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13. Stop ignoring misconduct

Author

Kornfeld, Donald S. and Titus, Sandra L.

Subjects
Research fraud -- Prevention, Professional misconduct -- Prevention, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Donald S. Kornfeld (corresponding author) [1]; Sandra L. Titus (corresponding author) [2] The history of science shows that irreproducibility is not a product of our times. Some 350 years [...]

Published
2016
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14. Repairing research integrity: a survey suggests that many research misconduct incidents in the United States go unreported to the Office of Research Integrity. Sandra L. Titus, James A. Wells and Lawrence J. Rhoades say it's time to change that

Author

Titus, Sandra L., Wells, James A., and Rhoades, Lawrence J.

Subjects
Research ethics -- Laws, regulations and rules, Research -- Quality management -- Laws, regulations and rules, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation, Government regulation, Quality management, Ethical aspects, Laws, regulations and rules
Abstract

Misconduct jeopardizes the good name of any institution. Inevitably, the way in which research misconduct is policed and corrected reflects the integrity of the whole enterprise of science. The US [...]

Published
2008

15. The research misconduct post hoc inquiry as a measure of institutional integrity (DR).

Author

Titus, Sandra and Kornfeld, Donald S.

Subjects
INTEGRITY, VALUES (Ethics), ETHICS, DEFINITIONS
Abstract

The terms, institutional and scientific, integrity appeared in the literature 986 times from 2005 to 2015. How has the term integrity, with its dual definition, a) The accuracy, completeness and consistency of data and b) the adherence to a code of moral values, been applied to an institution? The authors suggest that a post hoc inquiry be instituted following the finding of an individual act of research misconduct to determine if the sponsoring institution, actively or passively, played a contributory role and if corrective action was taken. This would serve as one measure of institutional integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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17. Family Photographs and Transition to Parenthood

Author

Titus, Sandra L.

Abstract

In an exploratory study, the family photographic record was expected to reflect more role learning behavior for the parents during their first transition to parenthood than during subsequent accession transitions. The possible value of the photos to families may be that they promote the transition to parenthood through role-playing and/or via ritualization. (Author)

Published
1976

19. Ethics: More research won't crack misconduct

Author

Kornfeld, Donald S. and Titus, Sandra L.

Subjects
Research ethics -- Management, Scientific communication -- Ethical aspects, Company business management, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Donald S. Kornfeld (corresponding author) [1]; Sandra L. Titus [2] The US National Academy of Sciences has issued 5 reports in the past 28 years on research misconduct and [...]

Published
2017
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29. Integrity: how to measure breaches effectively

Author

Swazey, Judith P., Titus, Sandra L., Wells, James A., and Rhoades, Lawrence J.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

SIR--When suspected scientific misconduct occurs in a research department, it is likely that more than one person knows about it. In their Commentary, Sandra Titus and colleagues avoid the multiple-reporting [...]

Published
2008

33. The Family Conflict Over Inheritance of Property.

Author

Titus, Sandra L., Rosenblatt, Paul C., and Anderson, Roxanne M.

Subjects
*FAMILIES, *INHERITANCE & succession, *SIBLINGS
Abstract

With the help of 14 illustrative cases, the dynamics of family disputes over inheritance are examined. The disputes disrupted kin interactions, particularly the relationships between adult siblings. The crucial sources of problems seem to be the impossibility of achieving fairness by the standards of all heirs and the impossibility of dividing some chattels and real estate equally. Problems may be minimized through family life education: teaching that disputes are at times unavoidable, and teaching people how to communicate about sensitive issues and how to see things from the perspective of other people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1979
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35. MARITAL SYSTEM DIFFERENCES AND SUMMER-LONG VACATIONS: TOGETHERNESS-APARTNESS AND TENSION.

Author

Rosenblatt, Paul C., Titus, Sandra L., Nevaldine, Anne, and Cunningham, Michael R.

Subjects
COUPLES therapy, INTERPERSONAL attraction, FAMILY systems theory, MARITAL relations, SEXISM, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress
Abstract

In a questionnaire study of 56 couples in which one or both spouses was a teacher with a long summer vacation, couples high on school year measures of potential for problems (values differences, physical violence when angry, disrespect) had higher levels of general tension during the summer the more they were in contact. Couples low in potential for problems had lower levels of general tension during the summer the more they were in contact. Apparently one can predict with some accuracy how a relationship system will operate when there is opportunity for great togetherness. The findings are of relevance in counseling couples claiming to desire greater togetherness and in counseling couples experiencing greater togetherness due to vocation, retirement, reduction in employment, or illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1979
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36. A Function of Friendship: Social Comparisons as a Frame of Reference for Marriage.

Author

Titus, Sandra L.

Subjects
COUPLES, MARRIAGE, FRIENDSHIP, ROLE ambiguity, SOCIAL psychology, COMPARISON (Psychology)
Abstract

The article examines the perceptions couples have about their interactions with friends and whether these interactions were believed to influence their own marriages. Friendship relationships involve a great degree of privacy and role ambiguity and thus the interplay between marriage and friendship has been difficult to study. However, with the growing interest in applying systems theory and social psychological theories to predict marital and family responses, the role of friendship merits greater attention. The focus of this paper is to describe how marital definitions might be influenced via interactions with friends. The research has four objectives: to examine the extent people talk with friends about each other's marriages, to determine how aware people are of the impact that talking with a friend has on their marriages and whether this could be characterized in terms of making comparisons, to ascertain what spouses share with each other about their friends' marriages and to examine how people think talking with their spouses about friends' marriages influences their own marriages and whether this could be characterized in terms of making a comparison.

Published
1980
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38. Patients' and Physicians' Attitudes Regarding the Physician's Professional Appearance

Author

Gjerdingen, Dwenda K., Simpson, Deborah E., and Titus, Sandra L.

Abstract

• Although physician appearance has been a topic of interest to medical historians for more than two centuries, little objective investigation has been made into patients' and physicians' attitudes toward the physician's appearance. This study analyzed responses from 404 patients, residents, and staff physicians regarding their attitudes toward various aspects of the male and female physician's professional appearance. Positive responses from all participants were associated with traditional items of dress such as the dress, shirt and tie, dress shoes, and nylons, and for physician-identifying items such as a white coat and a name tag. Negative responses were associated with casual items such as blue jeans, scrub suits, athletic shoes, clogs, and sport socks. Negative ratings were also associated with overly feminine items such as prominent ruffles and female dangling earrings and such temporarily fashionable items as long hair on men, male earrings, and patterned hose on women. Overall, patients were less discriminating in their attitude toward physician appearance than physicians. Patients rated traditional items less positively and casual items less negatively. This study confirms the importance of the physician's appearance in physician-patient communication.(Arch Intern Med 1987;147:1209-1212)

Published
1987
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40. Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity

Author

O’Brien, Susan Patricia, Chan, Danny, Leung, Frederick, Ko, Eun Jung, Kwak, Jin Sun, Gwon, TaeHwan, Lee, Ji Min, Lee, Min-Ho, Nolte, Helga, Gommel, Michael, Sponholz, Gerlinde, Krastev, Yordanka, Sandiran, Yamini, Connell, Julia, Solomon, Nicky, Krasovec, Ursa Opara, Sribar, Renata, Martinson, Brian C., Thrush, Carol R., Gunsalus, C. K., Oransky, Ivan, Marcus, Adam, Graf, Chris, Warne, Verity, Wates, Edward, Joshua, Sue, Roig, Miguel, Mumford, Michael, Deschênes, Mylène, Olivier, Catherine, Dupras-Leduc, Raphaëlle, Hammatt, Zoë, Tamot, Raju, Parker, Robin, Ricard, Cynthia, Nguyen-Khoa, Loc, Titus, Sandra, Jensen, Karsten Klint, Godecharle, Simon, Nemery, Ben, Dierickx, Kris, Gjerris, Mickey, Eriksen, Maud Marion Laird, Hoej, Jeppe Berggren, Steneck, Nicholas H., Nebeker, Camille, Kalichman, Michael, Booen, Elizabeth Mejia, Pacheco, Blanca Azucena, Giacinto, Rebeca Espinosa, Castaneda, Sheila, Li, Ding, Chen, Qiong, Zhu, Guoli, Sun, Zhonghe, Abbasi, Badaruudin, Ganguly, Parthasarathi, Ganguly, Barna, Bonn, Noémie Aubert, Bourcier, Daniele, Bordé, Jacques, Leduc, Michèle, Chou, Chien, Pan, Sophia Jui-An, Tiefenauer, Louis Xaver, Barr, Daniel, Taylor, Paul, Horn, Lyn Margaret, Poff, Deborah, Mavrinac, Martina, Brumini, Gordana, Petrovečki, Mladen, Santos, Christiane Coelho, Vasconcelos, Sonia, Lammey, Rachael, Hartgerink, Chris, van Assen, Marcel, Wicherts, Jelte, Hauge, Hanne Silje, Manka, Aaron, Iturrizaga, Raffael, Foeger, Nicole, Lescano, A. Roxana, Lanata, Claudio, Vasquez, Gissella, Mariana, Leguia, Silva, Marita, Kasper, Mathew, Montero, Claudia, Bausch, Daniel, Lescano, Andres G., Blom, Fenneke, Bouter, Lex, Lategan, Laetus O. K., Manaia, Gustavo Fitas, McCormack, Wayne T., Allen, William L., Connelly, Shane, Crites, Joshua, Engler, Jeffrey, Freedman, Victoria, Garvan, Cynthia W., Haidet, Paul, Hockensmith, Joel, McElroy, William, Sander, Erik, Volpe, Rebecca, Verderame, Michael F., Krstic, Snezana, Handy, Louise, Schaller-Demers, Debra, Lerouge, Inge, Cielen, Gerard, Schoofs, Liliane, Marusic, Ana, Squazzoni, Flaminio, Vaux, David, Al-Wazzan, Khalid, Alorainy, Ibrahim, O’Brien, Nolan, Guerin, Suzanne, Dodd, Philip, Wells, Frank, Blewett, Catherine, Litto, Fredric M., De Lecuona, Itziar, Löfstrom, Erika, Maes, Katrien, Bonn, Noémie, Peatfield, Tony, Boehme, Olivier, Caporale, Cinzia, Fanelli, Daniele, Carfora, John, Strauss, Eric, Lynn, William, De Bruyn, Dieter, Nele, Bracke, De Gelder, Katrien, Van der Burght, Stefanie, e Silva, José Roberto Lapa, Vasconcelos, Sonia M. R., Ingierd, Helene, Frankel, Mark, Vasgird, Daniel, Bird, Stephanie, Yarborough, Mark, Garner, Harold, Campo-Engelstein, Lisa, Master, Zubin, Smith, Elise, Resnik, David, Williams-Jones, Bryn, Malicki, Mario, Utrobicic, Ana, Ioannidis, John P. A., ter Riet, Gerben, Walley, Tom, Bouter, Lex Marius, van der Steen, Jenny, Sorenson, Martha, Prosdocimi, Francisco, Masuda, Hatisaburo, Watanabe, Edson, Pinto, José Carlos, Palácios, Marisa, e Silva, José Lapa, Leta, Jacqueline, Vieyra, Adalberto, Pinto, André, Sant’Ana, Mauricio, Shinkai, Rosemary, Yudin, Boris, Vergès, Etienne, Brun-Wauthier, Anne-Sophie, Vial, Géraldine, Vinther, Torkild, Bähr, Volker, Plemmons, Dena, Davies, Rebecca Lynn, Laube, Katrina, Scheopner, Cynthia, Galland, John, Maisonneuve, Hervé, Decullier, Evelyne, Noble, Brian, Gilis, Anja, Gallacher, David J., Lavrijssen, Tom, David, Malwitz, Dasgupta, Malini, Mols, Hans, Savard, Tony, Mah, Eric, Wager, Elizabeth, Kleinert, Sabine, Kiermer, Veronique, Hufton, Andrew, Clyne, Melanie, Almeida, Renan Moritz, Fontes-Pereira, Aldo, Catelani, Fernanda, Rocha, Karina, Iorns, Elizabeth, Gunn, William, Letellier, Lucienne, Malherbe, Cornelia, Kamata, Takehito, Enebakk, Vidar, Penrod, Lynn, Nørgaard, Thomas, Elverdam, Charlotte, Fassin, Yves, Fekken, Cynthia, Adam, Jamal, Anderson, Melissa S., Buttliere, Brett, Groves, Trish, Shanahan, Daniel, Simera, Iveta, Kirtley, Shona, Villanueva, Eleana, Struthers, Caroline, MacCarthy, Angela, Altman, Douglas, Grebenshchikova, Elena, Greene, Bronwyn, Rohr, Ted, Harriman, Stephanie, Varantola, Krista, Opara, Ursa, Rokne, Jon, Setti, Gianluca, MacPherson, Gordon, Hazelkorn, Ellen, Smith, Carthage, McLaughlin, Robert H., Martins, Tatiana Duque, Tanimoto, Tetsuya, Steneck, Nicholas, Kalleberg, Ragnvald, Hussein, Tajammul, Sun, Ping, Tzeng, Ovid, Zimmerman, Susan, Lescano, Roxana, Heitman, Elizabeth, Nieto, Maria Andrea Rocio del Pilar Contre, Fong, Eric, Wilhite, Al, Motta-Roth, Désirée, Tijdink, Joeri, Smulders, Yvo, Steele, Logan, Watts, Logan, Johnson, James, Williams, Lee, Amini, Sufia, Hooft, Lotty, Kilicoglu, Halil, van Seters, Janneke, Eijsackers, Herman, Voragen, Fons, van der Zijpp, Akke, Brom, Frans, Abbasi, Badaruddin, Almasoud, Naif Nasser, Labuschagne, Adri, Severinsen, Johanne, Engh, Espen, Alani, Daham Ismail, Jusoff, H. J. Kamaruzaman, Gordon, Anita, Harton, Helen C., Rocha, Karina de Albuquerque, de Vasconcelos, Sonia Maria Ramos, Matandika, Limbanazo, Prata, Aline Carolina de Oliveira Machado, Neff, Mark William, Costas, Rodrigo, Larivière, Vincent, Filho, Douglas Leonardo Gomes, Guedes, Diego Oliveira, Keller, Niklas, Feufel, Markus, Offenhauser, Nikolas, Kowalczuk, Maria K., Moylan, Elizabeth C., Speanburg, Katie, Lubomirski, Mariusz, Malwitz, David, Gallacher, David, Gillis, Anja, Marques, Maria Betânia de Freitas, Amâncio, Laressa Lima, Fernandes, Raphaela Dias, Patrocínio, Oliveira, Rech, Cláudia Maria Correia Borges, Sousa, Adriana Nascimento, Garcia, Leila Posenato, Patel, Jigisha, Lada, Farida, Di Capua, Giuseppe, Peppoloni, Silvia, DuBois, James M., Chibnall, John, Van der Wall, Jillon, Tait, Raymond, Holen, Jacob, Johannessen, Adele Flakke, Ellefsen, Torunn, Rech, Claudia, Sousa, Adriana, Beranzoli, Laura, and Beirão, Paulo S. L.

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42. Evaluating U.S. medical schools' efforts to educate faculty researchers on research integrity and research misconduct policies and procedures.

Author

Titus SL

Subjects
Guidelines as Topic, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Policy, United States, Behavioral Research ethics, Biomedical Research ethics, Faculty, Medical, Research Personnel education, Schools, Medical ethics, Scientific Misconduct ethics
Abstract

This paper examines how well U.S. medical school institutions are doing to promote research integrity. It is an important question to ask in order to determine whether there are sufficient and adequate protections in place to protect the U.S. Public Health Service's (PHS) resources devoted to medical research. This paper focuses on 5,100 medical school researchers' knowledge of what constitutes research misconduct as well as their willingness to report it to the research integrity officer (RIO) and educate their Ph.D. trainees. We learned that 5.6% of researchers could correctly distinguish seven or more of the nine scenarios that depicted likely research misconduct, as defined by the PHS regulations, from scenarios describing other ethical issues. Instead, researchers had expansive definitions and often inappropriately identified infractions such as conflicts of interest, Institutional Review Board (IRB) violations, and other breaches in ethical standards to be research misconduct. In addition, researchers who correctly identified four instances of likely research misconduct in the test items were highly unlikely to report their observations to a RIO. Researchers also provided insight on the factors they believe influence their decision making process of whether to report research misconduct. In addition, this paper also reports on the guidance that faculty said they provided their trainees on research misconduct issues. We conclude with a discussion and recommendations on what institutional leaders might consider doing in order to enhance their research integrity efforts and protect their institution's reputation.

Published
2014
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