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A significant public health burden exists related to firearm-related injuries in the United States. Primary care physicians (PCPs) find themselves on the frontline to address it. This study aimed to determine if PCPs feel prepared and responsible for providing firearm safety counseling. Data were gathered via a direct 23-question survey of family medicine, internal medicine, and pediatric physicians and residents in North and Central Texas between May 2019 and January 2020. The survey was delivered to 518 outpatient providers, with a 24% response rate. Associations were assessed by chi-square/Fisher's exact test. A total of 62% agreed that preventable firearm death is an important health issue and PCPs can have a positive effect; 10% felt their residency provided or provides opportunities to learn about firearm safety and how to counsel patients; 55% agreed that a standardized tool to question and counsel patients on firearm safety such as a template in the electronic health record would be useful; and 68% stated they would use a standardized template in their practice if proven to reduce firearm-related injuries. Physicians who had received training in residency felt their knowledge was adequate to be able to provide meaningful counseling to patients (P < 0.001). In conclusion, PCPs are pivotal in addressing firearm safety. A formal curriculum across primary care specialties' graduate education programs should be developed to improve physicians' competency in addressing firearm safety. Further investigation into standardized tools that could be implemented into an electronic health record may help bridge the gap from awareness to implementation of interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the Mixedwood Growth Model (MGM) at a whole model scale for pure and mixed species stands of aspen and white spruce in the western boreal forest. MGM is an individual tree-based, distance-independent growth model, designed to evaluate growth and yield implications relating to the management of white spruce, black spruce, aspen, lodgepole pine, and mixedwood stands in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. Our validation compared stand-level model predictions against re-measured data (volume, basal area, diameter at breast height (DBH), average and top height and density) from permanent sample plots using combined analysis of residual plots, bias statistics, efficiency and an innovative application of the equivalence test. For state variables, the model effectively simulated juvenile and mature stages of stand development for both pure and mixed species stands of aspen and white spruce in Alberta. MGM overestimates increment in older stands likely due to age-related pathology and weather-related stand damage. We identified underestimates of deciduous density and volume in Saskatchewan. MGM performs well for increment in postharvest stands less than 30 years of age. These results illustrate the comprehensive application of validation metrics to evaluate a complex model, and provide support for the use of MGM in management planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the use of generalized logistic model of individual tree mortality for trembling aspen, white spruce and lodgepole pine. Determination on the survival probability of an individual tree; Stand characteristics of trees; Estimation of species-specific site productivity index.

A large number of height-diameter functions were evaluated using felled tree data for white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) grown in Alberta's boreal forests. The logistic-type function was found to produce the most satisfactory fits. Residual analyses were conducted to identify the error structure of the model. A weighting factor of w[sub i] = 1/Ĥ[sup 3/2, sub i] was found appropriate for satisfying the equal error variance assumption. Regional differences in the height-diameter models were examined and tested using the nonlinear extra sum of squares method. It was found that height-diameter models were different among different ecoregions. Incorrectly applying a height-diameter model fitted from one ecoregion to different ecoregions resulted in overestimations between 1.10% and 29.05%, or underestimations between 1.92% and 21.92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the development of an individual tree-height increment models for white spruce and aspen growing in the boreal mixed-species in Alberta. Selection of a base height-increment function; Incorporation of tree and stand level variables using the parameter prediction approach.

Investigates the relationships between tree slenderness coefficients and tree characteristics in boreal mixedwood forests. Application of correlation analysis and graphical approaches; Negative correlations of tree slenderness with heights, crown length and age; Percentage of tree slenderness coefficient values.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Diagnosis and Treatment of Acne" published in the October 15, 2012 issue.