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Background/Aim. Given that frequent manipulation of the abutment during immediate loading can have a negative impact on the surrounding peri-implant hard and soft tissues, the concept “one abutment at one time” (OAO) has been introduced and documented in daily clinical practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in peri-implant bone levels, clinical and radiographic parameters, and patient perspectives during the six-month follow-up period. Methods. The study was designed as a randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with bilaterally healed sites in the posterior mandible received implants with a diameter of no less than 3.5 mm and a length of at least 8 mm. Based on randomization, patients were divided into a test group and a control group. Patients who were in the test group received implants that were immediately loaded with definitive abutments. In contrast, patients in the control group received implants where healing abutments were placed, followed by temporary abutments. Implants were immediately loaded with provisional restorations within the first seven days. They were delivered over the test group’s definitive abutment and the control group’s temporary abutment. Probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and keratinized tissue width were measured. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and the Oral Health Impact Profile - 19 (OHIP-19) questionnaires were noted. Results. Out of 24 included patients, 22 completed the six-month follow-up. Peri-implant bone loss between study groups was comparable (mesial: t = -0.798, df = 21, p = 0.434; distal: t = 1.688, df = 21, p = 0.106), without statistical inter-group significance. OHIP-19 total scores significantly decreased after three months and remained similar six months after the implant placement in both groups without statistically relevant clinical inter-group changes. Conclusion. The OAO approach and provisional abutments showed comparable effectiveness regarding the immediate loading of posterior single implants.

Introduction: Canine impaction is a very common orthodontic anomaly. In order to achieve successful results, it is necessary to understand etiological factors. Aim the analysis of cephalometric characteristics of patients with impacted permanent canines. Materials and methods: The study included 70 patients (mean age 14 ± 2.04 years), 50 females and 20 males, who met the study criteria. Based on the position of the impacted tooth, the patients were divided into 2 groups. Sagittal (SNA, SNB, ANB) and vertical (FMA) angular parameters were analysed, as well as linear parameters (the length of the body of the maxilla to the cranial base). Results: In the studied population, 30.0% of the patients comprised Angle Class I, 44.3% of patients Angle Class II, whereas the smallest number of patients, 25.7%, was classified as Angle Class III. By analysing the FMA angle, the < 22º category (horizontal growth), the 22-28º category (normal growth pattern), and the > 28º category (vertical growth pattern) included 38.6%, 45.7%, and 15.7% of the patients, respectively. The body of the maxilla did not differ significantly between the palatal and vestibular position of the impacted canine (p = 0.405). Conclusion: The study did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the studied groups.

Maxillofacial defects create physical, emotional and mental problems for the patient. The task of surgical-prosthetic rehabilitation is to provide best possible functional and esthetic solution. The aim of this paper was to present a modern approach to auricular defect rehabilitation. A 24-year-old patient with a lack of the right ear lobe due to trauma was admitted for aesthetic rehabilitation. Implant-retained ear prosthesis was indicated. Three implants were placed into mastoid region of the temporal bone, and after the period of osseointegration, an individualized bar was attached to them for the retention of an auricular prosthesis made out of silicone. Prosthetic rehabilitation, in this case, achieved excellent retention and restored the appearance as well as self-confidence of the patient.

Introduction/Objective. Low-level laser therapy has been suggested as an alternative pain relief therapy in temporomandibular disorder patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of low-level laser therapy on reducing pain intensity in temporomandibular disorder patients, compared to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Methods. A total of 63 patients diagnosed with Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders were divided into two groups. In the first group of 35 patients, low-level laser therapy was applied three times a week, 15 treatment sessions during five weeks (wavelength: 780 nm; power density: 70 mW/ cm2; radiant energy: 4.2 J; energy density: 4.2 J/cm2; total treatment dose: 16.8 J/cm2). The second group included 28 participants subjected to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs therapy (ibuprofen) during two weeks (first three days 3 × 400 mg, remaining time 2 × 400 mg per day). Pain was evaluated using 100 mm visual analog scale, at the baseline, during therapy, two weeks and three months after treatments. Results. Statistically significant reduction of pain intensity was achieved in both low-level laser therapy and in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs therapy groups and remained steady in the follow-up period of three months (p < 0.01). Differences in visual analog scale scores between the observed groups were not statistically significant in each of the evaluation periods, (p = 0.375, p = 0.665, p = 0.52, respectively). Conclusion. The low-level laser therapy protocol applied in this research was efficient in reducing pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Due to the development of digital technologies, the modern concept of prosthetic-guided implantology is based on non-invasive surgical and restorative techniques. Computer-aided planning, computer-guided workup and computer-guided surgery have largely ensured the predictability of the therapeutic outcome. This is supported by research data related to the frequency of implant therapy, according to which in the first half of 2020 there was an increase of 9.7%. However, anatomical limitations remain a challenge for the implant team. The most common problem related to implant therapy in edentulous patients is limited edentulous space in one or more spatial planes. Improving the design of surgical guides facilitates implantation in spatially limited and complex cases. By introducing interactive computed tomography into the field of implantology, a three-dimensional approach to every aspect of planning and implantation has become possible.

This study aimed to compare implant stabilities between the immediate and early loaded, immediately placed bone‐level tapered dental implants in the maxilla and to evaluate marginal bone loss (MBL), oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), and patient satisfaction at a 2‐year follow‐up. A pilot, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted on 24 maxillary failing dentition patients. The bone‐level tapered implants of 12 patients were immediately loaded with temporary restorations, while the other 12 patients did not receive any kind of temporization. Implant‐supported screw‐retained complete porcelain‐fused‐to‐metal prostheses were delivered to all patients in the seventh postoperative week. The insertion torque values of implants assigned to the immediate and early loading groups were 33.0 ± 4.87 and 29.26 ± 8.31 Ncm, respectively. The dynamics of implant stability changes from implant placement up to a 2‐year follow‐up were similar for both groups (Penguin®, p = 0.268; Ostell®, p = 0.552), while the MBL was at submillimeter level. The cumulative implant survival rate was 91.80% for immediately loaded implants and 97.22% for early loaded implants, without significant difference (p = 0.162). The total score on the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire significantly decreased over time in both groups, indicating improvement in OHRQoL (p < 0.001), and the high level of patient satisfaction remained after 2 years of function regardless of a loading protocol. Both loading protocols, immediate and early, of six immediately placed bone‐level tapered dental implants are an adequate treatment choice for fixed rehabilitation of the maxillary failing dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objective. The pain that originates from musculoskeletal structures of the mastication system is one of the symptoms belonging to the category of temporomandibular disorders or temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of therapy with stabilizing occlusal splint in the control of painful symptoms of TMD in comparison with the effect of drug therapy. Methods. Using standard Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders diagnostic protocol proposed by Dworkin and LeResche, a group of 44 patients with painful TMD was included. The patients were divided into three treatment groups by random selection. The first group was treated with stabilization occlusal splint for a period of one month. In the two control groups, therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (Brufen, Mylan, Canonsburg, PA, USA) or a combination therapy of ibuprofen and diazepam, a medication from the benzodiazepine family (Diazepam, Hemofarm, Vršac, Serbia) was carried out over a period of three weeks. In order to assess the effects of the therapy with stabilizing occlusal splint and the drug therapy, before and after the therapy, pain intensity measurements were performed with visual analogue scale and digital pressure algometer. Results. A significant reduction in the intensity of painful symptoms was achieved in all three therapeutic groups. No significant differences in the effectiveness of pain reduction between the proposed therapeutic modalities were noted. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm that the therapy with stabilization occlusal splint is a valid procedure in the reduction of pain in patients with TMD.

Dental cements have been established in practice since 1878, and technological advances in the field of implant pros-thetics have directly influenced the development of materials in this area. Although the retention type of implant-supported restorations can be dual, it is nowadays known that the overall rate of technical complications is higher for cement-retained restorations by 2% over screw-retained restorations. Biological complications, including peri-implant mucositis, periimplantitis, bone loss around implants, soft-tissue recession and fistula suppuration, are also more frequent with cement-retained restorations. The most common of these, periimplantitis is often related to factors depending on a clinician.

Background/Aim. Many studies investigated association between stress, anxiety or personality traits and sleep bruxism (SB), but results are still contradictory. We aimed to investigate whether there is a relation between clinically diagnosed sleep bruxism and salivary cortisol levels as one of the major stress biomarkers and to examine psychological factors and personality traits specific to sleep bruxism. Methods. A total of 23 sleep bruxism patients and 42 healthy non-sleep bruxism adults participated in this study. Diagnose of sleep-bruxism was assessed by selfreport and clinical examination and also confirmed by bedpartner. Morning saliva was collected from all participants for analyses of the cortisol level. Sleep bruxism patients underwent a psychodiagnostic personality interpretation using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – MMPI-202 test. Results. Statistically significant difference between levels of morning salivary cortisol in the group of SB patients and the control group was recorded (t = 2.943, p < 0.01). Analysis of the personality profiles indicated that the sleep bruxism patients avoid contact with unpleasant feelings, especially depression, suppress the aggression and censor the expression of anger and rage. Conclusion. This study showed that patients with sleep bruxism have higher levels of salivary cortisol. Personality traits such as depression, hypomania and suppressed aggression were found to be common characteristics in patients with sleep bruxism. Present findings might support the hypothesis that sleep bruxism and psychological states such as stress may be related, but the cross-sectional nature of this study does not allow us to draw conclusions about the causal relationship between stress, personality traits and sleep bruxism.

This study examined the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS: 2 hours × 14 days) on gene expression of three antioxidant enzymes, copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD 1), manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD 2) and catalase (CAT) in the rat hippocampus. Also, we examined changes in the activities of SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT in the hippocampus of chronically stressed rats. Investigated parameters were quantifi ed by using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and assay of enzymatic activity. We found that CRS did not change mRNA and protein levels of SOD 1 and CAT, but increased mRNA and protein levels of SOD 2. However, CRS treatment increased the enzyme activities of SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT. Our fi ndings indicate that the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD 1, SOD 2 and CAT) in the hippocampus may be an important adaptive phenomenon of the antioxidant defense system in chronically stressed rats.

Nasal defects can occur as a result of head and neck trauma, or due to partial or complete ablation or resection of the tumor in the nasal area and surroundings. Smaller defects can be reconstructed surgically while large defects are mainly reconstructed combined surgically and prosthetically. The aim of this paper was to present prosthetic reconstruction of the nasal defect by colored vinyl polysiloxane prosthesis retained with craniofacial basal disc implants. An adequate aesthetics and stability of the prosthesis was achieved during mandible and mimic muscles movements.

The radioactive iodine (131I) ablation is a well-accepted treatment modality for differentiated thyroid cancer patients. Unfortunately, the radiation induces the oxidative stress and damages cells and tissues, simultaneously activating the mechanisms of antioxidative defense. Since the mechanisms of those processes are not completely known, we wanted to examine the changes in the most important reactive oxygen species and antioxidative components, as well as their correlation and significance for lipid peroxidation. Our results showed that the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was increased during the first 30 days after the radiotherapy. Among antioxidant components, superoxide dismutase was increased in the 3rd and 30th day; catalase in 7th and reduced glutathione in 3rd and 7th day after the radiotherapy. As regards the prooxidants, the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was recorded in 7th and 30th day, and superoxide anion radical (O×-) was unchanged after the exposure to 131I. These results indicate that differentiated thyroid cancer patients are under constant oxidative stress despite the observed increase in antioxidative and reduction in prooxidative parameters. The understanding of these early processes is important since their progress determines the latter effects of 131I therapy. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III41007 and Grant no. 175007]

Nanoparticles (NPs), a distinct class of particles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm, are one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century, and titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2 NPs) are among the most widely produced and used NPs globally. The increased application of TiO2 NPs raises concerns regarding their global safety and risks of exposure. Many animal studies have reported the accumulation of TiO2 NPs in female reproductive organs; however, evidence of the resultant toxicity remains ambiguous. Since the surface area and chemical modifications of NPs can significantly change their cytotoxicity, we aimed to compare the toxic effects of pristine TiO2 powder with surface-modified TiO2 powders with salicylic acid (TiO2/SA) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (TiO2/5-ASA) on the ovaries, oviducts, and uterus on the 14th day following acute oral treatment. The results, based on alterations in food and water intake, body mass, organ-to-body mass ratio, hormonal status, histological features of tissues of interest, and antioxidant parameters, suggest that the modification with 5-ASA can mitigate some of the observed toxic effects of TiO2 powder and encourage future investigations to create NPs that can potentially reduce the harmful effects of TiO2 NPs while preserving their positive impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Aim. The length of tooth enamel conditioning time and the size of bracket bases are some the factors influencing the bond strength between the two adherents. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) between two different types of bonded metal brackets and acid-etched enamel surface in two different times. Material and methods. Forty extracted human premolars were randomly divided into four groups. In groups 1 and 2, metal brackets Topic (Dentaurum, Germany) were bonded after etching with 37% phosphoric acid (Gel, Reliance, USA) for 15 s and 30 s, while in groups 3 and 4, metal brackets Equilibrium mini (Dentaurum, Germany) were bonded after etching for 15 s and 30 s. Brackets were bonded using flowable composite Heliosit Orthodontic (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) and light-cured using a LED lamp. The SBS was measured by an electronic dynamometer at a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. Results. Statistical analysis revealed that SBS is affected by both bracket type (t = 10.62; p < 0.01) and etching time (t = 2.81; p = 0.008). The Equilibrium mini brackets with previous enamel etching for 30 s showed the highest SBS values of 10.8 ± 0.75 MPa, while the Topic brackets with previous enamel etching for 15 s showed the lowest values of 4.85 ± 0.53 MPa. Conclusion. Increasing the etching time of tooth enamel leads to higher values in bond strength, especially when using a bracket with a smaller base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Hypodontia of upper lateral incisors is significant aesthetic problem in young people. Ideal solution to this problem would be an implant placement, but there is a problem of unfinished growth and development. It is therefore necessary to have a temporary solution in order to maintain normal stomatognathic system functions and solve aesthetic problems until the final restoration is placed. The aim of this study was to show the possibility of treating hypodontia of permanent upper lateral incisors by creating adhesive bridge in one visit. A 15-year-old patient was referred to the Department for Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine in Belgrade with hypodontia of permanent upper lateral incisors. The patient had braces until 14 years of age after which she was rehabilitated with partial denture that was neither aesthetically nor functionally acceptable solution for her and significantly affected her emotional security. The adhesive bridge was made using GC composite fibers and a set of GC composite materials for the purpose of temporary replacement of missing teeth. This treatment provided good functional and aesthetic results. The space for the placement of two endosseous implants is preserved and a period of adaptation positively influenced the patient's social development in sensitive adolescent age.

Aesthetic outcome of implant therapy involves the appropriate architecture of peri-implant soft tissue and interdental papilla. The dynamic compression technique of soft tissue is mentioned in contemporary literature as one of the methods for achieving optimal emergence profile. The aim of this case report was to present soft tissue prosthetic modeling with temporary crowns on implants for obtaining an emergence profile of final restoration. A 25-year-old female patient with missing left maxillary central incisor was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery School of Dental Medicine University in Belgrade for dental implant placement. After detailed planning, implant placement of Straumann Bone level implant NC O 3, 3×12 mm (StraumannR Bone Level NC), in the position of 21 was performed. Upon completion of osseointegration period, screw retained laboratory temporary crown was fabricated. During the next 3 months emergence profile was scalloped by creating additional pressure on the soft tissue with periodic adding the composite resin material to a temporary crown. The created emergence profile was transferred to the master cast by using customized impression coping, making possible fabrication of the final implant restoration according to the design made with provisional restoration. Soft tissue conditioning using temporary dental restorations on implants presents a non-invasive method with predictable aesthetic result.

Introduction. Patients with craniomandibular disorders suffer from hypertonic, fatigued and painful masticatory muscles. This condition can lead to limitation of mandibular jaw movements. All of these symptoms and signs are included in myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used for treatment of these patients. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TENS therapy on chronic pain reduction in patients with the muscular dysfunction symptom. Methods. In order to evaluate the effect of TENS therapy before and after the treatment, Craniomandibular Index (Helkimo) was used. Pain intensity was measured by VAS. Patients had TENS treatment over two-week period. BURST TENS modality was used. Current intensity was individually adjusted. Results. Two patients did not respond to TENS therapy. Complete pain reduction was recorded in 8 patients, while pain reduction was not significantly different after TENS therapy in 10 patients. Conclusion. TENS therapy was confirmed as therapeutic procedure in orofacial muscle relaxation and pain reduction.

The aim of this study was to examine how acute immobilization stress affects the concentrations of catecholamines in the plasma and the expression of the splenic catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-Я-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in chronically socially isolated rats. We found that acute immobilization increases the plasma catecholamine levels and splenic PNMT protein levels in chronically socially isolated rats. These results show that acute stress of chronically stressed animals activates the sympatho-adrenomedullary system and increases synthesis of splenic PNMT by 37%, both of which can modulate the immune function. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. III 41027, br. III 41022 and br. ON 173044]