beneficial effect of urea and nitrate nutrition might contribute to develop new agronomical approaches to increase the (N) use efficiency in crops.
- Published
- 2016
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48. The Urease Inhibitor NBPT Negatively Affects DUR3-mediated Uptake and Assimilation of Urea in Maize Roots.
- Author
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Zanin L, Tomasi N, Zamboni A, Varanini Z, and Pinton R
- Abstract
Despite the widespread use of urease inhibitors in agriculture, little information is available on their effect on nitrogen (N) uptake and assimilation. Aim of this work was to study, at physiological and transcriptional level, the effects of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on urea nutrition in hydroponically grown maize plants. Presence of NBPT in the nutrient solution limited the capacity of plants to utilize urea as a N-source; this was shown by a decrease in urea uptake rate and (15)N accumulation. Noteworthy, these negative effects were evident only when plants were fed with urea, as NBPT did not alter (15)N accumulation in nitrate-fed plants. NBPT also impaired the growth of Arabidopsis plants when urea was used as N-source, while having no effect on plants grown with nitrate or ammonium. This response was related, at least in part, to a direct effect of NBPT on the high affinity urea transport system. Impact of NBPT on urea uptake was further evaluated using lines of Arabidopsis overexpressing ZmDUR3 and dur3-knockout; results suggest that not only transport but also urea assimilation could be compromised by the inhibitor. This hypothesis was reinforced by an over-accumulation of urea and a decrease in ammonium concentration in NBPT-treated plants. Furthermore, transcriptional analyses showed that in maize roots NBPT treatment severely impaired the expression of genes involved in the cytosolic pathway of ureic-N assimilation and ammonium transport. NBPT also limited the expression of a gene coding for a transcription factor highly induced by urea and possibly playing a crucial role in the regulation of its acquisition. This work provides evidence that NBPT can heavily interfere with urea nutrition in maize plants, limiting influx as well as the following assimilation pathway.
- Published
- 2015
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49. Iron allocation in leaves of Fe-deficient cucumber plants fed with natural Fe complexes.
- Author
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Zanin L, Tomasi N, Rizzardo C, Gottardi S, Terzano R, Alfeld M, Janssens K, De Nobili M, Mimmo T, and Cesco S
- Subjects
- Humic Substances, In Situ Hybridization, Iron administration & dosage, Iron Radioisotopes, Siderophores, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Synchrotrons, Cucumis sativus metabolism, Fertilizers, Iron Deficiencies, Plant Leaves metabolism
- Abstract
Iron (Fe) sources available for plants in the rhizospheric solution are mainly a mixture of complexes between Fe and organic ligands, including phytosiderophores (PS) and water-extractable humic substances (WEHS). In comparison with the other Fe sources, Fe-WEHS are more efficiently used by plants, and experimental evidences show that Fe translocation contributes to this better response. On the other hand, very little is known on the mechanisms involved in Fe allocation in leaves. In this work, physiological and molecular processes involved in Fe distribution in leaves of Fe-deficient Cucumis sativus supplied with Fe-PS or Fe-WEHS up to 5 days were studied combining different techniques, such as radiochemical experiments, synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization. In Fe-WEHS-fed plants, Fe was rapidly (1 day) allocated into the leaf veins, and after 5 days, Fe was completely transferred into interveinal cells; moreover, the amount of accumulated Fe was much higher than with Fe-PS. This redistribution in Fe-WEHS plants was associated with an upregulation of genes encoding a ferric(III) -chelate reductase (FRO), a Fe(2+) transporter (IRT1) and a natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP). The localization of FRO and IRT1 transcripts next to the midveins, beside that of NRAMP in the interveinal area, may suggest a rapid and efficient response induced by the presence of Fe-WEHS in the extra-radical solution for the allocation in leaves of high amounts of Fe. In conclusion, Fe is more efficiently used when chelated to WEHS than PS and seems to involve Fe distribution and gene regulation of Fe acquisition mechanisms operating in leaves., (© 2014 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Transcriptomic analysis highlights reciprocal interactions of urea and nitrate for nitrogen acquisition by maize roots.
- Author
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Zanin L, Zamboni A, Monte R, Tomasi N, Varanini Z, Cesco S, and Pinton R
- Subjects
- Biological Transport drug effects, Biological Transport genetics, Biomass, Down-Regulation drug effects, Down-Regulation genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant drug effects, Genes, Plant, Nitrates pharmacology, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Plant Roots genetics, Plant Roots metabolism, Plant Shoots drug effects, Plant Shoots metabolism, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transcription, Genetic drug effects, Transcriptome drug effects, Up-Regulation drug effects, Up-Regulation genetics, Urea pharmacology, Zea mays drug effects, Nitrates metabolism, Nitrogen metabolism, Transcriptome genetics, Urea metabolism, Zea mays genetics
- Abstract
Even though urea and nitrate are the two major nitrogen (N) forms applied as fertilizers in agriculture and occur concomitantly in soils, the reciprocal influence of these two N sources on the mechanisms of their acquisition are poorly understood. Therefore, molecular and physiological aspects of urea and nitrate uptake were investigated in maize (Zea mays), a crop plant consuming high amounts of N. In roots, urea uptake was stimulated by the presence of urea in the external solution, indicating the presence of an inducible transport system. On the other hand, the presence of nitrate depressed the induction of urea uptake and, at the same time, the induction of nitrate uptake was depressed by the presence of urea. The expression of about 60,000 transcripts of maize in roots was monitored by microarray analyses and the transcriptional patterns of those genes involved in nitrogen acquisition were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). In comparison with the treatment without added N, the exposure of maize roots to urea modulated the expression of only very few genes, such as asparagine synthase. On the other hand, the concomitant presence of urea and nitrate enhanced the overexpression of genes involved in nitrate transport (NRT2) and assimilation (nitrate and nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase 2), and a specific response of 41 transcripts was determined, including glutamine synthetase 1-5, glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase, shikimate kinase and arogenate dehydrogenase. Also based on the real-time RT-PCR analysis, the transcriptional modulation induced by both sources might determine an increase in N metabolism promoting a more efficient assimilation of the N that is taken up., (© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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