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Introduction: Treatment for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is compromised, quality of life is negatively impacted, and significant financial losses result from nonadherence to the prescribed therapy. Aim: To assess the nonadherence to inhaled therapy in patients with asthma and COPD in Bulgaria. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted in 4020 asthma or COPD patients. Demographic data was collected, and a questionnaire was completed for assessing the adherence to inhalation therapy (using the Test of Adherence to Inhalers®, TAI). Results: We found some level of nonadherence to the therapy in 77.2% of the patients. Factors such as sex, education, and smoking did not influence the adherence. There were regional differences in the diagnoses of asthma and COPD concerning intentional or unintentional nonadherence. Erratic and intentional nonadherence occurred more frequently with longer disease duration. When pMDIs were used as opposed to DPI devices, unintentional nonadherence to treatment was more frequent. Using pMDI instead of DPI was associated with a higher likelihood of observing erratic or intentional nonadherence in some regions of the country. There was a positive link between erratic nonadherence to therapy and an intentional or unintentional nonadherences to it. Conclusions: The rate of nonadherence to inhalation therapy for asthma and COPD in Bulgaria is very high and vary for the different regions. The TAI questionnaire allows a quick assessment and definition of the basic types of nonadherence. Correcting the causes of non-adherence to therapy reduces the frequency of exacerbations, improves quality of life, and prolongs the life expectancy of patients with asthma or COPD.

Accessibility of websites considers challenges related to creation of web pages adapted to user with different types of impairments. The goal of web accessibility is to remove barriers that may prevent people with disabilities from accessing or interacting with web content effectively. The paper presents some web accessibility standards and challenges related to their complying. A special attention is paid to some popular artificial intelligence tools and how they could be used to solve accessibility issues on web sites development.

The article examines issues of web accessibility ecosystems for people with special needs. Methods, models, accessibility standards, and technologies related to the structure, design, and functionality of the web accessibility ecosystem are studied. The stages of developing an accessibility ecosystem are explored. The accessibility of the design, functionalities, structure, and content of a particular ecosystem are presented. Several themes for the design of the system with an emphasis on its accessibility for blind users are explored and analyzed. UX/UI design and the ontological model of accessibility, used in the implementation of the model of the ecosystem and its elements, are studied. A web accessibility ecosystem model has been developed, compliant with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines and based on semantic technologies. Other qualities of this model are easy access to information resources on the topic of accessibility, convenience for users with different needs, and the possibility of expansion and enrichment in the future.

Piezoresistive microcantilever sensors for the detection of viruses, pathogens, and trace chemical gasses, with appropriate measurement and signal processing methods, can be a powerful instrument with high speed and sensitivity, with in situ and real-time capabilities. This paper discusses a novel method for mass sensing on the order of a few femtograms, using a dual-microcantilever piezoresistive sensor with a vibrating common base. The two microcantilevers have controllably shifted natural frequencies with only one of them being active. Two active piezoresistors are located on the surfaces of each of the two flexures, which are specifically connected in a Wheatstone bridge with two more equivalent passive resistors located on the sensor base. A dedicated experimental system measures the voltages of the two half-bridges and, after determining their amplitude–frequency responses, finds the modulus of their differences. The modified amplitude–frequency response possesses a cusp point which is a function of the natural frequencies of the microcantilevers. The signal processing theory is derived, and experiments are carried out on the temperature variation in the natural frequency of the active microcantilever. Theoretical and experimental data of the temperature–frequency influence and equivalent mass with the same impact are obtained. The results confirm the sensor’s applicability for the detection of ultra-small objects, including early diagnosis and prediction in microbiology, for example, for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, other viruses, and pathogens. The versatile nature of the method makes it applicable to other fields such as medicine, chemistry, and ecology.

Water scarcity is a growing problem in many regions. Therefore, intelligent management of the available water is needed. Aside from using water mains directly in households and farms, hydrophores are often used for local water system creation. Water tanks are filled with water when available in the water mains, and then the water is extracted with a hydrophore. Wells are also used as alternative water sources. Filling the tank manually requires human presence and can lead to water overflow. It is also better if the hydrophore is protected by switching it on or off depending on the water level measured, current, and pressure in its balloon. This paper presents a water management system designed to address these issues. The system utilizes various sensors to monitor water levels, pressure, and current. Microcontrollers analyze sensor data and control hydrophores and valves based on user-defined parameters. The system offers remote monitoring capabilities and can be configured for different water source scenarios (tanks vs. wells). The system was successfully implemented in real-world settings, including a factory. The benefits of the water management system include hydrophore protection, autonomous water management, and valuable data on well recovery rates and hydrophore operation cycles.

Digital technologies occupy an important place in today’s developing world. They are also strongly related to new trends in educational technologies. In this context, the digital accessibility of this new environment for people with various special needs is of particular concern. A novel tool for assessment of the technological ecosystem, designed to provide digital accessibility to people with special needs, is described in the paper. The overall structure and the initial test of the system are discussed in the paper. The conceptual framework of the ecosystem and its ontological model are described. Special attention is paid to the accessibility of digital learning and e-learning for people with special needs from a robotic perspective.

In this paper, a new type of self-excited thermomechanical oscillator containing an oscillating shape memory alloy (SMA) filament with two symmetrically arranged spheres is investigated. The self-excitation of the oscillations is due to a heater of constant temperature, which causes periodic contractions of the filament when it approaches it. The contracted filament moves away from the heater a distance sufficient to cool it. Under the action of the weight of the spheres, the cooled filament re-approaches the heater, causing the above processes to repeat periodically. On the basis of experimental studies, approximating functions of the heater’s heat field distribution are derived. A dynamic model of the oscillator has been created, in which the minor and major hysteresis in the SMA alloy and the distribution of the heat field around the heater have been taken into account. Through numerical solutions of the differential equations, the laws of motion of the spheres are obtained. The displacements of the spheres in two perpendicular directions were measured using an experimental system. The obtained experimental results validate the proposed dynamic model and its assumptions with a high degree of confidence. Conclusions are drawn about the stochastic nature of the oscillations due to the hysteresis properties of the SMA and the temperature variation of the natural frequency of the oscillating system.

Use of information and communication technologies are becoming a crucial part of our lives, which creates new opportunities for promoting Cultural Heritage through digital technologies and the internet. Use of techniques for intellectual property protection of digital content by cultural heritage institutions has gotten little attention up to this point. As technology evolves rapidly, concerns about protecting intellectual property have arisen, as digital content could be modified using freely available software. The paper focuses on watermarking techniques that could be used in the digitization process and analyses of algorithms for protecting intellectual property of digital heritage content.

Over the years studies of scientific publications were on the rise and controlling their content and references was almost impossible. With the provision of platforms like Scopus, Web of Science, and other science databases, this became much easier due to indexation and citation mechanisms incorporated in these databases. In the paper is made an overview of some popular scientific databases. The accessibility of the platforms to people with visual disabilities is investigated. Also, results from scientific research about application of scientific resources and databases in Kosovo’s education institutions are presented.

Digital accessibility to educational and informational resources for people with disabilities is an important part of contemporary life. Semantic organization of knowledge in the domain of accessibility provides a convenient way of extracting and organizing data. The paper focuses on semantic design techniques and related taxonomy models that could be used in the digitization process of resources intended of people with disabilities usage.

The paper discusses the synthesis problem of a bistable piston pump, employing a driving mechanism that comprises shape memory alloy wires, a two-section involute cam, and an energy-recuperating spring. The transition from one stable end position to another in the pump is achieved by heating and subsequently shortening one of the shape memory alloy wires, initiating the motion of the mechanism. This is then followed by the engagement of the recuperative spring to traverse the intermediate unstable equilibrium position and complete the entire stroke. The reversal of motion follows a similar approach, where the second SMA wire shortens while the first wire remains in a cold state. Importantly, the mechanism necessitates a low force within the shape memory alloy wire to initiate motion towards the opposite stable position. This research encompasses the examination of type, geometric, and force synthesis considerations for the pump, leading to the development of fundamental kinematic and force relationships. Moreover, a novel mechanism is proposed and synthesized, incorporating a two-section involute cam with a cusp point, to generate the desired discontinuous moment function produced by the recuperative spring. Further analysis reveals that the thermal time constant, which regulates the dynamic response of the mechanism, is directly proportional to the diameter of the driving SMA and inversely proportional to the square root of the number of SMA branches.

In the paper are discussed security problems related to online digital libraries and portals. Special attention is placed to one the methods to distinguish usage of online digital libraries from non-human users. The approaches known under the abbreviation CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) are considered in the context of their accessibility to the users with different types of disabilities.

Modern museums as well as other sectors that have their activity exposed to the internet process digital data. The digitalization of museums and other institutions that promote cultural heritage has gained momentum in recent years, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when their activities were completely closed to the public. Cybersecurity is based on preventive methods applied to maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of digital data and services provided. In the paper is presented an analysis of the principles and standards for the risk management of modern digital museums. The paper analyses the principles risk management and compliance requirements needed to assess the risk of modern digital museums, based on which institutions dealing with cultural heritage will be able to decide on the investments necessary for protection of their technologies and services they provide.

In a previous study, large variability in iodine content was found among samples of store brand retail milk at a single time point in a sampling taken from 24 nationwide U.S. locations for the USDA FoodData Central database, but the sampling plan was not designed to detect differences among locations. This follow-up study was carried out to evaluate iodine levels in retail milk across the U.S. over time. Milk samples (2% fat) were collected bimonthly in fourteen locations for one year and analyzed in duplicate. Control materials were used to support accuracy of results and ensure precision across analytical batches. The overall mean and standard error (SE) for iodine concentration were 82.5 (7.0) µg/240 mL serving, which was comparable to the previous national mean [85.0 (5.5) µg/240 mL]. A similar wide range among individual samples was detected (27.9–282 µg/240 mL). For some locations, the mean iodine concentration differed significantly from others, and differed from the national average by amounts ranging from −47 µg to +37 µg per serving. The between-sample range within location was large for some (up to 229 µg/serving) and minimal for others (as little as 13.2 µg/serving). These findings suggest iodine intake from some retail milk supplies could be over- or underestimated relative to the national average, even if the national average is suitable for population-wide intake estimates.

The popularity of smart sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) is growing in various fields and applications. Both collect and transfer data to networks. However, due to limited resources, deploying IoT in real-world applications can be challenging. Most of the algorithmic solutions proposed so far to address these challenges were based on linear interval approximations and were developed for resource-constrained microcontroller architectures, i.e., they need buffering of the sensor data and either have a runtime dependency on the segment length or require the sensor inverse response to be analytically known in advance. Our present work proposed a new algorithm for the piecewise-linear approximation of differentiable sensor characteristics with varying algebraic curvature, maintaining the low fixed computational complexity as well as reduced memory requirements, as demonstrated in a test concerning the linearization of the inverse sensor characteristic of type K thermocouple. As before, our error-minimization approach solved the two problems of finding the inverse sensor characteristic and its linearization simultaneously while minimizing the number of points needed to support the characteristic.

This paper demonstrates a case study of a combined application of smart materials in a thermal energy harvester with vibrating action. The conceptual design of the harvester is based on a Shape Memory Alloy wire attached to the free end of a piezoelectric flexible cantilever beam intended for generation of electrical energy utilizing a constant heat source. A mathematical model containing three differential equations describing the dynamics of the mechanical, electrical and thermal subsystems is developed. The Shape Memory Alloy hysteretic behaviour is considered in the mathematical model. An essential observation is the system oscillates at two frequencies lower one of which depends on the temperature time constant and the higher one is determined by the natural frequency of the mechanical subsystem. The comparison of the numerical solutions and the experimentally obtained graphs of the harvester output characteristics shows a good degree of coincidence.

This paper presents and examines a new design concept for a bistable reciprocating piston pump. The bistable pump mechanism belongs to the bistable mechanisms, which have two stable positions at the end of the suction and discharge strokes. The transition between the stable positions is achieved by using triggering force at each beginning of suction and discharge and subsequent movement using a recuperative spring. In this mechanism, the triggering forces are created by two Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires. Geometric and force expressions for the pump suction and discharge strokes are derived. Additional equations are obtained for the balance of moments for the two stable equilibrium positions and the unstable position in the middle of the stroke. Numerical studies have been conducted for the suction and discharge strokes, considering the force exerted by the gas on the piston, which is modelled by an indicator diagram assuming a polytropic process. It was found that the load on the mechanism has significant non-uniformity. The diagrams illustrating the distribution of total moments showed that the cold SMA wire shifted the point of instability. The numerical example shows how to choose the right spring stiffness to obtain energy recovery. In this way, the triggering SMA forces act only at the beginning of the two strokes and, after that, the recuperative forces substitute the action of the SMA forces. The theoretical relationships and methods presented here are suitable for synthesizing new pumps or analyzing similar mechanisms.

The paper presents an interdisciplinary research project "Digital Accessibility for People with Special Needs: Methodology, Conceptual Models and Innovative Ecosystems". The research is focused on research and creation of innovative methodology for building accessible environments and systems and improved performance for people with disabilities. One of the main tasks of the project is to create optimal and applicable conceptual models for digital accessibility.

The paper presents implementation of digital media tools and innovative technologies in open access presentation and sustainable preservation of cultural heritage objects, stored in museums. New digital preservation and curation tools like web sites, 3D modeling, virtual tours, and repositories, have been analyzed for usage in cultural heritage fields for memory institutions, museums, institutions, tourist routes, information centers and sites.

We study various two-point boundary value problems for the equation $x'''=f(t,x,x',x'')$. Using barrier strips type conditions, we give sufficient conditions guaranteeing positive or non-negative, monotone, convex or concave $C^3[0,1]$-solutions.

Introduction Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology, usually with multiple organ involvement. Pulmonary manifestation is the most common, clinically manifested by cough, dyspnea and respiratory failure. In about 30% of cases, the course is chronic. The chronic form causes progressive and life-threatening limitation of lung function. Fatal outcome due to the disease is observed in about 1-5% of patients. Materials and Methods The present study presents a case of a 62-year-old woman with undiagnosed sarcoidosis during her lifetime. She has been admitted for hospital treatment due to persistent fever and trophic changes in the limbs, diagnosed as chronic arterial and venous insufficiency 5th degree. After the death in the medical institution, a forensic autopsy of the body has been performed and a histopathological examination of intra-organ parts was performed. Results After analysis of the morphological finding during the autopsy, as well as the results of a subsequent histological examination, the cause of death has been established as acute respiratory failure, which has occurred due to advanced pulmonary and multiorgan chronic productive granulomatous process (sarcoidosis). Discussion The presented case study focuses on the possibility of chronic progressive multiorgan involvement due to sarcoidosis not to be diagnosed in time due to masking by severe endovascular disease. Conclusion The many unknown factors associated with the prevalence of sarcoidosis in the population, together with the ever-increasing number of reports of mortality due to complications of this disease, stress on the need to develop a program for targeted clinical recognition and diagnosis. The diagnostic challenge is even greater when another disease masks the clinical course of sarcoidosis.

In the paper we discuss the problem of building a web site that is accessible to the people with different disabilities. We show some basic guidelines that should be followed by the web site developers in order to complete this task. Also, some special web content accessibility testing tools are presented. Finally, we make special attention to accessibility of some of the most popular digital cultural heritage web archives.

Problems of search and enumeration of binary and ternary equidistant codes are considered in the paper. We investigate some combinatorial algorithms and develop specialized computer packages to find non-equivalent optimal binary and ternary equidistant codes for 3 ≤ d ≤ n ≤ 9.

In this work, we introduce and use an innovative approach for adaptive piecewise linear interval approximation of sensor characteristics, which are differentiable functions. The aim is to obtain a discreet type of inverse sensor characteristic, with a predefined maximum approximation error, with minimization of the number of points defining the characteristic, which in turn is related to the possibilities for using microcontrollers with limited energy and memory resources. In this context, the results from the study indicate that to overcome the problems arising from the resource constraints of smart devices, appropriate “lightweight” algorithms are needed that allow efficient connectivity and intelligent management of the measurement processes. The method has two benefits: first, low-cost microcontrollers could be used for hardware implementation of the industrial sensor devices; second, the optimal subdivision of the measurement range reduces the space in the memory of the microcontroller necessary for storage of the parameters of the linearized characteristic. Although the discussed computational examples are aimed at building adaptive approximations for temperature sensors, the algorithm can easily be extended to many other sensor types and can improve the performance of resource-constrained devices. For prescribed maximum approximation error, the inverse sensor characteristic is found directly in the linearized form. Further advantages of the proposed approach are: (i) the maximum error under linearization of the inverse sensor characteristic at all intervals, except in the general case of the last one, is the same; (ii) the approach allows non-uniform distribution of maximum approximation error, i.e., different maximum approximation errors could be assigned to particular intervals; (iii) the approach allows the application to the general type of differentiable sensor characteristics with piecewise concave/convex properties.

The present paper introduces a cloud-based expert system for synthesis and evolutionary optimization of planar linkages. The kinematic structure of the linkage is composed by the modular approach based on Assur’s groups. The dyads are represented as functional blocks with input and output variables. The applied approach for obtaining the geometrical relationships between the input and the output variables of the dyads is based on the use of homogeneous transformation matrices. The developed software system allows a dimensional synthesis of planar linkages by using genetic optimization algorithms. One feature is remote creation of the models of genetic algorithms as well as the receiving of the results by means of a user-friendly interface. By exploiting the application, the user can produce and edit the initial information about the synthesized or optimized linkage; thus he can receive the calculation results as a web page and/or as MS Excel file. An additional mutation of the best chromosome genes by scanning of every gene within its searching space improves the optimal solution. The analyzed numerical case studies show the applicability of the developed software system for mechanism analysis, synthesis and optimization. Because the number of genes is not limited, the linkages with a very big number of design variables can be synthesized by exploiting the developed approach.

The paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of a thermo-mechanical model of an actuator composed of a shape memory alloy wire arranged in series with a bias spring. The developed mathematical model considers the dynamics of the actuator in the thermal and mechanical domains. The modelling accuracy is increased through the developed algorithm for modelling the minor and sub minor hystereses, thus removing the disadvantages of the classical model. The algorithm improves the accuracy, especially when using pulse-width modulation control, for which minor and sub minor hystereses are likely to occur. Experimental studies show that the system is very sensitive, and there are physical factors whose presence cannot be considered in the mathematical model. The experimental research has shown that setting constant values of the duty cycle is impossible to obtain a stable value of displacement and force. The comparison between the developed mathematical model results and the experimental results shows that the differences are acceptable. The improved modelling serves as a basis for designing such actuators and creating an improved automatic feedback control system to maintain a given displacement (force) or trajectory tracking.

In the paper we present services provided by some of the popular cultural heritage application programming interfaces (API). We show how they could be used from third applications software applications. Finally, we develop tools that use this APIs in order to search and visualize data.

This research presents some of the problems in developing digital cultural resources for educational application of serious games. A model of wide access to context-based knowledge is considered. Some elements of gaming have been explored when creating learning modules and tools for contextual use of digital cultural resources and making them accessible to people with visual disabilities. The modeling of an accessible game module is presented by applying selected accessibility criteria to people with special educational needs.

The aim of our research is to trace and passport the Russian bells in Bulgaria on the way of the Russian troops from the Danube to Shipka, given in gratitude for the help provided during the Russian-Turkish War (1877-1878). We base our research on previous similar projects that we have successfully completed. In this paper we formulate stages of our project and present current situation in their completeness.

Travel times for simple trips and cycles are analyzed for a storage/retrieval machine working in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional zone with taxicab geometry. A semi-random trip is defined as one-way travel from a known to a random location or vice versa. A random trip is defined as one-way travel from a random to another random location. The probability density function (PDF) of the travelling time for a semi-random trip in a one-dimensional zone is expressed analytically for all possible locations of its starting point. The PDF of a random trip within the same zone is found as a marginal probability by considering all possible durations for such travel. Then the PDFs for the travel times of single command (SC) and dual command (DC) cycles are obtained by scaling the PDF for the travel time of a semi-random trip (for SC) and as the maximum travel time of two independent semi-random trips (for DC). PDFs for travel times in a two-dimensional service zone with taxicab geometry are calculated by considering the trip as a superposition of two one-dimensional trips. The PDFs for travel times of SC and DC cycles are calculated in the same way. Both the one-dimensional and the two-dimensional service zones are analyzed in the time domain without normalization. The PDFs for all travel times are expressed in an analytical form parameterized by the maximal possible travel time within the zone. The graphs of all PDFs are illustrated by numerical examples.

The paper presents an online platform with textual data, images, audio and video recordings related to bell knowledge. It was designed to provide digital data for representation of acquired knowledge. The platform includes data repository of bell knowledge objects and a new search engine.

The article is a summary of a multi-year research into certification of bells of 16 th - early 20 th centuries collected as a result of liturgical instruments study of 287 bell towers, churches and museums. Analysis of archives from Belarus contributed to the research resurrecting knowledge about lost bell heritage. This is also the first attempt to discuss the establishment of digital Belarusian Historic Bells Archive and introduction of campan handling basic trainings into educational programs of religious educational establishments.

This paper presents digital knowledge including context-based annotations of objects in the field of cultural heritage. Some major problems and solutions of digitalization of items, their processing, storing and organizing them in a repository are highlighting. We show how graph databases could be used as data management platform.

We present new approaches used in development of the demo version of a WEB based client/server system that contains an archival fund with folklore materials of the Folklore Institute at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS). Some new methods for image and text securing to embed watermarks in system data are presented. A digital watermark is a visible or perfectly invisible, identification code that is permanently embedded in the data and remains present within the data after any decryption process. We have also developed improved tools and algorithms for analyzing of the database too.

The problems of protection of semantic organized data and encryption of RDF graph are investigated. Technologies used in the construction of a semantic network are presented. XML-encryption and standardization of semantically structured content for XML signature are described. We perform encryption of XML data associated with the semantic representation of data for a kind of percussion instruments.

Protection and preservation of cultural and historical heritage are particularly relevant today. The paper presents essence and challenges in the process of three-dimensional scanning of objects. Special attention is paid to the methodology of 3D scanning of cultural artifacts.

We present a solution of the problem of multiplication of Schwartz distributions by embedding the space of distributions into a differential algebra of generalized functions, called in the paper asymptotic function, similar to but different from J. F Colombeau's algebras of new generalized functions.

Protection and preservation of our cultural and literary historical and documentary heritage are particularly relevant today. The paper presents methods for creating digital resources of historical artifacts related to the Balkan war. Special attention is paid to the process of 3D scanning of objects. The methodology will be used in building an electronic archive and Virtual Museum.

We describe an ontological representation of data in an archive containing detailed description of church bells. As an object of cultural heritage the bell has general properties such as geometric dimensions, weight, sound of each of the bells, the pitch of the tone as well as acoustical diagrams obtained using contemporary equipment. We use Protégé platform in order to define basic o ntological objects and relations between them.

This paper presents a research of linguistic structure of Bulgarian bells knowledge. The idea of building semantic structure of Bulgarian bells appeared during the “Multimedia fund – BellKnow” project. In this project was collected a lots of data about bells, their structure, history, technical data, etc. This is the first attempt for computation linguistic explain of bell knowledge and deliver a semantic representation of that knowledge. Based on this research some linguistic components, aiming to realize different types of analysis of text objects are implemented in term dictionaries. Thus, we lay the foundation of the linguistic analysis services in these digital dictionaries aiding the research of kinds, number and frequency of the lexical units that constitute various bell objects.

The key to prosperity in today's world is access to digital content and skills to create new content. Investigations of folklore artifacts is the topic of this article, presenting research related to the national program „K nowledge Technologies for Creation of Digital Presentation and Significant Repositories of Folklore Heritage” (FolkKnow). FolkKnow aims to build a digital multimedia archive "Bulgarian Folklore Heritage” (BFH) and virtual information portal with folk medi a library of digitized multimedia objects from a selected collection of the fund of Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum (IEFSEM) of the Bulgarian Academy of Science (BAS). The realization of the project FolkKnow gives opportunity for wide social applications of the multimedia collections, for the purposes of Interactive distance learning/self-learning, research activities in the field of Bulgarian traditional culture and for the cultural and ethno-tourism. We study, analyze and implement techniques and methods for digitization of multimedia objects and their annotation. In the paper are discussed specifics approaches used to building and protect a digital archive with multimedia content. Tasks can be systematized in the following guidelines:  Digitization of the selected samples  Analysis of the objects in order to determine the metadata of selected artifacts from selected collections and problem areas  Digital multimedia archive  Socially-oriented applications and virtual exhibitions artery  Frequency dictionary tool for texts with folklore themes  A method of modern technologies of protecting intellectual property and copyrights on digital content developed for use in digital exposures

We investigate digitalization and security of the Bulgarian and Indian cultural artifacts in multimedia archive. In the paper we describe project implementation and methods for intellectual property protection that are result of bilateral cultural and scientific cooperation between research-workers in India and Bulgaria.

Modern technologies have changed the way of presenting information in archives. This makes it possible to introduce new services, which was unimaginable a few years ago. Digitalization, security and virtual presentation of objects in the sphere of motoring by application of technologies, based on knowledge about how to create digital resources is the theme of this project. The aim of AutoKnow project is to carry out a research and create a multimedia digital archive AutoKnow and Experimental Virtual Motor Laboratory (EVML) with Motor Library (ML) from digital multi-media patterns from a selected group of objects in the sphere of automobile technology, presented by NMU. This makes it possible to widely apply multi-media collections in automobile engineering, teaching, research work in that sphere and serve the interests of a large number of auto-amateurs as well in Bulgaria. The research and development of АutoKnow is in the following mutually related fields: - Creation and annotation of collections of objects in the sphere of automobiles; - Creation, analysis and security of a digital archive AutoKnow; - Design and creation of Digital Motor Library; - Socially-oriented applications in education, scientific studies and Experimental Virtual Motor Laboratory; - Informational System for teaching and testing of knowledge in the sphere of automobiles MindCheck.

The aim was to develop an archive containing detailed description of church bells. As an object of cultural heritage the bell has general properties such as geometric dimensions, weight, sound of each of the bells, the pitch of the tone as well as acoustical diagrams obtained using contemporary equipment. The audio, photo and video archive is developed by using advanced technologies for analysis, reservation and data protection.