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1. Do food cinemagraphs evoke stronger appetitive responses than stills?

Author

Toet, Alexander, van Schaik, Martin G., Kaneko, Daisuke, and van Erp, Jan B. F.

Subjects
Visual arts, N1-9211, Hospitality industry. Hotels, clubs, restaurants, etc. Food service, TX901-946.5
Abstract

Viewing images of food triggers the desire to eat and this effect increases when images represent food in a more vivid way. Cinemagraphs are a new medium that is intermediate between photographs and videos: most of the frame is static, while some details are animated in a seamless loop, resulting in a vivid viewing experience. On social media cinemagraphs are increasingly used for food-related communication. Given their vivid appearance we hypothesized that food cinemagraphs may evoke stronger appetitive responses than their static counterparts (stills). This would make them a promising medium for food advertisements on the Internet or on digital menu boards. In this study we measured the ‘wanting’ (appetitive) and ‘liking’ (affective) responses to both cinemagraph and stills representing a wide range of different food products. Our results show that food cinemagraphs slightly increase ‘wanting’ scores while not affecting ‘liking’ scores, compared to similar stills. Although we found no overall main effect of image dynamics on ‘liking’, we did observe a significant effect for some individual food items. The effects of image dynamics on ‘wanting’ and ‘liking’ appear to be product specific: while dynamic images were scored higher on ‘wanting’ or ‘liking’ for some products, static images were scored higher on these factors for other products. Observer responses to a free association task indicate that image dynamics can affect the appeal of a food product in two ways: by emphasizing its hedonic qualities (lusciousness, freshness) and by enhancing the observers’ awareness of their own core affect (‘liking’) for the product. We conclude that the effective use of cinemagraphs in food advertisements therefore requires a careful consideration of the characteristics (hedonic aspects) of the food product that are to be highlighted through image motion and the inherent preferences (core liking) of the target group.

Published
2019
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2. Immersive Experiences and XR: A Game Engine or Multimedia Streaming Problem?

Author

Gunkel, Simon N. B., Potetsianakis, Emmanouil, Klunder, Tessa E., Toet, Alexander, and Dijkstra-Soudarissanane, Sylvie S.

Subjects
Computer Science - Multimedia
Abstract

Recent improvements in Extended Reality (XR) technology created an increase in XR products and solutions in the industry, while raising new requirements for new or improved architectural concepts. This need can be particularly complex as XR applications often relate both to 3D geometric rendering and multimedia paradigms. This paper outlines the main concepts relevant to XR, both from a game engineering and multimedia streaming system perspective. XR requires new metadata and media/game orchestration to allow complex interaction between users, objects, and (volumetric) multimedia content, which also results in new requirements on synchronisation (i.e., for global object state and positioning). Furthermore, the paper presents the functional blocks needed in new XR system architectures and how they will glue both (game and media) spaces together. The discussion of functional components and architecture relates to the ongoing activities in relevant standardisation bodies like Khronos, MPEG, and 3GPP. To make XR successful on the long term, the industry needs to agree on interoperable solutions and how to merge both game and media paradigms to allow complex multi-user XR applications.

Published
2022

3. The Relative Importance of Social Cues in Immersive Mediated Communication

Author

Sharan, Navya N., Toet, Alexander, Mioch, Tina, Niamut, Omar, van Erp, Jan B. F., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Ahram, Tareq, editor, and Taiar, Redha, editor

Published
2022
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5. Towards Augmented Reality-Based Remote Family Visits in Nursing Homes

Author

Abels, Eva, Toet, Alexander, van der Weerden, Audrey, Smeets, Bram, Klunder, Tessa, Stokking, Hans, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Ahram, Tareq, editor, Taiar, Redha, editor, and Groff, Fabienne, editor

Published
2021
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8. Holistic Quality Assessment of Mediated Immersive Multisensory Social Communication

Author

Toet, Alexander, Mioch, Tina, Gunkel, Simon N. B., Sallaberry, Camille, van Erp, Jan B. F., Niamut, Omar, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Bourdot, Patrick, editor, Interrante, Victoria, editor, Kopper, Regis, editor, Olivier, Anne-Hélène, editor, Saito, Hideo, editor, and Zachmann, Gabriel, editor

Published
2020
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9. The EmojiGrid as a Rating Tool for the Affective Appraisal of Touch

Author

Toet, Alexander, van Erp, Jan B. F., Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Nisky, Ilana, editor, Hartcher-O’Brien, Jess, editor, Wiertlewski, Michaël, editor, and Smeets, Jeroen, editor

Published
2020
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10. The EmojiGrid as an Immersive Self-report Tool for the Affective Assessment of 360 VR Videos

Author

Toet, Alexander, Heijn, Fabienne, Brouwer, Anne-Marie, Mioch, Tina, van Erp, Jan B. F., Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Bourdot, Patrick, editor, Interrante, Victoria, editor, Nedel, Luciana, editor, Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia, editor, and Zachmann, Gabriel, editor

Published
2019
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12. Electrodermal activity as an index of food neophobia outside the lab

Author

Stuldreher, Ivo V., primary, Van der Burg, Erik, additional, Velut, Sebastien, additional, Toet, Alexander, additional, van Os, Demi E., additional, Hiraguchi, Haruka, additional, Hogervorst, Maarten A., additional, Zandstra, Elizabeth H., additional, Van Erp, Jan B. F., additional, and Brouwer, Anne-Marie, additional

Published
2024
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15. Sequential dependency for affective appraisal of food images

Author

Van der Burg, Erik, Toet, Alexander, Abbasi, Zahra, Brouwer, Anne-Marie, Van Erp, Jan B. F., Kallen, Victor L., Kaneko, Daisuke, Kim, Youjin (Eugene), Kinnear, Marise, de Kock, Henriëtte L., Kusbiantari, Dyah, Lee, Tzong-Ru, Liu, Yingxuan, Luhovyy, Bohdan L., MacEachern, Emily, Mezgebe, Abadi Gebre, Nikolova, Rouja, Olatunde, Ganiyat, Srisayekti, Wilis, Tahir, Muhammad Rizwan, Ushiama, Shota, and Yürek, Merve Aslıhan

Published
2021
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23. List of Contributors

Author

Agbangla, Nounagnon F., primary, Agrali, Atahan, additional, Albinet, Cédric T., additional, Aljuaid, Awad, additional, Andéol, Guillaume, additional, André, Jean M., additional, Aricò, Pietro, additional, Arnaud, Branthomme, additional, Artico, Romain, additional, Audiffren, Michel, additional, Ayaz, Hasan, additional, Babiloni, Fabio, additional, Baccus, Wendy, additional, Baldwin, Carryl L., additional, Banville, Hubert, additional, Bengler, Klaus, additional, Berberian, Bruno, additional, Bergeron-Boucher, Jérémy, additional, Berkol, Ali, additional, Besson, Pierre, additional, Bhatt, Siddharth, additional, Bichicchi, Arianna, additional, Bijlsma, Martijn, additional, Bode, Nikolai W.F., additional, Bonnemains, Vincent, additional, Borghini, Gianluca, additional, Borragán, Guillermo, additional, Bouchard, Marc-André, additional, Bovo, Angela, additional, Brangier, Eric, additional, Brouwer, Anne-Marie, additional, Bülthoff, Heinrich H., additional, Burns, Christopher, additional, Cabibel, Vincent, additional, Çakar, Tuna E., additional, Callan, Daniel, additional, Campagne, Aurélie, additional, Carlson, Travis, additional, Casebeer, William D., additional, Çelik, Deniz Zengin, additional, Chamberland, Cindy, additional, Chanel, Caroline P.C., additional, Chapman, Peter, additional, Chatty, Luc, additional, Chaudron, Laurent, additional, Chevrel, Philippe, additional, Chuang, Lewis L., additional, Cinel, Caterina, additional, Claverie, Bernard, additional, Conti, Antonia S., additional, Corson, Yves, additional, Crépeau, Johnathan, additional, Curtin, Adrian, additional, Dehais, Frédéric, additional, Delafontaine, Arnaud, additional, Deliens, Gaétane, additional, Delorme, Arnaud, additional, Di Domenico, Stefano I., additional, Di Flumeri, Gianluca, additional, Diverrez, Jean-Marc, additional, Do, Manh-Cuong, additional, Dong, Mengxi, additional, Duchowski, Andrew T., additional, Dutta, Anirban, additional, Dyer, Lydia, additional, Em, Sonia, additional, Ewing, Kate, additional, Fairclough, Stephen, additional, Falcone, Brian, additional, Falk, Tiago H., additional, Feldman, Sara, additional, Feng, Ying Xing, additional, Finomore, Victor S., additional, Flad, Nina, additional, Formwalt, Alice, additional, Fort, Alexandra, additional, Fourcade, Paul, additional, Fournier, Marc A., additional, Frey, Jérémy, additional, Gabaude, C., additional, Gagey, Olivier, additional, Garbey, Marc, additional, Garcia, Liliana, additional, Gateau, Thibault, additional, Gehrke, Lukas, additional, Getchell, Nancy, additional, Giagloglou, Evanthia, additional, Glatz, Christiane, additional, Goodyear, Kimberly, additional, Gougelet, Robert J., additional, Gouraud, Jonas, additional, Gramann, Klaus, additional, Grewal, Dhruv, additional, Guerrero-Mosquera, Carlos, additional, Guillaume, Céline, additional, Hachet, Martin, additional, Hamaoui, Alain, additional, Hancock, Gabriella M., additional, Hancock, Peter A., additional, Hani, Ahmad Fadzil M., additional, Harwood, Amanda E., additional, Hayashibe, Mitsuhiro, additional, Heiman-Patterson, Terry, additional, Hervé, Girod, additional, Hogervorst, Maarten A.J., additional, Holloway, Amy L., additional, Honeine, Jean-Louis, additional, Hong, Keum-Shik, additional, Ihme, Klas, additional, Izzetoglu, Kurtulus, additional, Izzetoglu, Meltem, additional, Jackson, Philip L., additional, Jallais, Christophe, additional, Janssen, Christian P., additional, Jeremic, Branislav, additional, Jipp, Meike, additional, Jungnickel, Evelyn, additional, Kadogami, Hélio, additional, Kara, Gozde, additional, Karwowski, Waldemar, additional, Kennedy, Quinn, additional, Kessler, Theresa T., additional, Khan, Muhammad J., additional, Khan, Rayyan A., additional, Klug, Marius, additional, Kraft, Amanda E., additional, Krein, Michael, additional, Kreplin, Ute, additional, Kroczek, Bartlomiej, additional, Krol, Lauens R., additional, Krueger, Frank, additional, Labaune, Ombeline, additional, Lafond, Daniel, additional, Lantieri, Claudio, additional, Lanzi, Paola, additional, Laouar, Amine, additional, Lauren, Dargent, additional, Leproult, Rachel, additional, Lespinet-Najib, Véronique, additional, Liang, Ling-Yin, additional, Lotte, Fabien, additional, Macuzic, Ivan, additional, Maille, Nicolas, additional, Maior, Horia A, additional, Malin, S., additional, Marois, Alexandre, additional, Mars, Franck, additional, Martin, Nicolas, additional, Matton, Nadine, additional, Matyjek, Magdalena, additional, McCarthy, Kevin, additional, McKendrick, Ryan, additional, McWilliams, Tom, additional, Mehler, Bruce, additional, Mehta, Ranjana, additional, Mehta, Ranjana K., additional, Menoret, Mathilde, additional, Miyake, Yoshihiro, additional, Moly, Alexandre, additional, Murtza, Rabia, additional, Muthalib, Makii, additional, Muthalib, Mark, additional, Naseer, Noman, additional, Navarro, Jordan, additional, Newport, Roger, additional, Nijholt, Anton, additional, Ociepka, Michal, additional, Olivier, Morellec, additional, Omurtag, Ahmet, additional, Onaral, Banu, additional, Ora, Hiroki, additional, Oudejans, Bob, additional, Öztürk, Özgürol, additional, Paczynski, Martin, additional, Pallamin, Nico, additional, Parasuraman, Raja, additional, Parent, Mark, additional, Patesson, René, additional, Paul, Kou, additional, Peigneux, Philippe, additional, Peissner, Matthias, additional, Pepin, G., additional, Perrey, Stephane, additional, Peysakhovich, Vsevolod, additional, Plank, Markus, additional, Poli, Riccardo, additional, Pollmann, Kathrin, additional, Pozzi, Simone, additional, Puccinelli, Nancy M., additional, Pylouster, Jean, additional, Rızvanoğlu, Kerem, additional, Ragot, Martin, additional, Reimer, Bryan, additional, Reynaud, Emanuelle, additional, Rhee, Joohyun, additional, Rieger, Jochem W., additional, Ries, Anthony J., additional, Roberge-Vallières, Benoit, additional, Rodrigo, Achala H., additional, Roggeveen, Anne L., additional, Ron-Angevin, Ricardo, additional, Roumy, Guillaume, additional, Roy, Raphaëlle N., additional, Ruocco, Anthony C., additional, Russell, Bartlett A., additional, Russo, Jon, additional, Ryan, Richard M., additional, Sargent, Amanda, additional, Satterfield, Kelly, additional, Sawyer, Ben D., additional, Scannella, Sébastien, additional, Scheer, Menja, additional, Scheldrup, Melissa, additional, Schilder, Alex, additional, Sciaraffa, Nicolina, additional, Sciarini, Lee, additional, Senderecka, Magdalena, additional, Sharples, Sarah, additional, Shaw, Tyler H., additional, Shewokis, Patricia A., additional, Simone, Andrea, additional, Slama, Hichem, additional, Smith, Alastair D., additional, Somon, Bertille, additional, Souissi, Hiba, additional, Späth, Moritz, additional, Stowers, Kimberly L., additional, Suied, Clara, additional, Sun, Junfeng, additional, Suri, Rajnesh, additional, Tang, Tong Boon, additional, Tang, Yingying, additional, Tartan, Emre O., additional, Tebbache, Nadège, additional, Techer, Franck, additional, Terzibas, Cengiz, additional, Tessier, Catherine, additional, Teyssedre, Claudine, additional, Thair, Hayley, additional, Thériault, Jean-Denis, additional, Toet, Alexander, additional, Tong, Shanbao, additional, Touryan, Jonathan, additional, Trask, Amy, additional, Tremblay, Sébastien, additional, Unni, Anirudh, additional, Vachon, François, additional, Valeriani, Davide, additional, Valéry, Benoît, additional, van den Berg, Helma, additional, Vignali, Valeria, additional, Vukelić, Mathias, additional, Wang, Jijun, additional, Wilson, Max L., additional, Wusch, Emily, additional, Xanthopoulos, Petros, additional, Yiou, Eric, additional, Zafar, Amad, additional, Zander, Thorsten O., additional, Ziegler, Matthias D., additional, and Živanovic-Macuzic, Ivana, additional

Published
2019
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24. Subjective User Experience and Performance with Active Tangibles on a Tabletop Interface

Author

van Erp, Jan B.F., Toet, Alexander, Meijer, Koos, Janssen, Joris, de Jong, Arnoud, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Streitz, Norbert, editor, and Markopoulos, Panos, editor

Published
2015
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26. Technology to Automatically Record Eating Behavior in Real Life: A Systematic Review

Author

Hiraguchi, Haruka, Perone, Paola, Toet, Alexander, Camps, Guido, Brouwer, Anne-Marie, Hiraguchi, Haruka, Perone, Paola, Toet, Alexander, Camps, Guido, and Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Abstract

To monitor adherence to diets and to design and evaluate nutritional interventions, it is essential to obtain objective knowledge about eating behavior. In most research, measures of eating behavior are based on self-reporting, such as 24-h recalls, food records (food diaries) and food frequency questionnaires. Self-reporting is prone to inaccuracies due to inaccurate and subjective recall and other biases. Recording behavior using nonobtrusive technology in daily life would overcome this. Here, we provide an up-to-date systematic overview encompassing all (close-to) publicly or commercially available technologies to automatically record eating behavior in real-life settings. A total of 1328 studies were screened and, after applying defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 122 studies were included for in-depth evaluation. Technologies in these studies were categorized by what type of eating behavior they measure and which type of sensor technology they use. In general, we found that relatively simple sensors are often used. Depending on the purpose, these are mainly motion sensors, microphones, weight sensors and photo cameras. While several of these technologies are commercially available, there is still a lack of publicly available algorithms that are needed to process and interpret the resulting data. We argue that future work should focus on developing robust algorithms and validating these technologies in real-life settings. Combining technologies (e.g., prompting individuals for self-reports at sensed, opportune moments) is a promising route toward ecologically valid studies of eating behavior.

Published
2023

27. Effects of Multisensory Contexts on Tofu and Soy Sauce Evaluation and Consumption

Author

Hiraguchi, Haruka, van der Burg, Erik, Stuldreher, Ivo V., Toet, Alexander, Velut, Sebastien, Zandstra, Elizabeth H., van Os, Demi, Hogervorst, Maarten A., van Erp, Jan B.F., Brouwer, Anne-Marie, Hiraguchi, Haruka, van der Burg, Erik, Stuldreher, Ivo V., Toet, Alexander, Velut, Sebastien, Zandstra, Elizabeth H., van Os, Demi, Hogervorst, Maarten A., van Erp, Jan B.F., and Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Abstract

We examined the effects of an informative pitch and multisensory contexts as potential factors influencing individuals’ experience of tofu with soy sauce and the amount consumed outside the lab. Two hundred and sixteen participants watched one of two pitches (promoting either vegetarian diets or exercise) and were guided into one of three multisensory contexts (‘sustainable’, ‘meat’, or ‘neutral’ theme). Participants rated the aroma and appearance of soy sauce and the taste of tofu dipped in it using the intuitive ‘one touch’ EmojiGrid valence and arousal measuring tool. Our results showed that the ‘meat’ context increased arousal ratings for soy sauce and the tendency to consume more tofu relative to the other contexts. Pitch did not influence affective ratings or amounts consumed. We conclude that the multisensory context has the potential to positively affect peoples’ choices and perceptions of plant-based and sustainable food and promote its consumption.

Published
2023

28. Electrodermal activity as an index of food neophobia outside the lab

Author

Stuldreher, Ivo V., van der Burg, Erik, Velut, Sebastien, Toet, Alexander, van Os, Demi E., Hiraguchi, Haruka, Hogervorst, Maarten A., Zandstra, Elizabeth H., Van erp, Jan B.F., Brouwer, Anne-Marie, Stuldreher, Ivo V., van der Burg, Erik, Velut, Sebastien, Toet, Alexander, van Os, Demi E., Hiraguchi, Haruka, Hogervorst, Maarten A., Zandstra, Elizabeth H., Van erp, Jan B.F., and Brouwer, Anne-Marie

Abstract

Introduction: Understanding how food neophobia affects food experience may help to shift toward sustainable diets. Previous research suggests that individuals with higher food neophobia are more aroused and attentive when observing food-related stimuli. The present study examined whether electrodermal activity (EDA), as index of arousal, relates to food neophobia outside the lab when exposed to a single piece of food.Methods: The EDA of 153 participants was analyzed as part of a larger experiment conducted at a festival. Participants completed the 10-item Food Neophobia Scale. Subsequently, they saw three lids covering three foods: a hotdog labeled as “meat”, a hotdog labeled as “100% plant-based”, and tofu labeled as “100% plant-based”. Participants lifted the lids consecutively and the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the skin conductance response (SCR) was captured between 20 s before and 20 s after each food reveal.Results: We found a significant positive correlation between food neophobia and AUC of SCR during presentation of the first and second hotdog and a trend for tofu. These correlations remained significant even when only including the SCR data prior to the food reveal (i.e., an anticipatory response).Discussion: The association between food neophobia and EDA indicates that food neophobic individuals are more aroused upon the presentation of food. We show for the first time that the anticipation of being presented with food already increased arousal for food neophobic individuals. These findings also indicate that EDA can be meaningfully determined using wearables outside the lab, in a relatively uncontrolled setting for single-trial analysis.

Published
2023

33. Virtual Visits

Author

Alvarez, Marina, primary, Toet, Alexander, additional, and Dijkstra-Soudarissanane, Sylvie, additional

Published
2022
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34. What Comes After Telepresence? Embodiment, Social Presence and Transporting One’s Functional and Social Self

Author

Van Erp, Jan B.F., primary, Sallaberry, Camille, additional, Brekelmans, Christiaan, additional, Dresscher, Douwe, additional, Ter Haar, Frank, additional, Englebienne, Gwenn, additional, Van Bruggen, Jeanine, additional, De Greeff, Joachim, additional, Pereira, Leonor Fermoselle Silva, additional, Toet, Alexander, additional, Hoeba, Nirul, additional, Lieftink, Robin, additional, Falcone, Sara, additional, and Brug, Tycho, additional

Published
2022
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36. Discrimination of Concurrent Vibrotactile Stimuli

Author

Groen, Eric, Oosterbeek, Marjolaine, Toet, Alexander, Hooge, Ignace, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, and Ferre, Manuel, editor

Published
2008
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37. Engagement and EMG in Serious Gaming: Experimenting with Sound and Dynamics in the Levee Patroller Training Game

Author

Schuurink, Ellen Lisette, Houtkamp, Joske, Toet, Alexander, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Markopoulos, Panos, editor, de Ruyter, Boris, editor, IJsselsteijn, Wijnand, editor, and Rowland, Duncan, editor

Published
2008
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38. Odorants

Author

Toet, Alexander

Subjects
scent, arousal, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, EmojiGrid, smell, valence, odorants, olfactory, psychological phenomena and processes
Abstract

Validation of the EmojiGrid self-report tool for the affective appraisal of odorants

Published
2022
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39. Additional data on affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid

Author

Toet, Alexander

Subjects
SAM, arousal, IADS, EmojiGrid, emotion, valence, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Addtional data files with: A. Toet, & J.B.F. van Erp. 2020. Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid. F1000Research, 9 (970) https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.25088.1. The file sound_results.xlsx contains the SAM and EmojiGrid valence and arousal ratings for selected stimuli from the IADS-E database by Yang et al. (2018). The file video_results.xlsx contains the SAM and EmojiGrid valence and arousal ratings for video clips from Aguado et al. (2018)

Published
2022
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42. 360 VR movies

Author

Toet, Alexander

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, EmojiGrid, emotion, 360º VR, immersive VR, electrodermal activity, physiological arousal, affect, arousal, ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS, subjective arousal, valence, EDA, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, circumplex model
Abstract

Validation of the EmojiGrid as an intuitive, immersive and efficient tool to assess emotions evoked by immersive VR experiences

Published
2022
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43. EmojiGrid validation studies

Author

Toet, Alexander

Subjects
affective touch, EmojiGrid, Nencki Affective Picture System, odors, emoji, olfactory, affective sounds, PiSCES picture database, arousal, IADS-E, smells, scents, affective videos, valence
Abstract

Results of studies performed to validate the EmojiGrid as a graphical self-report tool to assess experienced end perceived valence and arousal.

Published
2022
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44. Affective rating of audio and video clips using the EmojiGrid

Author

Toet, Alexander

Subjects
video clips, arousal, affective appraisal, EmojiGrid, affective rating, sounds, valence, emotions, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Background: In this study we measured the affective appraisal of sounds and video clips using a newly developed graphical self-report tool: the EmojiGrid. The EmojiGrid is a square grid, labeled with emoji that express different degrees of valence and arousal. Users rate the valence and arousal of a given stimulus by simply clicking on the grid. Methods: In Experiment I, observers (N=150, 74 males, mean age=25.2±3.5) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 77 validated sound clips from nine different semantic categories, covering a large area of the affective space. In Experiment II, observers (N=60, 32 males, mean age=24.5±3.3) used the EmojiGrid to rate their affective appraisal of 50 validated film fragments varying in positive and negative affect (20 positive, 20 negative, 10 neutral). Results: The results of this study show that for both sound and video, the agreement between the mean ratings obtained with the EmojiGrid and those obtained with an alternative and validated affective rating tool in previous studies in the literature, is excellent for valence and good for arousal. Our results also show the typical universal U-shaped relation between mean valence and arousal that is commonly observed for affective sensory stimuli, both for sound and video. Conclusions: We conclude that the EmojiGrid can be used as an affective self-report tool for the assessment of sound and video-evoked emotions.

Published
2022
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45. Odor Network Model

Author

Toet, Alexander

Subjects
familiarity, odor, perceived intensity, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, mood, odor sensitivity, odor detection threshold, probabilistic networks, macromolecular substances, olfactory, arousal, affective appraisal, odor detection, valence, network analysis
Abstract

This study investigates the relation between several factors that are known to influence the affective appraisal of odors through probabilistic network analysis.

Published
2022
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47. EmojiGrid

Author

Toet, Alexander

Abstract

This site provides the images needed to implement the EmojiGrid affective self-report tool.

Published
2022
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48. Questionnaire

Author

Toet, Alexander, Mioch, Tina, Gunkel, Simon, Niamut, Omar, and van Erp, Jan

Subjects
mediated communication, virtual reality, social interaction, social presence, spatial presence, quality of experience, sense of place, augmented reality, immersive systems, mixed reality
Abstract

Questionnaire to measure the quality of mediated social communication

Published
2022
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49. Task-Relevant Sound and User Experience in Computer-Mediated Firefighter Training

Author

Houtkamp, Joske M., Toet, Alexander, and Bos, Frank A.

Abstract

The authors added task-relevant sounds to a computer-mediated instructor in-the-loop virtual training for firefighter commanders in an attempt to raise the engagement and arousal of the users. Computer-mediated training for crew commanders should provide a sensory experience that is sufficiently intense to make the training viable and effective. In practice, sound is an important source of information for firefighters. During an evaluation of a soundless computer-mediated and instructor in-the-loop virtual training, both trainees and instructors frequently remarked that the lack of sound made the simulation less convincing and engaging. Research on entertainment games has shown that users may experience higher levels of presence, engagement, and arousal when sound is included in the simulations. The authors therefore hypothesized that the addition of task-relevant (informative) sounds to a virtual training would raise the engagement and arousal of the users, and the overall convincingness of the simulation. In this study, they included verisimilar and task-relevant sounds in an instructor in-the-loop computer-mediated firefighter training and assessed how these sounds affect user experience. In contrast to the common belief of trainees and instructors, the authors find that merely adding task-relevant sounds does not necessarily increase the engagement and arousal of the users. The authors conclude that the physical presence of (and verbal communication with) the instructor probably distracted from the simulation, and an integral sound design involving mediated communication with a remotely present instructor may be required to resolve this problem. (Contains 6 tables and 6 figures.)

Published
2012
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