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This study aimed to identify the potential of natural compounds in tomatoes for diabetic complications intervention using amino acid profile, HP-TLC, antioxidant assay, enzymatic inhibitor assay, and in silico approach. Fresh air-dried tomatoes were analyzed for several screening assays including amino acid determination, HP-TLC, antioxidant activity using FRAP, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. Virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed using Molinspiration, pKcSM, AutoDock Vina, Discovery Studio, PyMOL, and Yasara software. Tomato bioactive compounds showed promising drug-likeness, antioxidant and α-amylase/glucosidase inhibitory activities, and potential for AGE-RAGE interaction. Out of 19 compounds from whole tomatoes complying with Lipinski’s rule of five, genistein, apigenin, and naringenin exhibited high oral absorption potential. Tomato contains genistein compound based on HP-TLC and the compound has high antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Genistein has a stronger binding affinity with RAGE compared to AGE, indicating its potential as a competitive inhibitor. Additionally, genistein displayed stable ligand movements and higher binding energy values in MD simulations compared to the control. These findings suggest the potential of tomato bioactive compounds for further development as antidiabetic agents targeting AGE-RAGE interaction. In conclusion, genistein in tomatoes is indicated as a candidate for anti-complications of diabetes mellitus.

Abstract Background According to WHO 2020, CAD is the second leading cause of death in Indonesia with death cases reaching 259,297 or 15.33% of total deaths. Unfortunately, most of the patients of CAD in Indonesia did not match the golden period or decline to be treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Based on the recent study, there were increases in MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 in STEMI patients which contribute to cardiac remodeling. Moreover, there is controversy regarding the benefit of late PCI (12-48 hours after onset of STEMI) in stable patients. Lately, colchicine is widely used in cardiovascular disease. This study was conducted to explore the effect of colchicine to reduce MMP- 9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 levels after myocardial infarction in stable patients. Method In this clinical trial study, we assessed 129 STEMI patients, about 102 patients who met inclusion criteria were randomized into four groups. Around 25 patients received late PCI (12–48 h after the onset of chest pain), optimal medical treatment (OMT) for STEMI, and colchicine; 24 patients received late PCI and OMT; 22 patients didn’t get the revascularization (No Revas), OMT, and colchicine; and 31 patients received No Revas and OMT only. The laboratory test for MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 were tested in Day-1 and Day-5. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney. Results A total of 102 patients with mean age of 56 ± 9.9, were assigned into four groups. The data analysis showed significant results within No Revas + OMT + Colchicine group versus No Revas + OMT + Placebo in MMP-9 (Day-1: p = 0.001; Day-5: p = 0.022), NOX2 (Day-1: p = 0.02; Day-5: p = 0.026), and TGF-β1 (Day-1: p = 0.00; Day-5: p = 0.00) with the less three markers in OMT + Colchicine group than OMT + Placebo group. There were no significant differences within the late PCI + OMT + colchicine group and PCI + OMT + Placebo group. Conclusions Colchicine could significantly reduce MMP-9, NOX2, and TGF-β1 levels in stable STEMI patients. So that, colchicine could be a potential agent in STEMI patients and prevent cardiac remodeling events.

Background: Times New Roman 9, single space, contains the brief description of the research. Stroke is the greatest cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Several biological mechanisms underlying this disease such as failure of glutamate reuptake and ATP synthesis, resulting in high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammatory responses, and apoptosis, resulted in cell death and brain tissue damage. Neurotherapeutics agents are given to affect the pathophysiological pathways and prevent expanding infarct area. Objective: This study aims to analyze the modulation of Gluthatione S-Transferase (GST) and Tyrosine kinase receptor C (TrkC) by 7,8-DHF as neuroprotective agent in ischemic in silico. Methods: This study used in silico simulation to predict 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) as neuroprotective agent by using PubChem, RCSB, Biovia Discovery Studio, PyRx, and PyMol. This study analyzes the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and molecular interactions between 7,8-DHF as a ligand with GST (13GS) and TrkC (6KZC) as protein target, compared to their native ligand. Results: 7,8-DHF may increase intracellular endogenous antioxidants mainly GST and stimulate TrkC to activate further neuron survival signaling. 7,8 DHF has a much lower bond energy (-8.1 Kcal/mol) when it binds to GST compared to the native ligand (-5.9 Kcal/mol). Besides, binding affinity between 7,8-DHF-TrkC was -9 Kcal/mol, while native ligand-TrkC was -10.6 Kcal/mol. This study showed that there were the same amino acid residues between 7,8-DHF-GST and 7,8-DHF-TrkC, compared to their native ligand. Conclusion: As an adaptive response to hypoxia caused by ischemic stroke, these findings are likely to induce protective mechanism through indirectly TrkC activation which regulates neurogenesis and increasing intracellular endogenous antioxidants.

Context: Swimming exercises can be used as an intervention to maintain the stability of the synthesis of the pubic symphysis cartilage. Aims: To evaluate the effects of swimming exercise on relaxin levels, MMP-13, TGFβ expression in pubic cartilage at pregnant rats with induction of RLN2 gene. Methods: Thirty-six female Wistar rats (six in each group) were impregnated with 24 male rats (1:1). Three groups had swimming exercises for 60 min per day, and the other groups were treated as the control group. Two groups were given subcutaneous RLN2 gene. Relaxin plasma was collected from the sinus retro-orbital and performed twice on the eighth day and the 20th of pregnancy. The pubic symphysis of the rats was collected on the 20th day of pregnancy, and the decalcification process was carried out before making histological preparations. Results: There was an increase in the amount of relaxin in the relaxin-induced group after 24 h induction (p=0.000). Relaxin levels of pregnant rats on the 20th day correlated with the expression of MMP-13, p=0.029; R2=0.447. In the treatment group, relaxin levels and MMP-13 expression were lower than the non-treatment group, p=0.005 and p=0.000, respectively. In contrast, there was a higher expression of TGFβ in the treatment group, p=0.000. Conclusions: Relaxin plasma levels have a significant correlation with the expression of MMP-13, and swimming exercise increases the expression of TGFβ and decreases relaxin levels and MMP-13 expression in the pubic cartilage.

Background: In tobacco, nicotine is the primary toxic agent that causes health problems. As a primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine is frequently used as an accurate measure of exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to find the factors affecting the serum cotinine level of male smokers in Malang, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 183 men who smoke regularly in Malang, Indonesia. They were selected by a purposive sampling method. Nicotine dependency and cotinine level were measured using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the human cotinine ELISA Kit, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age, smoking duration, cigarette type, and the nicotine dependence on the continue level. ANOVA and independent t-test were also used for testing the study hypothesis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Based on the ANOVA results, the factors of age, smoking duration, type of cigarette, and nicotine dependence together had a significant effect on the cotinine level (P

Introduction: The provision of humanistic and professional nursing care services needs to be carried out comprehensively, and it must cover patients’ bio-psycho-socio-spiritual aspects. This indicates nurses have to integrate all the basic nursing science, including physiology, anatomy, pharmacology, and pathophysiology, while carrying out their duties. This integration helps to provide the best care for their patients, but they often uncertain about the basic science approach to use. Therefore, this study aimsto explore the experience of nurses using basic nursing science in caring for patients with chronic diseases. Design and Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 5 nurses working in chronic disease wards for at least 5 years. Each respondent was then interviewed using a self-constructed questionnaire. Results: All respondents agreed that basic nursing science is important in providing quality healthcare services. Furthermore, six themes were identified using the thematic analysis, namely (1) the process of collecting patient data, which was more focused and organized; (2) required for establishing the nursing diagnosis; (3) useful for determining the nursing care plan; (4) it is a basis for implementing nursing actions; (5) provides a basis for monitoring and follow-up; (6) and teamwork between health personnel is more effective. Conclusions: Based on the interview results, nurses need knowledge and skills in basic nursing science while caring for patients with chronic diseases. Furthermore, basic nursing sciences lay the foundation for nurses while assessing patients, diagnosing, planning the care, implementing nursing actions, evaluating patients’ condition, and collaborating with other health personnel.

Introduction: The ambulance service quality has a great impact on well-being and survival of emergency patients. The patient satisfaction was one of main metrics to assess ambulance service and an indicator of quality to manage pre-hospital emergency service. This research was aimed to analyze the correlation between nurse knowledge and attitude and satisfaction of pre-hospital ambulance service in Bali, Indonesia. Methods: This research exerted correlative analytic method and cross-sectional approach. Moreover, this research involved as many as 271 respondents who were consisted of 127 nurses and 144 patients. The cluster sampling technique was used to select the research respondents. Results: The analysis result of Spearman’s rank test referred the knowledge (p = 0,001; r = 0,269) and attitude (p = 0,000; r = 0,307) significantly have a positive relation to the pre-hospital ambulance service satisfaction in Bali. Conclusion: The result of multiple linear regression test referred that the nurse attitude was a dominant factor which related to the pre-hospital ambulance service satisfaction in Bali. Therefore, it needed to conduct a periodical formal training in order to increase the quality of ambulance nurse service which could affect the increase of pre-hospital ambulance service satisfaction in Bali, Indonesia.

Introduction Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are part of hematopoietic stem cells that differentiate into endothelial cells during their blood vessels’ maturation process. The role of EPCs is widely known to contribute to repair of the vascular wall when endothelial dysfunction occurs. However, various risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) influence EPC performance, leading to endothelial dysfunction. One EPC dysfunction is decreased amount of EPC mobilization to the injured tissue. EPC dysfunction reduces the angiogenetic function of EPCs. The vital maturation process that the EPCs must pass is the late phase. The dysfunction of late EPCs is known as senescence. This study aimed to identify and compare senescence of late EPCs, through CD62E and CD41 markers, in non-smokers and smokers as a risk factor for CVD. Methods EPC collection was from peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in non-smokers (n=30) and smokers (n=31). The EPCs were then marked by CD62E/CD41 and senescence β-galactosidase assay using FACS. Identification of senescence cells was based on fluorescence with DAPI. Results Positive percentage of late EPCs in non-smokers was not significantly different from that in smokers (p=0.014). The number of senescent late EPCs in smokers was higher than in non-smokers (p

Human trafficking is being global crime worldwide. The practice of human trafficking in the form of human exploitation implicated in human rights violations. Survivors of human trafficking will experience health problems both physical and mental problems. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and summarize the mental health problems of human trafficking victims. Systematic search conducted on March 12, 2019 in data of Proquest, Springer Link, and Scopus by keyword *human health of human trafficking* between the years of 2013-2018. The result of this search found 14 journals that match with inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journal articles, written in English, all forms of exploitation, the samples are aged >15 years old. The results shown the incidence of human trafficking greatly affected the mental health of victim. Victims experienced anxiety, depression, isolation, disorientation, aggression, suicidal ideation, attention deficit, psychotic disorders, behavioral and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For further research required in efforts to overcome the mental health impact of human trafficking victims. The focus on preventing efforts was through government campaigns, IOM and law enforcement and also the fulfillment of the rights of human trafficking victims

Critical conditions as one of the main focused in hospital care. This condition required rapid, comprehensive and quality management that carried out by nurses especially in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. This condition caused pressure on the nurse and causes stress. This stress can be overcome by complementary and alternative therapy in the form of mindfulness meditation. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of mindfulness meditation therapy in reducing stress on nurses in ICU and ICCU. This study is quasy experiment research design through one group pretest posttest approach with respondents were 14. The results of this study indicated that there was decreased in stress before and after intervention with p-value=0000 and stress before and 1 week after intervention with p-value=0.001. Mindfulness therapy can reduce nurse stress.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a degenerative disease that leads to increased inflammation and cyclooxygenase protein production, which causes tissue abnormalities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of caprine CSN1S2 protein against abnormal metabolic pathways in the aorta of DM rats. The twenty-four-animal model was control, diabetes and treatment groups. Histopathological evaluation of the aortic tissue by hematoxylin eosin staining. The expression of cyclooxygenase and inflammatory cytokine was measured by western blotting. In the DM750 groups, the amount of discontinued-endothelial was significantly more reduced than in the other groups. The amount of macrophages in the DM1500- group decreased more than in the DM and DM375 groups. The amount of foam cells in the DM750 and DM1500 groups decreased more than in the DM group and was close to all control groups. The expressions of COX-2 and IL-17 were effectively reduced and vice versa the expression of IL-10 was increased in DM750 compared with the other groups. Meanwhile, COX-1 expression did not change in all groups. This study indicates that caprine CSN1S2 protein at a dose of 750 mg/kg BW has a significant effect on controlling, protecting, and repairing abnormalities in the aortic tissue of T2DM rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high glucose levels (hyperglycemia) due to metabolic disorders that prevent patients from producing sufficient amounts of insulin. This research aims to test the effectiveness of implementing diabetes self-management education in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The search for relevant articles was carried out through Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, and Science Direct using the keywords diabetes mellitus, management education, self-care, diabetes self-management education, DSME, T2DM. The articles were then selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, the data were extracted, grouped, and concluded. Based on 15 articles, diabetes self-management education intervention provides significant effectiveness to lifestyle changes and the self-care of T2DM patients. In conclusion, diabetes self-management education intervention has been shown to be effective in dealing with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, DSME has a positive effect on lifestyle changes and the self-care of T2DM patients.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of dominant factors in cardiovascular deaths and induces endothelial dysfunction. A definite sign of endothelial dysfunction is foam cells formation derived from oxidized LDL. This study was conducted to determine effect of Polysaccharides Peptides (PsP) Ganoderma lucidum to foam cell counts and lipid profile in diabetic model rats with high-fat diet. METHODS: Treatment group was categorized to negative control, positive control, DM-50, DM-150, and DM-300. Type 2 DM induced by Streptozotocin. PsP is administered with predetermined doses on each treatment’s group (50, 150, and 300 mg/kgBW) for 12 weeks. Measurements of foam cell count were held after obtaining rat’s aorta. To assess lipid profile, blood sample was taken from the rat's heart. Data analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS: The administration of Ganoderma lucidum PsP to diabetic model rats provided a significant difference in lowering foam cell (p=0.017; CI 95%). It also gave significant difference between levels of each lipid components (Total Cholesterol, Trygliceride, LDL and HDL) in at least two treatment groups (p=0.010; CI 95%). Based on Post Hoc Tukey tests, the relationship between administration of PsP and foam cell is significant (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: PsP has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect in type 2 DM model Rattus norvegicus strain wistar, which can inhibit atherosclerosis and endothelial damage process. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the benefits of PsP as an adjuvant therapy in management of diabetic dyslipidemia. KEYWORDS: PsP, Ganoderma lucidum, foam cell, lipid profile, DM

Objective: To compare oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) levels in serum and vascular wall of Sprague-Dawley rats, identify their patterns in 8 weeks and 16 weeks of dyslipidemia induced by high fat diet, compare foam cells in aorta of each group and investigate lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) role in atherosclerosis by darapladib administration. Methods: This study generated in twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into 6 groups, which were received normal diet (normal group), high fat diet and high fat diet plus darapladib therapy for both 8 weeks and 16 weeks. Surgeries were performed at Week 8 and Week 16 to take the blood serum and aortic tissue. Level of oxLDL in serum, oxLDL aortic tissue, foam cell amount in aortic tissue, and Lp-PLA2 expression in aortic tissue were measured. Results: There were significant differences in oxLDL level in serum, aortic tissue and foam cell amount (P 0.9, P

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially announced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic in March 2020. Unfortunately, there are still no approved drugs for either the treatment or the prevention of COVID-19. Many studies have focused on repurposing established antimalarial therapies, especially those that showed prior efficacy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, against COVID-19 combined with azithromycin. These classes of drugs potentially induce prolongation of the QT interval, which might lead to lethal arrhythmia. Beta-blockers, as a β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist, can prevent an increase in the sympathetic tone, which is the most important arrhythmia trigger. In this literature review, we aimed to find the effect of administering azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine on cardiac rhythm disorders and our findings show that bisoprolol, as a cardio-selective beta-blocker, is effective for the management of the QT (i.e., the start of the Q wave to the end of the T wave) interval prolongation in COVID-19 patients.

Caregivers in post-stroke patients reported physical and emotional symptoms of exhaustion. These symptoms lead to burnout syndrome which may result in decrease in productivity of caregivers in fulfilling the needs of post-stroke patients who were treated. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between caregiver’s burnout syndrome and fulfillness of care needs in post-stroke patients. Design of this study was quantitative analitic correlation with cross sectional. The participants were 20 post-stroke patients and their caregiver that came to Physiotherapy Unit at dr. Soepraoen Hospital during the study period. The data were taken using 3 questionnaires, modified MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory), care needs of post-stroke patients questionnaires and Barthel Index. The results from Spearman Rank test with 0.05 significance indicated a relationship between caregiver’s burnout syndrome and fulfillness of care needs in post-stroke elderly, the more severe burnout syndrome experienced by the caregivers, the more care needs of post-stroke patients are not fulfilled. Researchers provide suggestions for the next research to use more respondent and different methods to get different results.

Neurosa a psychic reaction with typical anxiety where clients are in fear that unconsciously displayed in various forms of behavior. Anxiety can leads physical imbalance such as increased blood pressure, insomnia, muscle tension and palpitations. Muscle tension and sleep difficulties are often experienced anxiety response. Some psychotherapy can be given to clients of anxiety one of which is progressive muscle relaxation therapy. The aims of this study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy to decrease anxiety and improve the quality of sleep in patients neurosa in Health Center Area Kepanjen Kidul Blitar. Research design was quasy experimental Pre-Post Test With Control Group with purposive sampling. Number of samples 26 respondents were divided into control and treatment groups. Collecting data using questionnaires that have tested the validity and reliability. Results of analysis of anxiety and sleep quality was obtained p 0.05. Therapy progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing therapy can be used to reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality in patients neurosa.

Objective(s):Atherosclerosis is chronic inflammatory process triggered by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)level, which induce atherosclerosis through the processes such as formation of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), foam cells, and atherosclerotic plaque. Antioxidant is needed to control negative effects of oxidative stress. One source of antioxidant, which has potential to be developed, is PsP from Ganoderma lucidum. This study aims to prove the effect of PsP in decreasing H2O2, PVAT, foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental randomized post-test with control group design using 25 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups (negative control, positive control, and 3 high-fat diet group with PsP dose: 50, 150, 300 mg/kgBW). Measured parameters were H2O2, PVAT, foam cell, and atherosclerotic plaques. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, followed by post hoc test. Results: Mean H2O2 levels, PVAT thickness, foam cell numbers, and atherosclerotic plaque were low in negative control group. ANOVA showed that PsP significantly (P

AROMATERAPI BUNGA LAVENDER DENGAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN REMAJA PUTRI SAAT PRE MENSTRUAL SYNDROME Lavender Aromatherapy With Anxiety Level On Teenage Girl When Pre Menstrual Syndrome Ayut Merdikawati1, Titin Andri Wihastuti2, Laily Yuliatun3 1,2,3Jurusan Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Jl. Veteran Malang 65145 email: 1)ayut.fk@ub.ac.id ABSTRAK Pre Menstrual Syndrome merupakan salah satu keadaan yang dapat menimbulkan kecemasan. Remaja yang mengalami keadaan ini bisa terjadi cemas ringan, sedang atau berat. Aromaterapi bunga lavender merupakan salah satu terapi dengan menggunakan minyak esensial bunga lavender yang menghasilkan efek memberi rasa nyaman, menjadikan emosi dan perasaan lebih stabil, pikiran dan perasaan lebih tenang sehingga menjadikan penghirup dapat menghadapi situasi cemas dengan tenang. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh aromaterapi bunga lavender terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan pada remaja putri yang mengalami Pre Menstrual Syndrome di SMP Negeri 14 Malang. Desain penelitian quasy eksperiment dengan non randomized control group pretest posttest, dengan teknik purposive sampling, dan jumlah sampel 16 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner dan alat ceklist skala HARS. Teknik analisa menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon dan Uji Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji Mann-Whitney didapatkan p = 0.001 < 0.05, artinya ada pengaruh aromaterapi bunga lavender terhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan pada remaja putri yang mengalami Pre Menstrual Syndrome di SMP Negeri 14 Malang. Berdasarkan keterbatasan penelitian ini, perlu diadakan penelitian lanjutan tentang penggunaan terapi herbal (aromaterapi yang lain) dipadukan dengan health education. Kata Kunci : Aromaterapi Bunga Lavender, Tingkat Kecemasan, Remaja Putri, Pre Menstrual Syndrome ABSTRACT Pre Menstrual Syndrome is one of situations which is able to cause anxiety. Adolescent with this situation can get low, the moderate or chronic anxiety. Lavender aromatherapy is one of therapies using essential oil of lavender which has effect to give pleasant feelings, to make stable the emotion and feelings, to make calm the thought and fellings, so this condition can make inhaler is able to face worried situation calmly. Objective of the research is to know whether there is an influence of lavender aromatherapy toward the decrease of anxiety level on teenage girl with Pre Menstrual Syndrome in Junior High School 14 Malang. This research design is quasy experiment with non randomized control group pretest posttest, with purposive sampling technique, and the amount of sample is 16 respondents. Collection the data is done by using quesionaire and HARS scale check list. Analysis technique is done by using Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test. According to the Mann-Whitney test gets p = 0.001 < 0.05, it means that there is influence of lavender aromatherapy toward the decrease of anxiety level on teenage girl with Pre Menstrual Syndrome in Junior High School 14 Malang. According to the limitation of this research, it is necessary to conduct further research on about utilizing herbal therapy (an other aromatherapy) that can be combined with health education. Keywords : Lavender Aromatherapy, the level of anxiety, Teenage Girl, Pre Menstrual Syndrome. Key words : quality of life, elderly, factor dominant

BackgroundAtherosclerosis occurs as a result of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposits oxidation. Endothelial dysfunction is an early process of atherosclerosis. Restoring endothelial lining back to normal by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is critical for slowing or reversing vascular disease progression. Oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is increased in dyslipidemia so that antioxidant agent is required to prevent destruction of blood vessels.ObjectivesThis study aims to report Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (PsP) effects in atherogenic process by measuring H2O2 level, IL-10 level, and EPC number in blood serum, and also intima-media thickness of aorta in dyslipidemia Wistar rat model by giving them a hypercholesterol diet (HCD).Materials and methodsThe study was an experimental in vivo post-test with control group design. Thirty-five Wistar rats (Rattus norwegicus) were divided into five groups (normal diet group, HCD group, and hypercholesterol groups that received 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg bodyweight PsP).ResultsEach treatment group showed significant results for the administration of PsP using the one-way analysis of variance test (p

Background. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation process of vascu-lar endothelial cells. Increased oxydized LDL(OxLDL) is one of the most potent inducer of atherogenesis. OxLDL induces an increased ROS (Reac-tive Oxigen Species) and also acts as cytotoxic and chemotaxis factor for monocytes result in accumulation of inflammatory cells. Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta(NFkB) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in this inflammatory proces. NFkB compose of heterodimer molecules of p50 and p65, which bind to its inhibitor, IkB, leading to its inactive form in cytoplasm. OxLDL activates NFkB complex by phosphorylate IkB resulting in released p50-p65-IkB binding and translocation of p50-p65 into the nucleus. p50-p65 then binds to promoter and activates transcription of target genes. NFkB activation therefore increase gene and protein expressions of target molecules such TNF-a, ICAM-1, VICAM, etc. This study aimed to examine whether Moringa oleiferainhibits activation of NFkB dan expression of cytokine TNF-aand adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Methods and results.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with OxLDL were used as model of atherosclerosis. The increased NFkB activity was measured by indirect method using p50 subcellular lo-calization by immunohistochemistry. 40ug/mL OxLDL, 0.01 gr/mL and 0.005 gr/mL Moringa oleiferawere used based on preliminary study. Conclusions. This study showed that OxLDL significantly induce NFkB activation and increase protein expression of TNF-aand (ICAM-1). This study also observed that Moringa oleiferasignificantly inhibit NFkB activa-tion, and prevent an increased TNF-aand ICAM-1 expression at protein level in OxLDL-treated HUVECs as compare to the controls. Moringa oleifera dose of 0.01mg/mL has a better inhibition effect as compare to that of 0.005 gr/mL.