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Chrysopogon densipaniculatus, a remarkable new species has been described and illustrated from Korba district of Chhattisgarh, India. The species is allied to C. serrulatus but may be distinguished by the dense panicle inflorescence, glandular peduncle, upper lemma and palea of the pedicelled spikelet bi-dentate to tridentate, the latter of which is reduced a minute scale. Detailed morphological description, distribution, habitat and ecology, illustration of floral parts and colour photographs, IUCN conservation status and relevant taxonomic notes of the species are provided. A key for the identification of Chrysopogon species in India is also given to facilitate the proper identification.

The study purposes to analyses the influence of parents’ roles in their children’s learning, and claim the suitable parenting style with argumentations. The parents’ roles or accountability in children’s overall learning have been categorized into various parenting styles, i.e. authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved. A few types of research have indicated that parents in traditional societies have been exercising authoritarian parenting as a solution to make their children true followers. The national and international legal provisions are against this authoritarian parenting. On the contrary, most research has shown that authoritative parenting is the best style for children’s learning. It makes the children create socially valued self-esteem, develop social skills, democratic values, and personality traits, and value discipline. This theoretical study concludes that authoritative parenting makes children learn about humanism, mutual relationships, receptivity, conscientiousness, administer fair and consistent discipline, encourage independence, and express warmth and nurturance. The argumentations and claims under the discussion section signify the value of authoritative parenting.

Key to the species of Chrysopogon in India 1. Racemes short, reduced to a triad of 1 sessile and 2 pedicelled spikelets (rarely with 1���4 spikelet pairs in C. gryllus); lower glume smooth, not tuberculated....................................................................................................................................................................2 1. Racemes long, multi-spiculated; lower glume tuberculated (Vetiveria group)................................................................................22 2. Pedicels half as long as the sessile spikelets or longer.......................................................................................................................3 2. Pedicels shorter than half as long as the sessile spikelets................................................................................................................15 3. Pedicels of the pedicelled spikelets glabrous or nearly so.................................................................................................................4 3. Pedicels of the pedicelled spikelets villous with rusty or pale hairs..................................................................................................7 4. Culms creeping at the base; sessile spikelets 3.5���4.5 mm long; callus 3.0���6.0 mm long, decurrent, needle like......... C. aciculatus 4. Culms erect; sessile spikelets 5.0��� 10 mm long; callus less than 2.5 mm long, not decurrent or needle like....................................5 5. Panicle lax, bearing a few racemes; sessile spikelets 8.0��� 10 mm long; geniculate awn 6.0���7.0 cm long..................... C. castaneus 5. Panicle contracted, bearing several racemes; sessile spikelets 5.0���8.0 mm long; geniculate awn 2.5���5.0 cm long.........................6 6. Culms robust, more than 95 cm high; leaves sparsely pilose on ad-axial surface; lower glume of sessile spikelets with a row of black spicules on each side of the midrib; upper glume witharista ca. 6.5 mm long........................................................... C. gryllus 6. Culms slender, less than 95 cm high; leaves glabrous; lower glume of sessile spikelets minutely scaberulous-spinulose towards the truncate-notched apex; upper glume exaristate or shortly aristate from the notch................................................................. C. copei 7. Lower glume of pedicelled spikelet not awned..................................................................................................................................8 7. Lower glume of pedicelled spikelet awned......................................................................................................................................10 8. Leaves up to 2.0 mm broad; upper glume of pedicelled spikelet awned; awn of upper lemma of sessile spikelet more than 4.5 cm long............................................................................................................................................................................. C. tadulingamii 8. Leaves more than 3 mm broad; upper glume of pedicelled spikelet awnless; awn of upper lemma of sessile spikelet less than 4.0 cm long...............................................................................................................................................................................................9 9. Basal sheaths silky; leaf bladesca. 50 cm long, glabrous; sessile spikelets ca. 5.0 mm long; pedicelled spikelets 4.0���5.0 mm long..................................................................................................................................................................... C. pseudozeylanicus 9. Basal sheaths glabrous; leaf bladesca. 30 cm long, pubescent or pilose; sessile spikelets 5.0���8.0 mm long; pedicelled spikelets 7.0��� 15 mm long (longest in the genus)................................................................................................................... C. nodulibarbis 10. Leaves conspicuously distichous, often plicate; sheaths much compressed at the basal, acutely keeled, often beset with bulbousbased bristles.......................................................................................................................................................................... C. asper 10. Leaves not conspicuously distichous; sheaths rounded on back not keeled....................................................................................11 11. Leaf blades convolute, panicle less than 12 cm long................................................................................................... C. narayaniae 11. Leaf blades flat; panicle more than 12 cm long...............................................................................................................................12 12. Culms slender; leaf blades less than 25 cm long; sessile spikelets hispidulous, 7.5���9.0 mm long................................. C. orientalis 12. Culms robust; leaf blades more than 25 cm long; sessile spikelets glabrous, 6.0���7.0 mm long......................................................13 13. Leaf blades less than 10 mm wide, margins scabrous; panicle ovoid or lanceolate, very dense; pedicelled spikelets more than 10 mm long; lower glume of pedicelled spikelet with 10���12 mm long arista.................................................................... C. hamiltonii 13. Leaf blades more than 10 mm wide, margins spinulose; panicle oblong, dense; pedicelled spikelets less than 10 mm long; lower glume of pedicelled spikelet with 5.0���7.0 mm long arista...............................................................................................................14 14. Leaves linear with long white hairs; ligule an eciliate membrane; sessile spikelets lanceolate, callus hairs red........ C. verticillatus 14. Leaves narrowly-lanceolate, glabrous; ligule a fringe of hairs; sessile spikelets oblong, callus hairs dark brown....... C. lancearius 15. Leaves puberulous............................................................................................................................................................................16 15. Leaves glabrous, occasionally with few tubercle-based hairs, not puberulous................................................................................17 16. Sheaths not strongly laterally compressed; leaf blade less than 4.0 mm wide, margins tuberculate-ciliate; pedicelled spikelets 6.0��� 10 mm long, usually both the glumes with 4.0���7.0 mm long awned (sometimes lower glume exaristate);callus base of sessile spikelets acute..................................................................................................................................................................... C. aucheri 16. Sheaths very strongly laterally compressed with a prominent keel; leaf blade more than 4.0 mm wide, margins spinulose; pedicelled spikelets 5.0 mm long, both glumes always muticous; callus base of sessile spikelets truncate..................................... C. velutinus 17. Leaves conspicuously distichous; panicle interrupted.....................................................................................................................18 17. Leaves not distichous; panicle oblong, not interrupted....................................................................................................................19 18. Callus densely bearded throughout; pedicel and callus brownish hairy; upper glume of the sessile spikelets aristate, with an arista 4.0���8.0 mm long................................................................................................................................................. C. purushothamanii 18. Callus densely bearded at the base only; pedicel and callusfulvous hairy; upper glume of the sessile spikelets exaristate...................................................................................................................................................................................................... C. polyphyllus 19. Pedicelled spikelets shorter than the sessile, hairs chocolate-brown or rufous-brown; lower glume of pedicelled spikelets muticous............................................................................................................................................................................. C. hackelii 19. Pedicelled spikelets equal or longer than the sessile, hairs golden or golden-brown; lower glume of pedicelled spikelets aristate.............................................................................................................................................................................................................20 20. Upper glume of the sessile spikelets with a prominent dorsal tuft of brown hairs............................................................... C. fulvus 20. Upper glume of the sessile spikelets without a dorsal tuft of hairs (if hairy then slightly but not brownish)..................................21 21. Peduncle glandular; panicle very dense ca. 15 �� 8.0 (���10) cm with 35���76 racemes from lower nodes; upper lemma of pedicelled spikelet bifid and its palea reduced (ca. 1.0 mm long), acute, bidentate or irregularly tri-cuspidate.................. C. densipaniculatus 21. Peduncle eglandular; panicle not dense, 3.0���15 �� 1.0��� 2.5 cm, racemes less than 30 from the lower nodes; upper lemma of pedicelled spikelet and its palea (if present then not reduced) with acute apices.......................................................................... C. serrulatus 22. Lower glume of pedicelled spikelets distinctly aristate.................................................................................................... C. lawsonii 22. Lower glume of pedicelled spikelets exaristate................................................................................................................................23 23. Roots aromatic; apex of upper glume of the sessile spikelets muticous; upper lemma muticous or briefly awned (awns less than 2.0 mm long, enclosed......................................................................................................................................................... C. zizanioides 23. Roots not aromatic; apex of upper glume of the sessile spikelets mucronate (mucro 0.4 mm long); second lemma awned (awns exerted, 2.5���3.0 cm long).............................................................................................................................................. C. festucoides, Published as part of Tiwari, Arjun Prasad & Landge, Shahid Nawaz, 2022, Chrysopogon densipaniculatus (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): a new species from India, pp. 241-248 in Phytotaxa 538 (3) on pages 246-247, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.538.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6336802