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131I is a fission product produced in a nuclear reactor by irradiating tellurium dioxide, with a half-life of 8.02 day. The most important and widely used method for making 131I is irradiation using a nuclear reactor and post-irradiation followed by dry distillation. The advantage of the dry distillation process is that the process and the equipment are relatively simple, namely TeO2 (m.p. 750 °C), which can withstand heating during reactor irradiation. Based on TeO2 irradiation by neutron following the technique of dry distillation was explained for production of 131I on a large scale. A dry distillation followed the radioisotope production operation using the 30 MW GA Siwabessy nuclear reactor to meet national demand. TeO2 targets are 25 and 50 g irradiated for 87–100 h. The resulting 131I activity is 20.29339–368.50335GBq. According to the requirements imposed on the radionuclide purity of the preparation, the contribution of 131I training in the resulting preparation was not less than 99.9 %

The effect of gamma-irradiation on bacterial cellulose (BC) was investigated in terms of improving its properties as scaffolds for tissue engineering. BC pellicles were exposed to 25, 50, and 75 kGy gamma-ray irradiation, and X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the crystallinity of the BC decreased as stronger irradiation accelerated BC’s degradation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the irradiated BC revealed the appearance of a new peak at 1724 cm–1, indicating the formation of a new carbonyl group due to the cleavage of glycosidic linkages of the BC. Rat bone marrow stromal cells seeded on the gamma-irradiated BC incubated in an osteogenic medium for 14 days produced calcium, a late marker for osteogenic differentiation, as shown by Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining. Gamma-irradiated BC with higher irradiation doses showed intense ARS staining indicating higher calcium deposition. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using gamma-irradiated BC as a cytocompatible 3D scaffold for bone tissue regeneration.

The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials in the form of physics modules containing character values using inquiry models in temperature and heat material, according to the 2013 curriculum material. This study was applied in physics learning activities conducted from April to May 2015 at Al High School. Azhar Syifa Budi Jakarta. The method used in this study is the development method. The initial stage of this research was the analysis of teaching material needs, then made the development of physics modules for class X Science which had been validated by several professional high school physics experts and teachers in Jakarta. The instruments used were a needs analysis questionnaire, a validation sheet for physical matter experts, media experts and professional high school physics teachers in Jakarta and a questionnaire for students after using the developed modules. From the results of the validation by the material experts, the average score of the overall aspects was 81%, indicating that the material suitability aspect, the quality of the contents which included the planting of character values and module competency tests were very good. Validation by media experts obtained a percentage of the average score of all aspects of 89%, indicating that the character values outlined in the module are very good as well as aspects of consistency in the module writing format are very good. The results of validation by professional high school physics teachers in Jakarta obtained an average score of 84%, indicating the direction of learning activities that can foster very well-written characters. This physics module can help develop character values in students and can motivate students to learn independently, because this module displays physics concepts through images and is equipped with sentences that lead students to build their knowledge independently. Keywords: Module Development, Inquiry, Temperature and Heat

Rice nutrition including vitamin and amylose contents become important aspect for many people around the world. Rice with high amylose content (low glycemic index) is good for those with Diabetes mellitus. Tocotrienol, one precursor of Vitamin-E biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes encoded HGGT, while amylose biosynthesis is catalyzed by enzymes encoded GBSSI. The objective of this study was to find rice varieties with high tocotrienol and/or amylose content based on the expression of HGGT and GBSSI among eight Banyuwangi local rice varieties. Relative expression of HGGT and GBSSI was measured by qRT-PCR and analyzed using 2ΔCt method. Statistical analysis resulted in the significantly different of HGGT and GBSSI relative expression among samples. Relative expression of HGGT from the highest to the lowest were demonstrated by Hitam Melik, Hitam Pekat, Blambangan A3, Merah Bali, Blambangan A2, Berlian, Janur Kuning, and SOJ A3, respectively; while relative expression of GBSSI from the highest to the lowest were demonstrated by Hitam Melik, Hitam Pekat, SOJ A3, Janur Kuning, Berlian, Merah Bali, Blambangan A3, and Blambangan A2, respectively. Based on this research we conclude that Hitam Melik potentially produces higher tocotrienol and lower glycemic index than other studied varieties.

The gun assault case fatality rate measures the fraction of shooting victims who die from their wounds. Considerable debate has surrounded whether gun assault case fatality rates have changed over time and what factors may be involved. We use crime event data from Los Angeles to examine the victim and situational correlates of gun assault case fatality rates over time. We estimated log binomial regression models for the probability of death in each year from 2005 to 2021, conditioned on situational and victim characteristics of the crime. Case fatality rates increased by around 1.3% per year between 2005 and 2021 from around 15.9 to 19.7%. Baseline case fatality rates differed systematically by most situational and victim but followed similar temporal trends. Only victim age significantly covaried with the temporal trend in case fatality rates. An individual shot in Los Angeles in 2021 was 23.7% more likely to die than the equivalent victim in 2005. The steady increase in case fatality rates suggests that there were around 394 excess fatalities over what would have occurred if case fatality rates remained at the 2005 level. Increases in the average age of victims over time may contribute to the general temporal trend. We hypothesize that older victims are more likely to be shot indoors where lethal close-range wounds are more likely.

BACKGROUND: Increased duration of breastfeeding improves maternal cardiovascular health and may be especially beneficial in high-risk populations, such as those with chronic hypertension. Others have shown that individuals with hypertension are less likely to breastfeed, and there has been limited research aimed at supporting breastfeeding goals in this population. The impact of perinatal blood pressure control on breastfeeding outcomes among people with chronic hypertension is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether breastfeeding initiation and short-term duration assessed at the postpartum clinic visit differed according to perinatal blood pressure treatment strategy (targeting blood pressure

Wound dehiscence sering terjadi setelah pembedahan mayor abdomen menimbulkan tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Wound dehiscence dapat menimbulkan stress, eviserasi, reoperasi, gangguan citra tubuh, meningkatnya lama rawat dan biaya rawat, menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien serta kematian sehingga perlu menangani faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian wound dehiscence. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian wound dehiscence pada pasien dewasa post laparatomi di RSUP Dr Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Metode penelitian menggunakan analitik korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 40 orang yang diambil dengan menggunakan consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kejadian wound dehiscence terjadi ketika perawatan di rumah (35%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara infeksi luka (p=0,0001), operasi emergensi (p = 0,020), hipoalbumin (p=0,037), anemia (p = 0,028), status nutrisi (0,010), dan adanya penyakit penyerta (p = 0,008) dengan kejadian wound dehiscence, serta tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor usia (p = 0,581) dan jenis kelamin (p= 0,604) dengan kejadian wound dehiscence. Penting bagi perawat untuk mengidentifikasi potensial faktor risiko wound dehiscence pada pasien yang dilakukan operasi laparatomi dan segera melakukan intervensi yang diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya komplikasi wound dehiscence, diantaranya dengan melakukan discharge planning terkait perawatan luka dan pentingnya asupan protein yang adekuat supaya bisa dikenali ditahab mana terjadinya wound dehiscence. Kata kunci: Pasien, post laparatomi, wound dehiscence. Factors correlating of Wound Dehiscence in Patients after Laparatomi at Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Absract Wound dehiscence is often occurred after major abdominal surgery which impacts on morbidity and mortality rates and significantly contributes to prolonged hospital stays, implicit and explicit costs, associate with psychosocial stressor on patients, evisceration re-surgical operation, and may affect to quality of life patients. It is therefore necessary to identify factors affecting wound dehiscence. The aims of the study was to analyze factors correlating of post-operative wound dehiscence in adult patients at Dr Hasan Sadikin general hospital. Correlational analytic with cross sectional approach was used in this study. 40 patients were selected to be participated in this study by using consecutive sampling. Observations, interviews and study documents were conducted in data collection process. Univariate and Bivariate analysis with Chi Square were performed to analyze the data. Results of the study identified than wound dehiscence were occurred during patients at home (35%). Result of analysis bivariate showed that there was a significance correlation between wound infection (p=0, 0001), surgical emergency (p = 0,020), hypo albumin (p=0,037), anemia (p = 0,028), nutrition status (0,010), and other illness (p = 0,008) with wound dehiscence. Whereas, there was no correlation significantly between age factor (p = 0,581) and gender (p= 0,604) with wound dehiscence. It is important for nurses to identify potential risk factors of wound dehiscence in patients after post-operative laparotomy and prevent complication of wound dehiscence by doing discharge planning especially in term of wound care and the need of taking protein consumption adequately to avoid wound dehiscence. Key words: Adult patients, post-laparatomi, wound dehiscence.

Depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance are common among school-age children and can impair functioning. Schools are in a unique position to assess and refer these children for intervention services, but standardized screening is underutilized. One challenge with screening is the lack of psychometrically strong mental health screening tools that can be efficiently and effectively administered in school settings. The Behavioral Health Works program provides a web-based platform and a multidimensional screening tool (the Behavioral Health Screen [BHS]) that can help overcome implementation barriers. Because parents have unique, valuable perspectives on reporting the mental health concerns of their children, a parent report version for younger children was developed. This study examines the psychometric properties of the internalizing and sleep scales of the BHS parent report version for assessing children (BHS-PRC). Participants included 420 parents of children ages 6-12, who completed the BHS-PRC. Results supported evidence of good internal structure, partial measurement equivalence (across race, gender, age, and education groups), discrimination in item response theory analysis, classification accuracy, and convergent and discriminant validity. Overall, the BHS-PRC demonstrates strong psychometric characteristics and has the potential to assist schools' mental health screening as part of a multitiered system of support.

Children with dyslexia may have adequate cognitive abilities but they often show considerable difficulties in reading where they are less accurate in spelling and pronouncing words. Phonological deficit is the main cause of reading disorders in dyslexic children, and hence, developing competence in phonological awareness is important to increase children's sensitivity to the structure of a word. This study aims to develop a web-based assistive technology called Lexiroom for Indonesian dyslexic children to increase their phonological awareness. This includes the aspects of syllable awareness, segmenting words into sounds, and manipulating sounds. As a preliminary study, the proposed learning media is implemented using a single subject design with a research and development approach. The results show that Lexiroom can improve the phonological awareness of a child diagnosed with dyslexia. However, Lexiroom still has limitations in doing speech recognition, so in making the next media it is necessary to consider the structure in speech recognition assets to minimize error answers that are inputted in the form of voice.

Introduction: The sexual and reproductive health of people living with HIV is fundamental for their well-being. Antiretroviral therapy and reproductive technologies have significantly improved quality of life of people living with HIV in developed countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, the epicenter of HIV, the sexual practices and fertility of women infected with HIV have been understudied. Aim: To assess the sexual behavior, fertility intentions, and awareness of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in pregnant women with HIV-negative partners in Yaounde Central Hospital (Yaounde, Cameroon). Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a semistructured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was conducted at the antenatal unit and HIV clinic in 2014. Main Outcome Measures: Ninety-four pregnant women infected with HIV provided consistent information on (i) sociodemographic characteristics, (ii) sexual and fertility patterns, (iii) awareness of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and (iv) their unmet needs. Results: Although sexual desire had significantly changed since their HIV diagnosis, the women were highly sexually active. Approximately 19% of women had more than one sexual partner and 40% had regular unprotected sex during the 12-month period before the interviews (P < .0001). Twenty-nine percent of women preferred intermittent sexual intercourse and inconsistent condom use to delay pregnancy, but the abortion rate remained high. Age, marital status, and education affected women's awareness of mother-to-child transmission (P < .05); and no association existed between the number of living children and future pregnancies (rs = −0.217; P = .036). Conclusion: HIV-infected women living with HIV-negative partners in Cameroon expressed high sexual and fertility intentions with several unmet needs, including safer sexual practices and conception. Incorporating and supporting safe sexual educational practices and conception services in maternal care can decrease risky sexual behavior and vertical transmission.

Externalizing problems are common in children ages 6-14, can have lifelong consequences, and may pose a particular risk when combined with other risk factors and symptoms (like depression and anxiety). Schools are uniquely positioned to assess and address these types of behavioral health concerns, but many school-based assessments do not focus on mental health distress (partially because they often lack the infrastructure for identification, screening, and referral). To address this gap, the Behavioral Health Works program student mental health software system has integrated teacher training, psychometrically strong assessments, feedback, and referral tools. However, this self-report tool for adolescents needed to be adapted for younger children. Thus, a parent-report version was added as well as new scales for better assessing this age group. The present study examines the psychometric properties of the new parent-report attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant/conduct scales within a sample of 440 children referred for school-based assessments. Overall, the new scales demonstrated good structural validity, measurement invariance across most demographic groups, discrimination in item response theory analyses, and evidence of convergent validity and good classification accuracy in relation to a validation battery. These externalizing scales are distinct and precise and show promise for improving the effectiveness of school-based programs for identifying at-risk children.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to estimate prevalence of asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among patients admitted to obstetric inpatient units throughout the United States as detected by universal screening. We sought to describe the relationship between obstetric inpatient asymptomatic infection rates and publicly available surrounding community infection rates.MethodsA cross-sectional study in which medical centers reported rates of positive SARS-CoV-2 testing in asymptomatic pregnant and immediate postpartum patients over a 1-3-month time span in 2020. Publicly reported SARS-CoV-2 case rates from the relevant county and state for each center were collected from the COVID Act Now dashboard and the COVID Tracking Project for correlation analysis.ResultsData were collected from 9 health centers, encompassing 18 hospitals. Participating health centers were located in Alabama, California, Illinois, Louisiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Utah, and Washington State. Each hospital had an active policy for universal SARS-CoV-2 testing on obstetric inpatient units. A total of 10 147 SARS-CoV-2 tests were administered, of which 124 were positive (1.2%). Positivity rates varied by site, ranging from 0-3.2%. While SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were lower in asymptomatic obstetric inpatient groups than the surrounding communities, there was a positive correlation between positivity rates in obstetric inpatient units and their surrounding county (P=.003, r=.782) and state (P=.007, r=.708).ConclusionsGiven the correlation between community and obstetric inpatient rates, the necessity of SARS-CoV-2-related healthcare resource utilization in obstetric inpatient units may be best informed by surrounding community infection rates.

BackgroundThe benefits and safety of the treatment of mild chronic hypertension (blood pressure,

Background: Studies suggest breastfeeding lowers obesity risk in childhood, but generalizability of existing evidence is limited. We examined associations of breastfeeding with childhood overweight, obesity, and percentage body fat, in a racially diverse maternal-child cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 823 children, ages 4-8 years, enrolled in the Environmental Exposures and Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohort, a subset of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies cohort. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overweight [BMI (kg/m2) 85th to

Institutions increasingly use first-generation categorizations to provide support to students. In this study, we sought to understand how students make meaning of their first-generation status by conducting a series of focus groups with 54 participants. Our findings reveal that students saw first-generation status as an organizational and familial identity rather than social identities. This status was connected to alterity and social distance that was most salient in comparison to continuing-generation peers. Our recommendations include reexamining the role of first-generation-specific programming on campus, creating opportunities for meaning-making, supporting students within changing family dynamics, and exploring the interaction between first-generation status and other marginalized identities.

Schools have the unique opportunity to identify and refer youth at risk for suicide. School-based gatekeeper training programs aim to improve staff's ability to talk to students about mental health concerns and refer them for an assessment. Unfortunately, progress in evaluating the available programs has been limited. In fact, the popular and widely used More Than Sad program has received no rigorous evaluation to date. This study sets out to evaluate the effectiveness of the More Than Sad program in a quasi-experimental, wait-list control design with a large number of school personnel, across geographically diverse communities. Fourteen school districts with over 1475 school personal received the training. A standardized assessment tool was used before and after the training and two months later. Half of the schools served as a wait list control before receiving the treatment. Results. Compared to wait-listed staff, school personal who received the training reported a significant increase in knowledge, preparedness, self-efficacy, and likelihood to refer. Self-reported and actual referral behavior also increased both for those that had made referrals in the past and those that had not. Gains were maintained at 2-month follow-up. More Than Sad can effectively improve suicide literacy and willingness to refer youth at risk for suicide to school mental health resources. With 90% of the training pre-recorded on DVDs, future research should explore implementation feasibility and effectiveness.

There is scant evidence of OER reuse or sharing; OER apologists maintain that reuse is happening in private spaces, but others argue there is no evidence of such 'dark reuse'. The OER lifecycle provides a model of OER engagement, defining five key practices: finding, composing, adapting, reusing and sharing. However, no empirical research has yet investigated whether teachers' engagement with OER follows this model; evidence from OER repository analytics suggests not. This paper draws on an empirical study of engagement with an OER repository by language teachers at a distance university (The Open University UK). Through the applied thematic analysis of data generated through observation of lesson preparations, the paper's contribution is to validate the OER lifecycle model and provide evidence of 'dark reuse'. Qualitative tools, sensitive to the situated nature of OER engagement, are crucial to understanding invisible practices around 'dark reuse', and sophisticated models that embrace the complexity of OER ecosystems are needed.

This research is part of developing study on the Civic education teaching material based on PBL. This research aims to determine the process of developing the teaching material of Civic education based on PBL for the fourth-grade of elementary school in order to improve students' learning outcome. The result of the previous study shows that the teaching material does not currently fulfill the students' need. Method of research used is a descriptive qualitative and quantitative. This research consists of two activities namely the composing of extensive and limited test. In the implementation, the extensive test has a broader scope than limited test. Methods of collecting data in this research are interview, observation, expert assessment and test. The instruments of this research are interview guide, field notes, expert assessment sheet and test sheet of the student learning outcome. Stages in this activity include the preparation of teaching material Civic education based on PBL, experts' validation of Civic education teaching material based on PBL, and field trials. The result of this research is a draft of teaching material of Civic education based on PBL including introduction, content and closing. It is eligible used by nine experts. The student learning outcome that uses the teaching material Civic education based on PBL is improved.