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With the transition to sustainable energy and the desire to reduce carbon emissions, hydrogen is becoming one of the key energy carriers of the future. Hydrogen has great potential as a clean energy source, especially in the context of the transport sector and power generation. However, its high volatility and low energy density under normal conditions make it difficult to store and transport. One of the most cost-effective ways to store hydrogen is its underground storage. Underground storage of hydrogen can become a key element in the system of integration of renewable energy sources. It will make it possible to store excess energy obtained from solar and wind installations and use it in periods of low energy production and ensure the efficient use of hydrogen in various sectors of the economy. The article examines the technologies of underground hydrogen storage, some of its geolo­gical, economic, geographical and technological prerequisites, as well as criteria for choosing the optimal subsoil area for underground hydrogen storage in Ukraine. The availability of infrastructure, such as transport networks, energy facilities and appropriate communications, plays an important role in the selection of underground storage sites. Ukraine has significant potential in the production of green hydrogen in the western and, to a greater extent, southern parts of the country. It is proposed to consider the location of underground hydrogen storage there. Subsoil areas promising for underground hydrogen storage should become objects of further research. The successful implementation of projects to create underground hydrogen storage facilities in Ukraine will contribute to the creation of a more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system.

The subject of this study is systems for detection and identification (D&I) of explosive ordnance (EO). The aim of this study is to develop a concept, general structure, and models of a robotic-biological system for D&I of EO (RBS-D&I). The objectives are as follows: 1) to classify mobile systems for D&I of EO and suggest a concept of RBS-D&I; 2) to develop the general structure of RBS-D&I consisting of robotic (flying and ground) and biological subsystems; 3) to develop models of RBS-D&I including automaton, hierarchical, and operational ones; 4) to describe tasks and planned results of the article-related scientific project; and 5) to discuss research results. The following results were obtained. 1) The general structure of the RBS-D&I. The structure comprises the following levels: control and processing centres (mobile ground control and processing centre (MGCPC) and virtual control and processing centre); forces for detection and identification (fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles (FoU), biological detection information subsystem (BDIS), and robotic detection information subsystem (RDIS)); interference; natural covers and a bedding surface; and target objects (all munitions containing explosives, nuclear fission or fusion materials and biological and chemical agents). 2) A concept of RBS-D&I. The concept is based on RBS-D&I description, analysis, development, and operation as an integrated complex cyber-physical and cyber-biological system running in changing physical and information environments. 3) The RBS-D&I automata model. The model describes RBS-D&I operating in two modes. In mode 1, FoU and BDIS operate separately and interact through the MGCPC only. In mode 2, depending on the specifics of the tasks performed, FoU and RDIS can directly interact among themselves or through the MGCPC. 4) hierarchical model. The model has two sets of vertices: EO detection and platforms equipped with the necessary sensors. 5) An operational cycle model. The model describes land release operations via a methodology of functional modeling and graphic description of IDEF0 processes. Conclusions. The proposed concept and RBS-D&I solutions can provide high-performance and guaranteed EO detection in designated areas by the implementation of an intelligent platform and tools for planning the use of multifunctional fleets of UAVs and other RBS-D&I subsystems.

Plant secondary cell walls constitute the majority of plant biomass. They are predominantly found in xylem cells, which are derived from vascular initials during vascularization. Little is known about these processes in grass species despite their emerging importance as biomass feedstocks. The targeted biofuel crop Sorghum bicolor has a sequenced and well-annotated genome, making it an ideal monocot model for addressing vascularization and biomass deposition. Here we generated tissue-specific transcriptome and DNA methylome data from sorghum shoots, roots and developing root vascular and nonvascular tissues. Many genes associated with vascular development in other species show enriched expression in developing vasculature. However, several transcription factor families varied in vascular expression in sorghum compared with Arabidopsis and maize. Furthermore, differential expression of genes associated with DNA methylation were identified between vascular and nonvascular tissues, implying that changes in DNA methylation are a feature of sorghum root vascularization, which we confirmed using tissue-specific DNA methylome data. Roots treated with a DNA methylation inhibitor also showed a significant decrease in root length. Tissues and organs can be discriminated based on their genomic methylation patterns and methylation context. Consequently, tissue-specific changes in DNA methylation are part of the normal developmental process.

This study investigates how body core temperature varies during the cycling segment of a triathlon under different outdoor temperatures. Because high external temperatures can mimic some effects of altitude training, we examined the impact of varying external temperatures on body core temperature, heart rate levels, blood lactate values, and perceived exertion. The research involved Slovak triathletes, aged 23(±2) years, who regularly compete in European Cup races. Probands completed 2 rides at the anaerobic lactate threshold level in two different outdoor temperatures, namely 18 °C and 30 °C on bicycle trainers. We assumed significant changes in all monitored parameters at a higher outdoor temperature and we assumed a significant relationship between the outdoor temperature and the monitored parameters. We found a significantly higher level of heart rate during riding at a higher temperature (p < 0.01**). We measured the subjective level of load using the Borg scale, and we also found a significantly higher level (p < 0.05*). The relationship between body core temperature and the subjective feeling of load came out at the level of r =0.8056; r2= 0,6489; p < 0.01** when riding in low temperature and r =0.6998; r2= 0,4897; p<0.05* when riding in high outside temperature. The relationship between core body temperature and blood lactate level was r=0.695; r2 = 0,4830; p < 0.05* when riding in low temperature and r =0.7356; r2=0,5411; p<0.05* when riding in high temperature. In view of these findings, we recommend that when training in high temperatures, you monitor the parameters during the training in detail and pay attention to the exact execution of the training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The TTZ-South seismic profile follows the Teisseyre-Tornquist zone (TTZ) at the SW margin of the East European craton (EEC). Investigation results reveal the upper lithospheric structure as representing the NW-vergent, NE-SW striking overthrust-type, Paleoproterozoic (~1.84–1.8 Ga) Fennoscandia-Sarmatia suture. The Sarmatian segment of the EEC comprises two crustal-scale tectonic thrust slices: the Moldavo-Podolian and Lublino-Volhynian basement units, overriding the northerly located Lysogoro-Radomian unit of Fennoscandian affinity. The combined results of the TTZ-South and other nearby deep seismic profiles are consistent with a continuation of the EEC cratonic basement across the TTZ to the SW and its plunging into the deep substratum of the adjacent Paleozoic platform. Extensional deformation responsible for the formation of the mid to late Proterozoic (~1.4–0.6 Ga), SW-NE trending Orsha-Volhynia rift basin is probably also recorded. The thick Ediacaran succession deposited in the rift was later tectonically thickened due to Variscan deformation. The Moho depth varies between 37 and 49 km, resulting in the thinnest crust in the SE, sharp depth changes across the TTZ, and slow shallowing from 49 to 43 km to the NW. The abrupt Moho depth increase from 43 to 49 km is considered to reflect the overlying lower crust tectonic duplication within the suture zone.

An analysis of influence of scientific-technical progress on evolution of oil and gas sector had been made by the authors of the research. In this paper more than ten stages of evolution of the upstream oil and gas industry were considered. The relation between changes of economical conditions and the dynamic of realization of investment projects of oil and gas exploration had been studied by the authors. The main economic factors of the development of oil and gas industry should be considered as supply and demand for hydrocarbons, price, costs, changing of conditions in domestic and foreign markets. The necessity of estimation relations between technological and economic factors of the evolution of the upstream oil and gas industry for producing a balanced investment policy and forecasting of rates of development of the hydrocarbon potential of mineral resources has been shown.

Oncocytomas are predominantly benign neoplasms possessing pathogenic mitochondrial mutations and accumulation of respiration-defective mitochondria, characteristics of unknown significance. Using exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified two main subtypes of renal oncocytoma. Type 1 is diploid with CCND1 rearrangements, whereas type 2 is aneuploid with recurrent loss of chromosome 1, X or Y, and/or 14 and 21, which may proceed to more aggressive eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC). Oncocytomas activate 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Tp53 (p53) and display disruption of Golgi and autophagy/lysosome trafficking, events attributed to defective mitochondrial function. This suggests that the genetic defects in mitochondria activate a metabolic checkpoint, producing autophagy impairment and mitochondrial accumulation that limit tumor progression, revealing a novel tumor-suppressive mechanism for mitochondrial inhibition with metformin. Alleviation of this metabolic checkpoint in type 2 by p53 mutations may allow progression to eosinophilic ChRCC, indicating that they represent higher risk.

In this paper the necessity of formation and effective management of oil and gas-extracting industry raw assets for growth of the Ukrainian economy including the rational use of mineral raw sector are substantiated. Some of the problems faced by oil and gas companies at the stage creating of their strategy and objectives are considered. On the results of a complex investment analysis and geological-economic assessment which contains risk analysis stages of formation and the selection of the optimal model (structure) of a portfolio of exploration projects for oil and gas were described. The factors influencing the interrelated assets were analyzed. The optimal structure of the portfolio has been formed and proposed for professional discussing. Through discounting cash flows the criteria and indicators of geological and economic assessment of exploration works and some limitations during finding and determining the optimal portfolio of investment projects of the prospecting, exploration and production of oil and gas were considered. The concept of the marginal efficiency curve and example of its use for finding a balance between expected return and risk of the development of the hydrocarbon potential of petroleum prospect subjects has been shown.

The subject of this study is systems for detection and identification (D&I) of explosive ordnance (EO). The aim of this study is to develop a concept, general structure, and models of a robotic-biological system for D&I of EO (RBS-D&I). The objectives are as follows: 1) to classify mobile systems for D&I of EO and suggest a concept of RBS-D&I; 2) to develop the general structure of RBS-D&I consisting of robotic (flying and ground) and biological subsystems; 3) to develop models of RBS-D&I including automaton, hierarchical, and operational ones; 4) to describe tasks and planned results of the article-related scientific project; and 5) to discuss research results. The following results were obtained. 1) The general structure of the RBS-D&I. The structure comprises the following levels: control and processing centres (mobile ground control and processing centre (MGCPC) and virtual control and processing centre); forces for detection and identification (fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles (FoU), biological detection information subsystem (BDIS), and robotic detection information subsystem (RDIS)); interference; natural covers and a bedding surface; and target objects (all munitions containing explosives, nuclear fission or fusion materials and biological and chemical agents). 2) A concept of RBS-D&I. The concept is based on RBS-D&I description, analysis, development, and operation as an integrated complex cyber-physical and cyber-biological system running in changing physical and information environments. 3) The RBS-D&I automata model. The model describes RBS-D&I operating in two modes. In mode 1, FoU and BDIS operate separately and interact through the MGCPC only. In mode 2, depending on the specifics of the tasks performed, FoU and RDIS can directly interact among themselves or through the MGCPC. 4) hierarchical model. The model has two sets of vertices: EO detection and platforms equipped with the necessary sensors. 5) An operational cycle model. The model describes land release operations via a methodology of functional modeling and graphic description of IDEF0 processes. Conclusions. The proposed concept and RBS-D&I solutions can provide high-performance and guaranteed EO detection in designated areas by the implementation of an intelligent platform and tools for planning the use of multifunctional fleets of UAVs and other RBS-D&I subsystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]