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Optimal management of burns begins with first aid from the first hours of injury. Adequate knowledge of how to perform first aid for burns can reduce the consequences of injury. Therefore, this study aims to determine the knowledge, attitude, and sources of information assessment towards burn First aid among people referred to a burn centre in the north of Iran. A questionnaire‐based survey was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude, and sources of information towards burn first aid among people referred to a burn centre in the north of Iran in 2023. In this survey, a convenience sampling method was adopted. The variables consisted of four items on socio‐demographic information, 15 items on knowledge, ten items on attitude, and one item on sources of information related to burn First aid. A total of 371 individuals responded to the survey. The mean age of participants was 31.90 ± 8.49 years old. The mean score of the total knowledge of the participants in the research was 6.04 ± 3.05. There was a statistically significant relationship between the variables of age, sex, marital status, place of residence, level of education, and history of receiving first aid training with the participants' knowledge level. The average score of the total attitude of the participants was 44.08 ± 3.88. Out of 371 participants, 214 people (57.7%) had an average attitude, and 157 people (42.3%) had a good attitude towards burn first aid. There was a statistically significant relationship between place of residence, level of education, and history of receiving first aid training with the participants' attitudes in the research. In addition, the level of knowledge had a statistically significant relationship with the participants' attitude level in the research (p‐value <0.001). The majority of participants have limited knowledge of burn first aid. This lack of knowledge could lead to severe consequences. Therefore, healthcare organizations should review and promote consistent guidelines for burn first aid to tackle and minimize the effect of this grave injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cleft lip and palate is the most common congenital craniofacial malformation which leads to decreased nostril width and columella height, downward malposition of alar base and outward cavity of alar edge in addition to nose deformity. The best treatment is surgical repair which is preferred at the third month of life for infants with cleft lip. Main post-surgical complications include unpleasant suture line scar and unresolved nasal deformities. There is a direct relationship between increased size of cleft lip, increased tension and severity of scars. One of the helpful measures to take before surgery is Nasoalveolar Molding (NAM) which leads to better outcomes in terms of beauty and complications by decreasing the cleft size and tension and improved shape of nose. This study aimed at studying the effects of NAM on outcomes of cleft lip and palate repair surgery. The study sample size included all patients with cleft lip and palate operated by one same surgeon and the same technique (Millard) with presurgical NAM (PNAM) approach. The outcomes of this approach were compared with a control group with the same sample size and severity of disease operated by the same surgeon using a similar technique, Millard, but without PNAM. Complications based on medical records and beauty outcomes were classified into 5 main criteria by three skilled plastic surgeons including surgical scar, vermilion position, alar rim shape, nostril width and collumela height based on pre and post surgical photographies without knowing patient groups were classified from 5 to 50 scores. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 21). Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the complications of both groups and the scores of beauty, respectively. To determine the correlation between beauty score and severity of the cleft and beginning age of NAM and surgery age, Pearson Correlation Coefficient was employed. Significance level was considered P<0.05. Out of 34 patients operated with PNAM (first group), 9 patients were excluded due to different reasons. Of the 25 patients, there were 16 unilateral and 9 bilateral clefts in each group. There were 17 and 16 male patients in first and second group, respectively. The first group had no second surgery in less than one year. While 12% of the second group had second surgery in less than one year but this difference was not significant. Except one case of oronasal fistula in the first group which improved without surgery, no other complications were observed. Mean and standard deviation of the total score of beauty in the first group equaled 40.76 ± 3.66 which was higher than the second group with 33.3 ± 3.23. In each of the beauty criteria, NAM group scores were higher than the second group which were statistically significant except in vermillion with P=0.059. Parents' consent was significantly higher in the first than the other group. Individual beauty scores of boys and girls were very similar in both groups. Total beauty score decreases as the beginning age of MNA increases, R= -0.13 (correlation coefficient) which is not significant. Also, with increased age at time of operation, the beauty score decreases, R= - 0.15 versus. R=-0.09. None of them were statistically significant. Considering few post-surgical complications and outcomes in terms of beauty in NAM users, it seems that PNAM especially in severe cases of cleft lip and palate is appropriate and sensible. The sooner the appliance of NAM, the better the outcomes would be. Cleft lip and palate, nose and alveolus molding before surgery, cleft lip and palate repair, surgery complications, beauty score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Advances in the care of burn injuries have resulted from the efforts of regional patient-based specialist teams at burn care centers. Objectives: We conducted this study to assess the four-year epidemiology of burn injuries in Rasht, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, medical records of 2274 burn patients, treated at Velayat hospital from January 2007 to December 2010 in Rasht, Iran, were assessed. Age, sex, level of education, occupation, severity and degree of burn, burn surface area, burn cause and outcome of patients were evaluated. Results: In our study the overall mortality rate was 8.7%; 65.7% of patients were men and 34.3% were women. Mean age of patients was 31.47 ± 22.67 years. Mean Total Burn Surface Area (TBSA) was 15.24 ± 18.4. Lowest TBSA was 0.5% and highest TBSA was 100%. Significant associations were observed between age (P = 0.0001), place of residence (P = 0.004), level of education (P = 0.0001), unemployment (P = 0.0001), marital status (P = 0.021), causes of burn (P = 0.0001), TBSA (P = 0.0001) and mortality rate. In our study, no significant difference was observed between age and sex (P = 0.071). Conclusions: Due to high prevalence of burn injuries in Iran, increasing the level of awareness of the society as well as adhering to safety procedures both at home and workplace is recommended via implementing effective national safety policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]