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[L.sub.3] subshell fluorescence yields ([[omega].sub.3]) have been determined experimentally for the compounds of Hg, Pb, and Bi and Pb element using Indus-2 synchrotron radiation available at RRCAT, India. Compounds with the same chemical bonding and oxidation state but different crystal structure have been selected in the present investigation to understand the effect of solid-state environment on [[omega].sub.3]. The characteristic L X-ray spectra of the element and compounds were generated by synchrotron radiation and then recorded with a Vortex-90EX silicon drift detector. By measuring intensities of the characteristic [L.sub.[alpha]] X-ray photons, the [[omega].sub.3] have been determined and compared with theoretical values and other available experimental values. Comparison between the experimental and the theoretical values indicates that the solid-state environment plays a significant role on the a3 for the selected compounds. Key words: fluorescence yields, synchrotron, L X-rays, L subshell. Nous determinons experimentalement le rendement de fluorescence (a3) de la sous-couche [L.sub.3] pour des composee de Hg, Pb et Bi et pour l'element Pb, en utilisant la radiation synchrotron de l'accelerateur Indus-2, disponible au RRCAT en Inde. Les composes avec les memes liaison chimique et etat d'oxydation, mais avec differentes structures cristallines, sont selectionnes de facon deliberee de facon a comprendre l'effet d'un environnement de matiere condensee sur le rendement de fluorescence (a3) de la sous-couche [L.sub.3]. Les spectres X de la couche L sont generes par exposition a la radiation synchrotron et enregistres par detecteur au Si a derive Vortex-EX90. En mesurant les intensites de photons X caracteristiques [L.sub.[alpha]], nous determinons les rendements de fluorescence de la sous-couche [L.sub.3] et les comparons aux valeurs theoriques et experimentales disponibles. La comparaison entre les valeurs experimentales et les valeurs theoriques indique que l'environnement de matiere condensee joue un role significatif sur les rendements de fluorescence ([[omega].sub.3]) pour les composes selectionnes. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: rendements de fluorescence, synchrotron, rayons-X L, sous-couche [L.sub.3], environnement etat solide., Introduction It is well known that the photon of energy greater than L shell binding energy of electrons of target atom can create vacancies in the L and higher shells [...]

Sustainable and efficient food supply chain has become an essential component of one's life. The model proposed in this paper is deeply linked to people's quality of life as a result of which there is a large incentive to fulfil customer demands through it. This proposed model can enhance food quality by making the best possible food quality accessible to customers, construct a sustainable logistics system considering its environmental impact and ensure the customer demand to be fulfilled as fast as possible. In this paper, an extended model is examined that builds a unified planning problem for efficient food logistics operations where four important objectives are viewed: minimising the total expense of the system, maximising the average food quality along with the minimisation of the amount of CO2 emissions in transportation along with production and total weighted delivery lead time minimisation. A four objective mixed integer linear programming model for intelligent food logistics system is developed in the paper. The optimisation of the formulated mathematical model is proposed using a modified multi-objective particle swarm optimisation algorithm with multiple social structures: MO-GLNPSO (Multi-Objective Global Local Near-Neighbour Particle Swarm Optimisation). Computational results of a case study on a given dataset as well as on multiple small, medium and large-scale datasets followed by sensitivity analysis show the potency and effectiveness of the introduced method. Lastly, there has been a scope for future study displayed which would lead to the further progress of these types of models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]