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IntroductionThis investigation analyses the purchase intention for organic foods through the influence of the consumer’s values, attitude, and desire, how this attitude mediates the relationship between consumer values and purchase intention, and how consumer desire mediates the relationship between attitude and purchase intention.MethodsThe quantitative approach was used with a transversal type of research. Data was collected through a survey of 204 consumers of organic foods in Mexico. The analysis of these results was carried out through partial least squares structural equation modeling.ResultsOnly appearance consciousness and environmental awareness are the motivators of the goals to influence the behavior of consumers when attitude mediates the relationships. However, when attitude mediated the relationship, health consciousness and social awareness were not significant motivators of behavioral intention.DiscussionThis analysis serves as a basis for deepening the study of gastronomic tourism in rural areas such as Mexico since this type of food is sold in tourist places. The model proposed can be used as a theoretical framework for future studies. Marketers can also use the results in marketing strategies as community marketing in economies like Latin American countries.

The coffee sector’s challenges, such as low and volatile prices, prompt adopting strategies focused on product differentiation, including high-quality specialty coffee. Nevertheless, documented evidence shows that small producers in Oaxaca, Mexico, are not equally benefiting from this market opportunity compared to other states in Mexico, such as Veracruz or Chiapas. This review article identifies and analyzes the factors in integrating small Oaxacan producers into the specialty market. A total of 138 scientific contributions were analyzed, emphasizing three thematic axes: (1) Trends and behavior of the coffee market. (2) Factors to enable the production of high-quality coffee, and (3) Current situation and challenges of small coffee producers in the specialized market. We found that coffee quality depends on the environment (mainly altitude, temperature, and geographical conditions) and agronomic, genetic, and socio-economic factors. Moreover, agronomic and genetic factors should focus on choosing coffee varieties suited to the environmental conditions of the farm and adopting innovations in production, harvest, and post-harvest processes. The most significant socio-economic factors that hinder small coffee producers’ participation in the specialized market include but are not limited to, lack of information, social connection, and financial resources. However, in the literature analyzed here, it was also possible to identify specific farmworker experiences that operate with a community approach and have inserted their small producers into high-quality market transactions. For this reason, this article suggests that the standardization model of quality from the collective approach within the community-based enterprise is a sustainable and inclusive alternative to achieve the goal: the insertion of small Oaxacan coffee producers into the more significant specialty market.

The present study aimed to analyze which variables have the most significant effect and importance in analyzing wine tourism intention in Baja California, Mexico, using the stimulus–organism–response model. An exploratory and cross-sectional study collected a sample of 728 adult wine consumers from Baja California. Data analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling by partial least squares and analysis of the importance–-performance map. Traditional gastronomy was the main predictor of wine tourism intention in Baja California, Mexico, and according to the importance–performance map, it is the most essential variable in the analysis. In addition, the study results showed that identity mediates the relationship between electronic word of mouth and wine tourism intention and between traditional gastronomy and wine tourism intention. The study employs an importance–performance mapping analysis that has yet to be used in wine tourism analysis and proposes a stimulus (electronic word of mouth, traditional gastronomy)–organism (identity)–response (wine tourism intention) model to broaden understanding of the phenomenon. Its findings and methodology can serve as a valuable template for future research, offering a blueprint that can be replicated in regions like Baja California. This research has significant consequences for creating marketing plans in the wine tourism sector.

En este trabajo se describe el proceso de investigación acción participativa (IAP) en la comunidad de Cuilápam de Guerrero, Oaxaca, en un contexto de confinamiento causado por la pandemia de covid-19 (2021), situación que motivó el interés por la actividad agrícola y de traspatio en algunos habitantes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue generar alternativas agroalimentarias, a través de huertos familiares agroecológicos, para reducir la inseguridad alimentaria de las familias de pequeños productores agrícolas de subsistencia. Se integró un grupo solidario de 10 participantes de 7 Unidades de Producción Familiar (UPF), interesados en la transición agroecológica para producir alimentos más sanos y saludables. Siguiendo la metodología IAP, se identificaron las necesidades de capacitación y se programaron los talleres con enfoque agroecológico. A través de este proceso, los participantes obtuvieron nuevos conocimientos para la práctica agrícola, intercambiaron saberes y establecieron valores dentro del grupo de trabajo como, la solidaridad, ayuda mutua, cooperación, reciprocidad y compromiso con el entorno.

AbstractIn this study, the relationship between community social capital and social prosperity is analysed, as well as the mediatory effect of competitiveness in indigenous tourism destinations from the perspective of the residents in indigenous communities. The sample was 103 people from 10 communities that are recognised as indigenous communities as affiliates of the Red Indígena de Turismo de México A.C. (RITA) (Indigenous Network of Tourism in Mexico). The analysis of the data and proof of hypothesis was carried out through partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The discoveries show that the competitiveness of the destinations has a mediatory effect between the community social capital and the perception of social prosperity. It was found that the indigenous people perceive social prosperity through the competitiveness of the destination given that said competitiveness has various effects; more tourists have arrived at the destination, the tourist activities that benefit the local economy have been better managed, the creation of new businesses and jobs, entrepreneurship, investment in infrastructure, improvement in access to public services, and care for the natural resources of the communities. This competitiveness is directly influenced by the community social capital of the indigenous tourism destinations.

Introduction: This investigation analyses the purchase intention for organic foods through the influence of the consumer's values, attitude, and desire, how this attitude mediates the relationship between consumer values and purchase intention, and how consumer desire mediates the relationship between attitude and purchase intention. Methods: The quantitative approach was used with a transversal type of research. Data was collected through a survey of 204 consumers of organic foods in Mexico. The analysis of these results was carried out through partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: Only appearance consciousness and environmental awareness are the motivators of the goals to influence the behavior of consumers when attitude mediates the relationships. However, when attitude mediated the relationship, health consciousness and social awareness were not significant motivators of behavioral intention. Discussion: This analysis serves as a basis for deepening the study of gastronomic tourism in rural areas such as Mexico since this type of food is sold in tourist places. The model proposed can be used as a theoretical framework for future studies. Marketers can also use the results in marketing strategies as community marketing in economies like Latin American countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the level of Women’s Empowerment (W’E) from six empowerment domains: decision-making, autonomy, access and control of resources, community participation, and participation in business management, within the context of the corn-tortilla value chain. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data through the survey method and participant observation. The sample consisted of 136 women producers from two municipalities, 67 from Santa María Xadani in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and 69 from San Antonio de la Cal in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The results highlight that women exercise five of the six explored domains of empowerment, two with high levels and three with medium levels of empowerment. The women’s income from selling their corn tortillas is used to buy food, raw materials, and health services. Much of their time is spent on corn tortilla production and marketing, and household activities. Finally, this study makes implications for public policy to contribute with the generation of strategies that raise the levels of W’E in agrifood systems in rural contexts.

This study sought to understand the factors behind the intention towards buying organic products mentioned in the existing literature and provide conceptual and theoretical guidelines for future research on the subject. A systematic revision of original research papers included in Scopus and Web of Science databases during the period 2011-2021 was conducted, resulting in a sample of 162 articles. The results show that the attitude, values, and confidence of the consumer were the main factors in the intention to buy organic foods. Moreover, it was found that the theory of planned behavior was the most used theoretical framework in the analysis of organic foods purchasing. The changes brought by the covid-19 pandemic are manifested in consumers’ values and their implications to the sale of this type of foods. We propose to consider consumers’ values as variables that intertwine the rational and motivational approaches to consumption analysis. It is also proposed to understand the purchase intention underlying the stimulation of attitudes and the confidence of consumers due to their values. Finally, it is suggested to consider the analysis of the mediating effect of attitudes and trust in the relationship between values and purchase intention.

En la actualidad, la economía solidaria se ha caracterizado por ser un modelo alternativo al existente, y su base son los principios de cooperación, igualdad, empleo, para una transformación social, sin embargo esta economía no es adquirida en cualquier tipo de estructuras de trabajo. En algunas comunidades del Estado de Oaxaca es muy común trabajar con los principios de una economía solidaria. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir un contexto de economía solidaria en redes familiares de artesanos de la comunidad de San Pedro Cajonos, Villa Alta, Oaxaca. Ya que, en las actividades artesanales las estructuras de trabajo se basan en la cooperación y solidaridad de los integrantes de esas redes. La investigación se realiza con la metodología cualitativa, con las visitas de campo a la comunidad e identificando las redes familiares de artesanos se observó como se manifiesta un contexto de economía solidaria, identificando la cooperación y cohesión social en los procesos productivos de las actividades artesanales: artesanías de madera y textiles de hilo de seda, generando en el seno de la comunidad un desarrollo económico local.

The present study aimed to analyze which variables have the most significant effect and importance in analyzing wine tourism intention in Baja California, Mexico, using the stimulus–organism–response model. An exploratory and cross-sectional study collected a sample of 728 adult wine consumers from Baja California. Data analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling by partial least squares and analysis of the importance–-performance map. Traditional gastronomy was the main predictor of wine tourism intention in Baja California, Mexico, and according to the importance–performance map, it is the most essential variable in the analysis. In addition, the study results showed that identity mediates the relationship between electronic word of mouth and wine tourism intention and between traditional gastronomy and wine tourism intention. The study employs an importance–performance mapping analysis that has yet to be used in wine tourism analysis and proposes a stimulus (electronic word of mouth, traditional gastronomy)–organism (identity)–response (wine tourism intention) model to broaden understanding of the phenomenon. Its findings and methodology can serve as a valuable template for future research, offering a blueprint that can be replicated in regions like Baja California. This research has significant consequences for creating marketing plans in the wine tourism sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo documenta los resultados de un estudio comparado, de tipo cualitativo, desarrollado en el periodo 2018-2020 en el istmo de Tehuantepec (Oaxaca, México) en torno a tres negociaciones para instalar tres parques eólicos que se encuentran cancelados. Nuestra investigación se apoya en entrevistas, minutas de asambleas, documentos jurídicos, amparos y notas de prensa. Nuestro análisis muestra cómo las prácticas autoritarias ejercidas en la negociación recaen sobre la transición energética, al gestar un clima de percepciones negativas que se tradujeron en una desconfianza e inconformidad que promovieron una oposición social y jurídica hacia los proyectos eólicos. Todo ello afectó la viabilidad de los procedimientos de negociación y consulta formales, como el establecido en el C-169 de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo y estancó la transición energética en la región.

The coffee sector's challenges, such as low and volatile prices, prompt adopting strategies focused on product differentiation, including high-quality specialty coffee. Nevertheless, documented evidence shows that small producers in Oaxaca, Mexico, are not equally benefiting from this market opportunity compared to other states in Mexico, such as Veracruz or Chiapas. This review article identifies and analyzes the factors in integrating small Oaxacan producers into the specialty market. A total of 138 scientific contributions were analyzed, emphasizing three thematic axes: (1) Trends and behavior of the coffee market. (2) Factors to enable the production of high-quality coffee, and (3) Current situation and challenges of small coffee producers in the specialized market. We found that coffee quality depends on the environment (mainly altitude, temperature, and geographical conditions) and agronomic, genetic, and socioeconomic factors. Moreover, agronomic and genetic factors should focus on choosing coffee varieties suited to the environmental conditions of the farm and adopting innovations in production, harvest, and post-harvest processes. The most significant socio-economic factors that hinder small coffee producers' participation in the specialized market include but are not limited to, lack of information, social connection, and financial resources. However, in the literature analyzed here, it was also possible to identify specific farmworker experiences that operate with a community approach and have inserted their small producers into high-quality market transactions. For this reason, this article suggests that the standardization model of quality from the collective approach within the community-based enterprise is a sustainable and inclusive alternative to achieve the goal: the insertion of small Oaxacan coffee producers into the more significant specialty market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las empresas predominantes en cualquier país son las micro, pequeñas y medianas (MiPyMEs); y no es la excepción para el estado de Oaxaca, es aquí donde existe una diversidad de MiPyMEs que se dedican a la producción y servicio, estas contribuyen en la creación de empleo, generación de riqueza y sobre todo a satisfacer necesidades, estas empresas se caracterizan a lo largo del tiempo por sobrevivir y permanecer en el mercado. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar que elementos de la sustentabilidad comunitaria se llevan a cabo en las MiPyMEs del municipio de Capulálpam de Méndez. Desde el enfoque del buen vivir se planteó la hipótesis en donde los indicadores eficiencia económica, equidad social y responsabilidad social de la sustentabilidad comunitaria influyen para que las MiPyMEs perciban en mayor grado la sustentabilidad comunitaria. Para tal efecto, se aplicaron 45 entrevistas a dueños o encargados de las MiPyMEs usando como instrumento de medición un cuestionario estructurado. Obteniendo como resultado que la sustentabilidad comunitaria se relaciona con cada uno de los indicadores en la cual, la equidad social es la que mayor efecto presenta. Siendo factores claves los elementos culturales que se realizan dentro de la comunidad.

La mayoría de estudios sobre el desempeño se han realizado en contextos económicos desarrollados. El presente analiza la relación entre las estrategias competitivas y las de manufactura, y cómo éstas influyen en el desempeño de pequeños negocios de la ciudad de Oajaca, Méjico. Se analizan datos de cuarenta negocios de alfarería de San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oajaca. Se encontró que las estrategias de manufactura de flexibilidad y entrega se asocian con la estrategia competitiva de diferenciación, mientras que, el liderazgo en costo no presenta asociaciones significativas. Por otra parte, se observa que la estrategia competitiva de diferenciación fue la más influyente sobre el desempeño, mientras que las estrategias de manufactura cumplen un efecto mediador parcial. Se plantean indicios estratégicos alternativos derivado de un contexto emergente y de subsistencia. The majority of Business performance studies are developed in an economic context different from emerging ones. This study analyzes the relationship between manufacturing and competitive strategies, and how they affect small businesses’ performance located in Oaxaca, Mexico. Data from forty pottery businesses of San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca are analyzed. It was found that manufacturing strategies of flexibility and delivery are associated with the competitive strategy of differentiation, whereas, cost leadership had no significant associations. Moreover, the competitive strategy of differentiation was the most influential on performance while manufacturing strategies play a partial mediating effect. Strategic alternatives derived from the analysis of an economic emerging and subsistence context. A maioria dos estudos sobre o desempenho foram desenvolvidos em contextos econômicos desenvolvidos. Este estudo analisa a relação entre as estratégias competitivas e de manufatura, assim como sua influência no desempenho de pequenos negócios no contexto econômico de Oaxaca, Messico. Usando dados de 40 pequenos negócios de cerâmica de ‘San Bartolo Coyotepec”, Oaxaca; os resultados indicam que as estratégias de flexibilidade e entrega associam-se com a estratégia competitiva de diferenciação, enquanto que a estratégia de liderança em custo não teve associações significativas com as estratégias de manufatura. Além, a estratégia competitiva de diferenciação foi a mas influente no desempenho, enquanto as estratégias de manufatura fazem um efeito mediador parcial nesta relação indicações estratégicas alternativas derivadas de um contexto emergente e de subsistência surgir.

Socially responsible consumption benefits the environment, the consumer, and the producer. In Mexico, smallholder farmers are vulnerable, and the consumption of organic food products is low. Analysing the purchase intention of organic food products contributes towards generating the most appropriate marketing strategies. Previous models provide evidence that the attitude of the consumer is the biggest predictor of purchase intention. However, little is known about the results of the mediating effect of desire on said relationship. The objective of the study is to analyse the mediating effect of desire on the relationship between attitude and purchase intention. 204 consumers of organic food products were surveyed using a structured, self-administrated questionnaire or through face-to-face interviews, in established retail stores, alternative street markets, and via the web. It was found that when the benefits of organic food products to the consumer, environment, and smallholder farmers are evaluated favourably, then consumer desire is higher, and thus also purchase intention. Consumers have the highest purchase intention for organic food products when their desire to buy them to achieve a goal related with social, personal, and environmental benefits intervenes.

Influence of the market orientation on Wixárica handicrafts business performance in the state of Nayarit Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la influencia de la Orientación al Mercado en el desempeño de los pequeños negocios artesanales de la etnia Wixárica. Desde el enfoque cultural de la Orientación al Mercado, propuesto por Narver y Slater (1990), se identificó la relación entre la orientación al cliente, la orientación al competidor y la coordinación interfuncional, con el desempeño financiero y no financiero de los negocios; por lo que se planteó la siguiente hipótesis: la orientación al mercado afecta directa y positivamente en el desempeño de los negocios de subsistencia artesanal de la cultura Wixárica. Para probar las hipótesis, se realizó una investigación cuantitativa y tipo transversal. Para la obtención de datos se encuestaron 36 pequeños negocios de artesanía Wixárica de 8 comunidades del municipio del Nayar, en Nayarit, México, utilizando como instrumento de medición un cuestionario estructurado. Mediante análisis de correlación bivariada de Pearson y regresiones jerárquicas, se encontró que existe una única relación positiva y significativa entre la orientación al competidor y el desempeño financiero de los negocios artesanales, lo cual se debe a que las comunidades encuestadas se ubican en un entorno rural, alejado de los principales centros de venta; por lo que su principal prioridad es generar las acciones adecuadas para enfrentar a los competidores de su comunidad y mantenerse en el mercado local. Abstract The research objective is to analyze the influence of the market orientation on handicraft small businesses performance of the ethnicity Wixárica. From cultural market orientation approach, proposed by Narver and Slater (1990), we identified the relationship between customer orientation, competitor orientation, and interfunctional coordination, with financial and non-financial business performance. The research hypothesis was that market orientation affects direct and positively on business performance of handicrafts subsistence in Wixárica culture. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a quantitative research and transversal study. Using a structured questionnaire as the measurement instrument, we survey 36 Wixárica small handicrafts in 8 communities of Nayar, Nayarit, Mexico. Analysis of bivariate Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression report that found a positive and significant lineal relationship between competitor orientation and financial handicraft businesses performance, which is due to businesses of the sample located in a rural communities, away from the mai n sale places; so that their priority were doing actions to confront the local competitors in order to win or maintain their local market.

El efecto contingente de la orientación emprendedora sobre el desempeño de pequeñas empresas en ambientes hostiles Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), perceived as the innovative, proactive and aggressive practices of the business entrepreneur, on the performance of small businesses operating in a hostile environment of economic decline, social turbulence and natural events. A contingency view is adopted in order to determine which EO variables best explain business performance. Data collected from 101 small craft business and analyzed with factor analysis, Pearson’s bivariate correlation and hierarchical regression, indicate that small business performance depends on product innovation and proactive behavior focused on protecting market share, along with a reduced emphasis on price-based competition due to the negative impact of competitive aggressiveness on performance.

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La literatura sobre emprendedurismo y gestión estratégica sugiere el efecto positivo de la orientación estratégica (OE) sobre el desempeño de las empresas en ambientes hostiles; no obstante, los resultados son de empresas grandes de países desarrollados; en circunstancias de estabilidad económica y social, donde el ambiente hostil se debe a factores tecnológicos, industriales o de mercado. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el desempeño de negocios artesanales como resultado de la OE de los dueños, en un marco de crisis de deterioro económico, inestabilidad social y cambio climático en Oaxaca, México. Con base en los datos de 101 negocios artesanales, analiza dos con correlación bivariada de Pearson y regresión lineal múltiple, los resultados del estudio indican un efecto positivo de innovación y proactividad sobre el desempeño. En contra de lo esperado, se encuentra un efecto negativo de agresividad competitiva sobre el desempeño. Se concluye que, aunque los dueños de negocios artesanales se comprometen en tres dimensiones de OE para mejorar el desempeño, no todas ellas tienen efecto, ni logran modificarlo de la misma manera, debido a las condiciones contextuales.

Copyright of Investigación Administrativa is the property of ESCA Santo Tomas - IPN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article, based in the body of strategic orientation literature, identifies and explores the practices of innovativeness, proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness that make up the strategic orientation implemented by subsistence entrepreneurs to improve business performance. A factor analysis was carried out using the data of 101 entrepreneurs, small artisanal business owners who operate in the subsistence markets in Oaxaca, Mexico. The results show that subsistence entrepreneurs notably engage in innovative and proactive practices, and, to a lesser extent, competitive aggressiveness. The research concludes that a combination of innovativeness with proactiveness is the most viable option for improving performance, whereas competitive aggressiveness impedes its development. Even so, however, it is still implemented by subsistence businesses in order to conserve their market share. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]