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Ultrasound elastography is a simple non-invasive method for measuring tissue elasticity in relation to tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare echogenicity, volume and shear wave velocities of undescended vs normally descended testes.

Objectives: To determine whether idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) may affect white matter integrity and optic pathways by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to correlate the DTI metrics with intracranial pressure (ICP). Methods: This study is a retrospective case–control study. A total of 42 patients who underwent lumbar puncture and those with elevated ICP, meeting the diagnostic criteria for IIH, were included in the study. All patients had supportive magnetic resonance imaging findings for the diagnosis of IIH. The headache control group comprised 36 patients who presented to the Neurology Department with infrequent episodic tension‐type headache, had a normal neurologic examination, and had clinical and radiological findings suggestive of normal ICP. For each patient with IIH, clinical findings and ophthalmological measurements were recorded. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values were calculated using a region of interest‐based method in different white matter tracts and optic pathways and compared. Results: A total of 42 patients diagnosed with IIH (three males, 39 females), with a mean (standard deviation [SD] age of 38.1 (8.9) years), and 36 headache controls (10 males, 26 females, mean [SD] age; 38.1 [9.4] years) were included in the study. The mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) of the patients with IIH was 25.2 (1.9) kg/m2, and the mean (SD) BMI of the headache controls was 23.3 (1.5) kg/m2 (p < 0.001). Decreased FA values and increased RD values in the cingulum were detected in patients with IIH compared to the headache controls (p = 0.003, Cohen's d = 0.681; p = 0.002 Cohen's d = −0.710). Decreased AD values in the left and right superior cerebellar peduncle and increased ADC values in the middle cerebellar peduncle were detected in patients with IIH compared to the headache controls (p < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.961; p = 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.607; p = 0.015, Cohen's d = −0.564). Increased ADC and RD values and decreased FA values in optic nerve were detected in patients with IIH (p = 0.010, Cohen's d = −0.603; p = 0.004, Cohen's d = −0.676; p = 0.015 Cohen's d = 0.568). A positive correlation was found between the cerebrospinal fluid pressure and ADC values of the left and right superior and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of the corpus callosum, and right optic radiation (r = 0.43, p = 0.005; r = 0.31, p = 0.044; r = 0.39, p = 0.010; r = 0.35, p = 0.024; r = 0,41, p = 0.007). There was a positive correlation between the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and the ADC values of the optic nerve (r = 0.32, p = 0.039). Conclusions: Intracranial hypertension can be associated with deteriorated DTI values, which might be interpreted as a sign of impaired white matter microstructural integrity in many brain regions beyond the periventricular white matter. Pressure‐induced edema and axonal degeneration may be the potential underlying mechanisms of this microstructural damage. Plain Language Summary: Females of reproductive age with obesity are disproportionately affected by idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), and the incidence of this diagnosis is increasing along with the prevalence of obesity. We do not yet understand how IIH develops, but dysregulation of intracranial pressure is an important area of research interest, so we hypothesized that increased intracranial pressure may affect white matter microstructure and optic pathways in patients with IIH. Using data from a specialized imaging technique, we found that patients with IIH may have impaired white matter microstructural integrity in several areas of the brain and microstructural alterations in the optic nerve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the restoration of the natural hip biomechanics, a successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) and long-term survival is pursued. Although robotic THA (rTHA) has been developed to increase accuracy of implant positioning, leg lengths and offsets, discussions about its radiological and clinical advantages over conventional THA (cTHA) continues. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of robotic and conventional THA. METHODS: This retrospective study compares functional and radiological outcomes of 82 rTHA with a matched group of 82 cTHA in terms of age, sex, body mass index and preoperative functional scores. The minimum follow up was 12 months for all patients. Functional outcomes were Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Radiological evaluations included position of cup placement according to Lewinnek and Callanan safe zones, Canal Fill Ratio (CFR), Leg Length Discrepancy (LLD), Lateral offset (LO) and Femoral Component Alignment (FCA). Complications were also evaluated. RESULTS: In the rTHA group, 91.5% (75 out of 82) of the acetabular cups were positioned within the safe zone whereas it was 63.4% (52 out of 82) for the cTHA group (p < 0.001). According to Callanan, they were 84.1% and 50%, respectively (p < 0.001). Between the groups, no statistically significant difference was found in CFR, LLD, HO, FCA, AI, AA, WOMAC, HHS and major complication rates. CONCLUSION: rTHA is superior to cTHA in terms of accuracy and reproducibility of the cup placement, however no apparent clinical benefit was found in short term follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraoperative consultation (IC) is often used for surgical planning in gynecological oncology, primarily in ovarian and endometrial cancer surgery. However, there is limited research that compares IC diagnoses and results from definitive analyses. This retrospective study compares IC results and definitive analysis findings in terms of ovarian mass diagnoses and endometrial carcinoma patients consulted for myometrial invasion (MI) depth across 7 years (2012-2019). IC was performed in 282 cases to evaluate ovarian masses. The sensitivity of IC was 94% for benign ovarian masses and 90% for malignant ovarian masses. 92 cases were submitted to IC for endometrial carcinoma. Sensitivity was 80% for tumors with <50% MI and 74% for tumors with ≥50% MI. IC is an important method with high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing ovarian masses and determining MI depth in endometrial carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate whether the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters alterations in the in hypoxia‐related neuroanatomical localizations in patients after COVID‐19. Additionally, the relationship between DTI findings and the clinical severity of the disease is evaluated. Methods: The patients with COVID‐19 were classified into group 1 (total patients, n = 74), group 2 (outpatient, n = 46), and group 3 (inpatient, n = 28) and control (n = 52). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated from the bulbus, pons, thalamus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidum, putamen, and hippocampus. DTI parameters were compared between groups. Oxygen saturation, D dimer and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values associated with hypoxia were analyzed in inpatient group. Laboratory findings were correlated with ADC and FA values. Results: Increased ADC values in the thalamus, bulbus and pons were found in group 1 compared to control. Increased FA values in the thalamus, bulbus, globus pallidum and putamen were detected in group 1 compared to control. The FA and ADC values obtained from putamen were higher in group 3 compared to group 2. There was a negative correlation between basal ganglia and hippocampus FA values and plasma LDH values. The ADC values obtained from caudate nucleus were positively correlated with plasma D Dimer values. Conclusion: ADC and FA changes may reveal hypoxia‐related microstructural damage after COVID‐19 infection. We speculated that the brainstem and basal ganglia can affected during the subacute period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the effects of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) on the brain's white matter and optic nerve, highlighting changes associated with increased pressure inside the skull. Topics include diffusion tensor imaging techniques, the relationship between increased intracranial pressure and brain damage, and the potential for improved treatment strategies for IIH.