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Objective To determine the acceptability of keeping a self-written health diary among members of low-income communities, with the aim of generating needed health data. Methods We identified three different types of impoverished communities (tribal, inner-city slum and rural) in north India, and conducted a baseline survey to establish the sociodemographic properties of the members of 595 (tribal), 446 (slum) and 51 (rural) households. We designed health diaries with a single page to fill in per month, each with a carbon duplicate, and distributed diaries to willing participants. Health volunteers visited households each month to assist with diary completion and to collect duplicate pages for a period of one year. We compared the frequency of illnesses reported in health diaries with baseline survey data. Findings A total of 4881 diary users (tribal: 2205; slum: 2185; rural: 491) participated in our project. In terms of acceptability, 49.6% (1093/2205), 64.7% (1413/2185) and 79.0% (388/491) at the tribal, slum and rural sites, respectively, expressed satisfaction with the scheme and a willingness to continue. In the tribal and slum areas, we observed increased reporting of illnesses from health diaries when compared with baseline data. We observed that influenza-like illnesses were reported with the highest frequency of 58.9% (2972/5044) at the tribal site. Conclusion We observed high levels of acceptability and participation among the communities. From our initial field studies, we have observed the benefits to both our study participants (timely preventive education and referrals) and to service providers (obtaining health data to allow improved planning). Objectif Determiner si les membres des communautes a faible revenu sont prets a accepter de tenir eux-memes un carnet de sante afin de generer les donnees requises en la matiere. Methodes Nous avons identifie trois differents types de communautes defavorisees (communautes tribales, bidonvilles en milieu urbain et communautes rurales) en Inde du Nord. Nous avons mene une enquete de reference afin de definir les caracteristiques sociodemographiques des membres de 595 menages parmi les communautes tribales, 446 dans les bidonvilles et 51 parmi les communautes rurales. Nous avons concu des carnets de sante comportant une page a remplir par mois, chacune munie d'une copie carbone, et les avons distribues aux participants. Pendant un an, les volontaires de sante ont rendu visite aux menages chaque mois pour les aider a completer leur carnet et recolter les copies carbone. Nous avons compare la frequence des maladies mentionnees dans les carnets de sante avec les donnees de l'enquete de reference. Resultats Au total, 4881 personnes ont participe a notre projet et tenu un carnet de sante (communautes tribales: 2205; bidonvilles: 2185; communautes rurales: 491). En termes d'acceptation, 49,6% (1093/2205) des membres de communautes tribales, 64,7% (1413/2185) des habitants de bidonvilles et 79,0% (388/491) des membres de communautes rurales ont exprime leur satisfaction vis-a-vis du systeme et sont prets a continuer. Dans les deux premieres communautes, nous avons remarque qu'un plus grand nombre de maladies etaient signalees dans les carnets de sante que dans les donnees de reference. Nous avons egalement constate que c'est dans les communautes tribales que les syndromes grippaux ont ete les plus frequemment rapportes, avec 58,9% (2972/5044). Conclusion Nous avons observe un niveau eleve d'acceptation et de participation au sein des communautes. En examinant nos etudes initiales sur le terrain, nous avons pu voir les avantages de cette methode pour nos participants (education preventive et renvoi vers un specialiste dans un delai convenable) et pour les prestataires de services (obtention de donnees sur la sante permettant d'ameliorer la planification). Objetivo Determinar la aceptabilidad de llevar un diario de salud escrito por uno mismo entre los miembros de las comunidades de bajos ingresos, con el objetivo de generar los datos de salud necesarios. Metodos Identificamos tres tipos diferentes de comunidades empobrecidas (tribales, barrios marginales del centro de la ciudad y rurales) en el norte de la India, y realizamos una encuesta de referencia para establecer las propiedades sociodemograficas de los miembros de 595 (tribales), 446 (barrios marginales) y 51 (rurales) hogares. Se disenaron diarios de salud con una sola pagina para rellenar al mes, cada uno con un duplicado en papel carbon, y se distribuyeron los diarios a los participantes dispuestos. Los voluntarios sanitarios visitaron los hogares cada mes para ayudar a rellenar el diario y recoger los duplicados durante un ano. Se comparo la frecuencia de las enfermedades declaradas en los diarios de salud con los datos de la encuesta de referencia. Resultados Un total de 4.881 usuarios de diarios (tribales: 2.205; de barrios marginales: 2.185; rurales: 491) participaron en nuestro proyecto. En cuanto a la aceptabilidad, el 49,6% (1093/2205), el 64,7% (1413/2185) y el 79,0% (388/491) de las zonas tribal, barrios marginales y rural, respectivamente, expresaron su satisfaccion con el programa y su voluntad de continuar. En las zonas tribales y de barrios marginales, observamos un aumento de la notificacion de enfermedades en los diarios de salud en comparacion con los datos de partida. Observamos que las enfermedades similares a la gripe se notificaron con la mayor frecuencia, el 58,9% (2972/5044), en la zona tribal. Conclusion Hemos observado altos niveles de aceptacion y participacion entre las comunidades. A partir de nuestros estudios iniciales sobre el terreno, hemos observado los beneficios tanto para nuestros participantes en el estudio (educacion preventiva oportuna y remisiones) como para los proveedores de servicios (obtencion de datos sanitarios que permiten mejorar la planificacion)., Introduction The third sustainable development goal (SDG) aims to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. The 2030 SDG targets include reducing mortality through education and [...]

This article describes the automatic spray pyrolysis deposition (ASPD) process for the synthesis of hierarchically structured 3D nanoporous vanadium oxide (V2O5) transparent material on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. The deposition of material occurs at 673 K using an aqueous solution of NH4VO3, with a constant solution spray rate of 10 mL min−1 and airflow rate of 10 L min−1. Structural analysis confirms the pure orthorhombic structure formation of the V2O5 material, while FE‐SEM images show a well‐organized 3D spongy‐like porous architecture. The excellent conformality of the ASPD enables the deposition of high‐aspect‐ratio 3D structured nanoporous V2O5 electrodes for next‐generation supercapacitor applications. The hierarchical structured 3D nanoporous V2O5 electrode exhibits superior electrochemical performance in a 1M Na2SO3 electrolyte. Within the potential window 0 to ‐1.3 V, the electrode archives the highest specific capacitance (SC) of 453.32 F g−1 and also retains 86% of its capacitance after 5000 cycles. These properties mainly originate from the crystallinity, 3D nanoporous structure, and fast and easy ionic intercalation through the material. Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor device using this electrode is fabricated and which yields outstanding electrochemical performance. Overall, the results highlight the potential of 3D nanoporous V2O5 as an outstanding electrode material for next‐generation supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Confined catalysis between a two-dimensional (2D) cover and metal surfaces has provided a unique environment with enhanced activity compared to uncovered metal surfaces. Within this 2D confinement, weakened adsorption and lowered activation energies were observed using surface science experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Computationally, the role of electronic and mechanical factors responsible for the improved activity was deduced only from static DFT calculations. This demands a detailed investigation on the dynamics of reactions under 2D confinement, including temperature effects. In this work, we study CO oxidation on a 2D graphene covered Pt(111) surface at 90 and 593 K using DFT-based ab initio molecular dynamics simulations starting from the transition state configuration. We show that CO oxidation in the presence of a graphene cover is substantially enhanced (2.3 times) at 90 K. Our findings suggest that 2D confined spaces can be used to enhance the activity of chemical reactions, especially at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, immense attention has been paid toward the rational design and synthesis of high-power density electrodes materials for high-power supercapattery applications. In the present work, ZnFe2O4 nanostructures with unique cauliflower-like morphology were deposited on a flexible nickel foam substrate using a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly electrodeposition method. The synthesized nanostructures were thoroughly examined by using structural, morphological, and electrochemical characterization techniques. Electrochemical studies of cauliflower-like nanostructured ZnFe2O4 electrode show a deviation from normal behavior and favored a mixed supercapacitor-battery-type nature. The value of specific capacity is obtained as 513 C g−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1. The cauliflower-like nanostructured ZnFe2O4 electrode exhibits remarkable energy density and power density of 8.72 Wh kg−1 and 306.25 W kg−1 , respectively. Also, it shows long-term cyclic stability up to 5000 cycles with a maximum capacitance retention rate of 72%. These results signify that the high electrochemical performance and excellent stability of the cauliflower-like nanostructured ZnFe2O4 electrode material relate to their unique architecture, high energy, and power density for supercapattery devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript introduces an innovative six-way power divider design using substrate integrated waveguide technology, specifically tailored for applications in both X-band and Cband frequencies. The utilization of SIW technology in this design offers significant advantages, including exceptional isolation between output ports, and a high level of return loss. Additionally, the design incorporates a coaxial port at its center, facilitating the analysis of the power divider's performance. This coaxial port can also serve as a feeding structure for an antenna array, adding to its versatility. The simulation results indicate that the input return loss for port 1 of the power divider exceeds 23dB, demonstrating excellent performance. Furthermore, the design has been successfully fabricated, and the measured results align with the expected performance standards, affirming its practicality and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]