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The gun assault case fatality rate measures the fraction of shooting victims who die from their wounds. Considerable debate has surrounded whether gun assault case fatality rates have changed over time and what factors may be involved. We use crime event data from Los Angeles to examine the victim and situational correlates of gun assault case fatality rates over time. We estimated log binomial regression models for the probability of death in each year from 2005 to 2021, conditioned on situational and victim characteristics of the crime. Case fatality rates increased by around 1.3% per year between 2005 and 2021 from around 15.9 to 19.7%. Baseline case fatality rates differed systematically by most situational and victim but followed similar temporal trends. Only victim age significantly covaried with the temporal trend in case fatality rates. An individual shot in Los Angeles in 2021 was 23.7% more likely to die than the equivalent victim in 2005. The steady increase in case fatality rates suggests that there were around 394 excess fatalities over what would have occurred if case fatality rates remained at the 2005 level. Increases in the average age of victims over time may contribute to the general temporal trend. We hypothesize that older victims are more likely to be shot indoors where lethal close-range wounds are more likely.

China, Indonesia, and Malaysia have the highest age-standardized rates of heart failure in Asia, according to the Global Burden of Disease study. While numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have compared bisoprolol and carvedilol in HFrEF, most have focused on Western populations. To address this gap, we conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies involving Asian patients with HFrEF from PubMed and Cochrane databases that reported all-cause mortality, hospital admission, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increase. The search result identified five eligible studies, primarily from Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea, with a total of 11,577 participants. The meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between bisoprolol and carvedilol in terms of all-cause mortality (RR 1.04, p 0.62, I2 = 0%), hospitalization (RR 1.23, p. 0.23, I2 = 0%), and LVEF increase (RR -1.40, p. 0.50, I2 = 0%). These findings suggest that both drugs have comparable efficacy in the Asian population.

The problem most often encountered in fish farming is disease which can cause a decrease in fish production levels. Parasites cause one of the infectious diseases found in fish farming. The presence of parasites can cause a decrease in the quality of the growth of fish production. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of ectoparasites on Nile tilapia in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Ninety-six samples from two ponds were examined under the microscope to find out the presence of ectoparasite that exists in the outside body part of the fish. Samples were collected from skin, fins, tail, and gills using native methods and observed under a microscope in the Division of Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. The results of this study showed 86 samples positively infected by ectoparasite and 10 showed negative. The ectoparasites found in this study were Trichodina sp., Chilodonella sp., Ichthyophthirius multifillis, Gyrodactylus sp., and Dactylogyrus sp. The highest prevalence is Trichodina sp. and Dactylogyrus sp. The number of fish infested by ectoparasite is 89.56%, this is classified in the usual category. The highest prevalence occurs in infestations of Trichodina sp. i.e.72.91% which were contained in the 70 samples. While the lowest prevalence was in Gyrodactylus sp. by 8.32% in 8 fish samples. Double infections from two different ponds were 70% within 33 samples which were included in the usual category.

Background: Cases of cruelty can occur in wild animal, livestock, and pet animal. Cruelty to cats choose to be the background of this research because many cases of cruelty to cats have not reported although the cases are still high. Aim: Aim of this research was to know how much dilution of cat blood that can still be detected by Leucomalachite Green (LMG) and Takayama reagent. Methods: Three samples of domestic cat blood were diluted with ratio 1:10; 1:100; 1:1,000; 1:10,000; and 1:100,000. Bloodstain is made by dropping each blood dilution on the filter paper for LMG test and on the object glass for Takayama test. Bloodstain for LMG test was done with ten repetitions from each sample and duplo for Takayama test. Positive results from the LMG test are presented as a bluish-green discoloration in stains. A positive result from the Takayama test is the formation of hemochromogen crystals under a microscope with 400x magnification. Results: Based on this research, cat bloodstain can be detected with LMG reagent until 1:40,000 dilution, while Takayama reagent only can detect cat bloodstain until 1:1,000. Conclusion: LMG and Takayama reagent are reagents that are often used in human blood spot testing. If there is a case of violence against cats and other animals, these two reagents can be relied on to help with the proof process. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(10.000): 2609-2617]

An infectious disease called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) can lead to a number of disorders affecting cattle's respiratory system. The disease is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV-1). Based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, BoAHV-1 strains are divided into subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b, and 1.3. IBR is currently widespread throughout the world, with the exception of a few nations that have achieved eradication. The most significant characteristic of this illness is that, after a clinical or subclinical infection, the virus typically establishes a latent condition that can later be reactivated in the presence of stress, immunosuppressive conditions/substances, or other diseases. Primarily, the virus spreads by direct or indirect contact between animals. It may also be transmitted via the reproductive system, causing infectious balanoposthitis or vulvovaginitis. Most virus subtypes are associated with reproductive failure, such as fetal or embryonic resorption and abortions. The virus may also be transmitted through semen, which could lead to genital transfer. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection produces a variety of lesions. Lesion in the mucosal surface usually consists of white necrotic material. Regular methods for diagnosing BoHV-1 infections include isolation in cell culture, ELISA, VNT, and methods based on identification of nucleic acids, like PCR. The interplay of several host, pathogen, environmental, and management factors affects the spread of IBR. Through its impacts on health and fitness, IBR can lead to production losses. In order to minimize the severity of clinical signs and stop the infection from spreading, the veterinarian may advise that sick or at-risk animals be placed under immediate isolation and vaccinated (such as intranasal vaccination, including the use of both killed and live attenuated virus vaccines) as soon as an IBR diagnosis is obtained. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(10.000): 2525-2538]

Volatility is a key indicator in assessing risk when making investment decisions. In the world of financial markets, volatility reflects the degree to which the value of a financial asset fluctuates over a given period. The most common way to measure the future loss potential of an investment is through volatility. Focusing on the Realized GJR (RealGJR) volatility model, which consists of return, conditional volatility, and measurement equations, this study proposes the RealGJR-CJ model developed by decomposing the exogenous variable in the volatility equation of RealGJR into continuous C and discontinuous (jump) J variables. The decomposition of exogenous variables makes the RealGJR-CJ model follow realistic financial markets, where the asset volatility is a continuous process with some jump components. As an empirical illustration, the models are applied to an index in the Japanese stock market, namely Tokyo Stock Price Index, covering from January 2004 to December 2011. The observed exogenous variable in the volatility equation of RealGJR models is Realized Volatility (RV), which is calculated using intraday data with time intervals of 1 and 5 minutes. Adaptive Random Walk Metropolis method was employed in Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate the model parameters by updating the parameters during sampling based on previous samples from the chain. From the results of running the MCMC algorithm 20 times, the mean of the information criteria of competing models is significantly different based on standard deviation and the result suggests that the model with continuous and jump variables can improve the model without jump. The best fit model is provided by RealGJR-CJ with the adoption of 1-minute RV data.

Consider a finite graph G that is simple, undirected, and connected. Let W be an ordered set of vertices with |W| = k. The representation of a vertex v is defined as an ordered k-tuple that consists of the distances from vertex v to each vertex in W. The set W is called a resolving set for G if the k-tuples for any two vertices in G are distinct. The metric dimension of G, denoted by dim(G), is the smallest possible size of such a set W. In this paper, we determine the metric dimension of edge comb product of trees with complete multipartites or petersen graphs.

Highlights: 1. This study emphasizes the importance of providing physical exercises to pre-frail elderly individuals, especially in a community setting. 2. This study establishes a foundation for future research to explore the relationship between physical exercise, particularly the Vivifrail Type C Protocol, and cognitive function in pre-frail elderly individuals. Abstract Frailty is a clinical syndrome that increases vulnerability, potentially leading to disability or death. The pre-frail phase is ideal for preventing frailty and improving quality-adjusted life years, particularly through physical exercises that reduce the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. Multicomponent exercises, such as the Vivifrail Exercise Program, may enhance cognitive function and daily independence by preventing and mitigating frailty through tailored routines. However, its impact on cognitive function in pre-frail elderly people had not been well studied. This study aimed to determine the effect of the Vivifrail Exercise Program Type C on the cognitive function of pre-frail elderly people. This study was a quasi-experiment with a non-randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The sample was chosen by the quota sampling method. Twenty-seven subjects were analyzed, comprising 16 individuals in the exercise group and 11 individuals in the control group. The exercise group participated in the Vivivfrail Type C Exercise Program, with 45-minute sessions conducted biweekly for 12 weeks. The evaluated parameters included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA) and the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA). The statistical analysis utilized the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the post-hoc Mann-Whitney test and independent t-test (p

The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between the weight of the ovary, the number of follicles, and the quality of the oocytes from the culling female bovine obtained from the slaughterhouse. The variation may affect the potential of the ovary to produce follicles. Paired ovaries were obtained from female bovines. Follicle numbers were recorded and divided into three size categories (small: 3 mm, medium: < 3 mm-8 mm, and large: > 8 mm). Oocytes were aspirated and the number of oocytes was recorded and graded into four categories (grades A, B, C, and D). There was a positive correlation between the weight of the ovary and the number of follicles, which is 0.560 with the regression equation y = 3.52 + 0.501 x. There was a positive correlation between the number of follicles and the number of oocytes, which is 0.546 with the regression equation y =2.48 + 1.204 x. There was a positive correlation between the number of oocytes and the grade of oocytes, which is 0.520, with the regression equation y = 0.93 + 0.800 x. There was no correlation between the weight of the ovary and oocyte grade A, which is 0.013.

This study aims to contribute valuable insights to readers and serve as a reference for dairy farmers looking to enhance their operations. By examining the prevalence and risk factors associated with repeat breeder syndrome in dairy cows within the Village Unit Cooperation (KUD) Bebarengan Anggayuh Tentrem Urip, Batu City, East Java Province, this study aims to aid in preventing such occurrences and ultimately improve dairy cow productivity. The survey method was employed, utilizing data sourced from cooperative and farmer records, as well as observations, interviews, and questionnaire responses. Analysis revealed that out of 50 farmers owning a total of 281 cows, 30 farmers possessed a combined total of 58 dairy cows classified as repeat breeders. Consequently, the prevalence rate of repeat breeders among farmers was found to be 20.64%. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the collected data, with additional SPSS Chi-Square (X²) analysis performed to identify risk factors associated with repeat breeders. These risk factors include breeder experience, knowledge of reproduction and estrus phases, communication with artificial inseminators and veterinarians, housing conditions, as well as factors related to livestock feed and water.

Background: Oocyte diameter is crucial for initiating meiosis and supporting the maturation capability, a prerequisite for successful fertilisation and high-quality embryo development. While numerous studies have explored the correlation between oocyte diameter and embryo development capacity in animal models, limited research appears concerning human oocytes. Aim: This study aims to ascertain whether oocyte diameter can serve as a reliable predictor of oocyte and embryo quality, achieved through its correlation with protein kinase B (Akt) protein levels on cumulus–granulosa cells and blastocyst morphokinetics. Setting and Design: Prospective cohort study included cumulus–granulosa cells collected from 228 mature oocytes of 32 infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment. The diameter of the oocytes was measured using the Image J software, and the samples were categorised into three groups based on their diameter: 118.97 µm. Quantification of pAkt and Akt protein total of cumulus–granulosa cells exploited the ELISA method. Embryo morphokinetics and anomaly development events were observed at the blastocyst stage to evaluate embryo quality relative to oocyte diameter. Statistical Analysis Used: The Kruskal–Wallis test and Chi-square test were used. P 0.05). Likewise, there were no significant differences in morphokinetics and anomaly development except for the S2 parameter and reverse cleavage. Conclusion: Reflecting on the molecular profile including pAkt, total Akt protein, morphokinetics and anomaly development, it was observed that oocyte diameter does not correlate with its competency and the quality of the resulting embryo. In addition, oocytes with a diameter below 105.95 µm may have an equal potential to develop into top-quality embryos.

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) belonging to the Arteriviridae family is the cause of PRRS disease. After being discovered for the first time in the United States in 1987, this illness quickly expanded to Canada. The disease was initially discovered in late 1990 in Germany, from where it quickly spread throughout Europe. The consequences of PRRSV lead to a number of epidemiological issues, including a sickness with a delayed immune response that permits extended viremia, which facilitates viral transmission. The virus penetrates the nasal epithelium, tonsils, lung macrophages, and uterine endometrium through the oronasal and genital pathways. Abortions performed late in pregnancy and premature or delayed deliveries resulting in dead and mummified fetuses, stillborn pigs, and weakly born piglets are indicative of reproductive syndrome. In the meanwhile, dyspnea, fever, anorexia, and lethargic behavior are signs of respiratory syndrome. The virus can be isolated from the tissue or serum of animals that have been infected to confirm the diagnosis. Pig movements and potential airborne dissemination are two ways that the virus can enter new herds and propagate through nose-to-nose contact or aerosols. Various supportive therapies may enhance infant survival, and antibiotics may or may not lessen the impact of secondary bacterial infections. The absence of simple diagnostic tests, the virus's airborne transmission, the occurrence of subclinical infections, and the virus's persistence in infected populations have all contributed to the failure of control efforts for PRRS. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2138-2152]

Background In broiler farming, vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) is essential. Nonetheless, during the post-vaccination phase, production may be negatively impacted by mycotoxin contamination in feed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mycotoxin binders on immune and intestinal histopathology ameliorations against newcastle disease in vaccinated broilers with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) toxication. Methods A total of 20 broilers were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 5 replications i.e. (C-) broiler groups with basal feed, (C+) broiler groups with AFB1 and OTA feed contamination, (T1) and (T2) broiler groups with exposed AFB1, OTA, and toxin binders as feed additives with dose 1.1 g/kg and 1.6 g/kg feed, respectively. ND vaccination was carried out on day 7 and 21. Antibody titers were evaluated from serum samples of broiler on days 14, 28, and 35 for further hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Histopathology of the cecum and colon organs was evaluated using HE staining on day 36. HI test and histological scoring were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s test with a p < 0.05 in SPSS v.26 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results As a result, histopathological improvement of the cecum and colon was reported based on mucosal rupture, hemorrhage and necrosis on day 35. An increase in the mean antibody titer compared to days 14 and 28 was observed on day 35, with significant changes observed in serum samples based on the C+ group, which was significantly different from the C- and T2 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study revealed that a 1.6 g/kg toxin binder dose in feed can increase antibody titer and histopathology of cecum and colon in broiler chickens after ND vaccination fed with mycotoxin-contaminated feed.

Background The major component of patchouli oil, patchouli alcohol, is used as fixative and has antimicrobial activity. The function of other components, such as α-guaiene, remains unknown. Therefore, this study reports the antifungal activity of α-guaiene isolated from patchouli oil against for pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans ATCC 7102, Microsporum gypseum ATCC 14683, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 16404. Methods The material from fraction (249°C-254°C) had the highest α-guaiene. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined using the microdilution technique to evaluate antifungal activity, with n-hexane and medium serving as negative controls, and ketoconazole and fluconazole serving as positive controls. Results The results showed that the MIC value was determined at 45%, 50% for C. albicans, 55%, 60% for A. niger, 50%, 60% for M. gypseum, and 95%, 100% for T. mentagrophytes, respectively. Positive and medium controls demonstrated no microbial growth, whereas negative and growth controls revealed the presence of microorganisms. Fungus resistance to α-guaiene T. mentagrophytes exhibited the highest MIC value. Conclusions Overall, this study reveals that α-guaiene is a promising agent effective against the studied pathogenic fungi.

Background In broiler farming, vaccination against Newcastle disease (ND) is essential. Nonetheless, during the post-vaccination phase, production may be negatively impacted by mycotoxin contamination in feed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of toxin binders on antibody titer and large intestine histopathology after ND vaccination in broiler with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA) toxication. Methods A total of 20 broilers were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 5 replications i.e. (C-) broiler groups with basal feed, (C+) broiler groups with AFB1 and OTA feed contamination, (T1) and (T2) broiler groups with exposed AFB1, OTA, and toxin binders as feed additives with dose 1.1 g/kg and 1.6 g/kg feed, respectively. ND vaccination was carried out on day 7 and 21. Antibody titers were evaluated from serum samples of broiler on days 14, 28, and 35 for further hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Histopathology of the cecum and colon organs was evaluated using HE staining on day 36. HI test and histological scoring were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s test with a p < 0.05 in SPSS v.26 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results As a result, histopathological improvement of the cecum and colon was reported based on mucosal rupture, hemorrhage and necrosis on day 35. An increase in the mean antibody titer compared to days 14 and 28 was observed on day 35, with significant changes observed in serum samples based on the C+ group, which was significantly different from the C- and T2 groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions This study revealed that toxin binder dose of 1.6 g/kg can increase antibody titer and histopathology of cecum and colon in broiler chickens after ND vaccination fed with mycotoxin-contaminated feed.

BACKGROUND: Increased duration of breastfeeding improves maternal cardiovascular health and may be especially beneficial in high-risk populations, such as those with chronic hypertension. Others have shown that individuals with hypertension are less likely to breastfeed, and there has been limited research aimed at supporting breastfeeding goals in this population. The impact of perinatal blood pressure control on breastfeeding outcomes among people with chronic hypertension is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate whether breastfeeding initiation and short-term duration assessed at the postpartum clinic visit differed according to perinatal blood pressure treatment strategy (targeting blood pressure

Purpose – This study examines the influence of macroeconomics and population demographics on demand for Islamic life insurance in Indonesia. Methodology – This study uses time-series data analysis using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)method. The study period is from January 2015 to December 2022. Findings – According to the ARDL model, inflation and education levels have a positive effect on the demand for Islamic life insurance in the long run, while the Muslim population has a negative effect. In the short term, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has a positive effect, while inflation and the Muslim population have a negative effect on the demand for Islamic life insurance in Indonesia. Implications – This study provides valuable insights for the Islamic life insurance industry and policymakers. The industry should develop inclusive and affordable products tailored to diverse financial capacities and preferences, including those of the younger generations. Policymakers should promote public awareness and collaboration with financial institutions in order to expand access. These findings can guide strategies to enhance market penetration and financial inclusion. Originality – This study fills the research gap by analyzing the relationship between Islamic life insurance demand, macroeconomics, and population demographics, where Muslim population has never been discussed by previous studies.

Obesity has become a global public health and nutrition problem, both in developed and developing countries. Based on the latest Riskesdas data in 2018, the prevalence of obesity in adults aged >18 years is still increasing, at 21.8%. Arabica coffee (Coffea Arabica) has active compounds such as caffeine, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that can be used to reduce the risk of causing obesity. This study aims to determine the decrease in obesity index of wistar male white rats given ethanol extract of arabica coffee beans for 24 days in obese model rats induced with high fat diet for 50 days. Extraction was carried out on Arabica coffee beans using 96% ethanol solvent for 3x24 hours by maceration method. The treatment was carried out with extract doses of 200 (D1), 400 (D2), and 600 (D3) mg/kg BW for 24 days. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, namely negative control given 1% CMC, positive control given orlistat 30 mg/kg BW, control group given ethanol extract of Arabica coffee beans at a dose of 200 (D1) mg/kg BW, 400 (D2) mg/kg BW, and 600 (D3) mg/kg BW. Obesity parameters were measured by Lee index and fat index. Arabica coffee extract (ACE) at a dose of D1 mg/kg BW showed a decrease in body weight of 47.88%, higher than the dose of D2 by (23.49%) and D3 by (14.00%). Caffeine contained in Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica) shows potential as an obesity inhibiting agent. The effective dose of ethanol extract from Arabica coffee beans (Coffea arabica) which has the effect of lowering the obesity index is in the D2 group.

Bituminous materials are widely used in a large range of hydraulic applications due their excellent waterproofing properties. More than 300 asphalt facing reservoirs were built in the last century, presenting higher mechanical and hydraulic performance when compared with other facing alternatives, such as cement concrete or steel membranes. On the other hand, the dark colour of bitumen may lead to high temperatures inside asphalt paved system, affecting long term ageing of binder and jeopardizing the quality of the impervious layer. Recently, multifunctional ultra-thin surface treatments are becoming an alternative to demolition-reconstruction of the impervious layer, significantly abating the quantity of energy and raw materials required for maintenance. High-reflective surface treatments may represent also an effective solution to reduce the temperature of asphalt layers, extending the service life of the dam embankment and reducing the need of maintenance. In fact, there is a lack of literature concerning the assessment of thermal impact on asphalt dams. In the light of above, a number of different combinations of sealing surface treatments were investigated in this study. An ad hoc testing equipment and procedure were designed to perform an artificial solar irradiance test. A complete colorimetry analysis was performed and the outcomes were compared with temperature data, making use of a thermal camera and of embedded sensors for surface and base temperature measurements, respectively. Major results and their relationships have been commented in-depth along with proposed further research activities.

The world's multiple landscape crises have placed agroforestry among the cost-effective nature-based solutions with numerous ecological, social, and economic benefits. This study examined the farmer and land factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry practices in the Gambia's Central River Region. Stratified random sampling was used to collect primary data from 377 households using semi-structured questionnaires and farm-level walkabout observations. The study used purposive and snowball sampling methods to engage different key informants. The results indicated that the agroforestry adoption rate in the study area was 52.3 %. Significant differences between the means of agroforestry adopters and non-adopters were observed. Adopters held more land size 0.66ha vs. 0.55ha, owned more livelihood assets (private land and livestock), and had significantly more fenced lands. The binary regression model established that livelihood assets, land size, land fencing, and gender were positively associated with agroforestry adoption in the study area. Conclusively, land-related factors emerged as more predictable determinants of agroforestry adoption than farmer-related factors. Notably, age and education, though important socioeconomic attributes, remained relatively the same between adopters and non-adopters, and were not statistically significant. The study recommends cross-cutting farmer and land-related policies, as well as other interventions to boost agroforestry adoption. It further suggests a follow-up study to quantify the actual cost and benefits associated with agroforestry adoption in the area.

Children with dyslexia may have adequate cognitive abilities but they often show considerable difficulties in reading where they are less accurate in spelling and pronouncing words. Phonological deficit is the main cause of reading disorders in dyslexic children, and hence, developing competence in phonological awareness is important to increase children's sensitivity to the structure of a word. This study aims to develop a web-based assistive technology called Lexiroom for Indonesian dyslexic children to increase their phonological awareness. This includes the aspects of syllable awareness, segmenting words into sounds, and manipulating sounds. As a preliminary study, the proposed learning media is implemented using a single subject design with a research and development approach. The results show that Lexiroom can improve the phonological awareness of a child diagnosed with dyslexia. However, Lexiroom still has limitations in doing speech recognition, so in making the next media it is necessary to consider the structure in speech recognition assets to minimize error answers that are inputted in the form of voice.

Depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance are common among school-age children and can impair functioning. Schools are in a unique position to assess and refer these children for intervention services, but standardized screening is underutilized. One challenge with screening is the lack of psychometrically strong mental health screening tools that can be efficiently and effectively administered in school settings. The Behavioral Health Works program provides a web-based platform and a multidimensional screening tool (the Behavioral Health Screen [BHS]) that can help overcome implementation barriers. Because parents have unique, valuable perspectives on reporting the mental health concerns of their children, a parent report version for younger children was developed. This study examines the psychometric properties of the internalizing and sleep scales of the BHS parent report version for assessing children (BHS-PRC). Participants included 420 parents of children ages 6-12, who completed the BHS-PRC. Results supported evidence of good internal structure, partial measurement equivalence (across race, gender, age, and education groups), discrimination in item response theory analysis, classification accuracy, and convergent and discriminant validity. Overall, the BHS-PRC demonstrates strong psychometric characteristics and has the potential to assist schools' mental health screening as part of a multitiered system of support.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the levels of chitinase-3-like protein-1 (CHI3L1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in adenomyosis, as compared to normal myometrial tissue. These biomarkers may be useful for determining potential treatment targets. Methods This was a correlative, analytical, and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Participants with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe adenomyosis, as determined through transvaginal ultrasonography and histological examination, and who underwent laparotomy or laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of adenomyosis, were enrolled in the study. Unlike other studies that recruited healthy women as controls, our study used adenomyotic and healthy nonadenomyotic myometria obtained from the same individual. The levels of CHI3L1, MMP-9, and MCP-1 in the biopsy samples were determined using enzyme-linked immunoassay kits, according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Results A highly significant increase in the levels of CHI3L1, MMP-9, and MCP-1 was found in adenomyotic tissues compared to non-adenomyotic tissues (P