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Environment is an important concern and also treated as a knowledge field viz. Environment Science, Environment Studies, Environment Engineering, Environment Management, etc. Environmental Informatics is the combination of Environment which includes allied branches and subjects from the environment side and Informatics which includes all allied branches and subjects from the informatics and IT side. All the environment-related subjects can get the benefit of Environmental Informatics for their different sorts by different means. Environmental Statistical applications also need Computational tools and so Environmental Informatics will be the right solution for such concern. Environmental Informatics uses different tools, techniques, and sub-technologies of Information Technology and few also from the Computer Science or allied branches. Due to its wider benefits and different applications, many educational institutes are offering the field with Bachelors, Masters and Research Degrees in the concerned field as well as in allied fields. As far as research is concerned the research in different forms are conducted by academicians, researchers and scientist. This paper provides comprehensive details on Environmental Informatics research opportunities and potentialities in Indian and international context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of CdZnS thin films using the chemical bath deposition process in non-aqueous media is a technological challenge. In this work, 75 millilitres of ethylene glycol and ethanol (1:2 ratios) were used to develop a CdZnS thin film on ITO and FTO glass substrates using cadmium acetate, zinc sulphate, and thiourea. The ideal bath temperature was kept at 130°C and the anneal temperature of the film that had been deposited in the air was maintained at 350°C. The films have been examined using FTIR, WCA, FESEM, and XRD. XRD studies reveal that CdZnS films have a hexagonal crystal structure with a preference for orientation (002) during the deposition and annealing processes and the assessment of the various attributes have been done, such as dislocation density, micro strain, and grain size. FESEM study indicates that as deposited film on ITO glass have smooth surface and grains appear in the form of small needle shape of equal sizes where as FTO substrate reveals the grains of equal size throughout the entire surface in cluster form. It is also confirmed that both the CdZnS films formed on ITO and FTO substrates have hydrophilic quality. The presence of chemical bonds and functional groups was confirmed by FTIR analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this paper is to present a new iteration process. We will show that our process is faster than the known recent iterative schemes. We discuss stability results of our iteration and prove some results in the context of uniformly convex Banach space for Suzuki generalized nonexpansive mappings. We also present a numerical example for proving the rate of convergence of our results. Our results improves many known results of the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdS is one of the important II-VI compound semiconductors having wide applications in various optoelectronic devices. It has also proved to be a promising material for solar cell and biolabeling applications. The present work reports the synthesis of undoped and transition metal (Cu and Ni) doped CdS nanoparticles. The synthesis of pure and doped CdS nanoparticles have been carried out in aqueous medium by microwave assisted solvo thermal method using cadmium acetate, nickel chloride, copper chloride and sodium sulphide as precursors. The study of structural, morphological and optical properties was done by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The crystal structure and morphology of the as synthesized nanoparticles have been studied by X- ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The XRD spectrum confirms the crystallanity of the samples. The size of the nanocrystallites was calculated using Debye-Scherrer formula. The average crystallite size was found to be around 8 nm for undoped CdS and it was around 4.5 nm for Cu doped CdS and 4.0 nm for Ni doped CdS nanoparticles. For the determination of the different functional groups present on the surface of the synthesized nanoparticles, FTIR spectra were also recorded. The absorption spectra were recorded using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The energy band gap of as synthesized nanoparticles was estimated usingTauc plot.The result of UV-Visible spectra shows that the band gap of doped CdS increases as compared to that of pure CdS, clearly indicating the blue shift of the bandgap values from the bulk CdS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdS is one of the II-VI compounds and is a promising material for its biolabeling properties and optoelectronic applications. In this work, CdS nanoparticles are grown by microwave assisted method using Cadmium-Acetate and Thioacetamide as a precursor solution. CdS nanoparticles were characterized for structural, optical and morphological study by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) respectively. The optical band-gap of CdS nanoparticles is found to be 3.84 eV from the absorbance spectra. The XRD peaks confirm the cubic structure of CdS and the particle size of synthesized CdS nanoparticles was found to be 5-7 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by Microwave assisted irradiation method. The obtained ZnS nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD characterization of the samples were taken which verify the crystalline form of the samples and also the average size of the nanocrystallites were measured by Debye- Scherrer formula as per the XRD spectrum, which was found to be around 6 nm. The surface morphology of the ZnS nanocrystallites was taken by Scanning Electron Microscopy. The UV-Visible absorption spectra of the nanocrystallites were taken and the optical bandgap of the ZnS nanocrystals were found to be 3.76 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl red dye using Mn(5%) doped CdS nanoparticles was studied. Mn doped CdS nanoparticles was synthesized by microwave assisted solvo thermal method where the chemicals used wereCadmium Acetate [(CH3COO)2Cd, H2O], Manganese Chloride [MnCl2.2H2O] and Sodium Sulfide [Na2S.xH2O]. X-Ray diffraction(XRD) analysis was carried out in order to analyze the structural dimensions of the synthesized nanoparticles and the average crystallite size has been calculated at the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peaks using Debye-Scherer equation and it was found to be around2.3nm. FTIR spectra analysis was done in order to analyze different functional and vibrational groups present in the as synthesized sample of Mn doped CdSnanoparticles. The morphology of sample wasstudied by scanning electron microscope. The aqueous solution of methyl red[C15H15N3O2] has been prepared and was mixed with the as synthesized Mn doped CdSnanoparticles and was exposed for photocatalytic degradation using 100 W bulb. UV-visible spectra of the light irradiated methyl red solutions were studied at different interval of time and no red shift was observed with increase of exposure time. The intensity of the absorption peak was also found to be reduced with the increasing time interval. The photo degradation of methyl red dye was observed up to 90% at the exposure time of 90 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using pseudolite or pseudo satellite, a proven technology for ground and space applications for the augmentation of GPS, is proposed for underwater navigation. Global positioning systems (GPS) like positioning for underwater system, needs minimum of four pseudolite-ranging signals for pseudo-range and accumulated delta range measurements. Using four such measurements and using the models of underwater attenuation and delays, the navigation solution can be found. However, for application where the one-way ranging does not give good accuracy, alternative algorithms based upon the bi-directional and self-difference ranging is proposed using self- calibrated pseudolite array algorithm. The hardware configuration is proposed for pseudolite transceiver for making the self-calibrated array. The pseudolite array, fixed or moored under the sea, can give position fixing similar to GPS for underwater applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese-doped cadmium sulphide semiconductor nanoparticles (CdS: Mn) NPs have been created utilizing a microwave-assisted solvothermal technique at different Mn concentrations (0, 1%, 3%, and 5%). The chemicals utilized for the preparation of Mndoped CdS nanoparticles were sodium sulphide (Na2S.xH2O), manganese chloride (MnCl2.4H2O), and cadmium acetate (CH3COO)2Cd., H2O). To determine the structural dimensions of the generated nanoparticles, the Debye-Scherer equation was used to calculate the average crystallite size at the full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peaks. FTIR spectra analysis was used to look at the various functional and vibrational groups present in the Mn-doped CdS nanoparticle sample. The structure features of the produced nanoparticles have been examined using X-ray diffraction patterns. Energy dispersive X-rays were employed to ascertain the chemical composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. The optical properties and quantification of the energy band gap of the nanoparticles have been done using UV-V spectroscopy. According to XRD calculations, the cubic zinc-blend structure of the generated NPs had a crystal size of between 4 and 7 nm. By using EDX spectroscopy, the incorporation of Mn at the CdS lattice was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles (NPs) of CdSe, a II-VI binary chalcogenide and Mg doped CdSenanoparticles have been prepared by Microwave assisted method at room temperature. CdSe nanoparticles have size-dependent photo-luminescence properties and promising applications in light emitting devices and anti-reflecting coating. The synthesis of pure and Mg doped CdSe nanoparticles was performed using cadmium chloride (CdCl2), Selenium (Se) powder, Magnesium (Mg) powder with the presence of Deionized water, Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) and Hydrazine hydrate (N2H4). The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized for their structural, optical and morphological properties using XRD, TEM, FTIR and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The particle size was calculated from XRD image using Debye-Scherrer formula and the average diameter of CdSe and Mg doped CdSe nanoparticles was found to be around 13 nm and 18 nm. The absorption spectra obatained by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy was taken from 200 - 800 nm. The optical band gap of nanoparticles was calculated by Tauc equation and was 3.88 eV and 3.70 eV respectively for pure and Mg doped CdSe nanoparticles. Doping Mg is a simple way to control the light emission wavelength because of assumed blue shift in absorption spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of cationic peptide JM21 onto different mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) from an aqueous solution was studied as a function of pH. In agreement with the literature, the highest loading degrees could be achieved at pH close to the isoelectric point of the peptide where the peptide-peptide repulsion is minimum. However, mesopore size, mesopore geometry, and surface polarity all had an influence on the peptide adsorption in terms of both affinity and maximum loading at a given pH. This adsorption behavior could largely be explained by a combination of pH-dependent electrostatic interactions and confinement effects. It is demonstrated that hydrophobic interactions enhance the degree of peptide adsorption under pH conditions where the electrostatic attraction was absent in the case of mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs). The lower surface concentration of silanol groups for MON led to a lower level of peptide adsorption under optimum pH conditions compared to all-silica particles. Finally, the study confirmed the protective role of MSNs in preserving the biological activity of JM#21 against enzymatic degradation, even for large-pore MSNs, emphasizing their potential as nanocarriers for therapeutic peptides. By integrating experimental findings with theoretical modeling, this research elucidates the complex interplay of factors that influence peptide-silica interactions, providing vital insights for optimizing peptide loading and stabilization in biomedical applications.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a largely incurable cancer type. Its high mortality is attributed to the lack of efficient biomarkers for early detection combined with its high metastatic properties. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of NF-κB signaling in the development and metastasis of PDAC. We used the well-established KPC mouse model, and, through genetic manipulation, we deleted NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) in the pancreata of KPC mice. Interestingly, NEMO deletion altered the differentiation status of the primary tumor but did not significantly affect its development. However, in the absence of NEMO, the median survival of the mice was prolonged by 13.5 days (16%). In addition, examination of the liver demonstrated that, whereas KPC mice occasionally developed liver macro-metastasis, NEMO deletion completely abrogated this outcome. Further analysis of the tumor revealed that the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors was diminished in the absence of NEMO. Conclusively, our study provides evidence that NF-κB is dispensable for the progression of high-grade PanINs towards PDAC. In contrast, NF-κB signaling is essential for the development of metastasis by regulating the gene expression program of EMT.